DOScommands

1. DATE: - Used to display the current system date and prompt for entering new date.Syntax: Date Example: C:\> date

2. TIME: - Displays the current system Time and prompt for entering new time.Syntax: Time Example: C:\> Time

3. CLS: - Clears the cluster screen.Syntax: CLS Example: C:\> CLS

AFTER CLS

4. DIR: - This command displays the list of directories and files with details like date of creation whether it is directory or file etc.Syntax: DIR Example: C:\> CD SAMS and press Syntax: DIR

5. MD: -Used to create a new Directory or nested Directories. Syntax: MD [DRIVE:] PATH DIRECTORY NAMEExample: C:\> MD SAMS

6. CD: - This command allows you to change present directory to another directory.Syntax: CD [DRIVE:] PATH

7. COPY CON: -We use this command to create a new file.Syntax: COPY CON Example: C:\> Copy Con sams.txt Note: - Typing here and when you are done, press Ctr+Z or F6 key followed by Enter to save the current document.

8. TREE: - It is used to display directory structure of a specified directory graphically.Syntax: TREE [drive:] [path] [/f]

9.VER: - All O/S has its own edition number or release or version number. The version number indicates which edition of O/S you are working on.Syntax: VER Example: C:\>Ver

10. RD: - To delete the empty directory.Syntax: RD [DRIVE:] PATH NOTE: -The directory must be empty when we use RD.Example: C:\> RD SAMS and press

11. PATH: - This command defines a list of directories DOS Searches for external commands.Syntax: PATH (Display the current Search Path)PATH; : - ( Clear the search path so DOS will search for external commands only in the current directory)

12. DEL: This command removes one or more files from the disk or current working directories. SYNTAX: DEL filespec [/p] or ERASE filespec [/p]Example: C:\> DEL abc And Then Press Enter

13. REN: Used to change the name of the file or directory.SYNTAX: REN Example: REN sams sams1

14. PROMPT: This command allows you to customize the dos prompt.SYNTAX: 1. PROMPTExample: PROMPT $P$G

15. TYPE: - This command allows you to see the contents of an existing file on the screen.SYNTAX: TYPE Example: C:\> TYPE SAMS

16. TREE: - It is used to display directory structure of a specified directory graphically.Syntax: TREE [drive:] [path] [/f]

17. XCOPY: This command is faster than Copy Command and allows you to copy entire directories/disk including all the sub directories and files to destination. Syntax: XCOPY Source [ Target]SWITCHES : EXAMPLE: XCOPY C:\SAMS D:\SAMS /S/E

18. MOVE : This command moves a file or group of files from one directory to another and also one disk to another disk. It can also be used to rename directories.SYNTAX: Move [Path File Name] [Destination file name path]EXAMPLE: move c:\sams\fo.txt to d:\ new_sams

19. VOL: - It is used to display volume label and serial number of the current driveSyntax: Vol [drive:]Example: C:\> VOL

20. DELTREE: This command used for deleting an entire directory whether in that directory contains files or subdirectories and also it will delete hidden files.Syntax: DELTREE [drive:][path] directories [/y]EXAMPLE: C:\> DELTREE my.txt and then press

21. EDIT:This is the DOS Editor, which you can use to edit the text file and also creating new file.Syntax: Edit [drive:][path][filename]EXAMPLE: C:\> EDIT c:\sams\FO.TXT and then press

2. Make the following hierarchy using DOS:-

MBA

IT DS

Couse_details_file Student_folder d1 Student_details_file d2 d3Output-

1. Rename course_details file.2. Delete d1 folder.3. Delete student_details_file.4. Delete mba folder

Output

Excel

QUES 1: List & explain any 20 Excel functions.

1. AVERAGE functionReturns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. For example, if the range A1:A20 contains numbers, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns the average of those numbers.Syntax:- AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)The AVERAGE function syntax has the following arguments:Number1: Required. The first number, cell reference, or range for which you want the average.Number2: Optional. Additional numbers, cell references or ranges for which you want the average, up to a maximum of 255.

2. COUNT functionThe COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the list of arguments. Use the COUNT function to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a range or array of numbers.Syntax COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)The COUNT function syntax has the following arguments:value: Required. The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to count numbers.value2: Optional. Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within which you want to count numbers.

3. SUM functionThe SUM function adds all the numbers that you specify as arguments. Each argument can be a range, a cell reference, an array, a constant, a formula, or the result from another function.Syntax SUM(number1,[number2],...])The SUM function syntax has the following arguments:number1: Required. The first number argument that you want to add. number2: Optional. Number arguments 2 to 255 that you want to add.Example:- SUM(A1:A5) adds all the numbers that are contained in cells A1 through A5. For another example, SUM(A1, A3, A5) adds the numbers that are contained in cells A1, A3, and A5.

4. PRODUCT functionThe PRODUCT function multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product. For example, if cells A1 and A2 contain numbers, you can use the formula =PRODUCT(A1, A2) to multiply those two numbers together. You can also perform the same operation by using the multiply (*) mathematical operator; for example, =A1 * A2.The PRODUCT function is useful when you need to multiply many cells together. For example, the formula =PRODUCT(A1:A3, C1:C3) is equivalent to =A1 * A2 * A3 * C1 * C2 * C3.Syntax PRODUCT(number1, [number2], ...)The PRODUCT function syntax has the following arguments:number1: Required. The first number or range that you want to multiply. number2: Optional. Additional numbers or ranges that you want to multiply, up to a maximum of 255 arguments.

5. MEDIAN functionReturns the median of the given numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers.Syntax MEDIAN(number1, [number2], ...)The MEDIAN function syntax has the following arguments:Number1, number2: Number1 is required, subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255 numbers for which you want the median.

6. MODE functionThis function is used to calculate the statistical mode of the given numbers. It returns the element that is occurring maximum number of times.Syntax MODE(number1,[number2],...])The MODE function syntax has the following arguments:Number1: Required. The first number argument for which you want to calculate the mode.Number2: Optional. Number arguments 2 to 255 for which you want to calculate the mode. You can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of arguments separated by commas.

7. MAX functionReturns the largest value in a set of values. Syntax MAX(number1, [number2], ...)The MAX function syntax has the following arguments:Number1, number2: Number1 is required, subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value.

8. MOD functionReturns the remainder after number is divided by divisor. The result has the same sign as divisor.Syntax MOD(number, divisor)The MOD function syntax has the following arguments:Number: Required. The number for which you want to find the remainder. Divisor: Required. The number by which you want to divide number.

9. MIN functionReturns the smallest number in a set of values. Syntax MIN(number1, [number2], ...)The MIN function syntax has the following arguments:Number1, number2: Number1 is optional, subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the minimum value.

OUTPUT

10. IF functionThe IF function returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE. For example, the formula =IF(A1>10,"Over 10","10 or less") returns "Over 10" if A1 is greater than 10, and "10 or less" if A1 is less than or equal to 10.Syntax IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])The IF function syntax has the following arguments:logical_test: Required. Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.value_if_true: Optional. The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE.value_if_false: Optional. The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE

11. SQRT functionReturns a positive square root. Syntax SQRT(number)The SQRT function syntax has the following arguments:Number: Required. The number for which you want the square root.

12. LEN functionLEN returns the number of characters in a text string. Syntax LEN(text)The LEN(text) function syntax has the following arguments:Text: Required. The text whose length you want to find. Spaces count as characters.

13. POWER functionReturns the result of a number raised to a power.Syntax POWER(number, power)The POWER function syntax has the following arguments: Number: Required. The base number. It can be any real number. Power: Required. The exponent to which the base number is raised.

14. TODAY functionReturns the serial number of the current date. The serial number is the date- time code used by Excel for date and time calculations. If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel changes the cell format to Date. If you want to view the serial number, you must change the cell format to General or Number.

The TODAY function is useful when you need to have the current date displayed on a worksheet, regardless of when you open the workbook. It is also useful for calculating intervals. For example, if you know that someone was born in 1963, you might use the following formula to find that person's age as of this year's birthday: =YEAR(TODAY())-1963This formula uses the TODAY function as an argument for the YEAR function to obtain the current year, and then subtracts 1963, returning the person's age.SyntaxTODAY()The TODAY function syntax has no arguments.

15. NOW functionReturns the serial number of the current date and time. If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel changes the cell format so that it matches the date and time format of your regional settings. You can change the date and time format for the cell by using the commands in the Number group of the Home tab on the Ribbon.The NOW function is useful when you need to display the current date and time on a worksheet or calculate a value based on the current date and time, and have that value updated each time you open the worksheet.Syntax NOW()The NOW function syntax has no arguments.

16. SUMIF functionYou use the SUMIF function to sum the values in a range that meet criteria that you specify. For example, suppose that in a column that contains numbers, you want to sum only the values that are larger than 5. You can use the following formula: =SUMIF(B2:B25,">5")Syntax SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])The SUMIF function syntax has the following arguments:Range: Required. The range of cells that you want evaluated by criteria. Cells in each range must be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored.Criteria: Required. The criteria in the form of a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a function that defines which cells will be added.sum_range: Optional. The actual cells to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in the range argument. If the sum_range argument is omitted, Excel adds the cells that are specified in the range argument (the same cells to which the criteria is applied).

17. COUNTIF functionThe COUNTIF function counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion that you specify. For example, you can count all the cells that start with a certain letter, or you can count all the cells that contain a number that is larger or smaller than a number you specify. For example, suppose you have a worksheet that contains a list of tasks in column A, and the first name of the person assigned to each task in column B. You can use the COUNTIF function to count how many times a person's name appears in column B and, in that way, determine how many tasks are assigned to that person. For example:=COUNTIF(B2:B25,"Nancy") Syntax COUNTIF(range, criteria)The COUNTIF function syntax has the following arguments:Range: Required. One or more cells to count, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored.Criteria: Required. A number, expression, cell reference, or text string that defines which cells will be counted. For example, criteria can be expressed as32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32".

18. COUNTBLANK functionCounts empty cells in a specified range of cells. Syntax COUNTBLANK(range)The COUNTBLANK function syntax has the following arguments:Range: Required. The range from which you want to count the blank cells.

19. LN functionReturns the natural logarithm of a number. Natural logarithms are based on the constant e (2.71828182845904).Syntax LN(number)The LN function syntax has the following arguments:Number: Required. The positive real number for which you want the natural logarithm.

20. PI functionReturns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits.Syntax PI()The PI function syntax has no arguments.

QUESTION: Give the result of the following functions:-1. Round(1.234,2) The result is 1.23

2. Abs(-2.369)The result is 2.369.

3. Sqrt(-16)The result is invalid as the number is negative.

4. Rounddown(3.29763,3)The result is 3.297

5. oundup(7.86945,1) The result is -7.9.

QUES 3: Differentiate between Absolute & relative cell referencing with the help of suitable assignment.Absolute cell referencingIn absolute cell referencing, when you copy a formula to different cells, the cell address in the formula remains the same irrespective of where the formula in being copied.To make a cell address absolute, add a $ sign before the row and column address of the cell in the formula. For example the cell address $E$2 will remain the same in any of the cells, wherever it is copied.

Relative cell referencingRelative cell referencing, when you copy a formula to different cells, the cell addresses in the formula change accordingly to the rows where the formula is being copied.

QUESTION-4 Type the following data in MS_Excel:

ABCDE

1Name of employeeBasic Salary(Rs)DAHRATotal salary

2Ankit18000

3Ashima9000

4Raman6500

5Aman11000

The employees are paid Dearness Allowance(DA) as per the following rules:-If Basic Salary10,000 then DA is paid @ 12% of Basic SalaryThe employees are paid House Rent Allowance(HRA) as per the following rules:-All employess are paid House Rent Allowance(HRA) @12%subject to minimum amount of Rs. 5000.Write an appropriate formula in cell C2 to compute the DA,HRA in cell D2 and total salary (Basic salary+DA+HRA) in cell E2.

QUESTION 5 Type the following data in MS_Excel:

ABCD

1IncomeNo of employeesValues

25005Total income?

310007Average income?

415003

520002

i) Write formula in D2 to find out total income

ii) Write formula in D3 to find out average income of group.

iii) Insert a pie chart in the worksheet.

QUESTION-6 Given the following worksheet in MS-Excel:ABCDEFG

1Roll NoMarks in Maths (out of 100)Marks in Eng. (out of 100)Total marksAverage marks

27009887

37018779

47027080

57036569

67045655

Compute the following using appropriate functions & formulas:i) Calculate the total marks of each roll number in cell D2 to D6.

ii) Calculate the average marks of each student in cell E2 to E6.

iii) Also calculate the highest marks in maths in cell G4.

iv) Calculate the lowest marks in English in cell G3.

HTML

1. Define HTML. HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is a markup language used to create web pages. The web developer uses "HTML tags" to format different parts of the document. For example, you use HTML tags to specify headings, paragraphs, lists, tables, images and much more. HTML is a subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and is specified by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

2. .List Basic HTML Tags. Explain each tag with syntax. Tag: HTML tags contain HTML elements, and give a command to browsers to read the document as an HTML document.

Tag: TITLE tag declares a title of an HTML document.

Tag: Head tags define general information about the document, page title, meta-tags, scripts and links to follow, and other commands to browsers.

Tag:Body tags identify the content of a web page.

Tag: BOLD tag is specifying bold section within the text document.
Tag: Line Break tag is specifying
a new line Tag: CENTER tags center text, images, etc. Tag: FONT tags attribute text font, color, and size - Tag: H1 - H6 define level 1-6 headers. Tag: HR tag draws a horizontal break line. Tag: tag is specifying a paragraph and creates a new line. Tag: U tag makes an underlined text. Tag: tag is specifying italic text.3. Create a webpage with title as your name, and also insert an image and also write some content on the webpage in red color in italics. MANISH BISHT HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE RUKMANI DEVI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE STUDIES4. Create a webpage with title as your name, and also insert a table of three columns with some data and also write some content on the webpage in blue color in bold and underlined and in different sizes. MANISH BISHTTABLEDAYS123456MONDAYMEAFMDSMPOBITMBCTUESDAYMEDSBLELIBAFMMPOBWEDNESDAYBLEDSAFMITMBCMPOBTHURSDAYLIBBLEITM LABITMMPOBMEFRIDAYBLEDSMSDBCAFMME5. What are frames? How do they help in organizing contents of a web page?HTML frames allow authors to present documents in multiple views, which may be independent windows or sub windows. Multiple views offer designers a way to keep certain information visible, while other views are scrolled or replaced. For example, within the same window, one frame might display a static banner, a second a navigation menu, and a third the main document that can be scrolled through or replaced by navigating in the second frame.Using tables and frames on your Web page helps you present information to your site visitors in an organized manner. Tables are a layout tool for data tables on Web pages, but the table capability for Web pages has long been used to control the layout of the entire page.Designers make the cells of a table very large, and put large graphics or whole blocks of text in them. You can even resize tables automatically to accommodate various sizes of Web-browser windows at least up to a point.Whether and how to use tables was, for a long time, one of the most controversial topics in Web-page design.Frames are more powerful layout devices than tables, but they have fallen into disfavour. They allow separate parts of the Web-browser window to be updated and scrolled separately. However, they produce odd effects; users seem to prefer one unified window to separate panes within a window.When designing your own Web page, there are so many different elements that you have to adjust in table-based page design that you need to invest a lot of time and energy to learn how to use tables effectively for layout purposes. And then a whole other set of issues arises about making sure your table-based page design works well on most or all current computer systems and Web-browser setups that are in use.To create your own tables, you can get started by using the InsertTable command in Coffee Cup. However, you really need a more advanced tool to work effectively with tables in your Web pages something like Microsoft FrontPage or Dreamweaver, both of which give you more direct control over specific options. Of course, your other option is to start doinga lotof experimenting inHTMLuntil you learn how to get things just how you want them.Frames divide a Web page into separate areas which you can then update individually. For example, you can click a link in a frame in the bottom half of a Web page and update it with new content while the other frame stays unchanged. This seems like a powerful capability. However, frames are less popular than tables because frames are hard to create and manage. But advanced With frames, the trouble comes with the useful part; users have a hard time using framed Web pages.For example, when browsing a framed page, users sometimes have difficulty finding where the cursor is. If the user moves the scroll bar, which frame scrolls? Also, going forward and backward in a frame is different from going forward and backward in the overall Web page, so users may get lost easily. And printing a framed page properly requires extra steps.Finally, frames create a functional problem or two. When users resize a browser window, framed pages dont always resize correctly. And designing a framed page to work well for various monitor sizes is even harder than correctly designing pages with tables embedded in them.6. An HTML code to generate a webpage.HTML LIST HTML LISTUNORDERED LIST