Managing Groups and Managing Groups and TeamsTeams

SYNERGYSYNERGY

Process gains & losses within the group

DETERMINANTS OF DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE TEAMSEFFECTIVE TEAMS

Team Design Factors Internal/Process Factors

Inhibitors and Contributors

TEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGN

1. Supportive Context Upper management commitment Resources Education Information

2. Clear Direction Clearly specified end-states to be achieved Set limits/parameters Boundaries Engaging (compelling) “Stretch” for the group

3. Authority to manage the work

ANARCHYENGAGED,

GOAL-DIRECTED WORK

TURN-OFF WASTED HUMAN

RESOURCES

SPECIFY ENDS

SPECIFYMEANS

NO YES

NO

YES

TEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGN

1. Supportive Context2. Clear Compelling Direction3. Authority to manage the work—The

Means4. Enabling Structure (Membership)

Bounded Small size (ideal < 6; max 9) Skill level Right mix of skills

Technical, Problem solving/decision making, Interpersonal

Heterogeneous

PROCESS FACTORSPROCESS FACTORS

Inhibitors Loafing/

domination Individual Goals

Turf battles Role ambiguity Counter-

productive Group Norms

Unhealthy conflict Group Think

Contributors Total Participation Common Goal Specific goals/roles

Including deviant Productive norms

(EI) Cohesiveness Trust Collaboration Healthy Conflict

Building Effective Building Effective TeamsTeams

Design Supportive context (external support,

training, resources) Clear compelling direction w/authority Structure (size, skill level/mix)

Building Effective Building Effective TeamsTeams

Process Assess strengths and weaknesses Clarify roles Common Goal? Total Participation?

Causes? Appraise Individual and Group Performance Establish productivity norms (EI) Group relationships & Interactions

Foster cohesiveness, collaboration, trust; Conflict

Group cohesiveness Group cohesiveness (liking)(liking)

Cohesion leads to: Cohesion leads to: + communication, collaboration, trust+ communication, collaboration, trust + resistance+ resistance + satisfaction+ satisfaction small + in performancesmall + in performance

Greater in smaller, military, and sportsGreater in smaller, military, and sports Depends on norms Depends on norms - (highly cohesive groups

more likely to accomplish goals, but groups can choose high or low performance goals)

Other concernsOther concerns??

DEVELOP DEVELOP COHESIVENESSCOHESIVENESS

FORMING PHASE

Establishing relationshipsTesting the relationshipsFinding existing norms

STORMING PHASE

Experiencing interpersonal conflictResisting group pressureForming political coalitions

NORMING PHASE

Producing a group leaderForming new group normsDeveloping group cohesiveness

PERFORMING PHASE

Performing task-related functionsClarifying individual rolesSolidifying teamwork

FORMING PHASE

Establishing relationshipsTesting the relationshipsFinding existing norms

STORMING PHASE

Experiencing interpersonal conflictResisting group pressureForming political coalitions

NORMING PHASE

Producing a group leaderForming new group normsDeveloping group cohesiveness

PERFORMING PHASE

Performing task-related functionsClarifying individual rolesSolidifying teamwork

You need to allow these to work...

You need to create a situation where they can work...