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Managing Groups and Managing Groups and TeamsTeams
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SYNERGYSYNERGY
Process gains & losses within the group
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DETERMINANTS OF DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE TEAMSEFFECTIVE TEAMS
Team Design Factors Internal/Process Factors
Inhibitors and Contributors
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TEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGN
1. Supportive Context Upper management commitment Resources Education Information
2. Clear Direction Clearly specified end-states to be achieved Set limits/parameters Boundaries Engaging (compelling) “Stretch” for the group
3. Authority to manage the work
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ANARCHYENGAGED,
GOAL-DIRECTED WORK
TURN-OFF WASTED HUMAN
RESOURCES
SPECIFY ENDS
SPECIFYMEANS
NO YES
NO
YES
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TEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGNTEAM DESIGN
1. Supportive Context2. Clear Compelling Direction3. Authority to manage the work—The
Means4. Enabling Structure (Membership)
Bounded Small size (ideal < 6; max 9) Skill level Right mix of skills
Technical, Problem solving/decision making, Interpersonal
Heterogeneous
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PROCESS FACTORSPROCESS FACTORS
Inhibitors Loafing/
domination Individual Goals
Turf battles Role ambiguity Counter-
productive Group Norms
Unhealthy conflict Group Think
Contributors Total Participation Common Goal Specific goals/roles
Including deviant Productive norms
(EI) Cohesiveness Trust Collaboration Healthy Conflict
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Building Effective Building Effective TeamsTeams
Design Supportive context (external support,
training, resources) Clear compelling direction w/authority Structure (size, skill level/mix)
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Building Effective Building Effective TeamsTeams
Process Assess strengths and weaknesses Clarify roles Common Goal? Total Participation?
Causes? Appraise Individual and Group Performance Establish productivity norms (EI) Group relationships & Interactions
Foster cohesiveness, collaboration, trust; Conflict
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Group cohesiveness Group cohesiveness (liking)(liking)
Cohesion leads to: Cohesion leads to: + communication, collaboration, trust+ communication, collaboration, trust + resistance+ resistance + satisfaction+ satisfaction small + in performancesmall + in performance
Greater in smaller, military, and sportsGreater in smaller, military, and sports Depends on norms Depends on norms - (highly cohesive groups
more likely to accomplish goals, but groups can choose high or low performance goals)
Other concernsOther concerns??
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DEVELOP DEVELOP COHESIVENESSCOHESIVENESS
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FORMING PHASE
Establishing relationshipsTesting the relationshipsFinding existing norms
STORMING PHASE
Experiencing interpersonal conflictResisting group pressureForming political coalitions
NORMING PHASE
Producing a group leaderForming new group normsDeveloping group cohesiveness
PERFORMING PHASE
Performing task-related functionsClarifying individual rolesSolidifying teamwork
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FORMING PHASE
Establishing relationshipsTesting the relationshipsFinding existing norms
STORMING PHASE
Experiencing interpersonal conflictResisting group pressureForming political coalitions
NORMING PHASE
Producing a group leaderForming new group normsDeveloping group cohesiveness
PERFORMING PHASE
Performing task-related functionsClarifying individual rolesSolidifying teamwork
You need to allow these to work...
You need to create a situation where they can work...