efficiency gains performance gains knowledge gains
TRANSCRIPT
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Efficiency gains
Performance gains
Knowledge gains
Policies
IT
Architecture
Administration
2S Y N E R G Y
Policies
IT
Architecture
Administration
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Input
Process
Output
Storage
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Computer Literacy
hardware components
communications /networks
programming languages
software applications
Information Literacy
how to find information
how to analyze information
how to use information
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A Computer is. . .A Computer is. . .A Computer is. . .A Computer is. . .
1. An electronic device,
2. operating under the control of instructions stored
in its own memory unit,
3. that can accept data (input),
4. process data arithmetically and logically,
5. produce results (output) from the processing, and
6. store results for future use.
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Input is. . . ?Input is. . . ?Input is. . . ?Input is. . . ?
Entering data, programs, commands, and user responses into
memory
– Data - raw facts
– Programs - stored instructions that direct the computer
– Commands - keywords and phrases that direct the
computer
– User responses - responses to questions or messages
from the software
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the computer manipulates data (numbers, words, images, sounds)
. . .and organizes the data to create information that has meaning and is useful….
system behavior is determined by arithmetic and logical rules
Process is. . . ?Process is. . . ?Process is. . . ?Process is. . . ?
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Output is. . . ?Output is. . . ?Output is. . . ?Output is. . . ?
Audio output
Graphics
Reports
Video Output
Hard copy
Soft copy
Other types
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Storage is. . .?Storage is. . .?Storage is. . .?Storage is. . .?
Area for storing instructions and data when they are not in use. . .
Often function as an input source
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Categories of Computers
personal computers
servers
minicomputers
mainframe computers
supercomputers
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Physical Transmission MediaWireless Transmission Media
Networks
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How Communications are UsedHow Communications are UsedHow Communications are UsedHow Communications are Used
• Electronic mail (e-mail)
• Voice mail
• Facsimile (fax)
• Telecommuting
• Videoconferencing
General Concepts - Communications
• Electronic data interchange
• Global Positioning Systems
• Online Services
• Groupware
• Bulletin Board Systems
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Physical Transmission Media
Twisted-pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
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Twisted pair
inexpensive
well understood
easy to add nodes
sensitive to noise
distance limitations
security limited
limited bandwidth
premises wiring for LANS
local loop of phone system
Coax
high bandwidth
long distances
noise immunity
burdensome
limited security
television
used in Ethernet systems
Fiber
very high bandwidth
noise immunity
very long distances
small size
expense
maintenance
network backbones
Media
adv
disadv
typical apps
Physical Transmission Media
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Wireless Transmission Media
Broadcast Radio
Cellular Radio
Microwaves
Communications Satellite
Infrared
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temporaryconnection
dedicated (leased)connection
Up to 24 signals
Up to 672 signals
3 to 24 signals
asymmetric
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Networks
Local Area Networks
Wide Area Networks
Intranets
Internet
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file server database server web server
print server e-mail server firewall server
Client Server
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Internet
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Productivity/business
Graphic design/multimedia
Home/personal/education
Communications
application software programs are designed
to perform a specific task
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Enterprise Systems
Workflow Systems
Document Management Systems
Data Warehouse Systems
Geographic Information Systems
Electronic Government
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Enterprise Systems
Short for enterprise resource planning, a business
management system that integrates all facets of the
business, including planning, manufacturing, sales,
and marketing. As the ERP methodology has
become more popular, software applications have
emerged to help business managers implement
ERP.
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Workflow Systems
The defined series of tasks within an organization to produce a
final outcome. Sophisticated work flow applications allow you to
define different workflows for different types of jobs.
So, for example, in a publishing setting, a document might be
automatically routed from writer to editor to proofreader to
production. At each stage in the workflow, one individual or
group is responsible for a specific task. Once the task is
complete, the workflow software ensures that the individuals
responsible for the next task are notified and receive the data
they need to execute their stage of the process.
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Document Management Systems
•Version tracking: see how a document evolves over time
•Document sharing: see in what business processes the document is used
and re-used
•Electronic review: enable users to add their comments to a document
without actually changing the document itself
•Document security: refine the different types of access that different users
need to the document
•Publishing management: control the delivery of documents to different
publishing process queues
•Workflow integration: associate the different stages of a document's life-
cycle with people and projects with schedules
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Data Warehouse Systems
Extremely large database that stores and manages the data
required to analyze historical and current business information
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Geographic Information Systems
Portray data in a graphical / spatial
context
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E-Government Defined
Government’s use of technology, particularly web-based Internet applications, to enhance access to and
delivery of, government services to citizens, business partners, employees, and other governmental
agencies.
G2G, G2B, G2C, G2E
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Software Applications
• Web browser software
• Web server software
• Firewall
• Transaction server software
• Electronic payment systems
• Commerce server software
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Web Browser Software
• Allows citizens to connect with servers
• Access any number of web pages
• Follow links from document to document or page to page
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Web Server Software
• Allows citizens to request information
• Serves up the web pages as requested
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Firewall Server Software
• Controls the flow of traffic between two or more networks
• Can protect against viruses, intrusions, unauthorized
system access
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Transaction Server Software
• On-line transaction processing (OLTP) software
• Processes data according to the rules established by an
organization
• Programs that tell the database server how to handle the
data
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Electronic Payment Systems
• Collect fees and levy taxes for services
• Must be safe, secure, and confidential
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Commerce Server Software
• Allows citizens to easily conduct one or more transactions in one visit
• Features include:
– Shopping carts
– Shipping charges
– Taxes
– Payments & receipts
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Scalability - the system should be capable of handling an increasing numbers of users without any disruption to service.
Flexibility – the system must provide a broadly configurable array of hardware and software devices that do not require major re-installations as enterprise
requirements change.
Compatibility - the system must meet expandable configuration requirements as well as standard industry specifications to protect future application investment.
Manageability – the system should not demand excessive management time and effort for maintaining on-line operations.
Availability - the system must be capable of sustaining tens to hundreds of thousands of processing transactions with minimal wait time or downtime.
Metrics. . .Metrics. . .Metrics. . .Metrics. . .
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Computers - Male or Female?
A language instructor was explaining to her class that French
nouns, unlike their English counterparts, are grammatically
designated as masculine or feminine. Things like 'chalk' or
'pencil,' she described, would have a gender association
although in English these words were neutral. Puzzled, one
student raised his hand and asked, "What gender is a
computer?" The teacher wasn't certain which it was, and so
divided the class into two groups and asked them to decide if
a computer should be masculine or feminine. One group was
comprised of the women in the class, and the other, of men.
Both groups were asked to give four reasons for their
recommendation.