mallikadevisutta nidanakatha (8.12.05)dhammadownload.com/file-library/paauk/paauksayadawgyi... ·...

tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf(rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf)(rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf)(rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf)(rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf)(rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf)

zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf

oAÁ'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd?

oAÁ&oH "r®&aom Zdemwd/

oAÁ&wð "r®&wd Zdemwd?

wPSu©a,m oAÁ'ku©H Zdemwd/

'getm;vkH;udk "r®'geu atmifEdkif\/

t&omtm;vkH;udk w&m;t&omu atmifEdkif\/

arGUavsmfzG,ftm;vkH;udk w&m;ü arGUavsmfjcif;u atmifEdkif\/

'ku©tm;vkH;udk wPSmukefjcif;u atmifEdkif\/

pd&H wd|wk o'¨ar®m? "ar® a[mEÅ K o*g&0g/

bk&m;&Sif\ tqHk;tr omoemawmfonf

t"GefY&SnfpGm wnfygapownf;/

o'¨r®oHk;jzmü ½kdaoav;pm;jcif; &SdMuygapukefownf;/

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum

taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

ed'geuxm ................................ 1pdwf - pdwf - pdwf . . . ....................... 2'kwd,AvÓPfawmf........................... 7(u) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}} .............. 7( c ) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}} .............. 8( * ) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}} .............. 9(C) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}} ............. 10orÜwådESifh 0dywåd ............................. 11

(u) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(u) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(u) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(u) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(u) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; ........................................................................................................................ 14trSwf (1)uH - ]]*wdorÜwådü wnfaeol}} ............. 14trSwf (2)uH - ]]Oy"dorÜwådü wnfaeol}}............. 16omra'0D ................................ 18trSwf (3)uH - ]]umvorÜwådü wnfaeol}} ........... 20trSwf (4)uH - ]]ya,m*orÜwådü wnfaeol}} .......... 21

(c) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(c) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(c) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(c) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(c) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; ............................................................................................................................. 25trSwf (1)uH - ]]*wdd0dywådü wnfaeol}} ............. 25"r®½kpdrax&f .............................. 27(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (2)uH - ]]Oy"d0dywådü wnfaeol}} ..... 34(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (3)uH - ]]umv0dywådü wnfaeol}} .... 36(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (4)uH - ]]ya,m*0dywådü wnfaeol}} ... 38acwå&yfem;í pOf;pm;Munfhyg .................... 40

(*) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(*) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(*) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(*) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(*) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; ............................................................................................................................. 47(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (1)uH - ]]*wd0dywådü wnfae&ol}} ..... 47

] uuuuu


ccccc ] tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)

(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (2)uH - ]]Oy"d0dywådü wnfae&ol}} .... 48(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (3)uH - ]]umv0dywådü wnfae&ol}} ... 50(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (4)uH - ]]ya,m*0dywådü wnfaeol}} ... 52

(C) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(C) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(C) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(C) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd;(C) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; ........................................................................................................................ 56(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (1)uH - ]]*wdorÜwådü wnfae&ol}}.... 56(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (2)uH - ]]Oy"dorÜwådü wnfaeol}} .... 57(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (3)uH - ]]umvorÜwådü wnfaeol}} ... 60(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (4)uH -]]ya,m*orÜwådü wnfaeol}}... 63t&SifplVok"r®rax&fjrwfBuD; ..................... 65

tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf ....................69rvd’uma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf ............... 69rvd’umrdzk&m; bk&m;&SifxHodkY csOf;uyfjcif; ............. 70trSwf (1)ar;cGef; ........................... 72trSwf (2)ar;cGef; ........................... 74trSwf (3)ar;cGef; ........................... 76trSwf (4)ar;cGef; ........................... 78

trSwf (1)ar;cGef;\ tajztrSwf (1)ar;cGef;\ tajztrSwf (1)ar;cGef;\ tajztrSwf (1)ar;cGef;\ tajztrSwf (1)ar;cGef;\ tajz(u) a'goBuD;jcif; ........................... 79( c ) ray;vSLjcif; ........................... 82( * ) £ómxlajymjcif; ........................ 83½kyftqif;rvSjcif;ç qif;&Jjcif;ç ta>ct&Henf;yg;jcif; ...... 84orÜwdåav;yg; - 0dywdåav;yg; .................... 86

trSwf (2)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (2)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (2)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (2)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (2)ar;cGef; tajz ....................... 98

trSwf (3)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (3)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (3)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (3)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (3)ar;cGef; tajz .............................................................................................................. 103


rmwdum rmwdum rmwdum rmwdum rmwdum ] *****

trSwf (4)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (4)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (4)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (4)ar;cGef; tajztrSwf (4)ar;cGef; tajz ..................... 115]]a'gorBuD;jcif; = arwåm"mwftm;aumif;jcif;}} ........ 115tvSL'ge jyKusifhjcif; ......................... 117ukd,fhxufom remvdkwJhpdwfxm; r&Sdjcif; ............. 118rvd’umrdzk&m;\ jyefvnfavQmufxm;csuf ........... 121rvd’um\ cH0efcsuf (3)ck ...................... 127trSwf (1)cH0efcsuf ......................... 127trSwf (2)cH0efcsuf ......................... 129trSwf (3)cH0efcsuf ......................... 129rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; ................. 134

ed'geuxmed'geuxmed'geuxmed'geuxmed'geuxm ! 11111

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

ed'geuxm

,m'doH 0yaw ADZH? wm'doH [&aw zvH/,m'doH 0yaw ADZH? wm'doH [&aw zvH/,m'doH 0yaw ADZH? wm'doH [&aw zvH/,m'doH 0yaw ADZH? wm'doH [&aw zvH/,m'doH 0yaw ADZH? wm'doH [&aw zvH/

uvsmPum&D uvsmPH? ygyum&D p ygyuH/ uvsmPum&D uvsmPH? ygyum&D p ygyuH/ uvsmPum&D uvsmPH? ygyum&D p ygyuH/ uvsmPum&D uvsmPH? ygyum&D p ygyuH/ uvsmPum&D uvsmPH? ygyum&D p ygyuH/ (oH?1?229??)

,m'doH ,m'doH ,m'doH ,m'doH ,m'doH = tMuifuJhodkY ½Ityfaom oabm&Sdaom/ AAAAADZH DZH DZH DZH DZH = rsKd;aphudk/

0yaw0yaw0yaw0yaw0yaw = MuJcspdkufysKd;jim;tHh/ wm'doHwm'doHwm'doHwm'doHwm'doH = xkduJhodkY ½Ityfaom oabm

&Sdaom/ zvHzvHzvHzvHzvH = toD;udk/ [&aw[&aw[&aw[&aw[&aw = aqmifEkdif\/ uvsmPumuvsmPumuvsmPumuvsmPumuvsmPum&&&&&DD DD D =

aumif;aomtrIudk jyKavh&Sdolonf/ uvsmPuvsmPuvsmPuvsmPuvsmPH = aumif;aomtusKd;udk/

vbawvbawvbawvbawvbaw = &&Sd\/ ygyumygyumygyumygyumygyum&&&&&D pD pD pD pD p = raumif;rIudk jyKavh&Sdolonfvnf;/

ygyuH ygyuH ygyuH ygyuH ygyuH = raumif;aom tusKd;udk/ vbawvbawvbawvbawvbaw = &&Sd\/

wrmaphç oyGwfcg;aphpwJh rsKd;aphawG[m csKdNrdefaumif;jrwfwJh

t&om&SdwJh toD;udk rjzpfapEkdifMuukef/ rom,mtyfonfomvQif

jzpfwJhç rcsKdqdrfhonfomvQifjzpfwJh toD;udkomç tvGefcg;wJh t&om

&SdwJh toD;udkom jzpfapEkdifMuw,f? oD;apEkdifMuw,f/

þOyrmtwl um,'kp½kduftp&SdwJh 'kp½kduftrsKd;rsKd;awGç raumif;

npfqkd;onfh tukokdvfw&m; trsKd;rsKd;awG[m csKdNrdefaumif;jrwfwJh

t&om&SdwJh toD;ESifhwlwJh aumif;usKd;csrf;om r*Fvmtjzmjzmudk rjzpf-

apEkdifMuukef/ rcsKdqdrfhwJh t&omç cg;wJh t&omESifh wlnDonfomvQif

jzpfwJhç raumif;qif;&JwJh tusKd;w&m;awGudkom jzpfapEkdifMuw,f/

22222 ! tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)

aemufwpfrsKd;um; - MuHrsKd;aphç oav;rsKd;aph tp&SdwJh rsKd;aphawG[m

csKdNrdefwJh t&om&SdonfomvQifjzpfwJhç aumif;wJh t&om&Sdonfom-

vQifjzpfwJh toD;udkom jzpfapMuukefouJhodkYç rom,mtyfwJh cg;pyfwJh

t&om&SdwJh toD;udk rjzpfapMuukefouJhodkY þOyrmtwlomvQif

um,okp½kduf tp&SdwJh okp½dkufw&m;awG orx-0dyóem tp&SdwJh

ukodkvfw&m;awG[m csKdNrdefaumif;jrwfonfomvQifjzpfwJh vlç ewfç

edAÁmef okH;wefaom csrf;omqkdwJh aumif;usKd;csrf;om r*Fvmtjzmjzmudk

jzpfapMuukefw,f/ rcsKdqdrfhwJh t&omç cg;pyfwJh t&omESifh wlnDaewJh

raumif;qif;&JwJh tusKd;w&m;awGudk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfapEkdif-

Muukef/ (tbd?|?2?419/)

þoabmw&m;udk vG,fulpGm ydkrkdeuf½dIif;pGm em;vnfoabm-

aygufEkdifa&;twGuf pdwpdwpdwpdwpdwff ff f -----taMumif;ESifh orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4)))))yg;ç 0dywåd (4yg;ç 0dywåd (4yg;ç 0dywåd (4yg;ç 0dywåd (4yg;ç 0dywåd (4)))))yg;yg;yg;yg;yg;

taMumif;wdkYudk qufvuf wifjytyfygw,f/

pdwf - pdwf - pdwf . . .

wpfcsdefwGif temxydPf ausmif;'g,umBuD;u jrwfpGmbk&m;xHokdY

csOf;uyfcJhygw,f/ bk&m;&Siftm; ½kdaoav;jrwfpGm &Sdcdk;0wfjyKNyD;aemuf

oifhwifhavsmufywfwJh wpfae&mrSm xkdifaewJh temxydPf ausmif;-

'g,umBuD;udk bk&m;&Sifu atmufygtwdkif; rdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/

]]'g,um ... pdwfudk &m*-a'go (= cspfjcif; rkef;jcif;) ponfwdkY

rjzpfatmif rapmifha&Smuftyfonf&Sdaomf um,uHudkvnf; apmifh-

a&Smufonf rrnf/ 0pDuHudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/ raemuH

udkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/ um,uHudk rapmifha&Smufol\

um,uHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/ 0pDuHudk rapmifh-

a&Smufol\ 0pDuHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/ raemuHudk

rapmifha&Smufol\ raemuHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/


udavomrkd;a&jzifh xm0pOf pdkpGwfvsuf&Sdaom um,uH 0pDuH

raemuH &Sdol\ um,uHonfvnf; aqG;jrnhfysufpD;\/ 0pDuHonf-

vnf; aqG;jrnhfysufpD;\/ aqG;jrnfhysufpD;aom um,uH 0pDuH raemuH

&dSoltm; aumif;aom aojcif;onf rjzpfEkdif/ aumif;aom uG,fvGef-

jcif;onf rjzpfEkdif/

'g,um ...txGwfwyfxm;aomtdrfudk aumif;pGm rkd;rxm;-

vQif txGwfudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/ tjcifwdkYudkvnf; apmifh-

a&Smufonf rrnfukef/ eH&Hudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/ txGwf

onfvnf; rkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/ tjcifwdkYonfvnf; rkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf-

ukef\/ eH&Honfvnf; rkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/ txGwfonfvnf; aqG;jrnfh

ysufpD;\/ tjcifwdkYonfvnf; aqG;jrnfhysufpD;ukef\/ eH&Honfvnf;

aqG;jrnfhysufpD;\/

'g,um ...þOyrmtwlyifvQif pdwfudk &m*-a'go (= cspfjcif;

rkef;jcif;) ponfwdkY rjzpfatmif rapmifha&SmuftyfvQif um,uHukd-

vnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/ 0pDuHukdvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/

raemuHukdvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rrnf/ um,uHukd rapmifha&Smuf

ol\ um,uHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/ 0pDuHudk rapmifh

a&Smufol\ 0pDuHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/ raemuHudk

rapmifha&Smufol\ raemuHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwf\/

udavomrkd;a&jzifh pdkpGwfaom um,uH 0pDuH raemuH &Sdol\

um,uHonfvnf; aqG;jrnfhysufpD;\/ 0pDuHonfvnf; aqG;jrnfh

ysufpD;\/ raemuHonfvnf; aqG;jrnfhysufpD;\/ aqG;jrnfhysufpD;aom

um,uH 0pDuH raemuH&Sdoltm; aumif;aom aojcif;onf rjzpfEkdif/

aumif;aom uG,fvGefjcif;onf rjzpfEkdif/

'g,um ...pdwfudk cspfjcif; rkef;jcif; ponfwkdY rjzpfatmif apmifh-

a&Smuftyfonf&Sdaomf um,uHudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/


0pDuHudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/ raemuHudkvnf; apmihfa&Smuf-

onf rnf\/ um,uHudk apmifha&Smufol\ um,uHonfvnf;

udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/ 0pDuHudk apmifha&Smufol\ 0pDuHonfvnf;

udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/ raemuHudk apmifha&Smufol\ raemuH

onfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/

udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwfaom um,uH 0pDuH raemuH &Sdol\

um,uHonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh rysufpD;/ 0pDuHonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh

rysufpD;/ raemuHonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh rysufpD;/ raqG;jrnfhaom

um,uH 0pDuH raemuH&Sdoltm; aumif;aom aojcif;onf jzpfEkdif\/

aumif;aom uG,fvGefjcif;onf jzpfEkdif\/

'g,um ...txGwfwyfxm;aom tdrfudk aumif;pGm rdk;xm;vQif

txGwfudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/ tjcifwdkYudkvnf; apmifh-

a&Smufonf rnfukef\/ eH&Hudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/ txGwf

onfvnf; rkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/ tjcifwdkYonfvnf; rkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwfukef/

eH&Honfvnf; rkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/ txGwfonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh rysuf-

pD;/ tjcifwkdYonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh rysufpD;ukef/ eH&Honfvnf; raqG;-

jrnfh rysufpD;ay/

'g,um ... þOyrmtwlomvQif pdwfudk cspfjcif; rkef;jcif;

ponfwkdY rjzpfatmif apmifha&Smuftyfonf&Sdaomf um,uHudkvnf;

apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/ 0pDuHudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/

raemuHudkvnf; apmifha&Smufonf rnf\/ um,uHudk apmihfa&Smuf-

ol\ um,uHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/ 0pDuHudk apmifh-

a&Smufol\ 0pDuHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/ raemuHudk

apmifha&Smufol\ raemuHonfvnf; udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwf/

udavomrkd;a&jzifh rpdkpGwfaom um,uH 0pDuH raemuH&Sdol\

um,uHonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh rysufpD;/ 0pDuHonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh


rysufpD;/ raemuHonfvnf; raqG;jrnfh rysufpD;/ raqG;jrnfh rysufpD;-

aom um,uH 0pDuH raemuH&Sdoltm; aumif;aom aojcif;onf

jzpfEkdif\/ aumif;aom uG,fvGefjcif;onf jzpfEkdif\/ (tH?1?264-265/)

t*kFwå&edum, {uuedygwf tur®ed,0*ftur®ed,0*ftur®ed,0*ftur®ed,0*ftur®ed,0*fwGifvnf; bk&m;&Sifu

þodkY a[mMum;xm;awmfrljyefw,f ---

&[ef;wdkY ...orx-0dyóembm0em\ tpGrf;jzifh ryGm;rsm;-

xm;tyfao;aom rjzpfaptyfao;aomç oHo&m0#fqif;&Jü tusKH;-

0ifaom þpdwfonf 0dyóem\ tajccHtaMumif;&if;jzpfaom yg'u

psmefç 0dyóemÓPfç r*fÓPfç zdkvfÓPfç edAÁmefwdkYodkY a&mufatmif

jyKjyifjcif;iSm roifhavsmf rvG,fulouJhodkY þtwl jyKjyifjcif;iSm

roifhavsmf rvG,fulaom tjcm;wpfckaom w&m;udkrQvnf; igbk&m;

jrifawmfrrl/ &[ef;wdkY ...orx-0dyóembm0em\ tpGrf;jzifh ryGm;-

rsm;xm;tyfao;aom pdwfonf jyKjyifjcif;iSm roifhavsmf rvG,ful/

(tH?1?4/)

&[ef;wdkY ...orx-0dyóembm0em\ tpGrf;jzifh yGm;rsm;tyf-

NyD;aom þpdwfonf jyKjyifjcif;iSm oifhavsmfvG,fulouJhodkY þtwl

jyKjyifjcif;iSm oifhavsmfvG,fulaom tjcm;wpfckaom w&m;udkrQvnf;

igbk&m; jrifawmfrrl/ &[ef;wdkY ... orx-0dyóembm0em\

tpGrf;jzifh yGm;rsm;xm;tyfNyD;aom pdwfonf jyKjyifjcif;iSm oifhavsmf

vG,ful\/ (tH?1?4/)

&[ef;wdkY ...orx-0dyóembm0em\ tpGrf;jzifh ryGm;rsm;-

xm;tyfao;aom (= tzefzef txyfxyf tavhtvm rjyKtyfao;-

aom) xif&Sm;rjzpfay:ao;aom þpdwfonf rsm;pGm tusKd;rJhjcif;iSm

jzpfouJhodkY (= qif;&J'ku©udk aqmifouJhokdY) þtwl rsm;pGm tusKd;rJh-

jcif;iSmjzpfaom (= qif;&J'ku©udkaqmifaom) tjcm;wpfckaom

w&m;udkrQvnf; igbk&m; jrifawmfrrl/ &[ef;wdkY ... orx-0dyóem


bm0em\ tpGrf;jzifh ryGm;rsm;xm;tyfao;aom þpdwfonf rsm;pGm

tusKd;rJhjcif;iSm jzpf\ (= qif;&J'ku©udk aqmif\)/

&[ef;wdkY...orx-0dyóembm0em\ tpGrf;jzifh yGm;rsm;-

xm;tyfNyD;aom (= tzefzeftxyfxyf tavhtvm jyKtyfNyD;aom)

xif&Sm;jzpfay:NyD;aom þpdwfonf rsm;pGm tusKd;&Sd jcif;iSm jzpfouJhodkY

(= csrf;omokcudk aqmifouJhodkY) þtwl rsm;pGm tusKd;&Sdjcif;iSm

jzpfaom (= csrf;omokcudkaqmifaom) tjcm;wpfckaom w&m;udkrQ-

vnf; igbk&m; jrifawmfrrl/ &[ef;wdkY ...orx-0dyóembm0em\

tpGrf;jzifh yGm;rsm;xm;tyfNyD;aom tzefzef txyfxyf tavhtvm

jyKtyfNyD;aom pdwfonf rsm;pGm tusKd;&Sd jcif;iSm jzpf\ (= csrf;omokcudk

aqmif\)/ (tH?1?5/)

þuJhodkY pGrf;tif tjynfht0&SdwJh pdwfonfum; b0opfudk jzpf-

ay:vmatmif jyKjyifay;jcif;iSm pGrf;tm;&SdwJh odkYr[kwf edAÁmefodkYa&muf-

atmif ydkYaqmifay;jcif;iSm pGrf;tm;&SdwJh tbdocFg&0dnmPf odkYr[kwf

ur®0dnmPf[k ac:qdktyfwJhpdwfyif jzpfw,f/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf tbd-

ocFg&0dnmPf odkYr[kwf ur®0dnmPf OD;aqmifaeonfh pdwfç apwoduf

w&m;pkwdkYyif jzpfMuw,f/

odkYaomf ,if;pdwf apwoduf w&m;pkwdkYum; tedpöw&m; tpktykH

wdkYom jzpfjcif;aMumifh ocFww&m;wdkY\ xkH;wrf;pOfvm "r®wmtwdkif;

jzpfNyD;u ysuf½kd;"r®wm &Sd MuaomaMumifh jzpfNyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf-

wnf; ysufpD;oGm;Muw,f? csKyfysufoGm;Muw,f/

odkYaomf ,if;ocFg&w&m;wkdYonfum; csKyfysufNyD;aemuf pGrf;tif

ur®owåd wpfpkHwpf&m rxm;cJhbJ csKyfysufoGm;Muonfum; r[kwfMu-

ay/ aemifwpfcsdef0,f t0dZÆm-wPSm-Oyg'gefwdkYtay: tajcwnfí

(= qkawmif;yefxGmxm;onfhtwdkif;) b0opf[lonfh cE¨mig;yg; ½kyf

emrfw&m;wdkYudk jzpfapEkdifonfh pGrf;tifur®owådudk ½kyfemrftpOfwGif


jr§KyfESHNyD;rSomvQif csKyfysufoGm;Muw,f/ ,if;pGrf;tif ur®owådudkyif

uH[kac:qdkayw,f/

,if;uHonfum; ukodkvfuHESifh tukodkvfuH[k ESpfrsKd;&Sd&m ukodkvf

uHonf orÜwådav;yg;udk trSD&ygrSç tukodkvfuHuvnf; 0dywådav;yg;-

udk trSD&ygrS tusKd;ay;EkdifonfhpGrf;tm; &Sdayw,f/ odkYtwGuf ,if;

orÜwå dav;yg;ESifh 0dywådav;yg;wdkYudkvnf; uHwdkY\ tusKd;ay;ykHudk

oabmaygufem;vnf&ef odxm;oifhygw,f/ ,if;orÜwådç 0dywåd

taMumif;w&m;wdkYudk qufvufum wifjyygrnf/ bk&m;&Sifonf 0dbif;

ygVdawmf0,f ÓP0dbif;ü ÓPfawmf trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk a[mMum;awmfrl

cJhygw,f/ ,if;ÓPfawmf trsKd;rsKd;wdkYwGif 'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf[m-

vnf; wpfcktygt0if jzpfygw,f/ ,if;'kwd,AvÓPfawmfudk a&S;OD;-

pGm wifjyaytHh ---

'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf

(u) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}(u) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}(u) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}(u) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}(u) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}

(u) xkdÓPfwdkYwGif tb,fÓPfonf twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜef

jzpfukefaom aqmufwnfxm;tyfaom uHwdkY\ [kwfrSefaom

taMumif;tm;jzifh jzpfay:vmaom tusKd;0dygufudk razmufrjyef

[kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odaomÓPfonf jzpfavoenf;¿ þavmuü

bk&m;&Sifonf ,if;oabmw&m;wdkYudk [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm uGJuGJ

jym;jym; odawmfrl\/

1/ tcsKdUukefaom ,kwfrmukefaom aqmufwnfxm;tyfukefaom

( = jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;cJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf

vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfuJhodkYaom aumif;aom jynfhpkHaom

*wdonf (= *wdorÜwdåonf) wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukefvwf-


aomf tusKd;ray;ukef? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf vSy-

aom ½kyftqif;wnf;[laom jynhfpkHaomOy"donf (= Oy"dorÜwdå

onf) wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukefvwfaomf tusKd;ray;ukef?

xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf rif;-

aumif; rif;jrwfç olawmfaumif; olawmfjrwfwdkY\ jzpfxGef;

ay:aygufawmfrl&mumv[laom jynfhpkHaomumvonf (=umv

orÜwdåonf wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukefvwfaomf tusKd;

ray;ukef? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


( = jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom ) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf

aumif;aom vkHYvya,m* = aumif;aom BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;

(= oDv-orm"d-ynmusifhpOfwdkYudk usifhjcif;)[laom jynfhpkHaom

ya,m*onf (= ya,m*orÜwdåonf) wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpf-

ukefvwfaomf tusKd;ray;ukef? xkduHrsKd;wkdYonf &Sd Muukef\/

(tbd?2?351/)

(c) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}


( = jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf tyg,f

av;bkHwnf;[laom ysufpD;aom*wdodkY (= *wd0dywdåodkY) a&S;½I-

a&mufí ysufpD;aom*wdudk (= *wd0dywdåudk) tpGJjyKí tusKd;

ay;Muukef\? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/



(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf rvSy-

aom ½kyftqif;wnf;[laom Oy"dodkY (= Oy"d0dywdåodkY) a&S;½I

a&mufí ysufpD;aomOy"dudk (= Oy"d0dywdåudk) tpGJjyKí tusKd;

ay;Muukef\? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


( = jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom ) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf

raumif;aom rif;ç raumif;aom vlwdkY\ umv[laom ysufpD;-

aomumvodkY (= umv0dywdåodkY) a&S;½Ia&mufí ysufpD;aom

umvudk (= umv0dywdåudk) tpGJjyKí tusKd;ay;Muukef\/ xkduHrsKd;

wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuiftukodkvfuHwdkYonf vkHYv-

ya,m* csKdUwJhjcif;[laom ysufpD;aom ya,m*odkY (= ya,m*

0dywdåodkY) a&S;½Ia&mufí ysufpD;aom ya,m*udk (= ya,m*0dywdå-

udk) tpGJjyKí tusKd;ay;Muukef\? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/

(tbd?2?351/)

(*) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}

1/ tcsKdUukefaom aumif;ukefaom aqmufwnfxm;tyfukefaom

(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf tyg,f

av;bkHwnf;[laom ysufpD;aom*wdonf (= *wd0dywdåonf)

wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukefvwfaomf tusKd;ray;ukef? xkduH-

rsKd;onf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf rvSy-


aom ½kyftqif;wnf;[laom Oy"donf (= Oy"d0dywdåonf)

wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukefvwfaomf tusKd;ray;ukef? xkduH-

rsKd;onf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf raumif;-

aomrif;ç raumif;aom vlwdkY\ umvwnf;[laom ysufpD;aom

umvonf (= umv0dywdåonf) wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukef-

vwfaomf tusKd;ray;ukef? xkduHrsKd;onf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf vkHYv-

ya,m*csKdUwJhjcif;[laom ysufpD;aom ya,m*onf (= ya,m*

0dywdåonf) wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfukefvwfaomf tusKd;ray;-

ukef? xkduHrsKd;onf &Sd Muukef\/ (tbd?2?351/)

(C) tkyfpk - ]]trSwf (1-2-3-4) uHrsm;}}


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf vlUjynfç

ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfuJhodkYaom aumif;aom jynfhpkHaom*wdokdY

(= *wdorÜwdåodkY) a&S;½Ia&mufí jynhfpkHaom*wdudk (= *wdorÜwåd-

udk) tpGJjyKí tusKd;ay;Muukef\? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf vSyaom

½kyftqif;wnf;[laom jynhfpkHaomOy"dodkY (= Oy"dorÜwdåodkY)

a&S;½Ia&mufí jynfhpkHaomOy"dudk (= Oy"dorÜwdåudk) tpGJjyKí

tusKd;ay;Muukef\? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/



(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf rif;-

aumif; rif;jrwfç olawmf oljrwfwdkY\ jzpfxGef;ay:ayguf&mumv

wnf;[laom jynfhpkHaomumvodkY (= umvorÜwdåodkY) a&S;½I

a&mufí jynfhpkHaomumvudk (= umvorÜwdåudk) tpGJjyKí

tusKd;ay;Muukef\? xkduHrsKd;wdkYonf &Sd Muukef\/


(= jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhNyD;ukefaom) tMuifukodkvfuHwdkYonf aumif;-

aomvkHYvya,m* (= aumif;aom BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;)[laom

jynhfpkHaom ya,m*odkY ( = ya,m*orÜwdåodkY ) a&S;½Ia&mufí

jynfhpkHaomya,m*udk (= ya,m*orÜwdåudk) tpGJjyKí tusKd;ay;

Muukef\/ xkduHrsKd;wdk Yonf &Sd Muukef\/ (tbd?2?351-352/)

xkdÓPfwdkYwGif þqdktyfNyD;aom tMuifynmonfç tMuif uGJuGJ

jym;jym; odjcif;onfç / y / tMuiftrSefw&m;udk rawGra0odjcif;

tarm[onfç tMuif"r®udk pl;prf;qifjcifjcif; "r®0dp,onfç tMuif

trSefopömw&m;udk odjrifwwfaom or®m'd|donf &Sd\/ þor®m'd|d-

onf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefjzpfukefaom aqmufwnfxm;tyf-

ukefaom uHwdkY\ [kwfrSefaom taMumif;tm;jzifh jzpfay:vmaom

tusKd;0dygufudk razmufrjyef [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odaomÓPfonf

'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmfwnf;/ (tbd?2?352/)

orÜwåd ESifh 0dywåd

þae&mrSm tcgtcGifh oifhaewJhtwGuf orÜwåd (4)yg;ç 0dywåd

(4)yg;wdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh uHawG\ tusKd;ay;ykHtydkif;udkyg xyfNyD;

&Sif;vif; wifjytyfygw,f/


txufyg tbd"r®m0dbif;ygVdawmf (tbd?2?351/)rSm bk&m;&Sif&JU

'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmf'kwd,AvÓPfawmfqdkwm vm&Sdygw,f/ 'DÓPfawmfuawmh owå0g-

awG aqmufwnfxm;wJh jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wJh twdwfuHç ypöKyÜefuHç

tem*wfuHqdkwJh uHawGeJY ywfoufvdkY b,fvdkuHawGu b,fvdktusKd;-

w&m;awGudk [kwfrSefwJhtwkdif; tusKd;ay;w,fqdkwJh taMumif;t&m-

awGudk [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm odawmfrlwJhÓPfawmfjrwf jzpfygw,f/ ,if;

uHawGtaMumif;udk ]]u-c-*-C}} tkyfpkav;ck cGJNyD;awmh &Sif;jyygr,f/

a&S;OD;pGm orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4orÜwåd (4)))))yg;ESifh 0dywåd (4yg;ESifh 0dywåd (4yg;ESifh 0dywåd (4yg;ESifh 0dywåd (4yg;ESifh 0dywåd (4)))))yg;yg;yg;yg;yg;taMumif;udk enf;enf; &Sif;jy-

r,f/

1/ vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfqdkwJh jynfhpkHwJh *wdawGudk *wdo*wdo*wdo*wdo*wdorrrrrÜwådÜwådÜwådÜwådÜwåd-

vdkY ac:w,f/ tyg,fav;bkHqkdwJh *wdudkawmh azmufjyef ysufpD;-

aewJh *wdjzpfvdkY *wd0dywåd*wd0dywåd*wd0dywåd*wd0dywåd*wd0dywådvdkY ac:w,f/

2/ ½kyftqif; vSywifhw,fjcif;qdkwJh cE¨mudk,ftwåabmESifh jynfhpkH

jcif;udk Oy"dorÜwådOy"dorÜwådOy"dorÜwådOy"dorÜwådOy"dorÜwådvdkYac:w,f/ ½kyftqif; rvSryESifh tusnf;wef

t½kyfqkd;aewJh ,kwfnhHwJh cE¨mudk,ftwåabmESifh jynfhpkHaewm-

udkawmh Oy"d0dywådOy"d0dywådOy"d0dywådOy"d0dywådOy"d0dywådvdkY ac:w,f/

3/ r[mok'óepMumrif;pwJh rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwkdY ay:xGef;&m

umvç bk&m;tp&SdwJh olawmfoljrwfwdkY yGifhxGef;ay:ayguf&m

tcsdefumvudkawmh jynfhpk HwJhumvjzpfvdk Y umvorÜwådumvorÜwådumvorÜwådumvorÜwådumvorÜwådvdkY

ac:w,f/ raumif;wJhrif;ç raumif;wJhvlç raumif;wJh 'kp½dkuf-

orm;awG aygrsm;aewJh acwfumvawGudkawmh ysufpD;aewJh

umvawGjzpfvdkY umv0dywådumv0dywådumv0dywådumv0dywådumv0dywådvdkY ac:qdkw,f/

tqdk;qkH;umv0dywåd tcsdefumvuawmh q,fESpfwrf; tcsdef-

umvjzpfw,f/ vlwdkYpm;okH;&wJh tpmtm[m&awGrSm tqDtap;

MoZm"mwfawGu tvGefYtvGef enf;yg;aewJhtwGufaMumifh tm[m&-


"mwfawG tm;vkH; csKdUwJhNyD;awmh vlawG[mvnf; 'kp½dkufawGtm;vkH;udk

oGufoGufvufvufBuD; vGefusL;aewJh tcsdeftcgrsKd;awGyJ jzpfMuw,f/

4/ aumif;rGefrSefuefwJh udk,fjzifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI (= um,-

ya,m*)ç EIwfjzifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI ajymqdkrI (= 0pDya,m*)ç

pdwfjzifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI MuHpnfrI (= orx-0dyóem tpjzmwJh

ukodkvfw&m;awGudk qnf;yl;&SmazGrI BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI = raem-

ya,m*)? ,if;uJhodkY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIawGESifh jynfhpkHaejcif;udk

ya,m*orÜwådya,m*orÜwådya,m*orÜwådya,m*orÜwådya,m*orÜwådvdkY ac:w,f/

ajymif;jyeftm;jzifhawmh rSm;,Gif;wJh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI trsKd;rsKd;-

awGuawmh rdpämya,m*awG jzpfMuw,f/ udk,fjzifh rjyKoifhwJh um,

'kp½dkufawGudk jyKvkyfw,f/ EIwfjzifhvnf; rajymoifhwJh 0pD'kp½dkufpum;

awGudk tmoGufoGuf vQmoGufoGufESifh tzkd;tc r,lbJ wGifwGifBuD;

ajymw,f/ tzkd;tc ,lNyD;awmhvnf; w&m;½kH;awGrSm rrSefwmawGudk

ajymw,f/ pdwfuvnf; rMuHpnfoifhwJh raem'kp½dkuf trsKd;rsKd;awGudk

MuHpnfw,f/ 'Dvdk rSm;,Gif;wJh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI rdpämya,m*awGESifh

jynfhpkHaejcif;udk ya,m*0dywådya,m*0dywådya,m*0dywådya,m*0dywådya,m*0dywådvdkY ac:qdkw,f/

owå0gawGrSm twdwfoHo&mwpfavQmufrSm jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhç

qnf;yl;cJhwJhuHawG &Sd Muw,f/ ukodkvfuHawGudkvnf; jyKpkysKd;axmif-

cJhMuw,f? tukodkvfuHawGukdvnf; jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhMuw,f/ ukodkvf-

uHawGu txufuajymcJhwJh orÜwådav;yg;udk trSD&cJhr,fqdkvQif

tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifh oifhvmwwfw,f? vrf;yGifhvmwwfw,f/

0dywådav;yg;ESifh MuHKr,fqkdvQifawmh tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcGifhrom jzpfoGm;

wwfw,f/

tvm;wlyJ ...twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG-

uvnf; ,ckvdk ypöKyÜefb0rSm 0dywådav;yg;udk trSD&cJhr,fqkdvQif tusKd;


ay;zdkY&ef tcgtcGifh oifhvmwwfjyefw,f? vrf;yGifhvmwwfw,f/

]]uHqdk;r oGm;&m rkd;vkdufvdkY&Gm}}qkdovdk jzpfwwfjyefw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'D

aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m ,ckb0rSm orÜwåd

av;yg;ESifh MuHKawGUaernfç qkHqnf;aernfqkdvQifvnf; tusKd;ray;Ekdifç

tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifh roifhEkdif jzpfaewwfjyefw,f/

'Doabmw&m;awGudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnf oabmayguf-

Ekdifatmif tkyfpk (4)rsKd; cGJNyD;awmh wpftkyfpk wpftkyfpkrSmvnf; (4)rsKd;pD

(4)rsKd;pD cG JNyD;awmh &Sif;vif;wifjyygr,f? pdwf0ifpm;zkdY odyfaumif;ygw,f?

em;vnfxm;zkdYvnf; odyfaumif;ygw,f/

(u) tkyfpk - uH (4) rsKd;

trSwf (1) uH - ]]*wdorÜwådü wnfaeol}}

1/ avmurSm bkef;BuD;wdkYt0iftyg tcsKdUtcsKdU yk*¾ dKvfawG&JU oEÅmefrSm

twdwfb0xkdxkdu qnf;yl;cJhwJh aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh pk-

aqmif;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawGqdkwm &Sd Muygw,f/ owå0gwkdif;

vdkvdkrSmyJ &SdwwfwJhobm0wpfckyJ? 'gayr,fh ,if;tukodkvfuH

awG[m ,if;uHwdkYudk pkaqmif;cJhwJhyk*¾dKvfu tyg,fav;bkHuJhodkY-

aom ysufpD;wJh*wd (= *wd0dywåd)rSm wnf&Sdaer,fqkdvQifawmh

raumif;wJh tusKd;w&m;awGç qkd;npf,kwfrmwJh tusKd;w&m;awGudk

ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifh oifhaerSm jzpfw,f/ &ifhusufcJhr,fqdkvQifawmh

tcsdefra&G; tJ'DtukodkvfuHawG[m wpfckNyD;wpfck qufwkduf

tusKd;ay;awmhr,f/

Oyrm -- t&Sifa'0'wf[m oHCmudk oif;cGJjcif;qdkwJh oHCab'u

tukodkvfuHaMumifh *wd0dywådxJrSm tqkd;qkH;jzpfwJh t0Dpdi&Jukd a&muf&Sd

oGm;cJhw,f/ þuJhodkY *wd0dywådqdkwJh trSDo[Judk &&SdwJhtwGuf rwkef

rvIyfaom bk&m;&Siftm; aoG;pdrf;wnfatmif ausmufarmif;qifum


owfzkdY&ef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhjcif;qdkwJh avm[dwkyÜg'uuH tp&SdwJh

tjcm;tjcm;aom tukodkvfuHawG[mvnf; qufwkduf tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef

tcgtcGifh oifhvmMuw,f/ rwkefrvIyfaom bk&m;&Siftm; jypfrSm;rd-

cJhwJhtwGuf rwkefrvIyfwJh qif;&JwJh jyif;xefwJh 'ku©a0'emawGudk

urÇmwnfoa&GU qufvuf cHpm;&rSm jzpfw,f/

odkYaomf þuJhodkYaom tukodkvfuHawGudk qnf;yl;pkaqmif;cJhwJh

owå0gawG[m wpfckwpfckaom aumif;rIukodkvfuHaMumifh *wdorÜwåd

jzpfwJh vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfawGrSm jzpfae&w,fqdkvQif ,if;

tusKd;ay;aewJh ukodkvfuHuvnf; t&Sdeft0g tm;aumif;aewJhuHrsKd;

jzpfaer,fqkdvQifawmh [dk twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhç aqmufwnf

usifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcgtcGifhroifh

jzpfaewwfjyefw,f/

tu,fírsm; ,if;uHydkif&Sifyk*¾dKvf[m *wdorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHae-

ckdufrSm bk&m;tp&Sdaom t&d,molawmfaumif;wdkYESifh aygif;azmf,SOfwGJ

rSD0Jqnf;uyf&vdkY orx-0dyóembm0emawGudk r*faygufzdkvf0if

edAÁmefjrifonfhwdkifatmif usifhEkdifjcif;qdkwJh ya,m*orÜwådpufuvnf;

0dkif;NyD; ulnDyhHydk;vdkufrnfqdkvQifawmh tyg,f'k*¾wdqdkwJh *wd0dywådrS

uGif;vkH;uRwf vGwfoGm;rSm jzpfw,f/ rdrd aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tuk-

odkvfuHawG[m *wd0dywådodkYa&mufatmif ydkYaqmifEkdifwJh pGrf;tifawG

vkH;0 uif;pifoGm;rSm jzpfw,f/ tJ'D tukodkvfuHawG[m *wdorÜwådu

wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ray;EkdifMuawmhbl;/ (tbd?|?2?421/)

,if;odk YjzpfvQif rdrd\ tusKd;w&m;udk ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh

aumif;pGm arQmfjrif ½IqifjcifwwfwJh ynm&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfawG[m ,ckvdk

*wdorÜwådESifh rdrdwdkYu jynfhpkHaeckdufrSm oDvusifhpOfç orm"dusifhpOfç

ynmusifhpOfqdkwJh r*¾if&Spfyg; usifhpOfw&m;awGudk atmifatmifjrifjrif

usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;qdkwJh ya,m*orÜwådpufESifh


jynfhpkHatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfxm;zdkY raumif;bl;vm;¿ odyfaumif;-

w,f odyfaumif;w,f/ rdrdwdkYrSmvnf; twdwfoHo&mwpfavQmufu

aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[mvnf; 'keJYa'; &dSaumif;

&SdEkdifygw,f/

]]vlU&yf ewf&Gmç xufjA[®mESifhç r[mokcç edAÁmeodkYç &Spf0r*¾ifç]]vlU&yf ewf&Gmç xufjA[®mESifhç r[mokcç edAÁmeodkYç &Spf0r*¾ifç]]vlU&yf ewf&Gmç xufjA[®mESifhç r[mokcç edAÁmeodkYç &Spf0r*¾ifç]]vlU&yf ewf&Gmç xufjA[®mESifhç r[mokcç edAÁmeodkYç &Spf0r*¾ifç]]vlU&yf ewf&Gmç xufjA[®mESifhç r[mokcç edAÁmeodkYç &Spf0r*¾ifç

oabFm,mOfjzifhç aqmvsifuyfckdç a&muf&vdkrlç xkdxkdyknç ukovudkçoabFm,mOfjzifhç aqmvsifuyfckdç a&muf&vdkrlç xkdxkdyknç ukovudkçoabFm,mOfjzifhç aqmvsifuyfckdç a&muf&vdkrlç xkdxkdyknç ukovudkçoabFm,mOfjzifhç aqmvsifuyfckdç a&muf&vdkrlç xkdxkdyknç ukovudkçoabFm,mOfjzifhç aqmvsifuyfckdç a&muf&vdkrlç xkdxkdyknç ukovudkç

aeYnrpJç vkHYvonf;avmh}}aeYnrpJç vkHYvonf;avmh}}aeYnrpJç vkHYvonf;avmh}}aeYnrpJç vkHYvonf;avmh}}aeYnrpJç vkHYvonf;avmh}} 'Dvdk v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;u qkdqkH;r

xm;ygw,f/ uJ - aemufuHwpfckudk ajymMu&atmif ---

trSwf (2) uH - ]]Oy"dorÜwådü wnfaeol}}

2/ aemufyk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufuvnf; tvm;wlyJ twdwfb0xkdxkdrSm

aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawGu 'keJYa'; &Sdaejyefw,f/

'gayr,fh ,if; tukodkvfuHawGudk qnf;yl;cJhwJhol[m tjcm;

ukodkvfuHwpfckaMumifh vlUb0qdkwJh *wdorÜwådudk qkdufa&muf

NyD;awmhvmw,f/ vlb0a&mufjyefawmhvnf; 'Dyk*¾d Kvf[m ½kyf-

tqif;uvnf; rvSbl;jzpfr,f? tusnf;uvnf;wefr,f? ½kyfu-

vnf; qkd;r,f? cEmukd,fuvnf; auG;aeç aumufaeç usKd;aejcif;

pwJh ,kwfnHhwJh cE¨mudk,ftwåabm &Sdaejyefr,fqdkvQif Oy"du

ysufpD;aer,fqkdvQif 'Dvdk Oy"dysufpD;jcif;qdkwJh Oy"d0dywådrSm

&yfwnfaewJholudk olaqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawGu

0ifa&mufum tusKd;ay;awmhrSm aocsmw,f/

þuJhokdY tusKd;ay;EkdifwJhoabm &Sdyif&Sdaomfvnf; ,if;yk*¾d Kvfudk

vlUb0odkYa&mufatmif ydkYay;vdkufwJh ukodkvfuHu arwåm"mwfawG

jcH&Hxm;wJhuHrsKd; jzpfaew,f/ a'gojzpfavmufwJh taMumif;t&m-

awGESifh wkdufqkdifcJh&aomfvnf; a'gorjzpfcJhbl;? xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf

rvkyfcJhbl;? a'goaMumifh azmufjyefaewJh udk,ftrlt&mç EIwftrl-


t&mç pdwftrlt&mawGudk xif&Sm;atmif jyKvkyfNyD;awmh rjycJhzl;bl;/

owå0gtm;vkH;wdkY&JU wpfzufom;yk*¾dKvfawG&JU aumif;usKd;csrf;om-

udkom vdkvm;awmifhwwJh pdwf"mwfjzifh ukodkvfuHawGudk aqmufwnf

usifhokH;cJhw,f/ wpfzufom;tay:ü um,uHarwåmudk a&S;½Iwnf-

apcJhw,f? 0pDuHarwåmudk a&S;½IwnfapcJhw,f? raemuHarwåmudk

a&S;½IwnfapcJhw,f/ 'Dvdk arwåm"mwfawG jcH&Hxm;wJh ukodkvfuH

wpfckcku tusKd;ay;vkdufwJhtwGuf ,ckvdk vlUb0qdkwJh *wdorÜwådokdY

qkdufa&mufvmwJhtcg bmawG jzpfvmovJ¿

½kyftqif;uvnf; odyfNyD;awmh vSywifhw,fw,f? udk,fae

udk,fxm; vkH;&yfykHoP²mefuvnf; odyfNyD;awmh tcsKd;usw,f/ olwpfyg;

awGu jrifvkduf&vQif MunfndKzG,f*kPfudk aqmifxm;EkdifwJh ½IcsifpzG,f

½kyftqif;ESifhvnf; jynfhpkHaejyefw,f/ ajcvuft*FgawG Munfhvdkuf-

vQifvnf; t*FgcRwf,Gif;rIqdkwm r&SdwJhtwGuf jA[®mrif;&JU cE¨mudk,f

twåabmESifhwlwJh jynfhpkHwJh cEmudk,ftwåabmuvnf; &Sdaejyefw,f/

þtusKd;w&m;awGuawmh olxlaxmifcJhwJhuHaMumifh Oy"dorÜwådESifh

jynfhpkHaeykHuav;awGyJ/

tu,fí þyk*¾ dKvf[m uRefr&JU 0rf;MumwdkufrSm y#doaE wnfae

&wJholyJ jzpfcsifjzpfygap? uRefrom;yif jzpfae&aomfvnf; þuJhodkY

vSywifhw,fwJh cEmudk,ftwåabm&SdaewJh yk*¾ dKvf[m ]]npfywfaya&-

aomvkyfief;ç atmufwef;usaom toufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief;pwJh

'Dvdk tqifhedrfhwJh vkyfief;&yfawGESifhawmh ravsmfygbl;}}vdkY ESvkH;ydkufum

qifxdef;ç jrif;xdef;ç EGm;ausmif;pwJh vkyfief;&yfawGudk ,ckvdk Oy"d-

orÜwdåESifh jynfhpkHaewJholudk rckdif;apMuawmhbl;/ þtusKd;w&m;awG-

uawmh olwpfyg;wdkY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;ç owå0gawG\ tusKd;pD;yGm;awGudk

vkdvm;awmifhwwJh arwåm"mwfawG jcH&HNyD;awmh olxlaxmifcJhwJhuHu

zefwD;ay;vkdufwJh tusKd;w&m;awGyJ/


,ckvdk ,kwfnhHwJh tvkyfawGudk rckdif;apbl;qdkvQif rnfuJhodkYaom

tvkyfawGudk jyKvkyfapovJ¿ odrfarGUwJht0wfykqkd; t0wftpm;awGudk

0wfpm;qif,ifapum b@mpdk;&mxl;pwJh &mxl;XmeEÅ&awGudkom

ckdif;apMuawmhw,f/ tu,fí ,if;aumif;rI&Sif[m ,ckvdk Oy"d-

orÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh trsKd;orD; jzpfcJhr,fqdkvQifvnf; qifpmxrif;

csufjcif;pwJh edrfhuswJh vkyfief;&yfawGudk rckdif;apawmhbJ 0wfpm;-

wefqm trsKd;rsKd;awGudk 0wfpm;qif,ifapum tdrfudk xdef;odrf;

tkyfcsKyfoltjzpf tqifhjrifhwJhae&mrSm xm;Muw,f/

olwpfyg;wdkY\ aumif;usKd;udk vkdvm;awmifhwwJh arwåm"mwfawG

jcH&HNyD;awmh ukodkvfuHawGudk xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf rdrd&JU aumif;usKd;udk

vdkvm;awmifhwaewJh yk*¾dKvfawGuvnf; a&mufav&mrSm qD;BudKaeMu-

w,f/ þae&mrSm t|uxmu (tbd?|?2?421-422/) omra'0D0w¬Komra'0D0w¬Komra'0D0w¬Komra'0D0w¬Komra'0D0w¬Kudk

azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

omra'0D

oD[dkVfuRef;0,f bmwdurif;vufxufu EGm;om;udk rpm;&[k

wkdif;jynfudk &Sifbk&ifu trdefYtmPm xkwfjyefaMunmxm;w,f/

vlawmfawmfcyfrsm;rsm;u EGm;om;udk pm;Mujyefw,f/ tJ'D EGm;om;

pm;MuwJhvlawG cyfrsm;rsm;udk zrf;qD;NyD;awmh bmwdurif;xHudk

ac:aqmifvmMuw,f/ bmwdurif;u tJ'DEGm;om;pm;wJh olawGudk

'Pfay;zkdY&eftwGuf ]]b,fvdk tjypf'Pfudk ay;oifhygovJ}}vdkY rSL;BuD;

rwf&mawGudk wkdifyifMunfhvkdufwJhtcg rSL;BuD;rwf&mawGuvnf;

'Pfay;zkdY&ef rpGrf;EkdifwJhtaMumif;udk wifjyMuw,f/ 'geJYyJ bmwdu-

rif;u EGm;om;pm;olawGudk rif;&ifjyifawmfrSm oefY&Sif;a&;awGudk

jyKvkyfol tvkyform;wdkYtjzpf jyKvkyfMu&ef trdefYcsrSwfay;vkdufw,f/

,if;yk*¾dKvfawGxJrSm orD;&wemuav;wpfOD; ygvmw,f/ ½kyf-


tqif;u odyfNyD;awmh vSywifhw,faew,f? ½IcsifpzG,f &Sdw,f? jrif-

awGUvkduf&vQif pdwfMunfvifrIudk trsm;qkH; jzpfapw,f? MunfndKzG,f

*kPfudk aqmifxm;Edkifw,f/ ,if;owdkYorD;udk jrif&wJhtcg bmwdu-

rif;u eef;wGif;odkY aqmif,lum tuRrf;0ifolwdkY&JU t&mXmerSm xm;-

vdkufw,f/ Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHatmif wnfaxmifzefqif;ay;vkdufwJh

uHydkif&Sif ,if;trsKd;orD;\ tmEkabmfaMumifh ,if;owkdYorD;\ aqGrsKd;

om;csif;wpfpkwdkY[mvnf; csrf;csrf;omomESifh toufarG;Mu&w,f/

þuJhodkY vSywifhw,faewJh Oy"dorÜwdåESifh jynfhpkHaewJh cEmudk,f

twåabmrSm raumif;rItukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef rpGrf;Edkif

jzpfaeMuw,f/ Oy"dorÜwådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tukodkvfuH-

awG[m tusKd;ray;EkdifMuawmhbl;/ (tbd?|?2?421-422/)

Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJholukd twdwfu aqmufwnfusifhokH;

cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhtvrf;awG[m vG,f-

vG,fESifh yGifhvef;rvmEkdifbl;qdkvQif Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHatmif

uHawGudk xlaxmifwJhtydkif;rSm ,if;uHudk a'go"mwfawG rjcH&HapbJ

arwåm"mwfawGjzifhom vTrf;jcHKxm;zkdY rvdkbl;vm;¿ vdktyfygw,f/

rdrdxlaxmifaewJhuHudk arwåm"mwfjzifh xkHrTrf;ay;&jcif;qdkwJh vkyfief;-

&yf[m tvGefBuD;av;wJh 0efxkyf0efydk;BuD;wpfckawmh r[kwfygbl;/

rdrdwdkY&JU pdwf"mwfudk arwåmbm0em pcef;omodkY rMumcP tvnf-

tywf vTwfay;zdkYom vdkygw,f/

txufyg omra'0D0w¬Kudk axmuf½IMunfhvkdufvQif aumufcsuf

csMunfhvdkufvQif wpfckaom aumif;rIukodkvfuHaMumifh Oy"dorÜwådESifh

jynfhpkH&jcif;qdkwhJ tusKd;w&m;rSm uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhol uHydkif&SifESifhom

oufqkdifwmudk awGUEkdifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tjcm;tjcm;aom y0wåd

aumif;usKd;awGMuawmh uHydkif&Sifvnf; &,lcHpm;Edkifw,f? uHydkif&SifESifh

eD;pyf&myk*¾dKvfwdkYvnf; aumif;usKd; csrf;omokc t00udk &,lcHpm;-


EkdifMuw,fqdkwJh þoabmw&m;udk awGU&SdEkdifygw,f/

trSwf (3) uH - ]]umvorÜwådü wnfaeol}}

owå0gwpfOD;rSm twdwfb0xdkxdkrSm aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJhç

vufoGufoGufESifh vGefusL;cJhwJhç pkaqmif;xm;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawGu

'keJYa'; wpfykHBuD; &Sdaejyefw,f/ tu,fí þyk*¾dKvf[m udk,fusifh-

w&m;awG ysufpD;aewJhumvqdkwJh umv0dywådrSm wnfae&r,fç vl

vmjzpf&r,fqkdvQifawmh ,if;tukodkvfuHawGu raumif;usKd;awGudk

tusKd;ay;rSmawmh aocsmaew,f/

'gayr,fhvdkY þyk*¾dKvfu twdwfb0wpfckcku olaqmufwnf

usifhokH;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHwpfcku tvsif&ifhusufvmvdkY tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef

tcgtcGifhu oifhvmwJhtwGuf ig;yg;yÍöoD cg;0wfykqkd;uJhokdY jrJaewJh

urÇmOD;umvrSm vmNyD;awmh vljzpf&jyefw,f/ odkYr[kwfvnf; pMu-

0aw;rif; tp&SdwJh rif;aumif;rif;jrwfawG ay:xGef;aewJhtcgrSm

vmNyD;awmh vljzpfae&jyefw,f? odkYr[kwfvnf; bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhxGef;-

awmfrl&m tcsdefumvrSm vmNyD;awmh vljzpfae&jyefw,f/

þuJhokdY olawmfoljrwfwdkY jzpfxGef;ay:ayguf&m tcsdefumv-

aumif;qdkwJh umvorÜwådrSm vlvmjzpfae&wJh þyk*¾dKvftzdkY twdwfu

olaqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhzl;wJh tukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcg-

tcGifhroifh jzpfaeMujyefw,f/ 'Dvdk umvorÜwådtcgrSm ukodkvfuH

awGu wpfzufowf tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhawGu yGifhvef;aeMu-

w,f/ umvorÜwådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tukodkvfuHawGu

tusKd;ray;Ekdif jzpfaeMuw,f/ (tbd?|?2?422/)

xkdaMumifh umvorÜwådrSm vlvmjzpf&wm uHodyfaumif;w,f-

vdkYawmh ajymEkdifw,f/ Oyrm -- urÇmOD;umvwdkYvdk umvrsKd; qkdMuygpdkY?


tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm vlwkdif;vlwkdif;u ig;yg;yÍöoD cg;0wfykqkd;vdk jrJaeMu-

w,f/ bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrl&m tcsdefumvawGrSmvnf;

rsm;aomtm;jzifh trsm;pku ig;yg;oDvawG jrJaeMuw,f/ 'Dvdk

udk,fusifhw&m;awGu odyfaumif;aewJh acwfumvrSm rdrduvnf;

tvm;wlyJ udk,fusifhw&m;awG aumif;rGefwJhol jzpfvmEkdifw,f/

rdrdu tcgtcGifhoifhvdkY bk&m;&SifwdkY&JU omoemawmfESifh MuHKckdufrSm

orx-0dyóembm0emawGudkyg wpfqifhwufNyD; tm;xkwfvdkufvQif

rdrd&JU pdwf"mwfawGuyg ydkNyD; jzLpifvmwJhtwGuf um,okp½dkufç

0pDokp½dkufawGwGifomru raemokp½dkufw&m;awGESifhyg jynfhpkHvmEkdif-

w,f/ 'Dvdk okp½dkufw&m;awGudk jznfhusifhaejcif;[m aemufajymrnfh

ya,m*orÜwådpufya,m*orÜwådpufya,m*orÜwådpufya,m*orÜwådpufya,m*orÜwådpufESifh jynfhpkHatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewmvnf;

jzpfw,f/ umvorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh olwpfOD;udk ya,m*orÜwåduyg

0dkif;NyD; yhHydk;ay;vkdufawmh twdwfu tukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef

tcgtcGifhudk r&Ekdif jzpfaeMuw,f/ xkdaMumifh umvorÜwådrSm vljzpf-

vm&wm odyfuHaumif;ygw,f/ aemufwpfck xyfajymMu&atmif ---

trSwf (4) uH - ]]ya,m*orÜwådü wnfaeol}}

aemufyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf qkdMupdkY ... olUrSmvnf; twdwfb0

xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJhç vGefusL;cJhrdwJh tukodkvfuHawG

rsm;pGmyJ &SdaeMujyefw,f/ ,if;tukodkvfuHawG[m ya,m*puf csKdUwJh-

cJhr,fqkdvQifawmh tusKd;ay;awmhrSm aocsmw,f/ ya,m*puf csKdUwJh-

w,fqkdwmuawmh 'kp½dkuftrsKd;rsKd;awGudk tzkd;tc r,lbJeJYyJ jzpfapç

tzkd;tc,lvdkYyJ jzpfap vufoGufoGufeJY tmoGufvQmoGufeJY Nrdefa&

&Sufa& vGefusL;aewmudk ajymwmyg/

tJ'Dvdk 'kp½dkufawGudk rdwfaqGzGJUxm;wJh tusifhawGrSm &yfwnf-

aewJholudk ya,m*0dywåd (= ysufpD;aewJhya,m*)rSm &yfaewJhyk*¾dKvfvdkY


ac:qdkw,f/ ,ckvkd ya,m*puf ysufpD;aewJh ya,m*0dywådrSm &yf-

wnfaecJhr,fqkdvQifawmh twdwfu olxlaxmifxm;cJhwJh tukodkvfuH

awGu raumif;usKd;awGudkay;awmhrSm aocsmoavmuf jzpfaew,f/

odkYaomf twdwfu pkaqmif;&SmazGcJhwJh p&PrsKd;aphac:wJh aumif;-

rIukodkvfuHwpfcku ajr§mufwifay;vdkufwJhtwGuf bk&m;tp&SdwJh

t&d,molawmfaumif;awGç rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; rdaumif;baumif;

awGESifh vmNyD;awmh qkHqnf;&wJhtwGuf oDvusifhpOfawGudk wu,f

vufawGU usifhjzpfw,f? orm"dusifhpOfawGudk wu,fvufawGU usifh-

jzpfw,f? 0dyóemusifhpOfawGukdvnf; wu,fvufawGU atmifatmif

jrifjrif usifhjzpfw,f? aumif;rIukodkvf trsKd;rsKd;awGudk jyKpkysKd;axmif

jzpfw,f/ ya,m*orÜwåd (= aumif;rIukokdvfawGudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwf-

jcif;) vkHYvya,m*ac:wJh orÜwådpufESifh jynfhpkHaew,f/ um,uH

pifMu,frIç 0pDuHpifMu,frIç raemuHpifMu,frIawGudk jynfhjynfhpkHpkH

jznfhusifhw,f/

'Dvdk ya,m*orÜwådpufESif h jynfhpkHaewJh ae&mXmersKd;rSm twdwfu

jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhudk

r&Ekdifjzpfaew,f/ ]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Moumaom ]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Moumaom ]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Moumaom ]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Moumaom ]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Moumaom = pifppf ukodkvf-

uHu tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhtvrf;uom yGifhvef;vsuf &Sdaew,f}}

'Denf;tm;jzifh ya,m*orÜwådpufu tcsufusus csufydkifydkif wm;jrpf-

xm;wJhtwGuf tukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ray;Ekdif jzpfaeMuw,f/

(tbd?|?2?422/)

'Dae&mrSm rlv#Dumq&mawmfu --- ]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Mo-]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Mo-]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Mo-]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Mo-]]{uEÅH ukovaó0 Mo-

umaom umaom umaom umaom umaom = pifppf ukodkvfuHuomvQif tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhtvrf;-

awGu yGifhvef;vsuf&Sdw,f}}qdkwJh pum;ESifh qufpyfNyD;awmh &Sif;vif;

wifjyxm;ygw,f/ b,fvdkvJ¿


tcsKdUtcsKdU olawmfaumif;awG[m um,uHpifMu,frI&Sdatmif

um,okp½dkufw&m;awGudk jznfhusifhMuw,f? 0pDuHpifMu,frI&Sdatmif

0pDokp½dkufw&m;awGudk jznfhusifhMuw,f? raemuHpifMu,frI&Sdatmif

orx-0dyóembm0emawGudk atmifatmifjrifjrif tm;xkwfNyD;awmh

pdwf"mwfawGudk jzLpifoGm;atmif aq;aMumokwfoifMuw,f? raem-

okp½dkufw&m;awGudk jynfhjynfhpkHpkH jznfhusifhMuw,f? ya,m*orÜwåd-

pufrSm &yfwnfaeMuw,f/

tJ'Dvdk ya,m*orÜwådpufrSm jynfhjynfhpkHpkH &yfwnfaewJh tcsKdUtcsKdU

olawmfaumif;awGrSm tcsKdUtcsKdUaom tukodkvfuHawGu y&dedAÁmef

rpHrD pyfMum;umvawGrSm raumif;wJh tusKd;w&m;awGukdvnf;

ay;wwfwJhoabm &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;vdkY 'Dvdkawmh ar;p&m&Sdw,f/

Oyrm -- t&Sifr[marm*¾v’mt&Sifr[marm*¾v’mt&Sifr[marm*¾v’mt&Sifr[marm*¾v’mt&Sifr[marm*¾v’meeeeeff ff fudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;udk Munfhyg?

t&[wåzdkvfayguf okp½dkufw&m;awGudk jynfhjynfhpkHpkH jznfhusifhcJhw,f/

tqifhtjrifhqkH; ya,m*orÜwådpufrSm &yfwnfawmfrlcJhw,f/ tvm;-

wlyJ r[mwdóudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;r[mwdóudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;r[mwdóudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;r[mwdóudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;r[mwdóudk,fawmfjrwfBuD; (r?|?1?238/)[mvnf; okp½dkuf

w&m;awGudk tjrifhqkH;tqifhjzpfwJh t&[wåzdkvfokdYwkdifatmif tjzL-

pifqkH;jzpfatmif jznfhusifhawmfrlcJhw,f/ ya,m*orÜwådpufrSmyJ

&yfwnfawmfrlEkdifwJh olawmfaumif;BuD;wpfOD; jzpfw,f/

tvm;wlyJ tavmif;awmfcEÅD0g'D&aohBuD;tavmif;awmfcEÅD0g'D&aohBuD;tavmif;awmfcEÅD0g'D&aohBuD;tavmif;awmfcEÅD0g'D&aohBuD;tavmif;awmfcEÅD0g'D&aohBuD;qkdvQifvnf; okp½dkuf

w&m;awGudk pifMu,fatmif jznfhusifhawmfrlcJhygw,f? arwåmpsmef-

awGudk &atmifç psmeftbdnmPf trsKd;rsKd;awGudk &atmif BudK;pm;

tm;xkwfcJhwJh olawmfaumif;BuD; jzpfygw,f/ ya,m*orÜwådpufrSmyJ

ckdifckdifcHhcHh r,drf;r,dkif ausmufpmwkdifuJhodkY &yfwnfawmfrlcJhwJh olawmf-

aumif;BuD;yJ jzpfw,f/

,ckvdk ya,m*orÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh olawmfaumif;BuD;awG[m


tb,faMumifh qif;&J'ku© a&mufMu&ovJvdkY ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ t&Sif-

r[marm*¾v’mefudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;vnf; ckd;om;ig;&mwdkY&JU ½kdufowfwJh

'Pfudk cHcJh&w,f/ r[mwdóudk,fawmfBuD;vnf; ckd;om;wkdY&JU ½dkuf-

ykwfrIESifh qufEG,faewJh qif;&J'ku©udk cHcJh&w,f/ cEÅD0g'D&aohBuD;

[mvnf; uvmAkrif;&JU n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufrI trsKd;rsKd;awGudk toufyg

qkH;½IH;onfhwdkifatmif cHcJh&w,f/ ,ckvdk qif;&J'ku© trsKd;rsKd;awGudk

awGUMuHK&jcif;[m twdwfu xlaxmifcJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG&JU tusKd;

w&m;awGyJ r[kwfbl;vm;vkdYawmh ar;p&m&Sdw,f/

þae&mrSm rlv#Dum (rlv#D?2?210/) q&mawmfuawmh n§Of;yef;

ESdyfpufvdkwJhç owfjzwfvdkwJh &efol&JUoEÅmefrSm jzpfay:aewJh udk,fh-

xufom remvdkjcif;qkdwJh £ómw&m;pwJh taMumif;w&m;awGtay:

tajccHNyD;awmh ,if;olawmfaumif;awGtay:rSm azmufazmufjyefjyef

rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; txifvGJ tjrifvGJ pGJ,lxm;wJh pdwf"mwfaMumifh-

omvQif 'Dvdk qif;&JwJhtusKd;w&m;awG jzpfay:vm&ygw,f/ ya,m*

orÜwådESifh jynfhpkHjcif;qdkwJh þtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfay:vm&wm

r[kwfygbl;/ ya,m*orÜwåd[m raumif;aom tusKd;udk b,fawmhrS

ray;ygbl;/ 'Dvdkteufoabmudk &nf&G,fum t|uxmu zGifhqdk-

oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;udk &Sif;vif; wifjyxm;ygw,f/ (rlv#D?2?211/)

odkYaomf "r®y't|uxm ("r®y'?|?2?44-45/)rSm zGifhqdkxm;wJh

zGifhqdkcsufESifhtnD nd§EIdif;,lr,fqkdvQifawmh ,ckvdkvnf; ajymEkdif

ygw,f/ ypöKyÜefrSmvnf; t&Sifr[marm*¾v’mef udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;udk

n§Of;yef;ESdyfpuf owfjzwfvdkwJh wdw¬dawGoEÅmefrSm jzpfay:aewJh rem-

vdkjcif; £ómw&m;pwJh tukodkvfw&m;awGudk taMumif;cHNyD;awmh

olwdkYrSm vmbfvmbawG avsmhenf;oGm;wm[m t&Sifr[marm*¾v’mef

udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;aMumifh jzpf&ygw,f ponfjzifh azmufazmufjyefjyef

rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; txifvGJ tjrifvGJ pGJ,lxm;wJh pdwf"mwfawGuvnf;


teD;uyfqkH; taMumif;wpfck jzpfw,f/

'DtaMumif;taxmuftyHhaumif;udk &&SdcJhwJhtcg twdwfb0u

rdbudk owfcJhzl;wJh tukodkvfuHawGuvnf; tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef &ifhusuf

vmwJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhomvmw,f/ ,ckvdk ypöKyÜefuHudk

tazmfo[J &wJhtwGuf twdwfuHu 0ifa&muftusKd;ay;w,fvdkY

rSwfyg/ ypöKyÜefrSm t&Sifr[marm*¾v’mefudk,fawmfjrwfBuD; xlaxmif-

xm;wJh ya,m*orÜwådpufudk trSD&vdkY twdwftukodkvfuHu tusKd;

ay;wm r[kwfbl;vdkY qdkvdkygw,f/ tifrwef pdwf0ifpm;zkdYaumif;wJh

uHawG&JU tusKd;ay;qef;Mu,fykHtydkif;awGyJ/ (u)tkyfpk -- uH (4)rsKd;

taMumif;udkawmh ajymNyD;oGm;NyD/ aemufxyf (c)tkyfpk -- uH (4)rsKd;

taMumif;udk ajymMu&atmif ---

(c) tkyfpk - uH (4) rsKd;

trSwf (1) uH - ]]*wdd0dywådü wnfaeol}}

yk*¾d Kvfwpfa,muf\ oEÅmefrSm twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnf

usifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m 'keJYa'; rsm;pGmyJ wnf&SdaeMuw,f/

'gayr,fh ,if;yk*¾dKvfu vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfqdkwJh jynfhpkH

aumif;rGefwJh *wdorÜwådrSm wnf&Sdaer,fqkdvQif ,ckvdk *wdorÜwådrSm

wnf&SdaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm ,if;tukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ray;-

EkdifwJhoabm &SdaeMujyefw,f/ odkYaomf þyk*¾dKvf[m wpfckaom

raumif;rI tukodkvfuHaMumifh tyg,fav;bkHqdkwJh ysufpD;aewJh *wd

wpfckckrSm oGm;NyD;awmh y#doaE¨ wnfae&jyefw,f/

,ckvdk ysufpD;aewJh*wdqkdwJh *wd0dywådrSm wnf&Sdaeckduf olU&JU

twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh raumif;rItukodkvfuH

awG[m wpfckNyD;wpfck wpfvSnfhNyD;wpfvSnfh tvSnfhustaeeJY raumif;

usKd;awGudk vmay;Mujyefw,f/ tJ'D tukodkvfuHawGxJrSm oEéd|myu


apwemac:wJh jypfrIawGudk vGefusL;aeqJ tcsdefumvu jzpfay:cJhwJh

tukodkvfuHawGu t&Sdeft0g ydkNyD;awmh tm;aumif;Muw,f? tpGrf;

xufMuw,f/

tJ'D tpGrf;xufaewJh t&Sdeft0g tm;aumif;aewJh uHawGu

,if;uHydkif&Sifowå0gudk i&JodkY ypfcsMujyefw,f/ i&Jü jzpfapMujyef-

w,f/ tJ'D tukodkvfuHawGxJrSm oEéd|myuapwemac:wJh uHawGudk

xlaxmifaeqJ tcsdefumvu jzpfay:cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG rjzpfrD

a&S;ykdif;umvESifh jzpfNyD; aemufydkif;umvwdkYrSm jzpfay:oGm;cJhMuwJh

tukodkvfuHawGvnf; &Sd Muw,f/

,if; tukodkvfuHawGxJu tm;aumif;armif;oefaewJh tuk-

odkvfuHawGuvnf; þowå0gudk i&Juae acgif;raxmifEkdifatmif

xyfESpfxm;Mujyefw,f/ tm;aysmhaewJh tukodkvfuHawGuawmh

wpfcgwpf&H wd&p ämefbkHrSm jzpfapMujyefw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H NydwåmbkH

b0rSm jzpfapMujyefw,f/ aeYnOfhoHo&m &SnfjrifhpGmaom tcsdefumv-

ywfvkH; tyg,frS OD;acgif;udk ajr§mufcsDcGifhray; jzpfaeMuw,f/

bmaMumifh ,ckvdk jzpf&ovJ¿

enf;enf;awmh xyf&Sif;jycsifao;w,f? a,bk,stm;jzifhawmh

tvGeftm;aumif;wJh tukodkvfuHawGaMumifh i&JokdY usa&mufoGm;wJh

tcg t&Sdeft0g tm;aumif;wJh tukodkvfuHawGu rukefrcsif; i&JrS

rvGwfEkdif jzpfaewwfw,f/ tvGeftm;aumif;wJh tukodkvfuHawGu

avsmhyg;oGm;wJhtcg usefaewJh tukodkvfuHwcsKdUaMumifh i&JBuD;rS i&J-

uav;odkY ul;ajymif;um cHMu&jyefw,f/ wpfzef i&Juav;rS vGwfvm

jyefawmhvnf; <uif;usefaeao;wJh tukodkvfuHwcsKdUaMumifh Nydwåm

b0odkY a&muf&Sdwwfjyefw,f/ wpfcg Nydwåmb0rS uRwfvGwfvmjyef

awmhvnf; <uif;usefaeao;wJh t&Sdeft0g tm;aysmhaewJh tukodkvfuH

awGaMumifh wd&pämefb0odkY a&mufwwfjyefw,f/


wd&pämefowå0gawG wpfaeYwpfaeYrSm bmawG vkyfaeMuovJ¿

trdrSef;rodç tzrSef;rodç om;rSef;rodç orD;rSef;rod wpfOD;eJYwpfOD;

arxkefrSD0JMuw,f? ydkif;jcm;uefYowfcsufqdkwm olwdkYrSm vkH;0 r&Sdbl;?

NyD;awmh olwdkYavmuçu Ekdif&mpm;avmu jzpfw,f? tm;EGJUoludk tm;-

BuD;olu owfjzwfum pm;aomufaeMuw,f? pm;jcif;ç arxkefrSD0Jjcif;ç

tdyfjcif;qdkwJh þvkyfief;&yf okH;ckudkom OD;pm;ay; jyKusifhum aexkdifae-

MuwJhavmu jzpfw,f/

,ckvdk wd&p ämefb0rSm aqmufwnfusifhokH;vkdufwJh tukodkvf-

uHawGaMumifh wpfzef aoNyD;wJhtcg i&JokdY a&mufMu&jyefw,f/ wpfzef

i&J BuD;rS i&Juav;ç i&Juav;rS Nydwåmç Nydwåmb0rS wd&pämefb0odkY

wpfzef jyefvnfywfvmjyefw,f/ þenf;pepftm;jzifh usifvnfaeMu-

&wJhtwGuf tyg,fav;bkHokd Y a&muf&SdoGm;wJh owå0gwpfOD;[m

vG,fvG,feJY tyg,fav;bkHrS OD;acgif; raxmifEkdifjcif; jzpfw,f/

b,fvkdwkef; pmzwfy&dowfawG ... aMumufzkdY odyfraumif;-

bl;vm;¿ aMumufzkdY odyfaumif;w,f/ ,ckajymcJhwmuawmh *wd-

orÜwådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ray;EkdifwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m

*wd0dywådqdkwJh trSDo[Judk &&SdwJhtcg qufwkduf tusKd;ay;wwfwJh

Oya'owpfckyJ/

"r®½kpdrax&f

þae&mrSm "r®½kpdrax&f (ty'ge?|?2?2210-211/) taMumif;udk

enf;enf; ajymMu&atmif ---

bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmfjzpfwJh okar"m

&Sif&aohu 'DyuF&mbk&m;&Sif\ ajcawmf&if;rSm 0yfpif;NyD;awmh ed,w

Asm'dwfyef;udk qifjref;awmfrlaeygw,f/ ,if;Asm'dwfcHyGJrSm yGJMunfh

y&dowfawGxJrSm arCqdkwJh jAm[®PvkvifwpfOD;vnf; yg0ifcJhygw,f/


arCvkvifuvnf; okar"m&Sif&aohtay:rSm odyfNyD;awmh MunfndK-

oGm;w,f/

½kyftqif; Munfhvkdufawmhvnf; a&Ttqif;vdk 0if;aew,f/

psmeftbdnmPfqdkwJh *kPfxl;awGESifh wefqmqifxm;wmudkvnf;

awGUjrifae&jyefw,f/ uka# (80)ru <u,f0csrf;omwJh pnf;pdrfOpöm-

awGudk pGefYvTwfum awmxGufoGm;wJh &aoholawmfaumif;wpfOD;u-

vnf; jzpfaejyefw,f/ aemifwpfcsdefrSmvnf; a*gwrtrnf&SdwJh bk&m;

jzpfawmfrlvdrfhOD;r,fvdkYvnf; 'DyuF&mbk&m;&Sifu Asm'dwfyef; qifjref;

ay;aewmudkvnf; awGUjrifae&jyefw,f/

'Dvdk okar"m&Sif&aohrSm tzufzufu *kPfxl;0daooawGESifh

wifhw,faewmudk awGU&awmh olu odyfMunfndKoGm;w,f/ 'Dvdk

MunfndKoGm;wJhtwGuf okar"m&Sif&aohESifhtwl twkvkdufum &aoh

&[ef; jyKvkdufw,f/ okar"m&Sif&aohaemufodkY vdkufygoGm;vdkuf-

ygw,f/ okar"m&Sif&aohxHrS enf;cHum ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvac:wJh

0denf;oDvawGudk aumif;pGm apmifhpnf;cJhw,f/ £a`Eajcmufyg; wHcg;

ajcmufaygufwdkYrS udavomawGr0ifatmif orx-0dyóem ESpfjzm-

aom ur®|mef;tm½kHü pdwfudk oGwfoGif;xm;um £`Ed,oH0&oDvudk

aumif;pGm vkHjcHKatmif apmifhpnf;cJhw,f/

toufarG;rI pifMu,fjcif;qdkwJh tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvudkvnf;

aumif;pGm vdkufemusifhokH;cJhw,f/ owdy|mefw&m;awGudk tpOfyGm;um

ckdifjrJwJhowd &SdcJhw,f/ tukodkvfw&m;awGudk y,fEkdif&efç ukodkvf

w&m;awGESifh jynfhpkHvm&ef tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhw,f/

bk&m;&Sif&JU tqkH;tr omoemudk vdkufemjyKusifhcJhygw,f/ 'Dtcsuf-

awGuawmh oljznfhusifhcJhwJh yg&rDw&m;taygif;awGyJ? p&PrsKd;aph-

aumif;ç 0dZÆmrsKd;aphaumif;awGyJ/


wpfaeYrSmawmh uHqdk;rkd;arSmif usvmjyefw,f/ okar"m&Sif&aohudk

a&yla&csrf; urf;vSrf;um rdrd&JUb0rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGufvnf;

ckvdk yg&rDawGudk jznfhusifhNyD;awmh aexkdifaepOfrSmyJ rkqkd;wpfa,mufu

olwkdYaewJh awmxJudk a&muf&Sdvmw,f/ þ,kwfrmwJh rdwfaqGESifh

aygif;azmfrdwJhtwGuf pdwf"mwfawGajymif;um &aohb0uae vlxGuf-

NyD;awmh vlwkdY&JU ae&yfa'oudk jyefvdkufoGm;cJhjyefw,f/

wpfaeYrSmawmh ,if;,kwfrmwJh rdwfaqGuyJ wdkufwGef;wmESifh

rdcif&if;udk oGm;NyD; owfrdcJhw,f/ trSm;BuD;rSm;wJh rSm;uGufwpfck

jzpfoGm;cJhNyD/ tifrwefBuD;av;wJh *½kuHBuD;udk vGefusL;rdvdkufNyD/

ukpm;zkdY&ef odyfcufcJoGm;cJhNyD/

,if;tukodkvfuHu ypfcsvdkufwJhtcg aoNyD;aemuf i&JokdY a&muf-

&S doGm;cJhw,f/ tyg,fav;bkHrSm usifvnfaewm b,favmufMumw,f

qdkwm twdtus rod&aomfvnf; pum;puav;wpfckukd ty'gef

t|uxmu azmfjyxm;w,f/ i&JrS uRwfvGwfvmwJhtcg i&JrSm

uRwfvGwfvmNyD;awmh r[mork'&mtwGif;rSm wdrd*Fvig;BuD; jzpfae-

w,fqkdNyD;awmh 'Dvdkawmh azmfjyxm;w,f/ (ty'ge?|?2?211/) tcsdef-

umvudk Munfhvkdufawmh av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;umv jzpfae-

w,f/

qdkvdkwmuawmh av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvtwGif;rSm

tyg,fav;bkHrSm usifvnfusufpm;rIawGu trsm;qkH;jzpfojzifh 'Dvdk

zGifhqkdxm;w,fvdkY ,lq&ygw,f/ ed,wrdpäm'd|duHuvGJvQif <uif;usef-

wJh uHawGaMumifh tyg,fa&mufcJh&vQif urÇmysufwJhtcgrSm tyg,fom;

owå0gawGvnf; tyg,frS uRwfvGwfum jA[®mhjynfokdY a&mufwwfwJh

"r®wm&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh ckvdk ajymvkdufjcif; jzpfygw,f/

'gayr,fh vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfqdkwJh ok*wdbkHawGudk cP-

acwåavmufom tvnftywf vmNyD;awmh tyg,fav;bkHrSm usif-


vnfusufpm;rIawGuom rsm;jym;aewJhtwGufaMumifh av;oacsFESifh

urÇmwpfodef;wdkY umvywfvkH; tyg,fav;bkHrSmyJ usifvnfae&ykHudk

t|uxmu zGifhqdkoGm;jcif; jzpf[efwlygw,f/

,if;wdrd*Fvig;BuD;jzpfpOfrSm avSoabFmwpfpD;uvnf; r[m-

ork'´&mxJudk ukefoG,fa&;udpöESifh oGm;cJhw,f/ 'DavSoabFmudk ig;

trSwfESifh vkdufNyD;[yfzkdY 'Dig;BuD;u BudK;pm;NyD; aemufuvkdufaew,f/

oabFmom;awGu aMumufvefYMuwJhtwGuf ]]ta[m a*gwarmta[m a*gwarmta[m a*gwarmta[m a*gwarmta[m a*gwarm

b*0g b*0g b*0g b*0g b*0g = tr,fav; ... a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;}}vdkY 0kdif;atmfMuw,f/

xkdtcgrSm ,if;ig;BuD;u ]]a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;}}qdkwJh toHudk

Mum;vkdufwJhtcg [dk av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;xufu qnf;yl;cJhwJh

yg&rDawGudk jyefNyD;awmh trSwf&cJhw,f/ a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;tay:rSm

½kdaoav;pm;wJh pdwfxm;jzifh avSay:&Sd vlawGudk rpm;awmhbJ aemuf-

odkYqkwfum rdrd&JU q&mjzpfcJhzl;wJh okar"m&Sif&aohb0rS ajymif;vJvmwJh

a*gwrbk&m;&Siftay:ü ½kdaojrwfEdk;wJh pdwf"mwfawGESifhyJ ig;b0rS

pkawum om0w¬djynfrSm <u,f0csrf;omwJh jAm[®PtrsKd;tEG,frSm

vlvmjzpf&jyefw,f/

tcsdefwef t&G,fa&mufwJhtcg bk&m;&SifxHrS w&m;awmfrsm;udk

emMum;cGifh &&SdcJhwJhtwGuf o'¨gw&m;awG wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:vmum

omoemabmifodkY 0ifa&mufum &Sif&[ef;jyKvkdufygw,f/ &[ef;w&m;

awGudk qufvufBudK;yrf; tm;xkwfawmfrl&m y#dorÇd'gÓPfav;yg;

wdkYESifh twlwuG t&[wåzkdvfodkYwkdifatmif qkdufa&mufoGm;awmfrl-

cJhygw,f/ (ty'ge?|?2?210-211/)

þae&mrSm arCvkvif[m bmaMumifh tyg,fav;bkHrSm þrQ-

avmufawmif tMumBuD; aecJh&ovJqdkwmudk oabmaygufatmif

enf;enf;awmh xyf&Sif;jycsifao;w,f/ rdcifudk owfwJhtcsdeftcgrSmç

rowfrDç owfqJç owfNyD;tcsdeftcgawGrSm tukodkvfaZmawGu ra&-


rwGufEdkifatmif tBudrfrsm;pGm apmcJhygw,f/

rowfrD owfzkdY&ef MuHpnfpdwful;aewJhtcsdefç owfzkdY jyifqifaewJh

tcsdefawGrSmvnf; tukokdvfaZm0DxdawG[m ra&rwGufEkdifatmif

tBudrfrsm;pGm apmcJhMuw,f/ owfaewJh tcsdeftcgrSmvnf; tvm;wlyJ

tukodkvfaZmawG[m tBudrfrsm;pGm apmcJhMuygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ

owfNyD;wJh aemufydkif;rSmvnf; rdrdjyKcJhwJh raumif;rIudk jyefvnfNyD;awmh

trSwf&wkdif; trSwf&wdkif; pdwfrcsrf;omrI a'greójy"mef;aewJh

tukodkvfaZmawGu xyfumxyfum Budrfzefrsm;pGm jzpfaecJhMuygw,f/

,ckvdk tukodkvfaZm0DxdawG[m rsufpdwpfrSdwf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif;rSm

tBudrf uka#aygif;rsm;pGm jzpfEdkifwJhoabm&Sdw,fvdkY azPyd@Lyr-azPyd@Lyr-azPyd@Lyr-azPyd@Lyr-azPyd@Lyr-

okwåef t|uxm okwåef t|uxm okwåef t|uxm okwåef t|uxm okwåef t|uxm (oH?|?2?295/)rSm zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/

xkdaZm0DxdawGxJu raem'Gg&duaZm0Dxd wpfckwpfcktwGif;rSm

a,bk,stm;jzifh aZmckepfwef apmwwfygw,f/ tJ'D aZmckepfwef-

teuf yxraZmapwemu xkdjypfrIudk vGefusL;wJhb0rSm raumif;wJh

tusKd;udk ay;wwfygw,f/ tusKd;ray;awmhvQifawmh ta[moduH

jzpfoGm;w,f/ owåraZmapwemuawmh aoNyD;aemuf vm;a&muf-

&rnfh yxrqkH; tem*wfb0opfrSm raumif;usKd;awGudk ay;wwfyg-

w,f/

tu,fí ,if;tukodkvfaZmapwemu yxrqkH; tem*wf

b0rSm tusKd;ray;bl;qkdvQifawmh ta[moduH jzpfoGm;w,f/ uHjzpf-

½kHomjzpfcJhNyD; tusKd;ray;wJh uHrsKd;udk ta[moduHvdkY ac:ygw,f/

tv,faZm ig;wefwdkYuawmh edAÁmefr&rcsif; tcgtcGifhoifhwJh b0-

wdkif;rSm raumif;usKd;awGudk ay;wwfwJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ ,ckvdk

raumif;usKd;awGudk ay;w,fqkdwmuvnf; txufu ajymcJhwJhtwkdif;

ysufpD;aewJh *wdvdkYac:qdkwJh *wd0dywådrSm &yfwnfaeygrS qufwkduf

acgif;razmfEkdifatmif tusKd;ay;wwfwJhoabm &Sdygw,f/


,ckvdk trdudk owfjcif;qkdwJh tukodkvfuHwpfckudk xlaxmifwJh

ae&mrSm rowfrDç owfqJç owfNyD;qkdwJh tcsdefumvawGrSm aZm0Dxd-

aygif;awGu ra&rwGufEkdifatmif tvGeYftvGef rsm;jym;aewmjzpf-

awmh yxraZmaygif;vnf; rsm;pGmç owåraZmaygif;vnf; rsm;pGmç

tv,faZmig;wefaygif;vnf; rsm;pGmyJ ra&rwGufEdkifavmufatmif

rsm;jym;ygw,f/

,if;tv,faZmawG rsm;pGmxJu aZmwpfckwpfck[m *wd0dywåd

pwJh 0dywådpufawGudk trSD&cJhr,fqkdvQif t&Sdeft0gawG rukefrcsif;

tyg,f'k*¾wdb0 wpfckwpfckudk jzpfapEkdifwJh pGrf;tm;awG &Sdaeygw,f/

tv,faZmaygif;uvnf; ra&rwGufEkdifatmif rsm;avawmh tyg,f

'k*¾wdb0aygif;[mvnf; ra&rwGufEkdifatmifbJ rsm;EkdifwJhoabm &Sdyg-

w,f/ aemufwpfck ajymOD;r,f ---

txufu ajymcJhwJhtwkdif;yJ i&J BuD;rS vGwfaomf i&Juav;ç

i&Juav;rS vGwfaomf Nydwåmç Nydwåmb0rS vGwfaomf wd&pämefb0qdkwJh

tyg,fb0awGrSmyJ qufwdkuf arsmae&rnfh oabm&Sdw,f/ 'gwGif-

vm;qdkawmh ruao;jyefbl;? ,ckvdk wd&pämefb0 a&mufwJhtcgrSm

tukodkvf'kp½dkufawGudk xyfNyD; vGefusL;jyefawmh aoonf\tjcm;rJhrSm

i&JodkY wpfzef jyefa&mufjyefw,f/

i&JBuD;rS i&Juav;ç i&Juav;rS Nydwåmb0ç Nydwåmb0rS wd&pämef

b0qdkNyD; csmcsmvnfaewwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh arCvkvif[m

av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;wdkY umvywfvkH; rsm;aomtm;jzifh tyg,f

oHo&mrSm jrKyfcsnfwpfvSnhf arsmcsnfwpfcg jzpfae&w,f/ xkdaMumifh

olU&JU ax&ty'gefrSm - 0dedygw*awm oaEÅm? oHo0dedygw*awm oaEÅm? oHo0dedygw*awm oaEÅm? oHo0dedygw*awm oaEÅm? oHo0dedygw*awm oaEÅm? oHo&&&&& ð 'ku©dawm pd&H/ð 'ku©dawm pd&H/ð 'ku©dawm pd&H/ð 'ku©dawm pd&H/ð 'ku©dawm pd&H/

(ty'ge?2?69/) ponfjzifh tyg,foHo&mrSm MumjrifhpGm arsmae&-

aMumif;udk oludk,fwkdif azmfjyoGm;ygw,f/


aemufxyf tvGefqkd;wJh jyóemwpfckudkvnf; xyfajymOD;r,f -

'DyuF&mjrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrlwJh xkdtcsdef[m vlwdkY

oufwrf; tESpfwpfodef;wrf; jzpfygw,f/ vlwdkYoufwrf; tESpfwpf-

odef;wrf;avmufrSm vlom;awG[m ig;yg;yÍöoD cg;0wfykqkd;uJhodkY

jrJMuwJh acwfaumif; tcgaumif;BuD; jzpfygw,f/

,if;uJhodkYaomacwfrSm vljzpfae&wJh arCvkvif&JU rdcif[m-

vnf; ig;yg;yÍöoD cg;0wfykqkd;uJhokdY jrJaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;vnf;

jzpfaumif; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ 'DyuF&mbk&m;&Sif\ omoemawmfESifh

ESpfaygif;wpfodef;cefYavmuf MuHKawGUcGifh &SdaewJhtwGuf 'DyuF&mbk&m;-

&SifxHawmfrS opömav;yg;ESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;awmfawGudk emMum;cGifh

&&SdEkdifwJh tcGifhtvrf;awGuvnf; yGifhvef;a0qmvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/

þuJhodkYaom w&m;aumif;awGudk emMum;cGifh &&SdwJhtwGuf &m*ç

a'goç arm[pwJh udavomawGuvnf; tvGefvnf; rxlajymvSwJh

acwfaumif; tcgaumif; jzpfwJhtwGuf opömav;yg;udk 0dyóemÓPf

r*fÓPfwdkYjzifh xGif;azmufodjrifEkdifwJh t&d,molawmfaumif;BuD;

wpfOD;vnf; jzpfaumif; jzpfEkdifygw,f/

tu,fí olU&JUrdcif[m ig;yg;oDvjrJjcif;ç t&d,molawmfaumif;

jzpfjcif;qdkwJh þuJhodkYaom tqifhjrifhrm;vSwJh *kPfaus;Zl;awG wnf-

&SdaewJh rdcifaumif;BuD;wpfOD;rsm; jzpfcJhr,fqdkvQif olvGefusL;cJhwJh

jypfcsuf[m tvGefBuD;av;wJh jypfcsufBuD;vnf; jzpfEkdifcJhygw,f/

þuJhodkY tifrwef 0efav;zG,f&maumif;wJh BuD;rm;av;vHvSwJh *½kuH-

BuD;udk aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJhtwGufaMumifh ,if;tukodkvfuHwdkYu

*wd0dywådqdkwJh trSDaumif;udk &&SdwJhtcgrSm tyg,foHo&mrS OD;acgif;

axmifvdkYr&atmif 0dkif;NyD;awmh &SnfjrifhpGm tusKd;ay;cJhjcif;vnf; jzpfyg-

w,f/


þav;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvtwGif;rSm rdrd&JU q&mjzpfwJh

okar"m&Sif&aohESifh wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ jyefvnfawGUqkHcGifhudk r&&SdcJhwJh

taMumif;udkvnf; oludk,fwkdif olU&JU ax&ty'gefw&m;awmfrSm azmfjy

xm;cJhygw,f/ (ty'ge?2?69/)

q&mwynfhESpfOD;wdkY cGJcGmcJhNyD;wJhaemuf q&mjzpfol okar"m&Sif&-

aohu av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;umvtwGif;rSm yg&rDawmfawGudk

jynfhjynfhpkHpkH jznfhusifhawmfrlEkdifcJhonfhtwGuf bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd

oGm;awmfrlcJhaomfvnf; wynfhjzpfoluawmh ig;jzpfaewkef;yif &Sdae-

ygao;w,f/

tukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ay;vmNyDqdkvQif tvGefaMumufzkdYvnf;

aumif;ygw,f? owdoHa0*&zkdYvnf; odyfaumif;ygw,f/ ,ckajymcJhwJh

uHtaMumif;uawmh *wdorÜwådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;-

jcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifjzpfaewJh rdrdwdkY usifhokH; aqmufwnfxm;wJh tukodkvf

uHawG[m *wd0dywådodkY ,if;uHydkif&Sif owå0gu a&S;½Iqkdufa&muf

oGm;wJhtcg *wd0dywådudk tpGJjyKNyD;awmh tusKd;ay;wJh uHtaMumif;yJ

jzpfygw,f/

(c) tkyfpk trSwf (2) uH - ]]Oy"d0dywådü wnfaeol}}

aemufyk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufrSmvnf; tvm;wlyJ twdwfoHo&m

tqufqufrSm olaqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m 'keJY

a';yJ &Sd Muygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ,if;tukodkvfuHawG[m ½kyf&nfjynfhpkH-

jcif;qdkwJh Oy"dorÜwådpufESifh jynfhpkHaewJh Oy"dorÜwådrSm &yfwnfaewJh

oludk tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhu roifh jzpfaeMuw,f/ 'gayr,fhvdkY

,if;uHydkif&Sifowå0gu vlUb0a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuH

wpfckudk aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhpOfu ,if;ukodkvfuHudk a'gopdwfawGu

jcH&Hxm;cJhjyefw,f/ rauseyfrIç trsufxGufrIç tcJrausEkdifrIç cGifhrvTwf-


EkdifrIç &efNidK;zGJUrIpwJh a'gow&m;awG jcH&Hum ukodkvfuHudk xlaxmifcJh-

rdw,f/

,if;uJhodkYaom ukodkvfuHaMumifh vlUb0rSm vl&,fvdkY vmjzpf&-

aomfvnf; ,if;ukodkvfuHudk jcH&Hxm;wJh a'gojy"mef;aewJh tukodkvf

uHaMumifh ½kyf&nf\ysufpD;jcif; (= Oy"d0dywåd)ü wnfae&jyefw,f/

tqif;uvnf; rvS? ½kyf&nfuvnf; rvS? ykHoP²mefuvnf; tcsKd;

ruswJhtwGuf &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f &Sdaejyefw,f/ wapä ajrbkwfbDvl;ESifh

wlaejyefw,f/

tu,fí ,if;uHydkif&Sif owå0g[m uRefr\0rf;ü jzpfvm&aom

tdrfaygufuRef jzpfr,fqkdvQif --- ]]'DtvkyfawG[m oif;ESifh xkdufwef-

w,f}}vdkY ESvkH;ydkufum npfywfaya& pkwfyJhaewJh ,kwfnHhwJh atmuf-

wef;uswJh tvkyftm;vkH;udk ,if;yk*¾dKvfudkyJ ckdif;apMuw,f/ tu,fí

,if;uHydkif&Sif owå0gu trsKd;orD;jzpfcJhr,fqkdvQifvnf; ]]'Dtvkyf-

awG[m oif;ESifh xkdufwefw,f}}vdkY ESvkH;ydkufum qifpmxrif;csufjcif;ç

uav;tESD;avQmfjcif;pwJh npfywfwJh ,kwfnHhwJhvkyfief;&yf rSeforQudk

,if;trsKd;orD;udkyJ ckdif;apMujyefw,f/

tu,fí twdwfb0u rdrdxlaxmifcJhwJh a'goawGjcH&Hxm;wJh

uHu oDvwnf;[laom ajray:rSm &yfwnfNyD; w&m;aomenf;vrf;jzifh

&SmazG&&SdwJh vSLzG,f0w¬Kypönf;pkudkç uHçuH\tusKd;w&m;udk ouf0if

,kHMunfaewJh o'gw&m; jy"mef;um oDv&SdwJh t&Sifaumif; t&Sifjrwf-

awGudk vSL'gef;ylaZmfcJhwJh tqifhjrifh ukodkvfuHrsKd;awGjzpfcJhvdkY ,if;uJhodkY-

aom uHaumif;awGu axmufrvdkufwJhtwGuf trsKd;aumif;tdrfrSm

olaX;orD; jzpfvm&w,fyJ xm;ygOD;? olaX;uawmf vmjzpf&w,fyJ

xm;ygOD;? b,fvdkyif trsKd;aumif;tdrfü jzpfvm&jyefygaomfvnf;

,if;trsKd;aumif;tdrfü vljzpfvm&oludk ab;ywf0ef;usif rodolwdkYu

txiftjrifawG vGJrSm;wwfMujyefw,f/


Oyrm --- tcGeftwkwfudk aumufcHMuwJh tjrwfawmfcGefXmerS

t&m&Sd trIxrf; rif;csif;a,mufsm;wdkY[m ,if;olaX;uawmfudk tdrfrSm

ckdif;apaewJh uRefrvdkYrSwfxifum aESmifzGJUoGm;wwfMuw,f/ oD[dkVf-

uRef;0,f aumwv0gyDtrnf&SdwJh &Gmwpf&GmrSmaexkdifwJh ol<u,f-

BuD;\ tdrf&Sifrudk tcGefOD;pD;XmerS 0efxrf;wdkYu uRefrvdkY txifvGJum

csKyfaESmifoGm;cJhzl;wJh xkH;a[mif;wpf&yfvnf; &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ þodkYvQif

Oy"dorÜwådpufu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef rpGrf;EkdifwJh

uHawG[m uHydkif&Sifu Oy"dysufpD;jcif;qdkwJh Oy"d0dywådodkY a&S;½Ia&muf&Sd

vmwJhtcg Oy"d0dywådudk tpGJjyKí ,if;tukodkvfuHwdkYu tusKd;ay;

Mujyefw,f/ (tbd?|?2?422-423/)

(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (3) uH - ]]umv0dywådü wnfaeol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom owå0g\ oEÅmefrSmvnf; twdwfb0

xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhoHk;cJhwJh jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh raumif;rI

tukodkvfuHawGu 'keJYa'; &SdaeMujyefw,f/ odkYaomf ,if;raumif;rI

tukodkvfuHawG[m urÇmOD;umvç pMu0aw;rif;uJhodkYaom rif;-

aumif;rif;jrwfwdkY jzpfxGef;&mumvç bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhxGef; ay:ayguf-

awmfrl&m olawmfoljrwfwdkY jzpfxGef;&mumvpwJh jynfhpkHwJh umvqkdwJh

umvorÜwådtcgaumif; acwfaumif;rSm ,if;uHydkif&Sifu vlvmjzpf&-

w,fqkdvQif xkdyk*¾dKvf\oEÅmefü tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhu roifh

jzpfaejyefw,f/

odkYaomf ,if;odkYyif tusKd;ray;Ekdifaomfvnf; xkduHydkif&Sifowå0g-

[m tukodkvfw&m; trsKd;rsKd;qdkwJh udavomydk;awGu 0dkif;0dkif;vnf

xkd;qGxm;wJhtwGuf tqifhedrfhuswJh ukodkvfuH wpfckaMumifh vlUb0odkY

a&muf&Sdaevifhupm; tjcm;wpfckaom olwpfyg;wdkYudk toufwdkap-

vdkwJh a'goç rmefrmepwJh udavomw&m;qkd;awG jy"mef;aewJh tuk-

odkvfuHaMumifh raumif;aomrif;ç 'kp½dkuftrsKd;rsKd;awGudk vGefusL;aeMu-


wJh raumif;aomvlwdkY jzpfxGef;&m tcsdefumvqdkwJh ysufpD;aewJh um-

vwnf;[laom umv0dywådrSm tqDMoZmr&SdwJh tzwftumjzpfwJh

tm[m&awGudkom pm;okH;ae&wJh q,fESpfwrf;rSm vlvmjzpf&jyefw,f/

,if;uJhodkYaom (10)ESpfwrf;umvrSm EGm;EkdYç qDOD;ç axmywfç

&ufwuf&nfç 'defcJqkdwJh EGm;rS jzpfay:vmwJh t&om (5)rsKd;wdkY[m

jywfpJoGm;Muw,f/ vl;xrif;[m tjrwfqkH; tpmtm[m&abmZOf

jzpfae&jyefw,f/ vlUavmuü tu,fí vlyifjzpfvm&ygaomfvnf;

orifç '&,fç acsi,fç pkdifç qwfç zGwfç y'wfawGESifh wlnDaewJh touf-

arG;rIrsKd;awG &Sdae&jyefw,f/

,if;uJhodkYaom ysufpD;aewJh umv0dywådtcgrSm twdwfoHo&m

tqufqufu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG\ tusKd;ay;-

zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhu roifhjzpfaewwfjyefw,f/ pifppf tukokdvfuHu

omvQif tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhtvrf;awGu yGifhvef;vsuf &Sdaejyefw,f/

þokdYvQif umvorÜwådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef

pGrf;tm;r&Sd jzpfaeMuwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m umv0dywådokdY a&S;½I

qdkufa&mufvmwJhtcgç MuHKBudKufvmwJhtcg umv0dywådudk tpGJjyK-

NyD;awmh tusKd;ay;Mujyefw,f/ (tbd?|?2?423/)

þ&Sif;vif;csufrsm;udkMunfhvQif olawmfaumif;wkdif; olawmf-

aumif;wdkif;onf umv0dywådtcgrsKd;ü vlvmrjzpfatmif tvGef

BudK;pm;tm;xkwfoifhygw,f/ oHo&mrSm usifvnfckdif;aewmrsKd;awmh

r[kwfygbl;/ oHo&mu vGwfatmif½kef;EkdifvQifawmh taumif;qkH;yif

jzpfygw,f/ tu,fí oHo&m0J*,ufu ½kef;rxGufEdkifjzpfaeao;-

vQifum; atmufxpfqkH; umv0dywådrSm vlvmrjzpfatmifawmh BudK;-

pm;oifhvSygw,f/


(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (4) uH - ]]ya,m*0dywådü wnfaeol}}

tjcm;wpfOD;aom owå0g\ oEÅmefüvnf; twdwfb0xkdxkdu

aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJhç qnf;yl;cJhwJhç pkaqmif;cJhwJh tukodkvfuH

awG[m 'kESifha'; &SdaeMujyefw,f/ tu,fí xkdyk*¾dKvf[m ,ckvdk

ypöKyÜefb0rSm t&Sift*kFvdrmvrax&fjrwfwdkYvdk oDvusifhpOfç orm"d-

usifhpOfç ynmusifhpOfawGudk atmifatmifjrifjrif vufawGU usifhokH;-

jcif;qdkwJh ya,m*orÜwådpufESifh jynfhpkHatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaeonf

jzpftHh/ um,uHpifMu,frIç 0pDuHpifMu,frIç raemuHpifMu,frIawGudk

xifxif&Sm;&Sm; wnf&Sdvmatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;qdkwJh ya,m*

orÜwådpufESifhvnf; BudK;pm;onfhtwdkif; jynfhpkHaeonfjzpftHh/ ,if;uJhokdY

jynfhjynfhpkHpkH BudK;pm;tm;xkwftyfaom um,ya,m*ç 0pDya,m*ç

raemya,m*qkdwJh ya,m*orÜwådpufrSm aumif;pGmwnfaewJh xkd

owå0g\oEÅmefrSm ,if;twdwfu xlaxmifcJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m

tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhudk r&&SdEkdif jzpfaewwfw,f/

'gayr,fhvdkY ,if;tukodkvfuHydkif&Sif owå0gu um,uHpifMu,f-

rIuvnf; r&Sd jzpfaejyefw,f? 0pDuHpifMu,frIuvnf; r&Sd jzpfaejyef-

w,f? raemuHpifMu,frIuvnf; r&Sdjzpfaejyefw,f/ um,'kp½dkuf-

awGudk enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh vGefusL;aejyefw,f? 0pD'kp½dkufawGudkvnf; a&vdk

tokH;jyKaejyefw,f? raem'kp½dkufawGudkvnf; vkH;0 apmifhxdef;rIr&Sd

jzpfaejyefw,f/

olUtoufowfzkdYudk vufrwGefYbl;? olUypönf; rw&m;,lzkdYvnf;

vkH;0 r&Sufwwfbl;? olUom;r,m; zsufqD;zdkYvnf; tvGef aysmfarGU-

aejyefw,f? rkom;ajymzkdY&efvnf; tvGef Nrdef&Sufaejyefw,f? ukef;pum;

o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; vkyfief;udkvnf; rdrdjyKvkyf&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;

wpfcktjzpf owfrSwfxm;jyefw,f? Murf;wrf;wJh pum;awGudkvnf;

tmaygiftm&if;oefoefESifh raMumufr&GHU aemufrwGefYbJ &J&J0Hh0Hh


ajymqkdwwfjyefw,f? Nydefzsif;wJh pum;awGudkvnf; tzkd;tc r,lbJ

uGufpdyfq&mvdk waomaomESifh rarmryef; 'vMurf; ajymaewwf

jyefw,f? olUypönf; rw&m;,lzdkYç olwpfyg;wdkYudk qif;&J'ku©a&mufapzkdYç

acsmufurf;yg;xJ wGef;ydkYzkdYudkyJ pOf;pm;aew,f? olwpfyg;wdkYudk n§Of;yef;

ESdyfpufzkdY owfjzwfzdkYudkyJ pOf;pm;aew,f/

]]b0qdkwm ykcufESifhacgif; tMum;rSmy]]b0qdkwm ykcufESifhacgif; tMum;rSmy]]b0qdkwm ykcufESifhacgif; tMum;rSmy]]b0qdkwm ykcufESifhacgif; tMum;rSmy]]b0qdkwm ykcufESifhacgif; tMum;rSmyJJ JJ J &&&&&SS SS S dw,f? acgif;[kdbuf bmrSdw,f? acgif;[kdbuf bmrSdw,f? acgif;[kdbuf bmrSdw,f? acgif;[kdbuf bmrSdw,f? acgif;[kdbuf bmrS

r&Sdbl;}}r&Sdbl;}}r&Sdbl;}}r&Sdbl;}}r&Sdbl;}}[kvnf;aumif;? ]]'Db0 'Dukd,fpHç [dkb0 [dkudk,fcHvdrfhr,f}}]]'Db0 'Dukd,fpHç [dkb0 [dkudk,fcHvdrfhr,f}}]]'Db0 'Dukd,fpHç [dkb0 [dkudk,fcHvdrfhr,f}}]]'Db0 'Dukd,fpHç [dkb0 [dkudk,fcHvdrfhr,f}}]]'Db0 'Dukd,fpHç [dkb0 [dkudk,fcHvdrfhr,f}}

ponfjzifhvnf;aumif; uHçuH\tusKd;w&m;awGudk ypfy,faewJh 0g'

trsKd;rsKd;awGudkyJ vufcH,kHMunfaew,f/ ,if;uJhodkY 'kp½dkuf trsKd;rsKd;-

awGudk ,k,ydkufaxG;aewJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;[m BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI vkHYv

ya,m* ysufpD;aewJh ya,m*0dywådrSm &yfwnfaewJhyk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:-

qdkygw,f/

,if;uJhokd Y ya,m*0dywådrSm &yfwnfaewJholudk twdwfu

pkaqmif;cJhwJhç aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;

ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhudk vG,fvG,fulul &&SdoGm;Ekdifw,f/ &Gmwpf&GmrSm

&GmcHolckd;"m;jyawG &Sdaeygu tjcm;tjcm;&GmawGu ckd;om;"m;jyawG-

vnf; &GmcH"m;jyawGESifh aygif;um ,if;&GmwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmzkdY&ef

vG,fulovdk tvm;wlyJ ypöKyÜeftukodkvfuHawGudk trSD&wJhtcg

twdwfu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawGuvnf; tusKd;

ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhtvrf;awG omvmwwfygw,f/

xkdaMumifh ,if;uJhodkY ypöKyÜefrSm 'kp½dkuftrsKd;rsKd;awGukd r&Suf

raMumuf &J&J0Hh0Hh owåd&Sd&Sdjzifh &Gyf&GyfcRHcRH vGefusL;aewJh irkdufom;udk

rif;csif;a,mufsm;wdkYu ckd;xkyfckd;xnf ckd;&mygypönf;ESifhwuG vuf&

zrf;,lum bk&ifrif;jrwftm; jyMuw,f? &Sifbk&ifxHodkY oGif;Muw,f/

&Sifbk&ifuvnf; n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufrI trsKd;rsKd;wdkYjzifh n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufrIudk

jyKapw,f? aemufqkH;awmh owfypfzkdY&ef ao'PftrdefYudk csrSwfay;-


vkdufw,f/ þodkYvQif ya,m*orÜwådpufu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf

tusKd;ay;jcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifjzpfaeMuwJh twdwfb0xdkxkdu aqmufwnf

usifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m ya,m*0dywådodkY a&S;½Ia&muf&Sd

vmwJhtcg ya,m*0dywådudk tpGJjyKí raumif;usKd;awGudk ay;Mu

jyefw,f/

þodkYvQif (4)yg;ukefaomorÜwdåwdkYonf wm;jrpfxm;tyfukefaom

twdwfu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh raumif;rItukodkvfuHawG[m

tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhudk r&&SdEkdifMuukefaomfvnf; (4)yg;ukefaom

0dywådwdkYodkY a&S;½Ia&muf&SdvmygrS (4)yg;ukefaom 0dywådwdkYudk trSDjyK&ygrS

raumif;usKd;udk ay;EkdifwJhpGrf;tm; &SdvmMuw,f[k rSwfom;yg/

(tbd?|?2?423/)

txufyg t|uxm\ &Sif;vif;wifjycsufudk Munfhygu twdwf

tukokdvfuHawG[m ypöKyÜef tukodkvfuHawGudk trSD&ygrS tusKd;

ay;EkdifwJhpGrf;tm; &Sdwmudk awGU&w,f/ ypöKyÜef tukodkvfuHawGxJrSm

yxraZmapwem[m 'd|"r®a0'eD,uH (= rsufarSmufaomudk,f\

tjzpfrSmyJ tusKd;udk cHpm;&aomuH)[k qdkaomfvnf; ,if;ypöKyÜef 'd|"r®-

a0'eD,uHrSm tm;ay;axmufyHhwwfwJh Oyw¬rÇuuHomjzpfNyD; twdwf-

u aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tukodkvfuHu raumif;usKd;udk wdkuf½dkuf

jzpfapwJh ZeuuHjzpfwmudk awGU&w,f/ pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;wJh

taMumif;t&mawGvnf; jzpfw,f? wu,fvufawGU ½IMunfhoifhwJh

taMumif;t&mawGvnf; jzpfygw,f/

acwå&yfem;í pOf;pm;Munfhyg

twdwfb0xkdxkdu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhç aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh

rkdufrSm;rdwJh tukodkvfuHawG[m owå0gwkdif; owå0gwkdif;rSm tenf;ESifh

trsm;qkdovdk &SdwwfMuygw,f/ ruif;EkdifwJh oabmw&m;wpfck


jzpfygw,f/ þpmudk zwf½IaewJh toifolawmfaumif;wdkY\ oEÅmef-

rSmvnf; tenf;ESifhtrsm;um; &Sdaernfom jzpfygw,f/ orÜwådw&m;

(4)yg;wdkYu ,if;tukodkvfuHawGudk tusKd;ray;Ekdifatmif wm;jrpf-

xm;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm; &Sd Muygw,f/ odkYaomf 0dywådw&m; (4)yg;wdkYu ,if;

tukodkvfuHawGudk raumif;usKd;ay;Ekdifatmif ]]a&epfaewJholudk 0g;ul-

vdkY ESpfovdk}} wHcg;zGifhum qD;BudKaeMuygw,f/

tu,fí toifpm½Iaeol olawmfaumif;onf twdwfoHo&m

tqufqufu vufqGJEIwfqufcJhwJhç aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tuk-

odkvfuHawGaMumifh jzpfay:vmrnfh raumif;onfh qif;&Jonfh tusKd;

w&m; trsKd;rsKd;awGudk tvdkr&SdcJhygrl ,if;rdwfa[mif; aqGa[mif;rsm;

jzpfcJhzl;MuwJh tukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ray;Ekdifatmif wm;jrpfxm;-

Ekdifonfh pGrf;tiftjynfht0&SdaewJh orÜwådw&m;av;yg;wkdYudk rdrd

oEÅmefrSm jynfhpkHatmif jznfhusifhMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/

,if;orÜwådw&m;av;yg;wdkYwGif ,cktcgrSm toifpm½Iaeol

olawmfaumif;\oEÅmef0,f ---

(1) vlUb0udk &&Sdxm;jcif;wnf;[laom *wdorÜwådç

(2) tvGefBuD; rvSapumrl vlwrf;aphavmuf jzpfaeojzifh tvGefBuD;

t½kyfrqkd;jcif; ajcvuft*Fg jynfhjynfhpkHpkH &Sdaejcif;qdkwJh Oy"dorÜwådç

(3) bk&m;&Sif\ tqkH;trwnf;[laom omoemawmfjrwfBuD;

xGef;um;&m olawmfoljrwfwdkY jzpfxGef;ay:ayguf&m tcsdefumv-

aumif;qdkwJh umvorÜwådç

þorÜwådw&m; (3)rsKd;wdkY[m urÇmOD;umvuJhodkYç bk&m;&SifwdkY

yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrl&mumvuJhodkYç pMu0aw;rif;wdkY jzpfxGef;&m

tcgumvuJhodkY tvGefBuD; tqifhrjrifhapumrl txkduftavsmufum;

wnf&Sdvsufyif &SdaeMuygao;w,f/ toifolawmfaumif;taejzifh


aemufxyf jznfhpGufí vkdufemjyKusifh&rnfh jynfhjynfhpkHpkHjzpfatmif

BudK;yrf;&rnfh orÜwådpufrSm ya,m*orÜwådwpfckyif jzpfygw,f/

toifolawmfaumif;onf ---

(1) um,uHpifMu,frI&Sdatmif BudK;yrf;yg?

(2) 0pDuHpifMu,frI&Sdatmif BudK;yrf;yg?

(3) raemuHpifMu,frI&Sdatmif BudK;yrf;yg?

,if;vkyfief;&yfwdkYu o'gw&m;qdkwJh pnf;pdrfOpömjzifh 0,f,lrnf

qdkvQif vG,fulpGm &,lEkdifwJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ wpfcsdef tmVm0u

bDvl;u bk&m;&Siftm; ---

uðok" 0dwåH yk&doó ao|H/ (okwåedygw?306/)

]]a,mufsm;wdkY&JU tjrwfqkH; pnf;pdrfOpöm[m bmygvJ¿}}qdkwJh

ar;cGef;wpfckudk ar;cJhzl;ygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifuvnf; ---

o'¨D" 0dwåH yk&doó ao|H/ o'¨D" 0dwåH yk&doó ao|H/ o'¨D" 0dwåH yk&doó ao|H/ o'¨D" 0dwåH yk&doó ao|H/ o'¨D" 0dwåH yk&doó ao|H/ (okwåedygw?306/)

oAÁorÜwådedyæg'ae 0dwåH 0d,/ (rlv#D?1?89/)

]]a,musfm;jrwfwkdY&JU tjrwfqkH;pnf;pdrfOpöm[m o'¨gw&m;jzpf-

w,f}}vdkY tajzay;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ þ,u©oH,kwf tmVm0uokwf

ygVdawmfESifhtnD &wemtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk a&mif;csaewJh aps;½kHBuD;wpfck

twGif;okdY 0ifa&mufoGm;wJhtcgrSm rdrdü 0,f,lzdkY&ef vuf0,fydkifqkdif-

onfh a&TaiGpwJh OpömygrSom ,if;&wemwkdYudk 0,f,lvdkY &&SdEkdifw,f/

a&TaiGpwJh Opömrygolum; ,if;&wemwdkYudk r0,f,lEkdifygbl;/

tvm;wlyif -- Ak'¨omoemawmfqdkwJh &wemaps;awmfBuD;

twGif; qkdufa&mufaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m o'¨gw&m;qdkwJh

OpömESpf yg&SdrSomvQif oDvusifhpOfç orm"dusifhpOfç ynmusifhpOfpwJh

olawmfaumif;&wemrsm;udk 0,f,lEkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ o'¨gOpöm rGJaw-


aewJholuawmh ,if;olawmfaumif;&wemwdkYudk 0,f,lEkdifrSm r[kwf-

bl;? a0hvnfa0hvnfESifh a&Smifz,fa&Smifz,fom jyKvkyfaerSm jzpfyg-

w,f/ xkdaMumifh o'¨gw&m;[m a&TaiGpwJh OpömtESpfESifhvnf; wlyg-

w,f/

ukovmeH "r®meH tm'gae [aw¬m 0d,/ ukovmeH "r®meH tm'gae [aw¬m 0d,/ ukovmeH "r®meH tm'gae [aw¬m 0d,/ ukovmeH "r®meH tm'gae [aw¬m 0d,/ ukovmeH "r®meH tm'gae [aw¬m 0d,/ (rlv#D?1?89/)

ywåjrm;xGufaom ausmufawmifwpfawmifodkY a&muf&SdoGm;wJh-

tcg rusKd;rysuf aumif;aomvuf&SdwJh yk*¾ dKvfonfomvQif xkd&wem-

wkdYudk aumuf,lEkdifw,f/ vufjywfaewJhç vufr&SdwJholum; ,if;

&wemwdkYudk raumuf,lEkdifygbl;/

tvm;wlyif r*fzdkvfedAÁmefodkYwdkifatmifaom w&m;&wemwdkY

xGufay:&m Ak'¨omoemawmfwnf;[laom &wemawmifBuD;0,f

o'¨gw&m;qdkwJh vuf&Sd MuwJh olawmfaumif;ç oljrwfavmif;awGom

'geukodkvfç oDvukokdvfç orxukodkvfç 0dyóemukodkvfç r*fukodkvf

qdkwJh ukodkvfw&m;&wemawGudk aumuf,lEkdifMuw,f/ o'¨gw&m;

qdkwJh vufrygwJh olawG[m ,if;&wemawGudk aumuf,lvdkY r&Ekdif-

Mubl;/ xkdaMumifh o'¨gw&m;[m vufESifhvnf; wlw,f/

o'¨g ADZH wayg 0k|d/ (oH?1?175/)

trwuodzvzvae ADZH 0d,/ (rlv#D?1?89/)

txufyg jAm[®PoH,kwf uodbm&'GgZokwf ygVdawmfESifhtnD

rkd;avaumif;rGefaeonfh Owka&ajr0,f rsKd;aph&SdolonfomvQif ,if;

rsKd;aphwdkYudk ,if;ajray:rSm pdkufysKd;MuJcsum toD;tESHwdkYudk &atmif

,lEkdifwJhoabm &Sdw,f/ rsKd;aphr&Sdolum; rMuJEkdifç rpdkufysKd;Edkifojzifh

toD;tESHwdkYudk r&&SdEkdifygbl;/

tvm;wlyif w&m;&wemqdkwJh rkd;avrsm; aumif;rGefaewJh

omoemhajray:0,f o'grsKd;aph&SdaewJh olawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;-


awGuom ,if;rsKd;aphudk MuJcspdkufysKd;jcif;jzifh olawmfaumif;w&m;qkdwJh

toD;tESHrsm;udk &&SdEkdifygw,f/ ,if;toD;tESHwdkYum; w&m;&wem

rkd;BuD; tqufrjywf onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;aewJh omoemhajray:0,f

o'grsKd;aphudk xGef,uf MuJcspdkufysKd;jcif;aMumifh &&SdEkdifwJh ]trwuod-

zv}[k ac:qdkwJh r*foD; zdkvfoD; tNrdKufedAÁmefoD;wkdYyif jzpfMuygw,f/

w&m;rdk;av0oawG aumif;rGefaewJh omoemhajray:0,f MuJcs

pdkufysKd;vdkufwJh o'grsKd;aphu ,if;r*foD; zkdvfoD; tNrdKufedAÁmefoD;wkdYudk

yGifhap oD;apjcif;yif jzpfygw,f/ o'grsKd;aph r&Sdolum; w&m;rkd;av0o-

awG aumif;rGefrSefuefaewJh omoemhajray:0,f xGef,ufpkdufysKd;jcif;

vkyfief;&yfudk rjyKvkyfEkdifygbl;/

o'gw&m; (= o'grsKd;aph) r&Sdygu r*fzdkvfedAÁmefqdkwJh toD;tyGifh-

wdkYudk yGifhapwwfç oD;apwwfwJh pGrf;tif tjynfht0&SdwJh 'geusifhpOfç

oDvusifhpOfç orm"dusifhpOfç 0dyóemusifhpOfqdkwJh ukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk

rjyKusifhEkdifygbl;/ xkdaMumifh o'¨gw&m;onf rao&mtNrdKufedAÁmef

toD;wdkYudk yGifhapwwfç oD;apwwfwJh rsKd;aphESifhvnf; wlygw,f/

txufazmfjyyg taMumif;w&m;wdkYaMumifh toifolawmfaumif;-

\ oEÅmef0,f um,uHpifMu,frI &Sdvmatmif 0pDuHpifMu,frI &Sdvm-

atmif raemuHpifMu,frI &Sdvmatmif o'gw&m;wnf;[laom pnf;pdrf

Opömç o'gw&m;wnf;[laom vufç o'gw&m;wnf;[laom rsKd;aphukd

atmifatmifjrifjrif &S dxm;NyD;jzpfzkdY vkdygw,f/ ,if;o'¨gw&m;udk

a&SUwef;wifum um,uH-0pDuH-raemuHrsm; tNyD;wdkif pifMu,fEkdif-

a&;twGuf toifolawmfaumif;onf t&d,mwdkY\ jzLpifjrifhjrwf-

onfh r*¾if&Spfyg; usifhpOfw&m;wdkYudk pHcsdefrD jynfhjynfhpkHpkH jznfhusifhyg/

1/ or®m0gpmç or®mur®EÅç or®mtmZD0qkdwJh oDvr*¾ifokH;yg;udk

jzLpifatmif jznfhusifhyg?


2/ ,if;oDvwnf;[laom ajray:rSm &yfwnfvsuf or®m0g,mrç

or®mowdç or®morm"dqdkwJh orm"dr*¾ifokH;yg;udk Oypm& tyÜem

ESpfjzmaom orm"dodkYwdkifatmif atmifatmifjrifjrif xlaxmifyg?

3/ ,if;orm"dudk 0dyóem\ tajcyg'u taMumif;&if;tjzpf

xlaxmifum or®m'd|dç or®mouFyÜqdkwJh ynmr*¾ifw&m;ESpfyg;ESifh

jynfhpkHatmif jznfhusifhyg/ opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfudk [kwfwkdif;

rSefpGm xGif;azmufodjrifwwfonfh pwkopöor®m'd|dÓPfudk

&&Sdatmif BudK;yrf;yg?

toifolawmfaumif;\ ---

1/ jzLpifaom udk,fusifhoDvç

2/ wnfMunfaom Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaom orm"dç

3/ opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfudk [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm xGif;azmufodjrif-

wwfonfh pwkopöor®m'd|dÓPfynm ---

þ oDv-orm"d-ynm[lonfh odu©mokH;&yf tusifhjrwfwdkYonf

toifolawmfaumif;\ um,uH-0pDuH-raemuHwdkYudk udavom

tnpftaMu;wdkYrS pifMu,foGm;atmif aq;aMumokwfoifay;onfh

t&d,r*fa&pifwdkYyif jzpfMuygw,f/ ,if;odkY um,uHpifMu,frI

&Sdatmifç 0pDuHpifMu,frI &Sdatmifç raemuHpifMu,frI &dSatmif BudK;pm;

tm;xkwfjcif;udk or®mya,m* (= aumif;rGefrSefuefwJh BudK;pm;tm;-

xkwfrI)[k ac:qdkygw,f/ ,if;or®mya,m*ESifh jynfhpkHjcif;udk ya,m*

orÜwåd[k ac:qdkygw,f/

,ckwifjyaewJh ya,m*orÜwådpufESifhvnf; jynfhpkHvQifç txufu

wifjycJhonfh *wdorÜwådç Oy"dorÜwådç umvorÜwådwkdYESifhvnf; jynfhpkH-

vQif toifolawmfaumif;\ oEÅmef0,f orÜwådpuf (4)yg;vkH; jynfhpkH

oGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/


,if;orÜwådw&m; (4)yg;wdkYu twdwfoHo&m tqufqufu

aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhrdwJhç jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhrdwJh tukodkvfuHa<u;wdkYudk

tusKd;ay;cGifhr&atmif wm;jrpfxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tif tjynfht0 &SdMu-

ygw,f/ wm;jrpfvnf; wm;jrpfxm;Murnfom jzpfygw,f/

xkdaMumifh olawmfaumif;wkdif; olawmfaumif;wdkif;onf tuk-

odkvfuHaMumifh jzpfay:vmrnfh qif;&Jonfh raumif;onfh qkd;npf

,kwfrmonfh tusKd;w&m;wdkYudk tvdkr&SdcJhygvQif um,uH-0pDuH-

raemuHwdkYudk udavom tnpftaMu;wdkYrS uif;a0;jzLpifatmif

aq;aMumokwfoifay;Ekdifonfhç jyKjyifajymif;vJay;Ekdifonfh pGrf;tif

tjynfht0 &SdaewJh oDv-orm"d-ynm odu©mokH;&yf tusifhjrwfjzifh

odrf;usKH;a&wGuftyfonfh r*¾if&Spfyg; tusifhjrwfw&m;wdkYudk ½kdao

usKd;EGHpGm jznfhusifhyg? rdrd\ rnf;npfaewJh pdwf"mwfudk jzLpifjrifhjrwfwJh

pdwf"mwftqifhodkY a&mufatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJay;yg/

]]vlrvkHYvç ewf rçrbl;}}]]vlrvkHYvç ewf rçrbl;}}]]vlrvkHYvç ewf rçrbl;}}]]vlrvkHYvç ewf rçrbl;}}]]vlrvkHYvç ewf rçrbl;}} qdkwJh qkd½dk;pum;ESifhtnD ya,m*puf

csKdUwJhysufpD;cJhvQif twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tuk-

odkvfuHawG[m 0rf;omtm;&ESifh a&SUwef;odkYwufvmum rdrdudk qD;BudK

EIwfqufaeMurSm jzpfw,f/ tvm;wlyJ twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmuf-

wnfusifhokH;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG[mvnf; ac:rnfholç ajymrnfholç

vufqGJEIwfqufrnhfolç tazmfvkyfrnhfol r&SdMuojzifh rsufESmi,fum

aemufodkY rqkwfcsif qkwfcsifESifh qkwfcGmoGm;&wJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;-

zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhroifh &Sdaewwfygw,f/ rD;cJjymzkH;b0odkY a&muf&Sd-

oGm;wwfygw,f/ owdjyKMuavavmh ...

tu,fí ya,m*orÜwådpuf csKdUwJhcJhvdkY a,mufsm;wpfOD;onf

aoonf\ tjcm;rJhrSm i&Jü jzpfvwfaomf wpfckaomuH\ t&Sdeft0g-

onf ukefNyD;vwfaomfç tusKd;ay;NyD;vwfaomf tjcm;aom tukodkvf-

uH\ pGrf;tm;aMumifh i&Jü qufvufum qif;&J'ku©udk cHpm;&OD;rnfom


jzpfw,f/ þenf;tm;jzifh tukodkvfuHwdkYu wpfckNyD;wpfck qufum

qufum tusKd;ay;aevwfaomf i&JrS OD;acgif;udk rajr§mufcsDEkdifawmhbJ

tvkH;pkHaom urÇmywfvkH;aomfvnf; i&Jü qif;&J'ku©udk qufwkduf

cHpm;ae&wwfygw,f/

wpfurÇmywfvkH; i&Jü wnfae&jcif;oabm&dSwJh tukodkvfuHudk

aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhjcif;aMumifh wpfurÇmywfvkH; i&Jü usufpm;ae&-

wJhç 'ku©cHae&wJh owå0gwkdYonfum; wpfa,mufvnf;ruç ESpfa,muf-

vnf;ruç wpf&mvnf;ruç ESpf&mvnf;ruç wpfaxmifvnf;ruç

ESpfaxmifvnf;ru &SdMuygw,f/ þuJhodkY i&Jü usufpm;ae&wJh i&J'ku©

cHpm;ae&wJh owå0gawG[m a&wGufjcif; *Pef;ocFsm\vrf;udk

ausmfvTm;vGefajrmufum oGm;Muukefowwf/ (tbd?|?2?424/)

qdkvdkwmuawmh a&wGufjyEkdifwJh ocFsmq&m[m avmurSm r&Sd-

EdkifvdkY qdkcsifaeygw,f/ Oyrm - jrefrmjynfwpfjynfvkH;ü wnf&SdaewJh

yk&Gufqdwfowå0g wpfrsKd;avmufudkyJ a&wGufMunfhyg? a&wGufvdkY &Ekdifç

r&Ekdifudk oabmaygufygvdrfhr,f/

(*) tkyfpk - uH (4) rsKd;

(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (1) uH - ]]*wd0dywådü wnfae&ol}}

avmurSm tcsKdUtcsKdUaom yk*¾dKvfawG&JUoEÅmefrSm twdwfb0

xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG[mvnf; tvGeYftvGef

rsm;jym;pGm 'keJYa'; &SdaeMuw,f/ ,if;ukodkvfuHawG[m tu,fí

uHydkif&Sifowå0gu vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfqdkwJh *wdorÜwådrSm

&yfwnfaecJhrnfqdkvQifawmh tusKd;ay;EkdifMuwJhoabm &Sd Muw,f/

'gayr,fhvdkY uHydkif&Sifowå0gu tukodkvfuH wpfckcku vufOD;-

oGm;cJhwJhtwGuf aoonf\tjcm;rJhü *wd0dywådjzpfwJh i&JrSmaomf


vnf;aumif;ç tol&um,frSmaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfae&jyefw,f/

xkduJhodkYaom ae&mrsKd;rSm ukodkvfuHawG[m tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef rpGrf;Edkif

jzpfaewwfMujyefw,f/ pifppfrSmrl tukodkvfuHawGuomvQif &Tif&Tif

jyjy rsufESmyef;vSvSjzifh wpfckNyD;wpfck tvkt,uf qufwkduf tusKd;

ay;jcif;iSm pGrf;tifawG jynfh0pkHvifaeMuw,f/

þodkYvQif xdkaumif;rI&Sifowå0g\ jyKpkysKd;axmiftyfNyD;ukefwJhç

aqmufwnfusifhokH;tyfNyD;ukefwJh ukodkvfuHawGu *wd0dywådu

wm;jrpfxm;ukefonfhtwGuf tusKd;ay;jcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdif jzpfaeMuw,f/

tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcgtcGifhudk r&&SdEdkifao; jzpfaewwfMuygw,f/

(tbd?|?2?424/)

(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (2) uH - ]]Oy"d0dywådü wnfae&ol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvfoEÅmefrSmvnf; tvm;wlyif

twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJhç jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhç &SmazG

pkaqmif;cJhwJhç aumif;rIukodkvfuHawG[m 'keJYa'; &SdMujyefw,f/

tu,fí aumif;rI&Sifu ½kyf&nfvSywifhw,fjcif; (= Oy"dorÜwåd)rSm

wnf&Sdaeolom jzpfcJhrnfqdkvQifawmh ,if;aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;wJh

aumif;rIukodkvf t&yf&yfawG[m wpfckNyD;wpfck qufumqufum 'Da&

wufonfhyrm tusKd;ay;EkdifMurSm aocsmoavmuf&Sdw,f/

odkYaomf xkdaumif;rI&Sif[m wpfckaom twdwfb00,f vlUb0odkY

a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHwpfckudk jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhpOfuç

Oyrm -- 'gewpfck jyKcJhpOfu tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfawGtay: rausreyf jzpfae-

jcif;ç vSLzG,f0w¬Ktay: tm;r&jzpfaejcif;ç 0dkif;0ef;ulnDaeolawG

tay:rSm a'goawG xGufaejcif; ponfjzifh a'go"mwfawGu ,if;

aumif;rIukodkvfukd jcH&Hxm;jyefw,f/ odkYr[kwf owå0gawGudk owf-

jzwfumç n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufum tvSL'geyGJwpfckudk usif;ycJhjyefw,f/


odkYr[kwf udk,fhxufom remvkdwJhpdwf"mwfjzifh tvSL'gecsif;awG

tNydKiftqkdifjyKvkyfum wpfzufom;awGtay: tEdkif,lvdkwJh pdwf"mwfç

xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf jyKvkyfvkdwJh pdwf"mwfç &efNidK;zGJUvdkwJh pdwf"mwf

pwJh qkd;npf,kwfrmwJh pdwf"mwfawG jcH&Hum 'geuJhodkYaom ukodkvfuH-

awGudk xlaxmifcJhjyefw,f/

tu,fí orxbm0emç 0dyóembm0emuJhodkYaom bm0em

ukodkvfuHawGudk aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhw,fqdkvQifvnf; ,if;uHawGudk

jyKpkysKd;axmifaepOfrSm oDwif;okH;azmfwdkYtay:ü &efNidK;zGJUjcif;ç raus-

eyfjcif;ç xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbufjyKjcif;qdkwJh vkyfief;&yfawGrSm &yfwnf

aejcif;pwJh a'go"mwfawG jcH&Hum ,if;bm0emukodkvfuHawGudk

jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhjyefw,f/

odkYr[kwf rdrdu w&m;bm0em yGm;rsm;aecJhpOf umvtwGif;rSm

rdrdtm; ypönf;av;yg; axmufyhHvSL'gef;aewJh aus;Zl;&Sif 'g,umç 'g,d-

umr tvSL&SifwdkYtay: rdrdtvdk&Sdwmudk pdwfwdkif;usatmif rvSL'gef;

EkdifonfhtwGuf tm;rvdk tm;r&jzpfjcif;ç rauseyfjcif;pwJh tukodkvf-

awG jcH&Hum ,if;bm0emuHawGudk xlaxmifcJhrdjyefw,f/

þodkYvQif wpfckaom twdwfb0u 'geç oDvç orxç 0dyóem

pwJh wpfckckaom vlUb0a&mufaMumif; aumif;rIukodkvfuHwpfckudk

xlaxmifcJhpOf umv0,f ,if;ukodkvfuHudk a'go"mwf trsKd;rsKd;awGu

jcH&Hxm;cJhrnfqkdvQif ,if;ukokdvfuHudk jcH&Hxm;cJhwJh a'gouJhodkYaom

wpfckaom raumif;rItukodkvfuHaMumifh ysufpD;aom Oy"d½kyf&nf

&Sdjcif; (= Oy"d0dywåd)ü wnfae&jyefw,f? ½kyftqif; rvSry jzpfae&-

jyefw,f? wapä ajrbkwfbDvl;ESifh wlae&jyefw,f? odkYr[kwf usKd;ae

uef;ae&jyefw,f/

,if;uJhodkY Oy"dysufpD;jcif; (= Oy"d0dywåd)rSm wnfae&wJh yk*¾dKvf[m

rif;rsKd;rif;EG,fü vlvmjzpf&onfyif xm;ygOD;? rnfodkYyif rif;rsKd;rif;EG,f-


rSm vlvmjzpf&ayr,fhvdkY rif;t½dkuft&mudk qufcHzdkY&ef rxdkufwefol

jzpfaewwfjyefw,f/ ]]toa&r&SdwJh þrif;om;tm; wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyf

rif;jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh bmtusKd;&SdrSmvJ}} þodkY wkdif;om;jynfol rsm;Adkvf

vlwdkYu ajymqdkjcif;aMumifhç oabmrwlMujcif;aMumifh rif;tjzpfudk

r&Ekdif &Sdwwfjyefw,f/

ppfolBuD;tdrf ponfwdkYü tu,fí vljzpf&onfyif xm;vkdufOD;?

ppfolBuD;&mxl; ponfwdkYudk qufcHzdkY&ef tcGifhtvrf;udk r&&SdEkdif

jzpfaewwfw,f/ tu,fí olaX;om; jzpfvm&w,fyif xm;vkdufOD;?

olaX;&mxl;udk qufcH&&SdzdkY&ef tvGefyif cufcJaewwfjyefw,f/

olwpfyg;udk rauseyfcJhwhJuHawGç n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufcJhwJhuHawGç

&efNidK;zGJUcJhwJhuHawGç xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf vkyfcJhwJhuHawGu rdrdudk

wpfzefjyefí wkefYjyefum aus;Zl;qyfaewwfMujyefw,f/ þt&m0,f

þrv’duma'0Dokwåef (þusrf;pm pmrsufESm -- 87-88 rSm Munfhyg/)wGif

wifjyxm;wJh 'Dyrif;0w¬Kudk t|uxm (tbd?|?2?425/)u wifjyxm;yg-

w,f/ þodkYvQif aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhNyD;wJh ukodkvfuHawG[m Oy"d

0dywådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ray;Ekdif &SdwwfMujyefw,f/

(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (3) uH - ]]umv0dywådü wnfae&ol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvf\ oEÅmefrSmvnf; tvm;wlyif

twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;cJhwJhç jyKpkysKd;axmif

tyfNyD;wJhç pkaqmif;qnf;yl;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG[mvnf; 'keJYa'; rsm;pGm

yif &Sd Muw,f/ xkdaumif;rIukodkvfawG[m aumif;rI&Sifu tu,fí

urÇmOD;umvç pMu0aw;rif;uJhodk Yaom rif;aumif;rif;jrwfawG

ay:xGef;&mumvç bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhxGef;awmfrl&mumvpwJh jynfhpkHwJh

tcsdefumvaumif;awG[k qdktyfwJh umvorÜwådrSm vlvmjzpfcJh&rnf

qdkvQifawmh tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcGifhtvrf;awGu yGifhvef;a0qmvsuf


&SdaeMuygw,f/ ,if;ukodkvfuHawGu ,if;aumif;rI&Sifudk ]]<uawmfrlyg

<uawmfrlyg}}[k qD;BudKum EIwfcGef;qufoaeMurSm jzpfygw,f/

odkYaomf xkdaumif;rI&Sif[m twdwfb0wpfck0,f ,ckvdk vlUb0odkY

a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHawGudk aqmufwnfusifhokH;-

cJhpOfu rdrd\ ,if;ukodkvfuHudk rmefrmeç a'gopwJh udavomw&m;

qdk;wdkY jcH&Hum aumif;rIukodkvfudk jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhrdjyefw,f/

rnfuJhokdYaom rmefrmeç rnfuJhodkYaom a'gow&m;awGygenf;[k

ar;&ef &Sdygw,f/ twdwfb00,f ,if;ukodkvfuHudk xlaxmifcJhpOf

umvü rdrdu tjcm;tjcm;aom olwdkYudk rdrdxuf edrfhuswJhae&mrSm

xm;vdkwJh pdwfxm;ç rdrduom tjrifhuaevdkwJh pdwfxm; &SdcJhw,f/

rnfonfht&mESifhrqkd ,SOfvdkufvQif rdrdu tzufzufrS tomcsnf;

,lvdkwJh pdwfxm;ç wpfzufom;udk tzufzufrSm rdrdatmuf edrfhusap-

vdkwJh pdwfxm;rsKd;om &SdcJhw,f/ þpdwfxm;rsKd;um; rmefrme OD;aqmif

aewJh tukodkvfw&m;awGESifh ,SOfwGJaewJh pdwfxm;rsKd; jzpfw,f/

wpfzef ,if;ukodkvfuHudk xlaxmifaecJhpOftcg0,f wpfzufom;-

awGudk aoapvdkwJh pdwfxm;ç toufwdkapvdkwJh pdwfxm;rsm; &SdcJhzl;

jyefw,f/ q'éfqifrif;Zmwfawmf0,f q'éfqifrif;\ rdzk&m;a[mif;

jzpfol plVokb'´gu q'éfqifrif;udk tpG,fjzwfum taoowfvdkwJh

pdwfxm;jzifh yapöuAk'¨gbk&m;&Sif tqlig;&mwdkYtm; opfoD;qGrf;rsm;

vSL'gef;ylaZmfcJhwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHvdk rSwfyg/

,if;uJhodkY olwpfyg;awGudk aoapvkdwJhpdwfxm;ç toufwdkap-

vdkwJh pdwfxm;ç ysufpD;apvkdwJh pdwfxm;wdkYum; a'goESifh ,SOfwGJaewJh

tukokdvfw&m;wkdY&JU pGrf;tifawGyif jzpfMuygw,f/ ,if;uJhodkY rmeç

a'gopwJh tukodkvfw&m;qkd;wdkY jcH&Hum ukodkvfuHudk xlaxmifrdcJhwJh

twGuf ,if;ukodkvfuHaMumifh vlUb0odkY a&muf&Sdvm&ygaomfvnf;


,if;ukokdvfudk jcH&HcJhwJh rmeç a'gopwJh udavom tnpftaMu;awG

vl;vJayusHaewJh tukodkvfuHaMumifh raumif;aomrif;wdkY ay:ayguf-

&mumvç 'kp½dkuftkd; vlrdkufrsKd;wdkY aygrsm;jzpfxGef; ay:ayguf&m umvç

tzwftumjzpfwJhç tqDMoZmr&SdwJh tpmtm[m&awGudkom rSD0Jae-

xkdif&wJh umvç tvGefwkdawmif;wJh oufwrf;&SdwJh umv þuJhodkYaom

ysufpD;aeonfhumvqdkwJh umv0dywådumvrSm vlvmjzpf&jyefw,f/

vlom;wkdY*wd\ tpGeftzsm;jzpfwJh tcsdefumvyif jzpfw,f/

,if;uJhokdYaom umv0dywåd tcsdefumvüvnf; twdwfb0

xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhzl;wJh tjcm;tjcm;aom ukodkvfuHwdkYonf

BuD;us,fzGHUNzdK; rsm;jrwfwJh tusKd;w&m;awGudk ay;jcif;iSmç jzpfay:ap-

jcif;iSm pGrf;tifawG r&Sd jzpfaeMuw,f/ þodkYvQif aqmufwnfusifhokH;

tyfNyD;wJhç jyKpkysKd;axmiftyfNyD;wJh aumif;rIukodkvfwdkYonf umv

0dywådu wm;jrpfxm;tyfukefonfjzpfí tusKd;ray;EkdifMuavukef/

(tbd?|?2?425/)

(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (4) uH - ]]ya,m*0dywådü wnfaeol}}

tjcm;yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf\ oEÅmefrSmvnf; twdwfb0xkdxkdu

aqmufwnfusifhokH;tyfcJhNyD;MuwJhç jyKpkysKd;axmiftyfNyD;ukefwJh ukodkvf-

uHawG[mvnf; 'keJYa';yJ tvGefrsm;pGm &SdcJhMujyefw,f/ ,if;aumif;rI-

&Sif[m ,ckvdk vlUb0uJhodkYaom aumif;wJh*wdodkY a&muf&SdvmwJh

tcgrSm um,uHpifMu,frIç 0pDuHpifMu,frIç raemuHpifMu,frIawG

&Sdvmatmif oDv-orm"d-ynm odu©mokH;&yf tusifhjrwfawGudk

jynfhjynfhpkHpkH BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;qdkwJh ya,m*orÜwåd xif&Sm;wnf&Sd

aecJhrnfqdkvQif ,if;twdwfu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh ukodkvfuH

awG[m wef;pDNyD; vSnfhvnfvmMurSm jzpfw,f/ olUxufig tvk-

t,uf OD;atmif tusKd;ay;MurSm jzpfw,f/


odkYaomf ,if;aumif;rI&Sifum; --- tZmwowfwdkYvdk ya,m*

0dywådrSm £a`E´&& *kPfodu©m&Sd&SdESifh &yfwnfum zcrnf;awmf&if;udk

aomfvnf; csrf;omcGifhray;bJ olUtoufowfjcif;pwJh tukodkvfur®-

yxw&m; (10)yg; 'kp½dkufw&m;wdkYudk owåd&Sd&Sd ZGJ&Sd&Sd jzifh vGefusL;jyKusifh

aejyefw,f/ vkH;0 oDvr&SdwJh 'kóDvyk*¾dKvf jzpfaMumif;jzpf&m raumif;-

rItukodkvf rSeforQudk ]]&m0iftkd;BuD;twGif;rSm a&awGudk jynfhatmif

jznfhay;aeovdk}} rdrd\ ½kyfemrfoEÅmeftpOfrSm jynfhatmif tjrJwrf;

jznfhay;aejyefw,f/ ya,m*orÜwådpufysufum ya,m*0dywådrSm

£a`E´&& *kPfodu©m&Sd&Sd jyHK;jyHK;&Tif&TifESifh &yfwnfaejyefw,f/

'gwGifruao;bl;? ,if;'kóDvyk*¾dKvfESifh ZmwfwlEG,fwl jzpfukefwJh

trsKd;tEG,fwdkYaomfrSvnf; orD;aqmifrIç orD;ay;ydkYrIqdkwJh xdrf;jrm;

vufxyfjcif; r*FvmtrIawGudk rjyKvkyfMuawmhbJ 'kp½dkufvlrkdufESifh

qufqHrI rjyKcsifwJhtwGuf a&Smifz,faeMujyefw,f/ ]]rdef;rMuL;ç

aoaomufMuL;ç a<utefMuL;qdkwJh tMuL;aygif;pkHaewJh vl,kwfrm-

wnf;}}[k ajymqdkum a0;pGm a&SmifMuOfaeMuw,f/

ya,m*orÜwådpuf csKdUwJhysufpD;um ya,m*0dywådpufxJrSmom

taysmfBuD;aysmfaewJhtwGufaMumifh ,if;'kóDvyk*¾dKvfudk,fwdkif twdwf

b0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG[mvnf; aumif;-

usKd;csrf;om r*FvmtjzmjzmwdkYudk ay;zkdY&ef rpGrf;Ekdif jzpfaeMujyefw,f/

þodkYvQif aqmufwnfusifhokH;tyfcJhNyD;ukefwJh ukodkvfuHawG[m

ya,m*0dywådpufu wm;jrpftyfukefonf jzpfwJhtwGuf tusKd;ray;

EkdifMuawmhay/ (tbd?|?2?425-426/)

þt&m0,f xif&Sm;wJh om"uwpf&yfum; --- tZmwowfrif;\

ya,m*orÜwådpuf csKdU,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;ç ya,m*0dywådpuf\ NyD;pD;

atmifjrifvmjcif;yif jzpfygw,f/ tZmwowfrif;onf zcrnf;awmf

AdrÁ dom&rif;BuD;udk owfNyD;aemufydkif; wpfcsdefwGif bk&m;&Sif\xHawmfrS


omrnzvokwåef omrnzvokwåef omrnzvokwåef omrnzvokwåef omrnzvokwåef ('D?1?44-81/)udk emMum;cGifh &&SdcJhw,f? w&m;emtNyD;

tZmwowfrif; xGufcGmoGm;NyD;aemuf bk&m;&Sifu &[ef;awmfwdkYtm;

þodkY trdefY&Sdawmfrlygw,f ---

cwm,H bdu©a0 &mZm? Oy[wm,H bdu©a0 &mZm? opm,H

bdu©a0 &mZm ydw&H "r®duH "r®&mZmeH ZD0dwm e a0ga&mayóx?

£ro®ða,0 tmoae 0d&ZH 0DwrvH "r®pu©KH OyÜZÆdóx/ ('D?1?81/)

]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... þtZmwowfrif;onf rdrdudk,fudk rdrd

wl;NzdKtyfNyD? rdrdudk,fudk rdrd axmufwnf&mr&atmif zsufqD;tyfNyD?

cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... þtZmwowfrif;onf w&m;apmifhwJh w&m;

rif;BuD;jzpfwJh crnf;awmf AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;udk ZD0dwda`ErS rcscJhukefonf

jzpfjim;tHh? ,if;odkYjzpfcJhaomf þae&mt&yfüyifvQif udavomjrLrIef

r&Sdaom udavomjrLtnpftaMu; uif;pifaom aomwmywådr*f-

ÓPftjrif[lonfh "r®pu©Konf jzpfay:vmukef&m\}}[k rdefYMum;

xm;awmfrl\/ ('D?1?81/)

&wemoHk;yg;udk ,kHMunfcsuf o'¨gw&m; tjynfht0jzifh udk;uG,f

qnf;uyfMuukefaom ykxkZefOygoum 'g,umwdkYwGif tZmwowf-

rif;uJhodkY o'¨gw&m;ESifh jynfhpkHwJh ykxkZefOygoumonf r&SdEdkifay/

,if;uJhodkYaom o'¨gw&m;jzifh &wemokH;yg;udk ,kHMunfpGm udk;uG,f

qnf;uyfcJh\? BuD;pGmaom ylaZmfouúm&trIudk jyKpkysKd;axmifcJh\/

xkdaMumifh omoemawmf\ BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlonfhtwGuf

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfonfh o&P*kHukodkvfç ylaZmfouúm&trI jyKonfh

ukokdvfwYdkvnf; BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfMuw,f/ ,if;uJhodkYaom taMumif;-

w&m;aMumifh wpfpkHwpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvftm; owfjzwfNyD;wJhtcg

yef;wpfqkyfrQ 'Pfaqmifjcif;jzifh tjypfrS vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifh &&Sd

ouJhokdY tvm;wlyif aoonf\ tjcm;rJhü avm[ukrÇDi&Jü jzpf&-


NyD;aemuf tESpfokH;aomif;wdkY umvywfvkH; atmuftzdkYodkY qif;oGm;

NyD;aemuf atmuftjyifodkY a&muf&Sdaomtcg wpfzef txuftzdkYodkY

tESpfokH;aomif;wdkY umvywfvkH; jyefwufvmNyD;aemuf txufrsufESm-

jyifodkY a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg ,if;i&JrS uRwfvGwfcGifh &&SdrSm jzpfygw,f/

('D?|?1?212/)

þ0w¬KtaMumif;t&mü tZmwowfrif;rSm aomwmywåd r*f-

ÓPf zkdvfÓPfwkdYjzifh tocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmf-

jrwfBuD;udk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifavmufatmif vkHavmufaom yg&rD

ukodkvfrsKd;aphwkdYudk jynfhjynfhpkHpkH usifhokH;aqmufwnfxm;NyD;wJh ukodkvf-

uHw&m;awG xif&Sm;&SdaeolwpfOD; jzpfw,f/

odkYaomf xkdw&m;&Ekdifonfhb0wGif oDv-orm"d-ynm[lonfh

odu©mokH;&yf tusifhjrwfwdkYudk jzLjzLpifpif jynfhjynfhpkHpkH jznfhusifhjcif;

ya,m*orÜwådpufysufum aomwmyef t&d,molawmfaumif;

jzpfonfh w&m;apmifhonfh zcrnf;awmfudk owfjzwfjcif;pwJh ya,m*

0dywådpufuGif;xJodkY a&muf&SdoGm;cJhw,f/

,if;ya,m*0dywådpufu wm;jrpfaESmifh,Sufxm;onfhtwGuf

aomwmywåd r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfodkYwdkifatmif a&muf&SdEkdifonfh yg&rD

ukodkvfuHwdkYonf tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcGifhtvrf;udk r&&SdEkdif jzpfoGm;Mu-

ayw,f/ ya,m*0dywådpufu wm;jrpf aESmifh,SufonfhtwGuf bk&m;-

&Sif\ omoemawmfESifh tvGJBuD;vGJum omoemawmfrS t½IH;BuD; ½IH;oGm;

&olwpfOD;yif jzpfayw,f/

þodkYvQif av;rsKd;ukefaom orÜwdåwdkYodkY a&S;½Ia&mufí av;rsKd;-

ukefaom orÜwdåwdkYudk tpGJjyKí tusKd;ay;EkdifonfhpGrf;tm; &Sd Muukef-

aom ukodkvfuHwdkYonf av;rsKd;ukefaom 0dywådwdkYu wm;jrpfxm;-

tyfonfhtwGufaMumifh tusKd;ray;EkdifMuavukef/ (tbd?|?2?425-426??)


(C) tkyfpk - uH (4) rsKd;

(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (1) uH - ]]*wdorÜwådü wnfae&ol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvfoEÅmefüvnf; twdwfb0xkdxkdu

aqmufwnfusifhokH;tyfcJhNyD;wJhç jyKpkysKd;axmiftyfcJhNyD;wJh aumif;rI

ukodkvfuHawG[m 'keJYa';yJ tvGefrsm;jym;pGm &Sd Muayw,f/ ,if;

aumif;rIukodkvfuHwdkY[m tyg,fav;bkHqdkwJh *wd0dywådrSm ,if;

aumif;rI&Sifu wnfaecJhrnfqkdvQifawmh tusKd;ay;EkdifzdkY&ef tcgtcGifh-

udkum; r&Ekdif &Sdwwfayw,f/ odkYaomf xkdaumif;rI&Sifonf wpfckaom

aumif;rIukodkvfuHaMumifh vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfqkdwJh aumif;rGef

jynfhpkHwJh *wdawGrSmom usifvnfae&w,f/

xkdaumif;rGefjynfhpkHwJh *wdorÜwådrSm xkdaumif;rI&Sif\ aumif;rI

ukodkvfawG[m wef;pDum vSnfhvnfvmMuukefNyD; tvSnfhustm;jzifh

aumif;usKd;udk ay;Muukefw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H0,f vlUjynf vlUavmuüç

wpfcgwpf&H0,f ewfjynf ewfavmuüç wpfcgwpf&H0,f jA[®mhjynf

jA[®mhavmuü jzpfapMuukefw,f/ þodkYvQif *wd0dywådu wm;jrpf

xm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ray;EkdifwJh ukodkvfuHawG[m *wdorÜwådodkY a&S;½I

qkdufa&mufvmwJhtcg *wdorÜwådudk tpGJjyKNyD;awmh tusKd;ay;Muukef-

w,f/ (tbd?|?2?426/)

þü xif&Sm;aom om"uwpf&yfum; --- ty'gefygVdawmf (ty'ge?

1?84-86/)ü vm&Sdaom yÍöoDvorm'ged,rax&f\ yg&rDjznfhusifh-

awmfrlcef;yif jzpfayw,f/ ,if;rax&ftavmif;vsm olawmfaumif;-

um; taemr'óDbk&m;&Sif\ omoemawmfwGif;u pwifum yg&rD

aumif;rIukodkvfwdkYudk qnf;yl;pkaqmif;cJhygw,f/

ig;yg;oDvudk a&SUwef;wifum ig;yg;yÍöoDudk cg;0wfykqkd;uJhodkY

jrJatmif rusdK;rayguf rajymufrMum;atmif c½koif;yGwfopfuJhodkY


azG;azG;vuf awmufyatmif orx-0dyóembm0ema&pifwdkYjzifh

xm0pOf aq;aMumokwfoifum apmifhxdef;cJhygw,f/ ,if;orx-

0dyóembm0emwdkYu tm;ay;axmufyhHxm;tyfonfhtwGufaMumifh

ta&mifwvufvuf awmufyaewJh ig;yg;oDvudk aqmufwnfusifhokH;

cJhwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHawGaMumifh taemr'óDbk&m;&Sif\ omoem-

awmfrS 'Da*gwrbk&m;&Sif\ omoemawmfodkYwdkifatmif tyg,f

av;bkHokdY wpfcgrQ rvm;a&muf&bJ vlUjynfç ewfjynfawGrSmyJ pkHqef

usifvnfaecJh&ygw,f/

tESpfwpfodef;wdkYumvywfvkH; qufwdkuf aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh

orx-0dyóembm0emuHwdkYu 0dkif;0ef;axmufyHhxm;wJh oDvukodkvf-

uHwdkY\ pGrf;[kefawG[m vlUjynfç ewfjynfqdkwJh *wdorÜwådudk tpGJjyKum

qufwdkuf tusKd;ay;aewJh xkH;a[mif;wpf&yfyif jzpfygw,f/

(ty'ge?1?84-86/)

(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (2) uH - ]]Oy"dorÜwådü wnfaeol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvfoEÅmefrSmvnf; twdwfb0xkdxkdu

aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;tyfNyD;wJhç qnf;yl;pkaqmif;xm;tyfNyD;wJhç

jyKpkysKd;axmiftyfcJhNyD;wJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHawG[m 'keJYa'; &Sd Muygw,f/

,if;aumif;rIukodkvfuHawG[m aumif;rI&Sifu tusnf;weft½kyfqkd;

aer,f? rvSry rwifhrw,f jzpfaer,f? wapä ajrbkwfbDvl;ESifh wlae-

r,fqkdvQif Oy"d½kyf&nf\ ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;jcif; Oy"d0dywådrSm wnf&Sd

aew,fvdkY qdk&w,f/ ,if;uJhokdY Oy"d0dywådrSm wnf&SdaernfqkdvQif-

awmh twdwfu rdrdpkaqmif;xm;cJhwJh ,if;aumif;rIukodkvfuHawG[m

tusKd;ay;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm; r&Sd jzpfEkdifygw,f/

odkYaomf xkdaumif;rI&Sif[m wpfcsdefu vlUb0odkY a&mufaMumif;

jzpfwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHawGudk aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh tydkif;rSm


jzLpifjrifhjrwfwJh oDvwnf;[laom ajray:rSm &yfwnfNyD;awmh a'go

"mwfawG rjcH&HbJ arwåmç u½kPmç rk'dwmç Oayu©mqdkwJh jA[®pdk&f

"mwfawG jcH&Hum 'getp&SdwJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHawGudk jyKpkysKd;axmif-

cJhw,f/

owå0gawGudk cspfcifzG,fowå0gtjzpf arwåmjA[®pdk&frsufvkH;ESifh

½IMunfhwwfw,f? rkef;p&mowå0gtjzpf r½Ijrifwwfbl;? oem;p&m

owå0gtjzpf u½kPmjA[®pdk&frsufvkH;ESifh ½IMunfhwwfw,f? n§Of;yef;

ES dyfpufxkdufwJh owå0gtjzpf r½Ijrifwwfbl;? 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m owå0g

tjzpf rk'dwmjA[®pdk&frsufvkH;ESifh ½IMunfhwwfw,f? rvdkvm;tyfwJh

owå0gtjzpf r½Ijrifwwfbl;? rdrd jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh uH\tusKd;w&m;udk

okH;aqmifcHpm;aewJh owå0gtjzpf Oayu©mjA[®pdk&frsufvkH;ESifh ½IMunfh

wwfw,f? r½IpdrfhEdkifwJhç cGifhrvTwfEkdifwJh rsufvkH;ESifh r½Ijrifwwfbl;/

,ckvdk jA[®pdk&frsufvkH;awGESifh owå0gawGtay:rSm tjrJwrf;

½IMunfhvsuf 'ge-oDv-orx-0dyóem tpjzmwJh aumif;rIukodkvf-

uHawGudk aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhw,f? jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhw,f/ ,if;uJhodkY

aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;wJh ukodkvfuHrsm;pGmxJu txl;ojzifh arwåm

"mwfawG jcH&Hxm;wJh aumif;rIukodkvfuHwpfcku vlUb0odkYa&muf-

atmif ydkYaqmifay;vkdufwJhtcg ½kyftqif; vSywifhw,fjcif;qdkwJh Oy"d

orÜwådESifh jynfhpkHvm&w,f? tvGef tqif;vSw,f? ½IcsifpzG,f wifhw,ff

w,f? MunfndKzG,f*kPfudk aqmifxm;Ekdifw,f? jA[®mrif;\ twåabm-

ESifhwlwJh cE¨mudk,ftwåabmudk aqmifxm;Ekdifw,f? Oy"dorÜwdåüom

&yfwnfae&w,f/

twdwfu uHudk xlaxmifcJhpOfb0u olwpfyg;awGudk cspfp&m

owå0gtjzpf arwåmjA[®pkd&frsufvkH;jzifh Munfh½IcJhwJhtwGuf Oy"dorÜwåd-

ESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rdrdudkvnf; cspfcifjrwfEkd;wJh arwåmjA[®pkd&frsufvkH;jzifh

Munfh½IrnfholawG[m 0dkif;0kdif;vnfaewwfw,f/ olwpfyg;awGudk


oem;p&mowå0gtjzpf u½kPmjA[®pkd&frsufvkH;jzifh Munfh½IcJhwJhtwGuf

Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rdrdudkvnf; oem;Muifemonfh rsufvkH;jzifh

Munfh½IrnfholawG[m 0dkif;0kdif;vnfaewwfw,f/ olwpfyg;wdkY&JU atmif-

jrifrI t00udk 0rf;omwJh rk'dwmjA[®pkd&frsufvkH;jzifh Munfh½IcJhwJhtwGuf

Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rdrdudkvnf; auseyfwJh rsufvkH;ç Munf&Tif

0rf;ajrmufwJh rsufvkH;wdkYjzifh Munfh½IaewJh yk*¾dKvfawG[mvnf; 0dkif;0kdif;-

vnfaewwfw,f/

wpfzufom;awGtay:rSm rdrdu ]]olwdkY[m olwdkY jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh

uHESifhavsmfnDpGm aumif;usKd;qkd;usKd;awGudk pHpm; cHpm;aeMu&wmyJ}}vdkY

uHçuH\tusKd;w&m;udk wwfodem;vnfwJh Oayu©mjA[®pkd&frsufvkH;jzifh

Munfh½IwwfcJhwJhtwGuf Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rdrdudkvnf;

]]aMomf...bkef;uHBuD;rm;ygaypGç uHaumif;ygaypG}}[k uHçuH\tusKd;udk

oabmusvufcHaewJh Oayu©mjA[®pkd&frsufvkH;jzifh Munfh½IaewJh olawG-

[mvnf; 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaewwfygw,f/ Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rdrdudk

&GH&Smrkef;wD;wJh rsufvkH;ç tMuifemuif;rJhwJh rsufvkH;ç 0rf;rajrmufEdkifwJh

rsufvkH;ç uHçuH\tusKd;udk em;rvnfwJh rsufvkH;wdkYjzifh Munfh½Irnfh

olawGç Munfh½IaewJh olawG[m r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;yg;aewwfygw,f/

þodkYvQif xkdaumif;rI&Sifu Oy"dorÜwådrSm &yfwnfaeonfh

twGufaMumifh twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhç aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhwJh

aumif;rIukokdvfuH t00wdkYonf wpfckNyD;wpfck wef;pDum aumif;usKd;

csrf;om r*FvmtjzmjzmwdkYudk ay;wwfMuw,f/

xkdaumif;rI&Sifonf tu,fí rif;rsKd;rif;EG,fü jzpfjim;tHh? ,if;odkY

jzpfvwfaomf rdrdrS wpfyg;ukefaom tjcm;tjcm;ukefaom toufBuD;-

Muukefaom aemifawmfhaemifawmf rif;om;wdkYonf xif&Sm;&Sdygukef

aomfvnf; --- ]]þrif;om;\ cE¨mudk,ftwåabmonf jynfhpkH\?]]þrif;om;\ cE¨mudk,ftwåabmonf jynfhpkH\?]]þrif;om;\ cE¨mudk,ftwåabmonf jynfhpkH\?]]þrif;om;\ cE¨mudk,ftwåabmonf jynfhpkH\?]]þrif;om;\ cE¨mudk,ftwåabmonf jynfhpkH\?

a,mufsm;jrwfwfdkY\ vu©PmESifh jynfhpkH\/ þrif;om;onf xD;jzLudka,mufsm;jrwfwfdkY\ vu©PmESifh jynfhpkH\/ þrif;om;onf xD;jzLudka,mufsm;jrwfwfdkY\ vu©PmESifh jynfhpkH\/ þrif;om;onf xD;jzLudka,mufsm;jrwfwfdkY\ vu©PmESifh jynfhpkH\/ þrif;om;onf xD;jzLudka,mufsm;jrwfwfdkY\ vu©PmESifh jynfhpkH\/ þrif;om;onf xD;jzLudk


pdkufxlaptyfaomf wkdif;om;jynfol rsm;AdkvfvlwdkY\ csrf;omjcif;onfpdkufxlaptyfaomf wkdif;om;jynfol rsm;AdkvfvlwdkY\ csrf;omjcif;onfpdkufxlaptyfaomf wkdif;om;jynfol rsm;AdkvfvlwdkY\ csrf;omjcif;onfpdkufxlaptyfaomf wkdif;om;jynfol rsm;AdkvfvlwdkY\ csrf;omjcif;onfpdkufxlaptyfaomf wkdif;om;jynfol rsm;AdkvfvlwdkY\ csrf;omjcif;onf

jzpfayvwåHU}}jzpfayvwåHU}}jzpfayvwåHU}}jzpfayvwåHU}}jzpfayvwåHU}}[k þodkYwdkifyifum xkdOy"dorÜwådESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rif;om;-

udkyifvQif rif;tjzpfü tbdodufa&pifjzifh oGef;zsef;Muukefw,f/

tu,fí xkdaumif;rI&Sifonf tdrfa&SUrif;\tdrf ponfwdkYü

vljzpfvmvwfaomf zciftdrfa&SUrif;\ uG,fvGef&mtcgü tdrfa&SUrif;

tjzpfudkaomfvnf;aumif;ç ppfolBuD;&mxl;udkaomfvnf;aumif;ç

b@mpdk;&mxl;udkaomfvnf;aumif;ç olaX;&mxl;udkaomfvnf;aumif;

&&SdEkdifw,f/ þodkYvQif Oy"d0dywådu wm;jrpfxm;tyfukefonfhtwGuf

tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef rpGrf;EkdifjzpfaeMuwJh ukodkvfuHawG[m Oy"dorÜwådokdY

a&S;½Iqkdufa&mufvmwJhtcg Oy"dorÜwådudk tpGJjyKNyD;awmh tusKd;ay;Mu-

ukefw,f/ (tbd?|?2?426/)

rdrdu arwåmç u½kPmç rk'dwmç Oayu©mqdkwJh rsufvkH;awGESifh

wpfzufom;awGudk MunfhcJhwJhuHawGudk xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf xkduHawG-

aMumifh rdrdukd cspfcifjrwfEkd;wJh rsufvkH;ç Muifemoem;wJh rsufvkH;ç Munf&Tif

0rf;ajrmufwJh rsufvkH;ç rdrdrSm tusKd;ay;aewJhuHudk wwfodem;vnfwJh

rsufvkH;awGESifh MunfhrnfholawGç MunfhcsifolawGç csD;ajr§mufcsifwJholawG

0dkif;0kdif;vnfaejcif;yif jzpfygw,f/

(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (3) uH - ]]umvorÜwådü wnfaeol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvf\ oEÅmefüvnf; twdwfb0xkdxkd-

u aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;tyfNyD;wJhç jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;tyfNyD;wJh

aumif;rIukodkvfuHawG[m 'keJYa'; &Sd Muw,f/ ,if;aumif;rIukodkvf-

uHawG[m raumif;aomrif;ç 'kp½dkuftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk jrwfEkd;zG,f&m

*kPf,lzG,f&m rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;BuD;awGtjzpf todtrSwfjyKum

rdwfzGJUxm;MuwJh 'kp½dkuform; vlrkdufrsm;wkdY jzpfxGef;ay:ayguf&m

ysufpD;aeaom umv[k ac:qdktyfwJh umv0dywådü &yfwnfae&aom


ol\oEÅmef0,f tusKd;ay;Ekdifonfh pGrf;tm; r&Sd jzpfaeMuw,f/

odkYaomf xkdaumif;rI&Sifonfum; twdwfb0xkdxkd0,f aumif;rI

ukokdvfwdkYudk qnf;yl;pkaqmif;cJhpOfu tkdemaoa&;'ku©ab; t00wdkYrS

uif;vGwf&medAÁmefudk arQmfrSef;um p&PrsKd;aphaumif;awGudk jyKpk

ysKd;axmifcJhjyefw,f/ oDvudk jzLpifpGm apmifhpnf;cJhw,f/ £a`E´wdkYudk

vkHjcHKpGm apmifhpnf;cJhw,f/ o'¨gç owdç [d&Dç MowåyÜç 0D&d,ç ynm

tpjzmonfh olawmfaumif;w&m;awGudk jynfhpkHatmif BudK;yrf;cJhw,f/

þodkY jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhonfh aumif;rIukodkvfuHawGxJu wpfck-

aom aumif;rIukodkvfuHaMumifh rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwdkY ay:ayguf&m

tcsdefumvç olawmfoljrwfwdkY jzpfxGef;&m tcsdefumvç bk&m;&SifwdkY

yGifhxGef;ay:awmfrl&m tcsdefumvqkdwJh umvorÜwådrSm vljzpfvm&jyef-

w,f/ ,if;uJhodkYaom jynfhpkHwJh acwfaumif;umvaumif;[k ac:qdk-

tyfwJh umvorÜwådrSm vljzpfvm&wJh aumif;rIukodkvf&Sif\ oEÅmefü

twdwfu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhonfh aumif;rIukodkvfuHwdkYonf

tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcgtcGifh yGifhvef;vmMuayw,f/ (tbd?|?2?426/)

þt&m0,f t|uxmu t&Sifr[maomPrax&fç t&Sif-t&Sifr[maomPrax&fç t&Sif-t&Sifr[maomPrax&fç t&Sif-t&Sifr[maomPrax&fç t&Sif-t&Sifr[maomPrax&fç t&Sif-

0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY\ 0w¬KZmwfaMumif;rsm;udk azmfjy

xm;ygw,f/ t&Sifr[maomPrax&fjrwfBuD;um; wdóolykef

ab;BuD; x<upOftcgu opfrnfpnfoD; rrSnfhwrSnfhwdkYudk cGJum taph

xkwfxm;onfh vlwdkY pGefYypfxm;cJhonfh opfrnfpnfoD;tcGHwdkYudkvnf;

bkOf;ay;cJh&\? ukrkj'mMum½dk;wdkYudkvnf; bkOf;ay;cJh&\? awmiSufaysm-

yifwkdY\ tcGHtzwfwdkYudk csifa&G;EG,fçcsifa&G;&GufwdkYESifh waygif;wnf;

EkyfEkyfpOf;um tqkyfjyKvkyfxm;onfh [if;&GufqkyfwdkYudkvnf; ESpfaygif;

rsm;pGm bkOf;ay;cJh&\/

odkYaomf jAm[®Pwdóolykefab;BuD; Nidrf;at;oGm;aomtcg

umvu&Gm r@vm&mrausmif;wkdufodkY qkdufa&mufpOf (700)ukef-


aom &[ef;oHCmwdkYESifhtwl umvu&GmwGif;okdY qGrf;cH<uawmfrl&m

(9)awmifrQ twdkif;t&Snf&Sdaom ydwfpaygif; (700)wdkYudkvnf;aumif;ç

rGefjrwfaom qGrf;cJzG,fabmZOf tjynfhxnfhxm;onfh qGrf;oydwf

tvkH;aygif; (700)wdkYudkvnf;aumif; wpfaeYwnf;rSmyif &&SdawmfrlcJh-

avonf/

tEk&m"NrdKU r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;odkY qdkufa&mufawmfrl-

aomtcgüum; vSL'gef;ylaZmfMuukefaom ypönf;av;yg;wdkY\ twdkif;-

twmyrmPonfum; wkdif;wmí r&avmufatmif rsm;jym;cJhayw,f/

þodkYvQif umv0dywådtcgor,ü opfrnfpnfoD;tcGHonfvnf;-

aumif;ç ukrkj'mMum½kd;onfvnf;aumif; tvGef&cJaom oabm&Sdonfh

'kv’bw&m;wpfck jzpfcJh&ayw,f/ odkYaomf umvorÜwådokdY qkduf-

a&mufvmaomtcgüum; ,if;uJhodkYaom azmfjyyg rsm;pGmukefaom

vmbfvmbonf xif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhayw,f/ (tbd?|?2?426-430/)

t&Sif0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;onfvnf; &SifomraP

b0u jAm[®Pwdóolykefab;BuD; qkdufa&mufpOfumv0,f xef;oD;

wdkYudkvnf; okH;aqmifcJh&\? awmopfjrpfç opfOç opfzkç opf&GufwdkYudk-

vnf; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm okH;aqmifcJh&\/ wjznf;jznf; &Sif&[ef;tjzpfodkY

a&muf&SdawmfrlvmcJh\/ jA[®Pwdóolykefab;BuD; Nidrf;at;vwf-

aomtcg oifhwifhavsmufywfaomt&yfü aexkdifum ygVdawmfrsm;udk

t|uxmESifhwuG oif,lawmfrl\/ yd#uokH;ykHudk EIwfikHaqmifEkdifonfh

tqifhokdY a&muf&SdoGm;\/ wdyd#u"&0wåAÁuedaj*m"trnf&onfh

rax&fjrwfBuD;wpfyg; jzpfawmfrlvm\/

wpfaeYwGif 0wåAÁuedaj*m"rax&fjrwfBuD;[m rsm;pGmukefaom

&[ef;oHCmawmftaygif; jcH&Hum tpOfojzifh c&D;a'opm&D <ucsD-

awmfrlvm&m r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdkufBuD;odkY qkdufa&mufawmfrlvm

ayw,f/ a&muf&SdawmfrlNyD;aemuf r[maAm"dudkvnf;aumif;ç r[m-


apwDawmfudkvnf;aumif;ç xlyg&mrapwDawmfudkvnf;aumif; zl;ajrmf

uefawmhNyD;aemuf NrdKUwGif;odkY qGrf;cH<u0ifawmfrl&m wdpD0&dwfouFef;-

aygif;rsm;pGmç qGrf;ç qGrf;[if;pwJh rsm;pGmukefaom ylaZmfouúm&wkdYudk

vnf;aumif; &&SdawmfrlcJhygw,f/

þodkYvQif umv0dywådtcg0,f xef;oD;ç opfOç opfzkç opfjrpfç

opf&Gufonfyif tvGef&cJaom 'kv’bwpfck jzpfcJhayw,f/ odkYaomf

umvorÜwådtcgüum; þuJhodkY oabm&SdwJh rsm;pGmaom vmbfvmb-

awG[m xif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhayw,f/

þodkYvQif umv0dywådu wm;jrpfxm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;jcif;iSm

rpGrf;EkdifMuwJh twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;cJhMuwJh ukodkvf-

uHawG[m umvorÜwådokdY a&S;½Iqkdufa&mufvmwJhtcg umvorÜwåd

qkdwJh trSDaumif;udk &&SdwJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;EkdifMuukefw,f/

(tbd?|?2?430-433/)

(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (4) uH -]]ya,m*orÜwådü wnfaeol}}

tjcm;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvf\ oEÅmefrSmvnf; tvm;wlyif

twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;xm;tyfcJhNyD;MuwJhç jyKpk

ysKd;axmifxm;cJhNyD;MuwJhç &SmazGpkaqmif; qnf;yl;xm;cJhMuwJh p&PrsKd;aph

0dZÆmrsKd;aphpwJh edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif; yg&rDrsKd;aph ukodkvfw&m; taygif;

wdkY[m xif&Sm;wnf&SdcJhMuw,f/ ukodkvfuHawGudk rsm;pGm xlaxmif

cJhMuw,f/ ,if;aumif;rIukodkvfuHawG[m ya,m*0dywådü uHydkif&Sif

owå0gu &yfwnfaernfqkdvQifawmh tusKd;ay;EdkifrSm r[kwfMuay/

tu,fí ,if;aumif;rI&Sifu um,uHpifMu,frIç 0pDuHpifMu,f-

rIç raemuHpifMu,frI &Sdatmif oDv-orm"d-ynmqdkwJh odu©mokH;&yf

tusifhjrwfawGudk rjznfhusifhbJ tukodkvfur®yxw&m; (10)yg;

'kp½dkufw&m;wkdYudk Nrdefa&&Sufa& tm;&Sdyg;&Sd r&SufraMumuf &J&J0Hh0Hh


vGefusL;aejyefw,fqdkvQif rdpäm'd|dudk a&SUwef;wifum ]]'Db0 'Dudk,fpH?

[dkb0 [kdukd,fcHvdrfhr,f}}qkdwJh ,kHMunfcsufç ]]b0qdkwm ykcufESifh

acgif;tMum;rSmom &Sdw,f? acgif;[dkbuf bmrQr&Sd}}qkdwJh ,kHMunfcsuf -

'Dvdk cH,lcsufawGESifh rormrI trsKd;rsKd;awGudk jyKusifhaejyefw,fqdkvQif

,if;odkY jyKusifhaexkdifjcif;udk ya,m*orÜwådpuf ysufpD;um ya,m*

0dywådpufü &yfwnfaew,fvdkY qdk&w,f/

tu,fí xkdaumif;rI&Sif[m ,if;uJhodkY ya,m*0dywådü &yfwnf

aecJhr,fqkdvQifawmh twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG[m

tusKd;ay;zkdY&ef tcgtcGifhrom jzpfaerSm aocsmoavmuf &Sdw,f/

0ifa&mufum tusKd;awmh ay;csifyg&JU? odkYaomf 'kp½dkufwHcg;BuD;u

ydwfqD;um&Hxm;wJhtwGuf a&SUudk ausmfwufvdkY r&Ekdif jzpfaerSm

aocsmoavmuf &Sdw,f/

okdYaomf xkdaumif;rI&Sifum; twdwfb0xkdxkd0,f p&PrsKd;aph-

aumif;awGudk atmifatmifjrifjrif xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf ,if;p&P-

rsKd;aphqdkwJh ukodkvfuHawGu or®m'd|dt,l&SdwJh rdaumif;baumif;ç

rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;ç q&maumif;orm;aumif;awGESifh awGUatmifç

bk&m;tp&Sdaom olawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;wkdYESifh awGUatmif

ydk Yaqmifay;vkdufwJhtwGuf ,if;olawmfaumif;wkdY\ tqkH;trü

&yfwnfum or®mya,m*qdkwJh aumif;rGefrSefuefwJh BudK;pm;tm;xkwf-

jcif; vkHYvya,m*ESifh jynfhpkHum ya,m*orÜwådpufe,fajrrSm ckdifckdifcHhcHh

&yfwnfaejyefw,f/

pifMu,fwJh um,okp½dkufç 0pDokp½dkufç raemokp½dkufawGudk

jynfhpkHapw,f/ ig;yg;oDvç q,fyg;oDvwkdYudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf-

w,f/ bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrl&m odkYr[kwf bk&m;&SifwdkY\

tqkH;tr omoemawmfjrwfBuD; xGef;vif;awmufyae&m tcsdefum-

vaumif;qdkwJh umvorÜwådrSm vljzpfvm&wJh xkdaumif;rI&Sif\txHodkY


tjcm;tjcm;olawGudk rqkdxm;bd/ wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfaeolwdkY

udk,fwkdifuaomfvnf; tzdk;wef&wem tqifwefqmtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYjzifh

wefqmqifxm;tyfukefwJh rif;orD;awG[m ]]þoltm;om avsmuf-

ywfukef\}}[k ajymqdkum ydkYaqmifvmMujyefw,f? ,mOftrsKd;rsKd;ESifh

ywåjrm;ç a&Tç aiGtp&SdwJh xkdxdkvufaqmifyPÖmawG[m ]]þolawmf-

aumif;ESifhom avsmfavsmufywf aumif;jrwfygaypG xkdufwefygaypG}}[k

ajymqdkum ydkYaqmifvmMujyefw,f/

tu,fí xkdaumif;rI&Sif[m bk&m;&SifwkdY yGifhxGef;awmfrl&m

umvorÜwådaumif;ü vljzpfvm&wJhtwGuf twdwfu rdrdjyKpkysKd;-

axmifcJhwJh 0dZÆmrsKd;aphaumif;ç p&PrsKd;aphaumif;qdkwJh yg&rDw&m;

taygif;wdkYuvnf; vIHUaqmf wkdufwGef;vkdufwJhtcg oDv-orm"d-ynm

odu©mokH;&yf tusifhjrwfjzifh odrf;usKH;a&wGuftyfonfh r*¾if&Spfyg;

usifhpOfw&m;awGudk wu,fvufawGU atmifatmifjrifjrif usifhMuH

BudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;qdkwJh ya,m*orÜwådü aumif;pGm

&yfwnfEkdifonfh &Siftjzpfç &[ef;tjzpfodkY aumif;pGm uyfa&mufcJhonf

jzpfcJhygrl &SifjzpfcJhaomfç &[ef;jzpfcJhaomf tjcHt&Hrsm;jym;ol jzpf&w,f/

bkef;uHBuD;rm;olç wefckd;tmEkabmfBuD;rm;ol jzpf&jyefw,f/ xkdodkY

jzpf&mü þum; 0w¬Kwpfckwnf;/

t&SifplVok"r®rax&fjrwfBuD;

oD[dkVfuRef;udk xD;jzLtkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfcJhzl;onfh ul#uPÖrif;onf

*d&d*gruPÖt&yfü oDwif;okH;awmfrlavh&SdwJh t&SifplVok"r®rax&f-

jrwfBuD;udk tvGef MunfndKjrwfEkd;cJhayw,f/ rdrd\ udk,fydkifOpömjzpfwJh

tvGeftzkd;xkdufwefwJh rPdaZmw jynfwefjruJhodkYaom ywåjrm;&wem

wpfcktay:ü ESpfoufjrwfEkd;ouJhodkY rax&fjrwfBuD;udk tvGeftrif;

MunfndKjrwfEkd;awmfrlcJhayw,f/


,if;ul#uPÖrif;[m OyÜv0gydt&yf0,f acwåaexkdifpOf t&Sif-

plVok"r®rax&fjrwfBuD;udk oGm;a&mufyifhac:apw,f/ rax&fjrwf-

BuD;vnf; <uvmawmfrlum rmvm&mrausmif;wkdufrSm acwå oDwif;okH;

awmfrlvkdufygw,f/ ul#uPÖrif;u t&SifplVok"r®rax&fjrwfBuD;\

r,fawmfudk ]]rax&fjrwfBuD;[m b,fvdktpmtm[m&udk ESpfNcdKuf-

awmfrlygovJ}}vdkY ar;jref;Munfhw,f/ r,fawmfBuD;uvnf; ]]t&Sif-

rif;BuD; ...opfOudk ESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f}}[k oHawmfOD;wifvkduf-

ygw,f/ ul#uPÖrif;u opfOudk ,laqmifum ausmif;wkdufawmfodkY

oGm;vkdufNyD;aemuf t&SifplVok"r®rax&fjrwfBuD;tm; ,if;opfOudk

vSL'gef;avaomf rax&fjrwfBuD;\ rsufESmawmfudk armfzl;jcif;iSm

rpGrf;Ekdif jzpfcJh&w,f? armfrMunfhcJh&bl;? rax&fjrwfBuD;\ bkef;uH[m

þrQBuD;rm;awmfrlygayw,f/

xkdul#uPÖrif;u ausmif;rSxGufvmwJhtcg ausmif;y&d0kPf

jyifbufa&mufawmh rdzk&m;BuD;udk ]]rax&fjrwfBuD;&JU Oy"d½kyf&nf[m

b,fvdkaeygovJ}}vdkY ar;Munfhw,f/

]]t&Sifrif;jrwf...t&Sifrif;jrwf[m a,mufsm;&ifhrBuD; jzpfyg-

vsuf rax&fjrwfBuD;&JU rsufESmawmfudk armfzl;ajrmfjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdif

&SdwkHao;w,f/ bk&m;uRefawmfr[m b,fvdkvkyfNyD; pGrf;EkdifawmhrSmvJ¿

rax&fjrwfBuD;&JU Oy"d½kyf&nf[m b,fvdkaew,fqdk rodyg}}[k þodkY

oHawmfOD;wifvkdufw,f/

xkdtcg ul#uPÖrif;u ]]ig\ wkdif;EkdifiHrSm ightm; tcGefqufo

ae&wJh ol<u,f&JUom;udk armfízl;ajrmfjcif;iSm r&J0Hh &SdcJhw,f/ tarmif-

wdkY ...jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrnfonf tvGefBuD;jrwfawmf-

rlygaypG}}[k ajymqkdum vufcarmif;cwfavw,f/ (tbd?|?2?433/)

þodk YvQif twdwfb0xkdxkdu aqmufwnfusifhokH;tyfcJhNyD;ukef-


aom aumif;rIukodkvfuHwdkYonf xkdaumif;rI&Sif\ orÜwåd (4)yg;wkdYokdY

a&S;½Ia&mufí orÜwåd (4)yg;wkdYudk tpGJjyKum ewfjynfavmurS vlUjynf

avmuokdYç vlUjynfavmurS ewfjynfavmuokdYç þodkYvQif csrf;om&m

XmewpfckrS csrf;om&mXmewpfckodkY aqmif,lum urÇmwpfodef;wdkY

umvywfvkH;aomfvnf; aumif;usKd;csrf;om r*FvmtjzmjzmwdkYudk

ay;NyD;aemuf edAÁmefodkY ta&mufydkYaqmifay;jcif; oabmw&m; xif&Sm;

&Sdayonf[k od&Sdygayav olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkY ...

þorÜwåd (4)yg;ç 0dywåd (4)yg;ESifh qufpyfaeonfh ukodkvfuH

tukodkvfuHwdkY\ tusKd;ay;ykH oabmw&m;udk em;vnfygu þ,ck

wifjyvwåHUjzpfaom --- ]]tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf}}]]tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf}}]]tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf}}]]tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf}}]]tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf}} trnfwyf-

xm;aom rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmfudk zwf½IMunfhygu

rvd’umrdzk&m;\ ar;cGef;ESifh bk&m;&Sif\ tajzpum;&yfwkdYudk ydkifydkif

EkdifEkdif oabmaygufem;vnfEkdifrnf jzpfayonf/ xkdokdY em;vnf

oabmaygufygu þrQ&Snfvsm;pGm a&;om;vkduf&aom ed'gef;udk

a&;om;&usKd;eyfayNyD[k oabmydkufum MunfEl;0rf;ajrmufaernfom

jzpfayonf/

þokwåefa'oemawmfudk wpfcsdefu "r®m½kHwpfckwGif a[mMum;

cJhzl;\/ ,if;w&m;awmfukd em,l&olwdkYu pmtkyftjzpf zwf½Ivdkyg-

aMumif;udk wifjyavQmufxm;vmMuonfhtwGuf ]]vkdwkd;ç yd kavQmh}}

pepfudk tokH;jyKum pm½IolwdkY\ vuf0,fodkYa&mufatmif ydkYaqmif-

vkduf&ayownf; ...

olawmfaumif;"mwf w&m;jrwf vTrf;ywfurÇmwnfapaom0f ...olawmfaumif;"mwf w&m;jrwf vTrf;ywfurÇmwnfapaom0f ...olawmfaumif;"mwf w&m;jrwf vTrf;ywfurÇmwnfapaom0f ...olawmfaumif;"mwf w&m;jrwf vTrf;ywfurÇmwnfapaom0f ...olawmfaumif;"mwf w&m;jrwf vTrf;ywfurÇmwnfapaom0f ...

zm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmf

d d d

6868686868 ! zm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmf

'Dvdk oHo&mc&D; qufwJhtydkif;umv'Dvdk oHo&mc&D; qufwJhtydkif;umv'Dvdk oHo&mc&D; qufwJhtydkif;umv'Dvdk oHo&mc&D; qufwJhtydkif;umv'Dvdk oHo&mc&D; qufwJhtydkif;umvrrrrr Sm rdrdwdk Y\Sm rdrdwdk Y\Sm rdrdwdk Y\Sm rdrdwdk Y\Sm rdrdwdk Y\

b0wpfckonf tqifhtwef; jrif hrm;aewJhb0wpfckonf tqifhtwef; jrif hrm;aewJhb0wpfckonf tqifhtwef; jrif hrm;aewJhb0wpfckonf tqifhtwef; jrif hrm;aewJhb0wpfckonf tqifhtwef; jrif hrm;aewJh

b0wpfck jzpfa&; odk Yr[kwf tvGefb0wpfck jzpfa&; odk Yr[kwf tvGefb0wpfck jzpfa&; odk Yr[kwf tvGefb0wpfck jzpfa&; odk Yr[kwf tvGefb0wpfck jzpfa&; odk Yr[kwf tvGef

tqifhtwef; edrf husaewJhtqifhtwef; edrf husaewJhtqifhtwef; edrf husaewJhtqifhtwef; edrf husaewJhtqifhtwef; edrf husaewJh

b0wpfck jzpfa&;twGufb0wpfck jzpfa&;twGufb0wpfck jzpfa&;twGufb0wpfck jzpfa&;twGufb0wpfck jzpfa&;twGuf

b,fw&m;awGu jyKjyifajymif;vJb,fw&m;awGu jyKjyifajymif;vJb,fw&m;awGu jyKjyifajymif;vJb,fw&m;awGu jyKjyifajymif;vJb,fw&m;awGu jyKjyifajymif;vJ

ay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu wnfaxmifzefwD;ay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu wnfaxmifzefwD;ay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu wnfaxmifzefwD;ay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu wnfaxmifzefwD;ay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu wnfaxmifzefwD;

ay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu acszsufoGm;ovJ¿ (pmrsufESmay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu acszsufoGm;ovJ¿ (pmrsufESmay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu acszsufoGm;ovJ¿ (pmrsufESmay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu acszsufoGm;ovJ¿ (pmrsufESmay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu acszsufoGm;ovJ¿ (pmrsufESm----- 72)72)72)72)72)

wpfcsdefu a'goawG odyfBuD;cJ hw,f?wpfcsdefu a'goawG odyfBuD;cJ hw,f?wpfcsdefu a'goawG odyfBuD;cJ hw,f?wpfcsdefu a'goawG odyfBuD;cJ hw,f?wpfcsdefu a'goawG odyfBuD;cJ hw,f?

a'goodyfBuD;cJ hwJh 'DtukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tifaMumifha'goodyfBuD;cJ hwJh 'DtukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tifaMumifha'goodyfBuD;cJ hwJh 'DtukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tifaMumifha'goodyfBuD;cJ hwJh 'DtukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tifaMumifha'goodyfBuD;cJ hwJh 'DtukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tifaMumifh

vvvvv lUb00,f aemufwpfBudrf jyefNyD; lUb00,f aemufwpfBudrf jyefNyD; lUb00,f aemufwpfBudrf jyefNyD; lUb00,f aemufwpfBudrf jyefNyD; lUb00,f aemufwpfBudrf jyefNyD; vvvvv ljzpfvm&wJhl jzpfvm&wJhl jzpfvm&wJhl jzpfvm&wJhl jzpfvm&wJh

tcsdeftcgtcsdeftcgtcsdeftcgtcsdeftcgtcsdeftcgrrrrr Sm ... (pmrsufESm-85)Sm ... (pmrsufESm-85)Sm ... (pmrsufESm-85)Sm ... (pmrsufESm-85)Sm ... (pmrsufESm-85)

rajymoifhwmawGudk ajymNyD; rMuHoifhwmawGudkrajymoifhwmawGudk ajymNyD; rMuHoifhwmawGudkrajymoifhwmawGudk ajymNyD; rMuHoifhwmawGudkrajymoifhwmawGudk ajymNyD; rMuHoifhwmawGudkrajymoifhwmawGudk ajymNyD; rMuHoifhwmawGudk

MuHpnfpdwfMuHpnfpdwfMuHpnfpdwfMuHpnfpdwfMuHpnfpdwfuuuuu l;NyD;awmh uHawGukd l;NyD;awmh uHawGukd l;NyD;awmh uHawGukd l;NyD;awmh uHawGukd l;NyD;awmh uHawGukd xxxxx laxmifvdkufawmhlaxmifvdkufawmhlaxmifvdkufawmhlaxmifvdkufawmhlaxmifvdkufawmh

'Dpdwfxm;awGjcH&Hxm;wJhuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcg'Dpdwfxm;awGjcH&Hxm;wJhuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcg'Dpdwfxm;awGjcH&Hxm;wJhuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcg'Dpdwfxm;awGjcH&Hxm;wJhuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcg'Dpdwfxm;awGjcH&Hxm;wJhuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcgrrrrr Sm ...Sm ...Sm ...Sm ...Sm ...

(pmrsufESm(pmrsufESm(pmrsufESm(pmrsufESm(pmrsufESm----- 94)94)94)94)94)

rdrdwdk Yu oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;rdrdwdk Yu oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;rdrdwdk Yu oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;rdrdwdk Yu oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;rdrdwdk Yu oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;bbbbb l;qdkvQifawmhl;qdkvQifawmhl;qdkvQifawmhl;qdkvQifawmhl;qdkvQifawmh

rdrdwdk Y&JU pdwf"mwfuav;awGudkrdrdwdk Y&JU pdwf"mwfuav;awGudkrdrdwdk Y&JU pdwf"mwfuav;awGudkrdrdwdk Y&JU pdwf"mwfuav;awGudkrdrdwdk Y&JU pdwf"mwfuav;awGudk

jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zd k Y rvdkjyKjyifajymif;vJay;zd k Y rvdkjyKjyifajymif;vJay;zd k Y rvdkjyKjyifajymif;vJay;zd k Y rvdkjyKjyifajymif;vJay;zd k Y rvdkbbbbb l;vm;¿ (pmrsufl;vm;¿ (pmrsufl;vm;¿ (pmrsufl;vm;¿ (pmrsufl;vm;¿ (pmrsufEEEEE SmSmSmSmSm----- 103)103)103)103)103)

'DaeYudk tpjyKNyD;awmh toufxufqHk; b,fawmh'DaeYudk tpjyKNyD;awmh toufxufqHk; b,fawmh'DaeYudk tpjyKNyD;awmh toufxufqHk; b,fawmh'DaeYudk tpjyKNyD;awmh toufxufqHk; b,fawmh'DaeYudk tpjyKNyD;awmh toufxufqHk; b,fawmhrrrrr SS SS S

a'gorBuD;awmhyga'gorBuD;awmhyga'gorBuD;awmhyga'gorBuD;awmhyga'gorBuD;awmhygbbbbb l;? b,fawmhl;? b,fawmhl;? b,fawmhl;? b,fawmhl;? b,fawmhrrrrr S pdwfyifyef;S pdwfyifyef;S pdwfyifyef;S pdwfyifyef;S pdwfyifyef;rrrrrI rsm;jym;wJhI rsm;jym;wJhI rsm;jym;wJhI rsm;jym;wJhI rsm;jym;wJh

trsKd;orD;vnf; rjzpfap&ygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ... (pmrsufESmtrsKd;orD;vnf; rjzpfap&ygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ... (pmrsufESmtrsKd;orD;vnf; rjzpfap&ygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ... (pmrsufESmtrsKd;orD;vnf; rjzpfap&ygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ... (pmrsufESmtrsKd;orD;vnf; rjzpfap&ygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ... (pmrsufESm----- 127)127)127)127)127)

tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef) ! 6969696969

tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf

rvd’uma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf

1355-ckESpf? oDwif;uRwfvqef; (1)&ufaeYü qif,ifusif;y-

tyfonfh "r®obifü "r®ylZmtjzpf a[mMum;tyfaom t*Fkwå&edum,f

pwkuúedygwf r[m0*fü vm&Sdaom rvd’uma'0Dokwåef w&m;jrwf

a'oemawmf ---

'Da'oemawmfudk ra[mrD jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU *kPfawmfaus;Zl;-

awmfuav;udk &weokwåefrSm vm&SdwJh *gxmzGJUuav;wpfckjzifh

a&S;OD;pGm tm½kH,lMunfhMu&atmif ...

0a&m 00a&m 00a&m 00a&m 00a&m 0&&&&&nL 0&a'g 0&m[a&m? tEkwåa&m "r®0&H ta'o,d/nL 0&a'g 0&m[a&m? tEkwåa&m "r®0&H ta'o,d/nL 0&a'g 0&m[a&m? tEkwåa&m "r®0&H ta'o,d/nL 0&a'g 0&m[a&m? tEkwåa&m "r®0&H ta'o,d/nL 0&a'g 0&m[a&m? tEkwåa&m "r®0&H ta'o,d/

£'rÜd Aka'¨ &weH yPDwH? {awe oapöe ok0w¬d a[mwk/£'rÜd Aka'¨ &weH yPDwH? {awe oapöe ok0w¬d a[mwk/£'rÜd Aka'¨ &weH yPDwH? {awe oapöe ok0w¬d a[mwk/£'rÜd Aka'¨ &weH yPDwH? {awe oapöe ok0w¬d a[mwk/£'rÜd Aka'¨ &weH yPDwH? {awe oapöe ok0w¬d a[mwk/

0a&m0a&m0a&m0a&m0a&m = pdwfxm;jrwfol ewfvltrsm; vdkvm;awmifhwtyf

jrwfawmfrlxaom/ 00000&n&n&n&n&nL L L L L = tjrwfqHk;rSef edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudk

odawmfrlwwfxaom/ 0&a'g0&a'g0&a'g0&a'g0&a'g = tjrwfqHk;rSef edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfukd

ay;oem;awmfrlwwfxaom/ 0&m[a&m 0&m[a&m 0&m[a&m 0&m[a&m 0&m[a&m = tjrwfqHk;rSef edAÁmef-

w&m;awmfjrwfodkY {uefxkwfacsmuf a&mufjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom

r*¾if&Spfyg; tusifhjrwfw&m;wnf;[laom a&S;a[mif;vrf;jrwfudk

o,faqmifawmfrlwwfxaom/ tEkwåa&mtEkwåa&mtEkwåa&mtEkwåa&mtEkwåa&m = omvGefolrxif tjrwf-

qHk; bk&m;&Sifonf/ """""rrrrr®0&H®0&H®0&H®0&H®0&H = oHk;yHkyd#uwfwnf;[laom tjrwfqHk;


w&m;a'oemawmfudk/ y&rH[dwm,y&rH[dwm,y&rH[dwm,y&rH[dwm,y&rH[dwm, = vl ewf jA[®m owå0gwdkY\

edAÁme"mwfwnf;[laom tjrwfqHk; tusKd;pD;yGm;csrf;omtvdkYiSm/

ta'o,dta'o,dta'o,dta'o,dta'o,d = u½kPma&SUoGm; arwåmxm;í a[mMum;awmfrltyfcJhav-

NyD/ Aka'Äka'Äka'Äka'Äka'¨ = oHk;avmuxG#fxm; &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;ü/ £'rÜd &weH£'rÜd &weH£'rÜd &weH£'rÜd &weH£'rÜd &weH =

þjrwfEdk;zG,f&m &wemtjzpf odomzG,ftaMumif; ESpfoufzG,f

*kPfawmftaygif;onfvnf;/ yPDwH yPDwH yPDwH yPDwH yPDwH = xl;jrwfawmfrlvSygay\/

{awe oapöe {awe oapöe {awe oapöe {awe oapöe {awe oapöe = 0pDr*Fvm þopömpum;aMumifh/ aw wkrSmuH aw wkrSmuH aw wkrSmuH aw wkrSmuH aw wkrSmuH =

rvd’uma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmfjrwfukd pdwfxm;Munfom ½kdao-

pGmjzifh em,lvsuf&Sd Muukefaom oifw&m;emy&dowftaygif; olawmf-

aumif;wdkYtm;/ ok0w¬d ok0w¬d ok0w¬d ok0w¬d ok0w¬d = ab;&efukefuif; csrf;omat;jrjcif;onf/

a[mwka[mwka[mwka[mwka[mwk = rkcsraoG jzpfygapownf;/ (om"k om"k om"k ...)(om"k om"k om"k ...)(om"k om"k om"k ...)(om"k om"k om"k ...)(om"k om"k om"k ...)

rvd’umrdzk&m; bk&m;&SifxHodkY csOf;uyfjcif;

{uH or,H b*0g om0w¬d,H 0d[&wd aZw0ae temx-

yd@duó tm&mar/

{uH or,H {uH or,H {uH or,H {uH or,H {uH or,H = tcgwpfyg;ü/ b*0gb*0gb*0gb*0gb*0g = bkef;awmfajcmufyg;ocif

bk&m;&Sifonf/ om0w¬d,H om0w¬d,H om0w¬d,H om0w¬d,H om0w¬d,H = om0w¬dNrdKU\teD;ü/ temxyd@duótemxyd@duótemxyd@duótemxyd@duótemxyd@duó

= temxydPfausmif;'g,um\/ tm&martm&martm&martm&martm&mar = tm&mrfjzpfaom/ aZw-aZw-aZw-aZw-aZw-

0ae0ae0ae0ae0ae = aZw0efausmif;wdkufawmfü/ 0d[&wd 0d[&wd 0d[&wd 0d[&wd 0d[&wd = oDwif;oHk; pHaeawmfrl-

qJ jzpfay\/

rv’duma'0Dokwåef w&m;a'oemawmf jzpfawmfrlvmwJh tcsdef

tcgumvudk yxro*Fg,emwifyGJrSm t&Sifr[muóyrax&fjrwf-

BuD;u ar;jref;wJhtwGuf t&SiftmeEmudk,fawmfjrwfu ed'gef;oG,fum

jyefvnf avQmufxm; wifjyaejcif; jzpfygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif

udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf wpfcsdef om0w¬djynfrGef aZw0efausmif;wkduf

awmfü oDwif;oHk; pHaeawmfrlcdkuf bmjzpfvmovJ¿


tx acg rv’duma'0D a,e b*0g awEkyouFrd/ OyouFrdwGmtx acg rv’duma'0D a,e b*0g awEkyouFrd/ OyouFrdwGmtx acg rv’duma'0D a,e b*0g awEkyouFrd/ OyouFrdwGmtx acg rv’duma'0D a,e b*0g awEkyouFrd/ OyouFrdwGmtx acg rv’duma'0D a,e b*0g awEkyouFrd/ OyouFrdwGm

b*0EÅH tbd0ga'wGm {urEÅH edoD'd/ {urEÅH edodEém acg rv’duma'0Db*0EÅH tbd0ga'wGm {urEÅH edoD'd/ {urEÅH edodEém acg rv’duma'0Db*0EÅH tbd0ga'wGm {urEÅH edoD'd/ {urEÅH edodEém acg rv’duma'0Db*0EÅH tbd0ga'wGm {urEÅH edoD'd/ {urEÅH edodEém acg rv’duma'0Db*0EÅH tbd0ga'wGm {urEÅH edoD'd/ {urEÅH edodEém acg rv’duma'0D

b*0EÅH {w'a0gp -b*0EÅH {w'a0gp -b*0EÅH {w'a0gp -b*0EÅH {w'a0gp -b*0EÅH {w'a0gp -

tx acg tx acg tx acg tx acg tx acg = xdktcgü/ rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D = rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;onf/

a,ea,ea,ea,ea,e = tMuift&yfü/ b*0gb*0gb*0gb*0gb*0g = bkef;awmfajcmufyg;ocifbk&m;&Sif-

onf/ tw¬d tw¬d tw¬d tw¬d tw¬d = &Sdawmfrl\/ aweaweaweaweawe = xdkbk&m;&Sif &Sdawmfrl&mt&yfodkY/

OyouFrdOyouFrdOyouFrdOyouFrdOyouFrd = teD;tpyf csOf;uyfcJhav\/ OyouFrdwGmOyouFrdwGmOyouFrdwGmOyouFrdwGmOyouFrdwGm = teD;tpyf

csOf;uyfavNyD;í/ b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH = bkef;awmfajcmufyg;ocif bk&m;&Sifudk/

tbd0ga'wGmtbd0ga'wGmtbd0ga'wGmtbd0ga'wGmtbd0ga'wGm = tvGef½dkaopGm &Sdcdk;NyD;í/ {urEÅH {urEÅH {urEÅH {urEÅH {urEÅH = tjypfajcmufyg;

vGwfí oifhwifhavsmufywfaom wpfckaomt&yfü/ edoD'd edoD'd edoD'd edoD'd edoD'd = xdkifí

aecJhav\/ {urEÅH{urEÅH{urEÅH{urEÅH{urEÅH = tjypfajcmufyg;vGwfí oifhwifhavsmufywfaom

wpfckaomt&yfü/ edodEém acg edodEém acg edodEém acg edodEém acg edodEém acg = xdkifaeaom/ rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D rv’duma'0D = rv’dum

a'0D rdzk&m;BuD;onf/ b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH = bkef;awmfajcmufyg;ocif bk&m;&Sifudk/

{wH 0peH ={wH 0peH ={wH 0peH ={wH 0peH ={wH 0peH = þpum;udk/ ta0gpta0gpta0gpta0gpta0gp = avQmufxm;ar;jref;cJhavNyD/

emrnfausmfjzpfwJh 'g,umawmf aumovrif;BuD;&JU rdzk&m;BuD;

wpfOD;jzpfwJh rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;[m jrwfpGmbk&m;xHokdY csOf;uyfw,f/

tvGef½kdaopGm &Sdcdk;NyD; oifhwifhavsmufywfwJh wpfae&mrSm xdkifvdkuf-

w,f/ xdkifNyD;aemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ar;cGef;uav;awGudk ar;jref;-

w,f/ þar;cGef;awGu owå0grsm;twGuf tvGef aus;Zl;rsm;wJh

ar;cGef;uav;awGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/ 'DaeY w&m;emaewJh y&dowf

taygif; olawmfaumif;wdkYtwGuf aus;Zl;rsm;wJh ar;cGef;uav;awGyJ

jzpfMuygw,f/ olar;wm ar;cGef;av;csufyJ &Sdygw,f/

'Dawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY Ak'¨bmomt,ltqrSm oHo&mc&D;udk usif-

vnfaewJh yk*d¾ KvfawG jzpfMuavawmh oHo&mc&D;qHk;atmif vkyfEdkifwJh

yk*d¾Kvfrsm;twGufuawmh aemufxyf bmrS b0opftwGuf jyKjyif

zefwD;aezdkY taMumif;r&Sdawmhygbl;/ 'Db0rSmyJ oHo&mc&D; tqHk;-


owfatmif jyKvkyfEdkifvQifawmh bk&m;&Sifvnf; om"kac:awmfrlygw,f/

taumif;qHk;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf rdrdwdkYbufu oHo&mc&D;

qHk;atmif rvkyfEdkifao;bl;qdkvQifç qHk;atmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaomf-

vnf; oHo&mc&D;u rqHk; jzpfaeMuao;w,fqdkvQif aemufxyfwpfzef

oHo&mc&D;qdkwm quf&rSm jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk oHo&mc&D; qufwJhtydkif;umvrSm rdrdwdkY\ b0wpfckonf

tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aewJh b0wpfck jzpfa&; odkYr[kwf tvGef tqifh

twef; edrfhusaewJh b0wpfck jzpfa&;twGuf b,fw&m;awGu jyKjyif

ajymif;vJay;aeovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu wnfaxmifzefwD;ay;ae-

ovJ¿ b,fw&m;awGu acszsufoGm;ovJ¿ 'Dtcsufuav;awGu

tifrwef odzdkYaumif;ygw,f/ tJ'Dar;cGef;awGrSm tpdwftydkif;wpfck

tjzpf yg0ifaewJh ar;cGef;av;&yfudk 'DaeY rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;u jrwfpGm-

bk&m;xH csOf;uyfNyD;awmh ar;jref;avQmufxm;w,f/ eHygwf (1)ar;wJh

ar;cGef;u bmvJ¿

trSwf (1) ar;cGef;

aum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapöm

rmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem, 'vd'´g prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem, 'vd'´g prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem, 'vd'´g prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem, 'vd'´g prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem, 'vd'´g p

a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = bkef;awmfaev xdefxdefyawmfrlygayaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/

a,e a,e a,e a,e a,e = tMuiftaMumif;w&m;aMumifh/ £" £" £" £" £" = þvlUavmuü/

{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm = tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;orD;onf/ 'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p =

tqif;rvSonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ 'k½lyg p 'k½lyg p 'k½lyg p 'k½lyg p 'k½lyg p = rwifhw,faom

yHkyef;oP²mef udk,ftaetxm;&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ okygyd-okygyd-okygyd-okygyd-okygyd-

um 'óem,um 'óem,um 'óem,um 'óem,um 'óem, = Munfh½IzG,f raumif;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p = qif;&JEGrf;yg;onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ tyÜóum ptyÜóum ptyÜóum ptyÜóum ptyÜóum p


= enf;yg;aom udk,fydkiftoHk;taqmif ypönf;Opöm&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd

= jzpf\/ tyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g p = enf;yg;aom toHk;taqmif y&dabm*&Sd-

onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ tayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m p = enf;yg;aom tjcHt&H

&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = bkef;awmfaev xdefxdefy

awmfrlygayaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/ aom a[wkaom a[wkaom a[wkaom a[wkaom a[wk = xdkuJhodkYaom b0rsKd;ukd

wdkuf½kduf jzpfay:apwwfwJh ZeutaMumif;w&m;onfum;/ aumaumaumaumaum

Ek acg Ek acg Ek acg Ek acg Ek acg = tb,fygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/ aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m = xdkuJhodkYaom

b0rsKd;ukd jzpfay:vmatmif tm;ay;axmufyHhaewJh Oyw¬rÇu

taMumif;w&m;onfum;/ aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg = tb,fygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/

eHygwf (1)ar;cGef;uav;wpfckukd rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;u pNyD;

avQmufxm;w,f/ ]]jrwfpGmbk&m; ...avmurSm wcsKdUwcsKdUaom

trsKd;orD;awG &Sd Muygw,f? 'DtrsKd;orD;awGukd Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQif

tqif;vnf; rvSbl;? udk,fyHkoP²mef taetxm; Munfhvkdufr,f

qdkvQifvnf; tcsdK;tpm;u rusbl;? b,fvdkrS MunfhvdkYraumif;wJh

yHkoP²mefrsKd; &Sd Muygw,f? Munfh½IvdkY raumif;ygbl;/

wpfcg wpfzufudk MunfhvdkufjyefvQifvnf; pnf;pdrfOpömawGu

odyfenf;yg;Muw,f? rdrd udk,fydkifOpömtjzpfeJY toHk;jyKzdkY vuf0wfwef-

qmwdkYç vufaumufwdkYç qGJBudK;wdkYç em;uyfwdkY tp&SdwJh 'Dypönf;awGudk

MunfhvdkufvQifvnf; olUrSm bmrS r&Sdbl;? odyfenf;yg;ygw,f/ r*Fvm-

aqmifç tvSLtwef;pwJh tcrf;tem; wpfckckukd oGm;csifw,fqdkvQif

olrsm;qD iSm;NyD;awmhrS oGm;&wJh yHkpHrsKd; &Sdygw,f? odyfNyD;awmh Opöm

enf;yg;ygw,f/ tdrfaxmify&dabm* toHk;taqmifypönf;awGç twGif;

ypönf;awG MunfhvdkufjyefvQifvnf; odyfenf;yg;ygw,f/ ta>ct&H

y&dowf Munfhvdkufjyefawmhvnf; odyfenf;yg;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk trsKd;orD;-

awG avmurSm &Sd Muygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m;/


'Dvdkb0udk a&mufapwwfç wdkuf½dkuf jzpfay:apwwfwJhw&m;

awGu bmawGygvJç tm;ay;axmufyHhaewwfwJh taMumif;w&m;awG

u bmawGygvJ jrwfpGmbk&m; ...}} qdkNyD; eHygwf (1) ar;cGef;tjzpfjzifh

olu avQmufxm;w,f/ 'DaeY w&m;emaewJh y&dowfawG tJ'Dvdk

trsKd;orD;awG 'DaeYavmurSm rawGUzl;bl;vm;¿ awGUzl;Muw,f/

b,fvdk taMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh xdktrsKd;orD;wdkYonf 'Dvdkb0rsKd;udk

a&muf&SdoGm;MuovJqdkwJh 'DtaMumif;w&m;uav;awGukd jyefqef;-

ppfzdkY vdkw,f/

tu,fí rdrdwdkYu 'Dvdkb0rsKd;udk tvdkr&SdcJhbl;qdkvQif bmvkyf&-

rvJ¿ 'Dvdkb0rsKd;ukd a&mufapwwfwJh taMumif;w&m;awGudk rdrdwdkYu

rxlaxmifzdkY vdkw,f/ tusKd;w&m;awGudkawmh tvdkr&Sdbl;? taMumif;

w&m;awGudkawmh ra&SmifMuOfEdkifbl;qdkvQif b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifbl;/

'gaMumifh olu eHygwf (1) odoifhodxdkufwJh ar;cGef;wpfckudk ar;w,f/

'Dar;cGef;eJY olu rauseyfao;bl;? aemufxyf wpfqifhwufNyD;awmh

ar;jyefw,f/ b,fvdkar;ovJ¿

trSwf (2) ar;cGef;

aum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapöm

rmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m prmwk*garm 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m p

a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p¿a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p¿a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p¿a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p¿a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p¿


a,e a,e a,e a,e a,e = tMuiftaMumif;w&m;aMumifh/ £" £" £" £" £" = þavmuü/ {uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm

= tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;orD;onf/ 'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p = tqif;rvS

onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ 'k½lyg p'k½lyg p'k½lyg p'k½lyg p'k½lyg p = yHkoP²meftcsdK;tpm;

rusonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem, = Munfh½IzG,f

raumif;onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ t¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m p = <u,f0csrf;om


onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ r[mabm*g p r[mabm*g p r[mabm*g p r[mabm*g p r[mabm*g p = rsm;jym;aom udk,fydkif

toHk;taqmif y&dabm*&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ ra[ou©mra[ou©mra[ou©mra[ou©mra[ou©m

ppppp = rsm;jym;aom ta>ct&H&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ = bkeff;awmfaev xdefxdefyawmfrlygayaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/

aomaomaomaomaom a[wka[wka[wka[wka[wk = xdkuJhodkYaom b0rsKd;udk wdkuf½kdufjzpfay:apwwfwJh

ZeutaMumif;w&m;onfum;/ aum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acg = tb,fygenf; jrwfpGm-

bk&m;/ aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m aom ypöa,m = xkduJhokdYaom b0rsKd;ukd jzpfay:vmatmif

tm;ay;axmufyHhaewJh Oyw¬rÇutaMumif;w&m;onfum;/ aum Ekaum Ekaum Ekaum Ekaum Ek

acgacgacgacgacg = tb,fygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/

]]jrwfpGmbk&m; ... avmurSm wcsKdUwcsKdUaom trsKd;orD;awG

&Sd Muygw,f/ tJ'D trsKd;orD;awG MunfhvdkufvQif ½kyftqif;uvnf;

rvSbl;? yHkoP²mefuvnf; tcsdK;tpm; rusbl;? Munfh½IzG,fvnf;

raumif;bl;? odkYaomf wpfzufukd MunfhvdkufvQif olwdkYu tvGefcsrf;om

aeMuygw,f? rdrdudk,fydkif toHk;taqmifjzpfwJh ypönf;awG Munfhvdkuf-

vQifvnf; tvGef rsm;jym;Muygw,f? tdrfaxmify&dabm* toHk;

taqmifypönf; tp&SdwJh twGif;tyypönf;awG MunfhvdkufvQifvnf;

tvGef rsm;jym;Muygw,f? ta>ct&H y&dowfawGvnf; tvGef rsm;jym;

Muygw,f? 'Dvdk trsKd;orD;awGvnf; avmurSm &Sd Muygw,f jrwfpGm-

bk&m;? tJ'Dvdk trsKd;orD;b0udk wdkuf½kdufjzpfapwwfwJh ZeutaMumif;

w&m;awGu bmawGygvJ jrwfpGmbk&m;? tm;ay;axmufyHhaewJh Oy-

w¬rÇutaMumif;w&m;awGu bmawGygvJ jrwfpGmbk&m; ...}}qdkNyD;

'DeHygwf (2)ar;cGef;wpfckudkvnf; ar;jyefw,f/ eHygwf (1)ar;cGef;u

½kyfvnf; rvSbl;? Opömenf;yg; qif;&Jw,f/ eHygwf (2)ar;cGef;u b,fvkd

oabm &SdovJ¿ ½kyfuawmh rvSbl;? odkYaomf odyfNyD;awmh csrf;omae-

w,f/ aemufxyf eHygwf (3)ar;cGef;wpfck qufar;jyefw,f/


trSwf (3) ar;cGef;

aum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapömaum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m/ a,e rda"uapöm

rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,

0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ 'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ 'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ 'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ 'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ 'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum

tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p¿

baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ = bkef;awmfaev xdefxdefyawmfrlygayaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/

£"£"£"£"£" = þavmuü/ a,e a,e a,e a,e a,e = tMuiftaMumif;w&m;aMumifh/ {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm

= tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garm rmwk*garm rmwk*garm rmwk*garm rmwk*garm =trsKd;orD;onf/ tbd½lyg ptbd½lyg ptbd½lyg ptbd½lyg ptbd½lyg p = tvGef

tqif;vSonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ 'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p = ½IcsifpzG,f

aumif;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ ygom'dumygom'dumygom'dumygom'dumygom'dum = MunfndKzG,f*kPfudk

aqmifEdkifonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm,y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm,y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm,y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm,y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm,

= vGefjrwfaom tqif;vkH;&yfoP²mef tcsdK;tpm;ESifh/ orEém*wmorEém*wmorEém*wmorEém*wmorEém*wm

ppppp = jynfhpHkonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfzufukd Munfhvdkufr,fqkdvQif trsKd;orD;wpfOD;[m odyfNyD;awmh

vSw,f? ½IcsifhpzG,f&Sdw,f? wpfzufom;awGu jrifvdkuf&vQif 'DtrsKd;-

orD;udk jrifvdkufwmeJY pdwfawG at;csrf;oGm;w,f? MunfnKdoGm;w,f/

olUrSm wpfzufom;yk*¾dKvfwdkY MunfnKdzG,faumif;wJh *kPfawGudk aqmif-

EdkifwJhpGrf;&nf (= Oy"dorÜwåd)eJY jynfhpHkaew,f/ tom;ta& ta&mif

tqif; MunfhvdkufvQifvnf; tifrwef vSywifhw,fw,f? tom;

ta& ta&miftqif;awGu odyfaumif;w,f? a&Ttqif;vdk 0g0if;ae-

w,f/ vHk;&yfoP²mef tcsdK;tpm; Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQifvnf; tifrwef

tcsdK;usw,f? tjrwfqHk; rGefjrwfwJh trsKd;orD;wdkY&JU tqif;oP²mef

vHk;&yfoP²mef tm;vHk;[m jynfhpHkaew,f/ okdYaomf wpfzufMunfh-

vdkufawmh b,fvdkjzpfaeovJ¿


'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p = qif;&JEGrf;yg;onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ tttttyyyyyÜó-Üó-Üó-Üó-Üó-

um pum pum pum pum p = enf;yg;aom udk,fykdifypönf;Opöm&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwa[mwa[mwa[mwa[mwdd dd d = jzpf\/

tttttyyyyyÜabm*g p Üabm*g p Üabm*g p Üabm*g p Üabm*g p = enf;yg;aom udk,fydkiftoHk;taqmif y&dabm*

&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ tayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m p = enf;yg;aom ta>c-

t&H&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfzufu ½kyfawGb,favmufyJ vSaeaomfvnf; wpfzufu

odyfqif;&Jaejyefw,f/ pnf;pdrfOpöm MunfhvdkufvQif udk,fydkif vuf0wf

wefqmvdkY owfrSwfxm;wJh ypönf;Opöm Munfhvdkufvnf; bmrSodyfr&Sdbl;?

enf;enf;yg;yg;yJ &Sdw,f/ tdrfaxmify&dabm* twGif;ty ypönf;0w¬K

tpkpkawGudk vSrf;arQmfNyD; MunfhvdkufvQifvnf; bmrQr&Sdbl;? odyfqif;&J-

w,f/ ta>ct&Hy&dowf Munfhvdkufjyefawmhvnf; bmrSr&Sdbl;? ta>c-

t&Huvnf; r&SdwJhtwGuf txD;usef wpfukd,fwnf; jzpfaejyefw,f/

'Dvdk trsKd;orD;awGvnf; avmurSm r&Sdbl;vm;¿ &Sd Muw,f/


aom a[wkaom a[wkaom a[wkaom a[wkaom a[wk = xdkuJhodkYaom trsKd;orD;b0odkY wdkuf½kduf a&mufapwwf

jzpfapwwfwJh ZeutaMumif;w&m;onfum;/ aum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acg = tb,f-

ygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/ aomaomaomaomaom ypöa,mypöa,mypöa,mypöa,mypöa,m = xdkuJhodkYaom trsKd;orD;b0rsKd;ukd

jzpfay:vmatmif tm;ay;axmufyHhaewJh Oyw¬rÇutaMumif;w&m;

onfum;/ aum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acgaum Ek acg = tb,fygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/

]]'Dvdk trsKd;orD;b0udk a&mufapwwfwJhç wdkuf½kdufjzpfay:ap-

wwfwJh ZeutaMumif;w&m;awGu bmawGygvJ jrwfpGmbk&m;?

tm;ay;axmufyHhaewJh Oyw¬rÇutaMumif;w&m;awGu bmawGygvJ

jrwfpGmbk&m; ...}} qdkwJh eHygwf (3) 'Dar;cGef;wpfckukd ar;w,f/

aemufwpfck eHygwf (4)ar;cGef;ukd qufar;jyefw,f/


trSwf (4) ar;cGef;

aum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m a,e rda"uapömaum ye baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m a,e rda"uapöm

rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,rmwk*garm tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,

0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwd r['em r[mabm*g0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwd r['em r[mabm*g0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwd r['em r[mabm*g0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwd r['em r[mabm*g0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwd r['em r[mabm*g

ra[ou©m p¿ra[ou©m p¿ra[ou©m p¿ra[ou©m p¿ra[ou©m p¿


£"£"£"£"£" = þvlUavmuü/ {uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm = tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;-

orD;onf/ tbd½lyg p tbd½lyg p tbd½lyg p tbd½lyg p tbd½lyg p = tvGef tqif;vSonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p = cspfcifpzG,f ½IcsifpzG,f&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

ygom'dum p ygom'dum p ygom'dum p ygom'dum p ygom'dum p = MunfnKdzG,f*kPfudk aqmifxm;Edkifonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd

= jzpf\/ y&rm, y&rm, y&rm, y&rm, y&rm, = vGefjrwfaom/ 0PÖaygu©&wm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, = tqif;ç

vHk;&yfoP²mefESifh/ orEém*wm porEém*wm porEém*wm porEém*wm porEém*wm p = jynfhpHkonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

t¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m p = <u,f0csrf;omonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ r['ëm p r['ëm p r['ëm p r['ëm p r['ëm p =

rsm;jym;aom udk,fydkifOpöm&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ r[mabm*g r[mabm*g r[mabm*g r[mabm*g r[mabm*g

ppppp = rsm;jym;aom udk,fydkiftoHk;taqmifypönf; y&dabm*&Sdonfvnf;/

a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ ra[ou©m pra[ou©m pra[ou©m pra[ou©m pra[ou©m p = rsm;jym;aom ta>ct&H&Sdonfvnf;/

a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/


aom a[wk aom a[wk aom a[wk aom a[wk aom a[wk = xdkuJhodkYaom trsKd;orD;b0odkY wdkuf½kduf a&mufapwwf

jzpfapwwfwJh ZeutaMumif;w&m;onfum;/ aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg = tb,f-

ygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/ aom ypöa,maom ypöa,maom ypöa,maom ypöa,maom ypöa,m = xdkuJhodkYaom trsKd;orD;b0rsKd;ukd

jzpfay:vmatmif tm;ay;axmufyHhwwfwJh Oyw¬rÇutaMumif;w&m;

onfum;/ aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg aum Ek acg = tb,fygenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;/

]]jrwfpGmbk&m; avmurSm wcsKdUwcsKdUaom trsKd;orD;awG &Sd Mu-

jyefw,f? tJ'D trsKd;orD;awG&JU ½kyftqif;MunfhvdkufvQifvnf; odyfNyD;


tqif;vSw,f? MunfndKzG,f*kPfudk aqmifxm;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm; &Sdw,f?

½kyf&nftqif; Oy"dorÜwdå trsKd;rsKd;eJYvnf; jynfhpHkaew,f? wpfzuf

MunfhvdkufvQifvnf; udk,fydkiftoHk;taqmif pnf;pdrfOpömawGvnf;

odyfrsm;w,f? twGif;tjyif tdrfaxmify&dabm* toHk;taqmifypönf;-

awG Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQifvnf; odyfrsm;jym;w,f? tvGef csrf;om

<u,f0Muw,f? ta>ct&Hy&dowfawG rdwfaqGo*F[awG 0kdif;&Hae-

w,f/ tJ'Dvdk trsKd;orD;awGvnf; avmurSm &SSd Muygw,f/

'DvdktrsKd;orD;b0udk wdkuf½kduf a&mufapwwfç jzpfapwwfwJh

taMumif;w&m;awGu bmawGygvJ jrwfpGmbk&m;? tm;ay;axmufyHh

aewJh taMumif;w&m;awGu bmawGygvJ jrwfpGmbk&m;}} qdkNyD;awmh

'Dar;cGef;ukd avQmufxm;ar;jref;w,f/ aygif;vdkufawmh ar;cGef;

b,fESpfck &SdoGm;ovJ¿ av;ck/ 'Dar;cGef;av;ckudk ar;vdkufwJh tcsdef

tcgrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; 'Dar;cGef;awGudk wpfckpD wpfckpD jyefNyD;-

awmh tajzay;ygw,f/ eHygwf (1)ar;cGef;ukd b,fvdktajzay;ovJ¿

trSwf (1) ar;cGef;\ tajz - ]] (u) a'goBuD;jcif;}}

£" rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd Oyg,mo-£" rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd Oyg,mo-£" rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd Oyg,mo-£" rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd Oyg,mo-£" rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd Oyg,mo-

A[kvm/A[kvm/A[kvm/A[kvm/A[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåmtyÜrÜd 0kwåmtyÜrÜd 0kwåmtyÜrÜd 0kwåmtyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆwdormem tbdoZÆwdormem tbdoZÆwdormem tbdoZÆwdormem tbdoZÆwd ukyÜwd AsmyZÆwukyÜwd AsmyZÆwukyÜwd AsmyZÆwukyÜwd AsmyZÆwukyÜwd AsmyZÆwdd dd d ywdw¬D,wd/ywdw¬D,wd/ywdw¬D,wd/ywdw¬D,wd/ywdw¬D,wd/

aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/

rvd’aurvd’aurvd’aurvd’aurvd’au = cspforD; rv’dum/ £" £" £" £" £" = þvlUavmuü/ {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm =

tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;orD;onf/ aum"em p aum"em p aum"em p aum"em p aum"em p = trsufa'go

xGufavh&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ Oyg,moA[kvm pOyg,moA[kvm pOyg,moA[kvm pOyg,moA[kvm pOyg,moA[kvm p = pdwf

yifyef;jcif;rsm;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ (wpfenf;) Oyg,mo-Oyg,mo-Oyg,mo-Oyg,mo-Oyg,mo-

A[kvm pA[kvm pA[kvm pA[kvm pA[kvm p = &efNidK;zGJUrIrsm;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

avmuukd Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQif trsKd;orD;uav;wpfOD; qdkMupdkY?

'DtrsKd;orD;u odyfa'goBuD;w,f? olUpdwfawGudkMunfhvdkufvQif olYpdwf-


awGu odyfyifyef;aew,f? pdwfxJrSm wEHkYEHkYeJY rcHcsifrIawGu odyftm;-

rsm;NyD; pdwfyifyef;rIawGu rsm;aew,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh &efNidK;zGJUrI

awGu odyftm;aumif;aew,f/ aemufwpfck ---

tttttyyyyyÜÜ ÜÜ ÜrrrrrdÜ dÜ dÜ dÜ dÜ = tenf;i,fudkaomfvnf;/ 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm = ajymqdktyfonf/

ormemormemormemormemormem = jzpfvwfaomf/ tbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwd = trsufa'gojzifh Niduyfae-

wwf\/ ukyÜwdukyÜwdukyÜwdukyÜwdukyÜwd = trsufxGufwwf\/ AsmyZÆwdAsmyZÆwdAsmyZÆwdAsmyZÆwdAsmyZÆwd = azmufjyefwJh

tjyKtrludk jyKvkyfí jywwf\/ ywdw¬D,wdywdw¬D,wdywdw¬D,wdywdw¬D,wdywdw¬D,wd = qefYusifbufjyKvkyfí

&yfwnfaewwf\/

taMumif;wpfck wkdufqdkifvmNyDqdkvQif olUudk enf;enf;uav;-

avmuf oGm;NyD;awmh rajymvdkufeJY? enf;enf;uav;avmuf ajymrd-

w,fqdkvQifyJ Niduyfaew,f/ tJ'Dtm½kHudk pdwfxJrSm cGmvdkYr&bl;/ ]]igYudk

oif;u 'Dvdkajymw,f? igYudk oif;u 'Dvdkajymw,f? igu wpfoufvHk;

b,folUtajymrS cHvmwJhaumifr r[kwfbl;? oif;u igYudk 'Dvdkajym&

ovm;ç oif;u igYudk 'Dvdkajym&ovm;}} 'Dvdk pdwfxJrSm wwGwfwGwfeJY

&Gwfzwfaew,f/ [dk pavOD;ykn&JU pum;vHk;av;oHk;NyD; ajymr,fqdkvQif

]]orEÅm puú0gaVokudk yk-'d-tmç r<uif; yk'fr-yg oGif;NyD;vQif NrdKUtkyfrif;

usKyf'um rmygap a[mEÅ Kç omygap a[mEÅ K}}qdkwJh pum;twdkif;

tptqHk; tv,facgif yk'fxD; yk'frawGyg wpfckrS rcsefbJeJY tukefvHk;

&Gwfzwfaew,f/ pdwfxJrSm Niduyfaewm 'Dtm½kHudk enf;enf;rS vTwfvdkY

r&bl;/ a'gopdwfuav;awGukd xif&Sm;jyaew,f/ azmufjyefwJh udk,f-

trlt&mç azmufjyefwJh EIwftrlt&mawGudk azmfjyw,f/ azmufjyefwJh

udk,ftrlt&m azmufjyefwJh EIwftrlt&mawGudk b,fvdkazmfjyovJ¿

'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG 'g wkdYukdapmif;ajymw,fvdkY 'Dvdk

rxifvdkufeJY? bkef;BuD;u 'Dae&mukd ra&mufzl;bl;/ [kdt&yfxJrSm

i,fpOfu jrifcJhzl;wmuav;awG ajym&r,fqdkvQif azmufjyefwJh trl-

t&mawGudk b,fvdkjyMuovJ¿ a'gojzpfzG,f&m&,fvdkY MuHKBudKufvmNyD


qdkvQif vHkcsnfuav; cyfjrefjref qGJrvdkufç tusÐvufuav; qGJwif-

vdkufç cg;av;axmufvdkufç vufnd§K;av; aumufaumufxdk;vdkufç

tHBudwfjyvdkufç rsufapmif;xdk;jyvdkufqdkwJh trlt&mawGuaepNyD;

&Gwfaevdkufwm orEÅm puú0gaVokukd tqHk;xdyJ &Gwfcsvdkufw,f/

tJ'Dvdk yHkpHuav;eJY ab;u Mum;csifvnf;Mum;ç rMum;csifvnf;ae?

tm;vHk; &GwfzwfNyD;awmh ylaZmfvdkufw,f? tJ'D &GwfzwfylaZmfyGJBuD;

wpfckudk rusif;y&vQif 'Dyk*¾dKvf auseyfovm;¿ rauseyfbl;/

'Dvdk jyKvkyfaewmukd bkef;BuD;wdkY Ak'¨tbd"r®mrSm uHawGudk jyKpk

ysKd;axmifw,fvdkYac:w,f/ aemifwpfzef b0opfqdkwJh tusKd;w&m;

awGudk jzpfay:vmatmif jyKjyifay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh ocFg&w&m;

awGudk jyKpkysKd;axmifw,fvkdYac:w,f/ tJ'Dvdk jyKpkysKd;axmifwJh tydkif;-

uav;rSm 'DavmufeJY rauseyfbl;/ olu aemufwpfqifh xyfNyD;

wufjyefw,f/ b,fvdkwufjyefovJ¿ xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf &yf-

wnfNyD; aevdkufw,f/ wpfzufu awmifqdkvQif olu ajrmufvkyf

vdkufw,f? wpfzufu ajrmufqdkvQif olu awmifbufu aevdkuf-

w,f/ b,fawmhrS wnfhwnfh a&Sma&Sm½SL½SL rjzpfcsifbl;/ tJ'Dvdk

xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf twdkuftcHvkyfNyD; aecsifwJhpdwfxm;awGudk

olu arG;jrLxm;w,f/ aemufwpfck ---

aumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍö = trsufudkvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍö = a'gow&m;udk

vnf;aumif;/ tyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,Íö = rauseyfrIudkvnf;aumif;/ ygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwd

= xif&Sm;jyKvkyfíjywwf\/

trsufa'goawG b,favmufBuD;aew,fqdkwmudk olu xifxif

&Sm;&Sm;BuD; jyKvkyfNyD; jywwfw,f/ yg;qGJ½kdufcsifvnf; ½kdufr,f? em;qGJ

½kdufcsifvnf; ½kdufvdrfhr,f? qJcsifvnf; qJvdkufr,f? atmfcsifvnf;

atmfvkdufr,f? aigufcsifvnf; aigufvdkufr,f? a'gojzpfaewmawG


rauseyfcsufawGudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;BuD; olu jyKvkyfNyD;jyw,f/ tJ'Dvdk

wpfzufu a'gojy"mef;aewJh tukodkvfocFg&w&m;awGudk jyKpk

ysKd;axmifvdkufw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'D a'goBuD;wJhyk*¾dKvfu wpfzufukd

Munfhvdkufjyefawmhvnf; bmjzpfaeovJ¿

(c) ray;vSL jcif;

om e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH

0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/

om om om om om = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g = orPtrnf&SdwJh

tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;vnf;aumif;/ jAm[®PójAm[®PójAm[®PójAm[®PójAm[®Pó 0g 0g 0g 0g 0g = jAm[®Ptrnf&SdwJh

tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;vnf;aumif;/ tEéH tEéH tEéH tEéH tEéH = xrif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/

ygeHygeHygeHygeHygeH = tazsmf,rumudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ = t0wf ouFef;udk

aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH = ,mOfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-

0davyeH0davyeH0davyeH0davyeH0davyeH = yef;ç eHYomç eYHomaysmif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-

0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH = ausmif;ç tdyf&mae&mç qDrD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/

e 'gwm e 'gwm e 'gwm e 'gwm e 'gwm = ray;vSLwwfonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

orP jAm[®P trnf&aewJh tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvf rsm;xdkxdkawG &Sd Mu-

ygw,f/ xdktvSLcHyk*¾dKvf rsm;xdkxdkwdkYudk qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq;

tp&SdwJh vSLzG,f0w¬K ypönf;pkawGudkvnf; wpfzufu vSL'gef;rI r&Sd jyef-

bl;? ray;vSLcJhwJhtwGuf pnf;pdrfOpömenf;yg;wJh qif;&Jom;b0

a&muf&jcif;\taMumif; jzpfvmw,f? 'gu taMumif;wpfck jzpfw,f/

taMumif;b,fESpfck &SdoGm;NyDvJ¿ ESpfck/ eHygwf (1)taMumif;u

a'goBuD;rI? eHygwf (2)taMumif;uawmh tvSL'ge MuJcspdkufysKd;jcif;

vHk;0 rjyKrI/ aemuf eHygwf (3)taMumif;wpfcku b,fvkdoabmvJ¿


(*) £ómxlajymjcif;

£ómredum acg ye a[mwd/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-

0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/

y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok = olwpfyg;wdkY&Jh

vmbfvmb&jcif;ç vmbfvmbaygrsm;jcif;ç t½kdtaocH&jcif;ç tav;

pm;cH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç t&Sdcdk;cH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;wdkYü/

£ómreodum£ómreodum£ómreodum£ómreodum£ómreodum = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;aom pdwfxm;&Sdonf/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd =

jzpf\/ £ówd£ówd£ówd£ówd£ówd = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wwf\/ Oy'kówdOy'kówdOy'kówdOy'kówdOy'kówd = jypfrSm;wwf-

\/ £ó£ó£ó£ó£óH = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;rIudk/ AE¨wd AE¨wd AE¨wd AE¨wd AE¨wd = zGJUcsnfí xm;wwfjyef\/

pdwfaepdwfxm;MunfhvkdufvQif jiLplapmif;ajrmif;w,f? jiLplapmif;-

ajrmif;w,fqdkwmu b,fvdkoabmvJvdkY ar;vQifawmh udk,fhxufom

remvdkwJh pdwfxm;rsKd;ukd ac:ygw,f/ b,fyk*d¾KvfawG tay:rSm remvdk

ovJ¿ wpfzufudk Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQif olwpfyg;awGrSm vmbfvmb-

awG &Muw,f? pnf;pdrfOpömawGu ydkNyD;awmh tqifajyaeMuw,f?

tcsdK;usaeMuw,f? pD;yGm;a&;awG atmifjrifrI &SdaeMuw,f? wpfzuf

yk*¾dKvfawG Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQif t½kdtaocHaeMu&w,f? tjrwfEdk;

cHaeMu&w,f? tav;pm;cHaeMu&w,f? tylaZmfcHaeMu&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk

olwpfyg;wdkY vmbf&rIç t½kdtaocH&rIç tav;pm;cH&rIç t&Sdcdk;cH&rIç

tjrwfEdk;cH&rIç tylaZmfcH&rIawGudk vSrf;MunfhNyD;awmh wpfzufu

rauseyf jzpfaew,f/ enf;enf;uav;rS pdwfxJrSm MunfhvdkY r&csifbl;/

'Dvdk pdwfxm;rsKd;awG[m udk,fhxufom remvdkwJh pdwfxm;yJ jzpfygw,f/

olvnf; ol Y&JU yg&rDbkef;uHtm;avsmfpGm olUrSm vmbfvmb

aygrsm;jcif;ç t½kdtaocH&jcif;ç tav;jyKcH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç

t&Sdcdk;cH&jcif; tylaZmfcH&jcif;qdkwJh tusKd;w&m;awGudk &&Sdjcif;jzpfw,f/

vGefavNyD;wJh wpfckaomb0u 'Dvdk tusKd;w&m;awGudk &&SdEkdifavmuf-


wJh 'ge oDvpwJh yg&rDuHtaMumif;w&m;awGukd xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf-

aMumifh xdkuHawGu tusKd;ay;aewJh ,ckvkdb0rSm olu 'Dvdk vmbf-

vmbawG aygrsm;aewmyJ jzpfw,f/ oljyKwJhuHukd olcHpm; pHpm;&wmyJç

vmbfvmbaygrsm;EdkifwJh uHawGudk olu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhvdkY 'Dvdk vmbf-

vmbaygaewmyJvdkY 'Dvdk ESvHk;roGif;Edkifbl;/ olwpfyg; vmbfvmb

&wmç t½kdtaocH&wmç tav;tpm;cH&wmç tjrwfEdk;cH&wmawGudk

MunfhNyD;awmh pdwfxJrSm enf;enf;rS rauseyfbl;? &efNidK;zGJUw,f/

]]'Dvdk,kefawmh jcHKwdkif;&Sd&JU? 'D;'kwfavmufawmh iSufwdkif;vS&JU}}

ponfjzifh awG;awmum pdwfxJrSm enf;enf;uav;rS MunfhvdkYr&bl;/

MunfhvdkYr&½kHtqifhwGif r[kwfbJ wpfzufudk acsmufwGef;wJh tqifhtxd

a&mufoGm;vQifawmh ydkqdk;oGm;NyD/ tJ'Dpdwfxm; b,fESpfck &SdoGm;ovJ¿

oHk;ck/ eHygwf (1)u a'goodyfBuD;wJh pdwfxm;? eHygwf (2)u ray;vSLcJhwJh

oabm? eHygwf (3)uawmh jiLplapmif;ajrmif;aewJh pdwfxm;/ 'Dpdwfxm;

(3)ck aygif;pkNyD;awmh b0wpfckudk wnfaxmifzefqif;vdkufwJh tcgrSm

b,fvdkb0rsKd;&ovJ¿

½kyftqif;rvSjcif;ç qif;&J jcif;ç ta>ct&Henf;yg;jcif;

om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬

ypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ 'vd'´g pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ 'vd'´g pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ 'vd'´g pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ 'vd'´g pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ 'vd'´g p

a[mwd tyÜóum ta[mwd tyÜóum ta[mwd tyÜóum ta[mwd tyÜóum ta[mwd tyÜóum tyyyyyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p/Üabm*g tayÜou©m p/Üabm*g tayÜou©m p/Üabm*g tayÜou©m p/Üabm*g tayÜou©m p/

omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ wawmwawmwawmwawmwawm = xdkvlUb0rS/ pkwmpkwmpkwmpkwmpkwm = pkawcJh-

onf&Sdaomf/ £w¬wåH£w¬wåH£w¬wåH£w¬wåH£w¬wåH = þvlUjynf vlUavmuodkY/ ap tm*päwap tm*päwap tm*päwap tm*päwap tm*päwd =

tu,fí aemufxyfwpfzef vma&muf&onf jzpfjim;tHh/

tJ'Dvdk a'goBuD;jcif;ç tvSL'geenf;yg;jcif;ç jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wJh

pdwfxm;&Sd jcif;qdkwJh taMumif;awGESifh jynfhpHkaeaom trsKd;orD;onf

tJ'Dvdk vlUb0uae pkawNyD;aemuf 'Dvdk vlUb0wpfckudk aemufxyf


wpfBudrf jyefNyD; &&SdcJhr,fqdkvQif bmjzpfovJ¿

omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ ,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬ = tMuiftMuiftrsKd;

tEG,fü/ ypömZm,wdypömZm,wdypömZm,wdypömZm,wdypömZm,wd = y#doaE¨tm;jzifh jzpfay:ívm&\/ ww¬ww¬ww¬ww¬ww¬

ww¬ww¬ww¬ww¬ww¬ = xdkxdktrsKd;tEG,fü/ 'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p = tqif;rvSonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd

= jzpf\/ 'k½lyg p'k½lyg p'k½lyg p'k½lyg p'k½lyg p = yHkoP²meftcsdK;tpm; ruseonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd

= jzpf\/ okygydum p 'óem,okygydum p 'óem,okygydum p 'óem,okygydum p 'óem,okygydum p 'óem, = Munfh½IzG,fraumif;onfvnf;/

a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ 'vd'g 'vd'g 'vd'g 'vd'g 'vd'g ppppp = qif;&JEGrf;yg;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

tyÜóum ptyÜóum ptyÜóum ptyÜóum ptyÜóum p = enf;yg;aom udk,fydkiftoHk;taqmif ypönf;Opöm

&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ tyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g ptyÜabm*g p = enf;yg;aom twGif;

ty toHk;taqmif y&dabm*&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ tayÜ-tayÜ-tayÜ-tayÜ-tayÜ-

ou©m pou©m pou©m pou©m pou©m p = enf;yg;aom ta>ct&H&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfcsdefu a'goawG odyfBuD;cJhw,f? a'goodyfBuD;cJhwJh 'Dtuk-

odkvfuH&JU pGrf;tifaMumifh vlUb00,f aemufwpfBudrf jyefNyD; vljzpfvm-

&wJh tcsdeftcgrSm 'Dyk*¾dKvfonf tqif;rvSbl;? yHkoP²meftcsdK;tpm;

odyfrusawmhbl;? b,fvdkrS Munfh½IzG,faumif;wJhoabm r&Sdbl;? olYudk

jrifvdkuf&vQif pdwfxJrSm MunfvifrI b,fawmhrS rjzpfEdkifbl;/ bmudk

tajccHovJ¿ 'DtusKd;w&m;u twdwfu xlaxmifcJhwJh eHygwf (1)

taMumif;jzpfwJh a'goBuD;rIudk tajccHw,f/

'Dawmh a'goBuD;aewJh yk*¾ dKvfawG&JU 'Da'goBuD;aewJh tcsdeftcg-

uav;udk vSrf;arQmfNyD; tm½kH,lMunfhvdkufprf;yg? b,favmufyJ tqif;

vSaewJhyk*¾dKvfyJ jzpfcsifjzpfygap/ 'Da'goBuD;NyD; azmufazmufjyefjyef

ajymqdkjyKrlaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm olU&JU½kyf&nfonf wpfzufom;wdkY arwåm

&SdEdkifwJh taetxm;rsKd;rSm wnf&Sdovm;¿ rwnf&Sdawmhbl;/ ol[m

t½kyfqdk;oGm;w,f/ t½kyfqdk;oGm;apwwfwJh uHawGudk xdktcsdeftcgrSm

olu xlaxmifaew,f/


orÜwdåav;yg; - 0dywdåav;yg;

tJ'DuHawGukd xlaxmifrIeJY ywfoufvdkY odxm;oifhwJh orÜwåd

(4)yg;ç 0dywåd (4)yg;qdkwm &Sdygw,f/ tJ'D orÜwåd 0dywdåtaMumif;udk

enf;enf; ajymMu&atmif --- umvorÜwdåç *wdorÜwådç Oy"dorÜwådç

ya,m*orÜwådqdkNyD;awmh orÜwdåbufu av;ck&Sdw,f/ 0dywådbufu-

vnf; umv0dywådç *wd0dywådç Oy"d0dywådç ya,m*0dywådqdkNyD;awmh

0dywådbufu av;ck&Sdw,f/

umvorÜwdåqdkwmuawmh acwfaumif; tcsdeftcgumvaumif;

udk ac:ygw,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkY taumif;qHk;umvudk ajymygqdkvQifawmh

urÇmOD;umvukd ñTefjy&rSm jzpfygw,f/ urÇmOD;umvrSm vlawG[m

&m*ç a'goç arm[awG odyftm;enf;Muygw,f/ xkdtcsdeftcgrsKd;udk

acwfumvaumif;ESifh jynfhpHkaewJh tcsdeftcgvdkY ac:qdkEkdifygw,f/

or®morÁK'¨bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrlvmwJh tcsdeftcgç

pMu0aw;rif;BuD;wdkY yGifhxGef;ay:aygufaewJh tcsdeftcgrsKd;awG[m-

vnf; umvorÜwåd tcsdeftcgrsKd;awGvdkY ac:qdkEdkifygw,f/

umv0dywådqdkwmuawmh umvorÜwåd&JU ajymif;jyefoabmyJ?

txl;tm;jzifh tqdk;qkH; umv0dywådtcsdefumvuawmh q,fESpfwrf;

tcsdeftcgumv jzpfygw,f/ tm[m&"mwfawGrSm tqDMoZm"mwfawG

tm;vHk; csKdUwJhNyD;awmh vlawG[mvnf; 'kp½kdufw&m;awGtm;vHk;ukd

oGufoGufvufvufBuD; vGefusL;aewJh tcsdeftcgrsKd; jzpfw,f/ umv

orÜwåd tcsdeftcgrSm ukodkvfuHu tusKd;ay;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm; &Sdygw,f/

umvorÜwdåeJY rMuHKbJ umv0dywådeJY oGm;MuHKaecJhr,fqdkvQif ukodkvfuH

awGonf tusKd;ay;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm; r&Sdawmhygbl;/

tvm;wlyJ aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh *wdorÜwdåESifh *wd0dywådyJ?

ukodkvfuHawGaMumifh&&Sdrnfh aumif;rGefjynfhpHkwJh vm;&m*wdjzpfMuwJh


vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mjynfawGudk *wdorÜwådvdkY ac:ygw,f/ tuk-

odkvfuHawGaMumifh&&Sdrnfh raumif;wJhç csrf;omokcESifh rjynfhpHkwJh

vm;&m*wdjzpfMuwJh tyg,fav;bHkukd csrf;omokcawG ysufpD;aewJh

*wdawG jzpfjcif;aMumifh *wd0dywådvdkY ac:ygw,f/

ukodkvfuHwpfckukd xlaxmifxm;w,f? tusKd;ay;&ef tcgtcGifh

oifhaeaomfvnf; 'DukodkvfuHawGu *wd0dywådqdkwJh tyg,fav;bHk

wpfbHkbHkodkY a&mufaeoludk tusKd;ray;Edkifbl;/ ukokdvfuHonf tusKd;

ay;EkdifwJh ae&mXmersKd; r[kwfwJhtwGuf tusKd;ay;cGifh r&jyefbl;/

*wdorÜwådvdkYac:wJh vlUjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mjynfrSm a&mufaecJhr,f

qkdvQifawmh 'DukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ay;cGifh&w,f/

wpfcg Oy"dorÜwdåESifh Oy"d0dywådtaMumif;ukd ajymMu&atmif ---

twdwfb0xdkxdku xlaxmifxm;cJhwJh ukodkvfuHawG[m Oy"dorÜwdå

= ½kyftqif;Oy"dESifh wifhw,fjynfhpHkaer,fqdkvQif tusKd;ay;cGifh&w,f/

½kyftqif;Oy"dorÜwdåESifh jynfhpHkcGifh r&Sdbl;qdkvQif 'DuHawGu tusKd;

ay;zdkY&m tcgtcGifh roifh jzpfaewwfw,f/ pmrSm 'DtcsufeJY ywfouf-

NyD;awmh 'Dy&mZmvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh uRef;uav;wpfuRef;udk tpdk;&wJh

rif;wpfOD;udk yHkpHxkwfjyxm;ygw,f/

'Dy&mZmtrnf&wJh 'Drif;om;[m i,f&G,fpOf tcsdeftcgwkef;u

oD[dkVfuRef;ukd xD;jzLtkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfaewJh &Sifbk&if&JU om;&wemwpfOD;

jzpfygw,f/ om;&wemuav; arG;zGm;vmNyDqdkawmh &Sifbk&ifuvnf;

tifrwef tm;&auseyfawmfrlwhJtwGuf qk,lapqdkNyD; rdzk&m;BuD;udk

qkay;awmfrlw,f/ rdzk&m;BuD;uvnf; qkawmh,lxm;w,f? odkUaomf

bmqkqdkwm twdtus azmfjyrxm;bl;/

'Dom;i,fuav; ckepfESpf &SpfESpft&G,favmuf a&muf&SdwJh tcsdef

tcgrSm olwdkY eef;&ifjyifawmfrSm MuufwdkufyGJwpfck usif;yMuw,f/

xdkMuufwdkufyGJxJu Muufwpfaumifu taMumif;rvSawmh ckefysHNyD;


'Drif;om;uav;&JU rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;udk vmNyD;awmh azmufvdkufw,f?

azmufvdkufwJhtwGuf rif;om;uav;&JU rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;pvHk; uef;oGm;-

w,f/ uHawG[m tvGefqef;Mu,fygw,f? xdwfvefYwkefvIyfzG,fvnf;

aumif;ygw,f/ rsufvHk;ESpfvHk; uef;oGm;wJh 'Drif;om;uav; wpfcsdef

(16)ESpft&G,fodkYa&mufNyD qdkMupdkY/

tJ'D (16)ESpfavmuf t&G,fa&mufwJh tcsdeftcg rdcifvkyfwJh rdzk-

&m;BuD;u &Sifbk&ifxH cGifhawmif;NyD;awmh ]]wpfcsdefu om;arG;pOftcgu

qkay;cJhzl;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'Dqkudk [dkwkef;uawmh r,lcJhygbl;? ,ck

'Dqkudk ,lygawmhr,f? tvdk&SdwJhqkukd ay;ygawmh}}vdkY cGifhawmif;w,f/

]]rdzk&m;BuD; vdk&mqk,lap}}vdkY ajymvdkufwJhtcgrSm vuFm'Dyac:wJh

oD[dkVfuRef;udk xD;jzLtkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfwJh &Sifbk&iftjzpfeJY om;awmfudk

rif;ajr§mufay;zdkY awmif;qdkw,f/ awmif;qdkvdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm

&Sifbk&ifBuD;bufuvnf; oabmrwlEdkifwJhtcsuf &Sdaew,f/ b,f-

tcsufaMumifhvJ¿ rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;\ csKdUwJhysufpD;aejcif;qdkwJh ½kyf&nf

tqif; ysufpD;aejcif; = Oy"d0dywådtwGufaMumifh oabmrwl jzpfae-

w,f/

]]tu,fí rsufvHk;om ruef;cJhbl;qdkvQifawmh igtyfygw,f?

xD;jzLtkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfwJh eef;pnf;pdrfudk tyfEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fhvdkY

oifhom;awmf[m rsufvHk;ESpfvHk; csKdUwJhjcif;qdkwJh Oy"d0dywåd (= Oy"d

ysufpD;aejcif;) jzpfaewJhtwGuf 'DoD[dkVfuRef; wpfuRef;vHk;udk xD;jzL

tkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfzdkYawmh rawmfjzpfaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh 'Dqkukdawmh r,lygeJY}}

qdkNyD;awmh aemufqHk; acsmharmhNyD;awmh tJ'D 'DyvdkYac:qdktyfwJh uRef;-

uav;wpfuRef; cyfi,fi,fuav;wpfckrSm apmfbGm;tjzpfeJY oGm;NyD;

xD;jzLtkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfapw,f/ 'Drif;om;rSm &Sifbk&ifjzpfapEdkifwJh

uHrsKd;awG ryg&SdvdkY r[kwfbl;? yg&Sdw,f/ &Sifbk&ifjzpfapEdkifwJh uHawGu

Oy"d0dywådjzpfaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm tusKd;ay;cGifh omao;ovm;¿ rom-


awmhbl;/

'DvdkyJ ,ckrsufarSmuf vlUavmurSm w&m;emaewJh 'g,umBuD;-

awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG enf;enf;uav; pOf;pm;zdkYaumif;w,f/ rdrdwdkYu

Oy"dorÜwådeJY rjynfhpHkbl;? ½kyftqif;oP²mefu odyfNyD; tcsdK;tpm;

ruseawmhbl;? tJ'Dvdk ½kyftqif;oP²mefawGu tcsdK;tpm; rusecJhbl;

qdkvQifvnf; twdwfu tifrwef tusKd;ay;csifaewJh uHawGonf

tusKd;ay;cGifh &Edkifovm;¿ r&Edkifbl;/ 'Dtcsufukdvnf; owdjyKrdwwfzd kY

owd&SdzdkYvdkw,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dvdk ½kyftqif; csKdUwJhjcif;qdkwJh oabmw&m;udk

b,ftaMumif;w&m;u jzpfapovJvdkY jyefNyD; qef;ppfMunfhvQif

twdwfb0wpfcku a'goBuD;jcif;qdkwJh taMumif;w&m;u jzpfapw,f

qdkwmudk 'Dw&m;awmft& odomxif&Sm;ygw,f/

'DvdkqdkvQif 'Da'goBuD;jcif;qdkwJh taMumif;w&m;wpfckonf Oy"d

0dywåd (= ½kyf&nf&JU ysufpD;jcif;)udkom jzpfapovm;qdkawmh r[kwfao;-

bl;? aemufxyfjzpfapwm &Sdao;w,f/ aemufxyfjzpfapwJh taMumif;

w&m;u bmvJ¿ uJ 0dywådw&m;av;yg; orÜwådw&m;av;yg; pHkoGm;-

atmif aemufwpfck xyfajymMu&atmif ---

aemufeHygwf (4) orÜwådESifh 0dywådu bmvJ¿ ya,m*orÜwåd

ya,m*0dywåd/ twdwfu tusKd;ay;csifaewJh ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH

awG owå0gxdkxdkrSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh &Sd Muygw,f/ 'DukodkvfuH tuk-

odkvfuHawGu b,ftcgrSm tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcgtcGifhoifhovJ¿

ukodkvfuHrsm;u ya,m*orÜwådvdkYac:wJh ypöKyÜefrSm vHkYvBudK;ukwf

tm;xkwfaewJh um,ya,m*ç 0pDya,m*ç raemya,m*awG tay:-

rSm tajcwnfNyD;awmh tusKd;ay;w,f/ owå0gwpfOD;u um,

uH pifMu,frI&Sdatmifç 0pDuHawGvnf; pifMu,frI&Sdatmifç raemuH

awGvnf; pifMu,frI&Sdatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfw,f/


rdrd&JU pdwfukd oDvjzifh aq;aMumokwfoifw,f? orm"djzifh

aq;aMumokwfoifw,f? ynmusifhpOfawGjzifh rdrd&JU pdwftpOfawGudk

jzLpifoGm;atmif aq;aMumokwfoifNyD;awmh usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;

tm;xkwfNyD; aexdkifw,f/ oDvqdkwJh ajray:rSm &yfwnfNyD;awmh orx

bm0em 0dyóembm0emawGukd atmifatmifjrifjrif pHcsdefrD yGm;rsm;

tm;xkwfaew,fvkdY qdkvdkygw,f/

tJ'Dvdk usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JUoEÅmefrSm

twdwfu tusKd;ay;csifaewJh ukodkvfuHawGu tcGifhtvrf; yGifhvef;NyD;

vmwwfygw,f/ &Gmwpf&GmrSm olawmfaumif;awGcsnf; &SdMuw,f

qdkvQif 'Dolawmfaumif;awG &SdaewJh&Gmudk ab;uolcdk;"m;jywdkY 0ifzdkY&ef

cufcJovdkyJ owå0gwpfOD;&JU oEÅmefrSm um,uH pifMu,frIç 0pDuH

pifMu,frIç raemuH pifMu,frIawGom &SdaecJhr,fqdkvQif xdktcsdeftcgrSm

twdwfu tusKd;ay;csifaewJh ukodkvfuHawGonf tcGifhtvrf; yGifh-

vef;NyD; vmwwfw,f/

twdwfu tusKd;ay;csifaewJh ukodkvfuHawGonf tcGifhtvrf;

yGifhvef;vmwwfwJhtwGuf twdwfu tusKd;ay;csifaewJh tukodkvfuH

awGuvnf; wjznf;jznf; &SJ NyD;awmh oGm;wwfw,f/ 0ifr& jzpfae

wwfw,f/ 'gayr,fhvdkY yk*¾ dKvfwpfa,mufonf 'DypöKyÜefrSm olUum,uH

MunfhvdkufvQifvnf; awmifhwif;rIç pifMu,frI r&Sdbl;? 0pDuH Munfhvkduf-

vnf; pifMu,frIç awmifhwif;rI r&Sdbl;? raemuH Munfhvdkufvnf;

pifMu,frIç awmifhwif;rI r&Sdbl;? 'kp½kdufukdvnf; jyKcsifvnf; jyKvdkuf

wmyJ? jcifqdkvnf; bwfueJ ½kdufcsvdkufwmyJ? Murf;ydk;qdkvnf;

owfvdkufwmyJ? oef;qdkvnf; wkyfypfvdkufwmyJ/

0pDuHMunfhvdkufjyefawmhvnf; rkom;qdkvnf; ajymvdkufwmyJ?

Murf;wrf;wJhpum;qdkvQifvnf; a&SUwef;uaeNyD; ajymvdkufwmyJ? 'kd;ueJ

a'gufueJ aqmifhueJ atmifhueJ ajymcsvkdufwmyJ? [kd rD;zdkacsmifrSm


aqmifh& atmifh&r,fqdkvQif olu b,fae&muaeovJ¿ a&SUwef;-

uae 0ifNyD; xdkifaew,f/ aemufydkif;u b,fawmhrS raebl;/ tJ'Dvdk

olu um,uHMunfhvdkufvnf; pifMu,frIu r&Sd? 0pDuHMunfhvdkufvnf;

pifMu,frIu r&Sd? raemuHMunfhvdkufvnf; pifMu,frIu r&Sdawmh olUrSm

ya,m*0dywåd jzpfaew,f/ vHkYvya,m*pufu csKdUwJhaewJhtwGuf

twdwfu tusKd;ay;csifaewJh ukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcg-

tcGifhroifh jzpfaewwfw,f/

wpfzef twdwfu tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef apmifhqdkif;aewJh tukodkvfuH

awGuvnf; tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcgtcGifh oifhvmwwfjyefw,f/ ck'DrSm

yk*¾ dKvfwpfOD;u b,fvdkyk*¾ dKvfrsKd; jzpfaeovJqdkawmh twdwfu a'go-

"mwfawG jcH&HNyD;awmh uHawGudk jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdk jyKpk

ysKd;axmifxm;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm tbd"r®menf;t& ajymr,fqdkvQifawmh

tukodkvfuHawGukd jyKpkysKd;axmifaew,fvdkY qdkEkdifygw,f/ tckvdk

rauseyfcsufawGukd wpfyHkBuD; zGifhNyD;awmh xkwfcsaew,f/ y&dwfawGukd

&Gwfzwfaeovkd &Gwfaew,f/ tJ'Dvdk &Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,faewJh tcsdef-

tcgrsKd;rSm bmawGjzpfaeovJ¿

tbd"r®menf;t&ajymvQifawmh a'gojy"mef;aewJh tukodkvf

raem'Gg&duaZm0DxdawG tBudrfrsm;pGm jzpfaew,f/ aZm0DxdawG tBudrf

rsm;pGm jzpfoGm;wJhtcgrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh aZm0Dxdwpfckwpfck twGif;-

rSm aZmckepfwef &S dwwfygw,f/ aZmckepfwefteufu yxraZmonf

'DuHudk xlaxmifaewJh ypöKyÜef vGefusL;qJb0rSm tusKd;ay;wwfw,f?

'd|"r®a0'eD,uHvdkYac:w,f? owåraZmu 'kwd,b0rSm tusKd;ay;-

w,f? tv,faZmig;wefuawmh ty&my&d,uHvdkY ac:w,f? edAÁmef

r&rcsif; tcgtcGifhoifhwJh bHkb0rSm tusKd;ay;rSm jzpfw,f/

,ckvkd a'goaZmawG tBudrfrsm;pGmjzpfaewJh yk*¾dKvfoEÅmefrSm tJ'D

oEéd|meapwemac:wJh qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;awmh 'Dvdk um,uHvGefusL;rIç


0pDuHvGefusL;rIawGukd NyD;pD;atmif taumiftxnfazmfay;aewJh

tukokdvfapwemu tvGef ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ jypfrIwpfckukd vGefusL;-

wJhae&mrSm olu jy"mef;aew,f/ 'Dvdk qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD; jypfrIawGukd

vGefusL;aewJh oEdé|metukodkvfapwemaMumifh um,uHuvnf;

'kd;ueJ a'gufueJ rjyKoifhwmawGukd jyKvkyfw,f? 0pDuHuvnf;

rajymoifhwmawGudk ajymaew,f? tJ'Dvdk jyKaeajymaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm

jzpfay:aewJh apwemawGudk oEdé|meapwemvdkY ac:ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk

oEdé|metukodkvfapwemawGaMumifh i&Ja&muf&w,f/

ykAÁapwem ty&apwemvdkYac:wJh tJ'D oEdé|meapwem&JU

a&SUydkif; aemufydkif; tukodkvfapwemawGaMumifh tckvdk vlUavmu

a&mufvmwJh tcsdeftcgrSm bmjzpfovJ¿ ½kyftqif;rvS jzpf&w,f/

½kyftqif;rvSjzpf&wm vlUb0a&mufvmwm 'DtukodkvfuHaMumifh

a&mufvmovm;qdkawmh 'Dvdkawmhr[kwfbl;/ ukodkvfuHuav;awG

enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh xlaxmifxm;wm &Sd Muygw,f/

Ak'bmomawG[m ckaetcsdeftcgrSm qGrf;wpfZGef;awmh avmif;-

vSLzl;wJhyk*¾dKvfç a&wpfcGufavmuf vSLzl;wJhyk*¾dKvfç yef;wpfyGifhavmuf

vSLzl;wJhyk*¾dKvfç qDrD;wpfwdkifavmuf vSLzl;wJhyk*¾dKvfawG rsm;Muygw,f/

aumif;rIukodkvf tenf;tusOf;awmh jyKzl;Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DjyKzl;-

xm;wJh ukodkvfuHawGrSm a'go"mwfawG jcH&Hxm;NyD; uHawGudk xlaxmif

xm;wJhtwGufaMumifh 'Da'go"mwfawG jcH&Hxm;wJh ukodkvfuHawGu

tusKd;ay;NyDqdkvQif BuD;us,fzG HU NzdK; rsm;jrwfwJhtusKd;ukd b,fvdkrS ray;

Edkifbl;/ tvGef rGefjrwfwifhw,f vSyaewJh t&nftqif;ESifh jynfhpHkaewJh

b0udk b,fvdkrS ydkYaqmifay;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm; r&Sdbl;/ rauseyfcsufawG

wpfyHkBuD; jcH&HNyD;awmh 'Daumif;rIukodkvfawGudk olu xlaxmifxm;rdchJ-

w,f/


a'goawG wEHkYEHkYeJY rsdKodyfxm;NyD; yg;pyfuvnf; ajymvdkufqdkvdkuf?

aumif;rIukokdvfuvnf; wpfzufu jyKvkyfvdkufç yg;pyfuvnf; ajym-

vdkufqdkvdkuf qlvdkufaqmifhvdkuf? wpfzufuvnf; aumif;rIukodkvfawG

jyKvkyfvdkuf? 'DvdkyHkpHpepfeJY aumif;rIukodkvfudk jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;awmh

olU&JUukodkvfuHrSm a'go"mwfawG 0dkif;NyD; jcH&HoGm;w,f/ a'go"mwfawG

0dkif;NyD; jcH&Hxm;wJh 'DukodkvfuHawGonf BuD;us,fzGHUNzdK; rsm;jrwfwJh

rGefjrwfwJh ½kyftqif;t*FgeJY jynfhpHkjcif;qdkwJh tusKd;rsKd;udk b,fvdkrS

&&SdapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; r&Sd jyefbl;/

yHkpHxkwfjyr,fqdkvQifawmh bkef;BuD;wkdY y&dowftm;vHk; Mum;zl;Mu-

wJh yHkpHuav;ESpfck &Sdygw,f/ ,kwfnHhaom tqif;&SdwJhae&m yHkoP²mef

tcsdK;tpm;ruswJhae&mrSm xdyfwef;uaewJh yÍöygyDtrnf&SdwJh trsKd;-

orD;wpfOD; ZmwfawmfrSm vm&Sdygw,f/ (Zmwu?|?5?475-479/)

'DtrsKd;orD;[m twdwfb0wpfckrSm t&SifyapöuAk'gbk&m;&Sifudk

ajrnufvSLcJhzl;w,f/ a&S;acwftcgu tdEd,,Ofaus;rI&JU xHk;wrf;pOf-

vmrSm tdrfeH&HawGudk aumuf½kd;wdkYvdk 0g;wdkYvdk 'Dvdk[mawGeJY a&mNyD;awmh

ajrnufeJYvdrf;usHwJh "avhp½dkuf &Sdygw,f/ t&SifyapöuAk'g bk&m;&Sif

wpfqluvnf; oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m ausmif;ocFrf;vdkPf*luav;udk

ajrnufjzifh vdrf;usHvdkwJhtwGuf ajrnuftvdkYiSm 'DtrsKd;orD;xH

qGrf;cH<uvmw,f/

'Dvdk<uvmawmh t&SifyapöuAk'¨gudk ajrnufvSLwJh tcsdeftcg

uav;rSm ]]ajrnufuav;ukdawmifrS vmNyD; tvSLcH&aumif;vm;}}

qkdNyD; rauseyfwJh a'go"mwfawGu olU&JU ajrnufvSL jcif;qkdwJh

ukokdvfuHukd jcH&HoGm;w,f/ olu aumif;rIukodkvfjyKaeqJ tcguav;-

rSm rausreyfwJh a'go"mwfawG jcH&HNyD;awmh t&SifyapöuAk'¨gudk

ajrnufvSLvkdufwJhtwGuf 'DuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm aumif;-

wJhtusKd; ray;Edkifawmhbl;? tifrwef t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wefwJh vlNydwåmç


ajrbkwfbDvl;eJY wlaewJh ½kyftqif;oP²mefrsKd;jzpfwJh vlUb0udk&atmif

ydkYay;vdkufw,f/

ajrnufvdkYac:qdktyfwJh ypönf;0w¬Ku Murf;wrf;aewJh eH&HawG

ajrtcif;awGukd El;nHhatmif jyKvkyfay;wJh ypönf;0w¬K jzpfygw,f/

,ckvdk tifrwef El;nHhodrfarGUwJh ypönf;0w¬Kudk vSL'gef;&jcif;aMumifh

olU&JU udk,ftawGU[m aumif;jrwfwJh tawGUtxd &S dyif&Sd jim;aomfvnf;

a'gopdwfawGu wpfzufu jcH&HNyD; uHwpfckudk xlaxmifxm;wJhtwGuf

ajrbkwfbDvl;eJYwlaewJh trsKd;orD;b0ukda&mufatmif ydkYaqmifay;-

vkdufw,f/

wóm rwdåumyd@zave owóm rwdåumyd@zave owóm rwdåumyd@zave owóm rwdåumyd@zave owóm rwdåumyd@zave o&&&&& D&H zóorÜEéH ta[mod? ukZÑdwGmD&H zóorÜEéH ta[mod? ukZÑdwGmD&H zóorÜEéH ta[mod? ukZÑdwGmD&H zóorÜEéH ta[mod? ukZÑdwGmD&H zóorÜEéH ta[mod? ukZÑdwGm

Oav’mudwwåm ye [w¬-yg'-rkc-tud©-emomed ygyged 0d½lygedOav’mudwwåm ye [w¬-yg'-rkc-tud©-emomed ygyged 0d½lygedOav’mudwwåm ye [w¬-yg'-rkc-tud©-emomed ygyged 0d½lygedOav’mudwwåm ye [w¬-yg'-rkc-tud©-emomed ygyged 0d½lygedOav’mudwwåm ye [w¬-yg'-rkc-tud©-emomed ygyged 0d½lyged

ta[oHk/ awe wH ]]ta[oHk/ awe wH ]]ta[oHk/ awe wH ]]ta[oHk/ awe wH ]]ta[oHk/ awe wH ]]yÍöygyDyÍöygyDyÍöygyDyÍöygyDyÍöygyD}}awG0 oÍÆm}}awG0 oÍÆm}}awG0 oÍÆm}}awG0 oÍÆm}}awG0 oÍÆmeeeee ðok/ ðok/ ðok/ ðok/ ðok/ (Zmwu?|?5?476/)

'guawmh t|uxmtzGifh jzpfygw,f/ 'Dt|uxmtzGifhu

bmukd ajymvkdwmvJ¿ ajrnufpkdifcJukd vSLcJhwJh aumif;rIukokdvfuH&JU

tusKd;aMumifh olr&JU cE¨mukd,ftawGUuawmh aumif;rGefwJh tawGU

txdESifh jynfhpHkcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ]]ajrnufuav;udkawmif vmtvSL-

cH&aumif;vm;}}qdkNyD; a'goxGufum t&SifyapöuAk'¨g bk&m;&Siftm;

rsufapmif;xkd;um armfMunfhcJhrdwJhtwGuf rauseyfwJh rsufvHk;tpHkeJY

MunfhcJhrdwJhtwGuf --- (1) vufç (2) ajcç (3) yg;pyfç (4) rsufpdç (5)

ESmacgif;qdkwJh t*Fg (5)&yfuawmh tMunfh&cufatmif tvGef t½kyfqdk;

aewJhtwGuf olrudk ]]yÍöygyDyÍöygyDyÍöygyDyÍöygyDyÍöygyD}}vkdY ac:qdkMuw,fwJh/

aemufwpfck ykdNyD;qdk;wJhtcsufu 'Da'go"mwfawG jcH&HNyD;awmh

olu aumif;rIukodkvfjyKvdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm rajymoifhwmawG

ajymw,f? rMuHoifhwmawGMuHw,f/ rajymoifhwmawGudk ajymNyD; rMuH-

oifhwmawGudk MuHpnfpdwful;NyD;awmh uHawGukd xlaxmifvdkufawmh

'Dpdwfxm;awG jcH&Hxm;wJhuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm 'DtrsKd;orD;-


onf udk,fusifhw&m; aumif;rGefwJh trsKd;orD;b0 b,fvdkrS ra&muf-

bl;/ azmufjyefwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;&SdaewJh trsKd;orD;rsKd; jzpf&jyefw,f/

rdrd&JU tdrf&SifrSwpfyg; tjcm;tjcm; a,mufsm;awGESifh azmufjym;vkdwJh

pdwf"mwfawGu vTrf;rdk;vmwJhtwGuf azmufazmufjyefjyef jyKusifhjyef-

w,f/

Aubk&ifAubk&ifAubk&ifAubk&ifAubk&if&JU rdzk&m;vnf; jzpfjyefw,f? Am0&dubk&ifAm0&dubk&ifAm0&dubk&ifAm0&dubk&ifAm0&dubk&if&JU rdzk&m;-

vnf; jzpfjyefw,f/ bk&ifwpfOD;wpfOD;&JU txHrSm (15)&ufpD aecJhw,f/

wpfae&mrS wpfae&modkY &Sifbk&ifawGxH oGm;wJhtcg vrf;ckvwf

avSay:rSm ul;wdkYorm;ESifhawmif azmufjym;jyefavw,f/ 'Dvdk azmuf-

jyefvkdwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;awG jcH&HNyD;awmh uHawGudk xlaxmifcJhrdwJh

twGuf 'DuHu tusKd;ay;wJhb0rSm azmufazmufjyefjyef usifhvdkwJh

pdwf"mwfawGu wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufaejyefw,f/

'Dvdk ,kwfnHhwJhtqif;&Sdatmif azmufjyefwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;

&Sdatmif 'DuHu owfrSwfcsufay;vkdufw,f/ b,fvdk owfrSwfay;ovJ

qdkvQif y#doaErsKd;aphrSmuwnf;u ½kyftqif; tifrwef ,kwfnHhaewJh

trsKd;orD; jzpfapç ½kyftqif; tifrwef ,kwfnHhaewJh trsKd;om; jzpfapç

azmufazmufjyefjyef jyKusifhvkdwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;&Sdol jzpfapqdkNyD;

'DuHuowfrSwfum ydkYaqmifay;vdkufw,f/ y#doaErsKd;aphrSmuwnf;-

u 'DuH&JU rsKd;aphpGrf;tm;awGu ay:aygufvmw,f/

'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG 'DvdkqdkvQif tifrwef vSy

wifhw,faewJh rGefjrwfwJh MunfvifaewJh olwpfyg;wdkY&JU pdwf"mwfudk

MunfvifapwwfwJh ½kyftqif;t*FgeJY jynfhpHkcsifw,fqdkvQif 'Dvdk

a'go"mwfawG jcH&H NyD;awmh uHwpfckukd xlaxmifzdkY aumif;ygYrvm;¿

raumif;bl;/ 'gayr,fh xlaxmifNyD;NyD? tJ'DuHudk jyefEkwfodrf;vdkY &ygY-

rvm;¿ t&d,r*fwnf;[laom arG;n§yfESifh EkwfygrSomvQif &Ekdifw,f/

t&d,r*fqkdwJh arG;n§yfr&&SdvQif b,fvkdrS EkwfvkdYr&Ekdifbl;/ 'Dtcsufukd


owdxm;zkdY odyfaumif;w,f/ 'DuHu wpfcsdefrSm tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef tcGifh-

tvrf; MuHK BudKufvmvQifawmh bmjzpfovJ¿ vlUb0odkY a&mufvm&-

aomfvnf; ajrbkwfbDvl;ESifh wlaewJh tifrwef tqifhtwef; edrfhaewJh

½kyf&nf&S dwJh trsKd;om;ç trsKd;orD; vmNyD; jzpf&w,f/

uHudkxlaxmifpOf tcsdeftcgrSm pdwfxm;wwfvdkYvm; pdwfrxm;-

wwfvdkYvm;¿ pdwfrxm;wwfvdkYbJ? 'DvdkqdkvQif rdrdwdkY&JU pdwf"mwf

uav;awGudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zdkY rvdkbl;vm;¿ odyfvdktyfw,f/

]][dkvlUudkvnf; rauseyfvdkufç 'DvlUudkvnf; rauseyfvdkufç odrfBuD;aps;

wpfaps;vHk; vSnfhNyD;awmh &SmazGw,f? auseyfwJhvHkcsnf wpfxnfrQ

rawGUbl;qdkwJh yHkpHrsKd;qdkvQif awmfygYrvm;¿ rawmfbl;/

tJ'Dvdk yHkpHpepfeJY vlUavmurSm aexdkifcJhwJhtwGuf b,fb0

a&mufa&muf 'DuHu tusKd;ay;NyDqdkvQif b,folUudk auseyfOD;rvJ¿

b,folUudkrS rauseyfawmhbl;/ [dkvlawGUvnf; rauseyfEdkif? 'DvlawGU-

vnf; rauseyfEdkifwmu bmjzpfvdkYvJ¿ 'DuHu y#doaE¨rsKd;aphrSm

uwnf;u 'Dvdk rauseyfwJhvl jzpfapç 'Dvdk tifrwef tusnf;wef

t½kyfqdk;wJhvl jzpfapqdkNyD;awmh owfrSwfcsuf ay;xm;w,f/

'gaMumifh uHawG[m &rf;NyD; xlaxmifzdkY raumif;ygbl;? odyf-

aMumufzdkY aumif;ygw,f/ rdrdu 'DvdkuHawGukd rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;

xlaxmifNyD;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm 'DuH&JU tusKd;w&m;udk udk,fu tvdkr&Sd-

awmhygbl;qdkNyD; xdkifidkaevdkY jzpfEdkifrvm;¿ rjzpfEdkifawmhbl;/

tvm;wlyJ emrnfausmfjzpfwJh rif;uko&JU twdwfZmwfaMumif;

uav;udk vSrf;arQmfNyD; Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQif b0wpfckrSm rif;uko

tavmif; trsKd;aumif;om;ESifh ,aom"&mtavmif; odkYr[kwf ybm-

0wDtavmif; trsKd;aumif;orD;wdkY[m r&D;ESifhrwf awmfpyfcJhMuw,f/

r&D;jzpfol ybm0wDtavmif;u rwfawmfol rif;ukotavmif;


twGuf csefxm;wJhrkefYukd t&SifyapöuAk'¨g bk&m;&Siftm; avmif;vSLcJh-

rdw,f/ tusKd;taMumif; od&SdwJhtcg rif;ukotavmif; trsKd;aumif;-

om;u tJ'D vSLNyD;wJhrkefYukd t&SifyapöuAk'¨g&JU oydwfxJuae wpfcg

jyef,lw,f/

xdktcsdeftcgrSm r&D;vkyfolu rdrd&JU rdciftdrfrS axmywfawGukd

,laqmifNyD;awmh t&SifyapöuAk'g bk&m;&Sif&JU oydwfxJukd avmif;vSL

jyefw,f? 'DvdkrolawmfESifh rawGU&vdkaMumif;ukdvnf; qkawmif;yefxGm

vkdufw,f/ 'Dvkd jyKrlaewJh r&D;vkyfolukd rauseyfwJhtwGuf t&Sif-

yapöuAk'g bk&m;&Sif&JU oydwfwGif;rS rdrd,lxm;NyD;wJhrkefYukd r&D;vkyfoludk

rauseyfwJhpdwfxm;eJY xyfNyD;awmh vSLjyefw,f/ t&SifyapöuAk'¨gudk

rkefYuav;vSLwJh tcsdeftcgrSm a'go"mwfawG jcH&H NyD;awmh 'DrkefYudk

vSLcJhw,f/ vSLvdkufawmh olu r&D;vkyfwJhol tay:rSm tEdkif,lcsifwJh

pdwfxm;uav;eJYom vSLaejcif; jzpfygw,f/ wu,fMunfndKav;pm;-

wJhpdwfxm;ç MunfvifwJhpdwfxm;eJY vSLaewmrsKd; [kwfovm;¿ r[kwf-

jyefbl;/

'Dvdka'go"mwfawG jcH&HNyD; uHwpfck xlaxmifvdkufwJhtwGuf 'DuH-

u tusKd;ay;wJhtcg tusnf;wef t½kyfqdk;wJhb0 ra&muf&bl;vm;¿

a&muf&vmjyefw,f? odyfaMumufzdkY aumif;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dae&mrSm

jrwfpGmbk&m;u jyefNyD;awmh tajzay;aew,f/ trsKd;orD;wpfOD;[m

twdwfb0u a'go"mwfawG jcH&HNyD;awmh uHawGudk xlaxmifcJhwJh

twGufaMumifh 'Db0rSm vlvmjzpfwJh tcsdeftcgrSm ½kyftqif; rvSbl;/

twdwfu 'gersKd;aph enf;yg;cJhwJhtwGufaMumifh bmjzpfovJ¿ 'Db0rSm

pnf;pdrfOpöm enf;yg;&w,f/

aemufwpfck twdwfwkef;u olwpfyg;wdkY&Jh vmbfvmb&jcif;ç

t½kdtaocH&jcif;ç tav;tjrwfcH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&-

jcif;pwJh 'Dvdk*kPfaus;Zl;awGtay:rSm udk,fhxufom remvdkwJh 'Dpdwf-


"mwfawG arG;jrLcJhwJhtwGufaMumifh 'Db0rSm bmjzpfovJ¿ 'Db0rSm

ta>ct&H enf;yg;&w,f/ olUbkef;olUuHeJY ta>ct&HawG rsm;jym;aewm-

ukd rdrdu rauseyfwJhpdwfxm; &SdcJhwJhtwGuf rdrdrSm 'Dvdk ta>ct&HawG

r&&SdapEdkifwJhtusKd;rsKd; aemufqG,frSm udef;0yfNyD; raebl;vm;¿ udef;0yf

aew,f/

rdrd remvdkwJh wpfzufom;yk*d¾Kvfu tqifhtwef; jrifhaew,f/

bmjzpfvdkYvJ¿ tqifhtwef; jrifhaewJhuHawGudk olu wpfcsdefu

xlaxmifcJhawmh 'DuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm tqifhtwef; jrifhwJh

ae&mrSm ae&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk tqifhtwef; jrifhaewmudk oluwpfzufu

xdkifMunfhNyD; enf;enf;uav;rS rauseyfbl;? rauseyfbl;qdkwmu

bmajymwmvJ¿ tqifhtwef; edrfhusoGm;apcsifw,f/ 'Dvdk pdwf"mwf-

uav; r&Sdbl;vm;¿ &SSdaew,f/

tJ'Dvdk wpfzufom;udk tqifhtwef; edrfhusoGm;apcsifw,fqdkwJh

'Dpdwfxm;onf wpfcsdef 'DuHu tusKd;ay;cJhvQif bmjzpfovJ¿ 'Dxuf

tqifhtwef; edrfhwJhb0 a&muf&SdoGm;&w,f/ 'DvdkqdkvQif 'g,umBuD;-

awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG 'Dvdk pdwfxm;rsKd;awG xm;vdkYaumif;ygYrvm;¿

raumif;bl;? 'g odyfta&;BuD;w,f/

eHygwf (1)ar;cGef;udk ajzNyD;wJhtcgrSm eHygwf (2)ar;cGef;udk jrwfpGm-

bk&m;u qufNyD; ajzawmfrlw,f/ eHygwf (2)ar;cGef;u bmvJ¿ olu

t½kyfqdk;w,f? 'gayrhJ csrf;omw,f/ 'Dar;cGef;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u

b,fvkd ajzawmfrlovJ¿

trSwf (2) ar;cGef; tajz

]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm aum"em a[mwd

Oyg,moA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆwd ukyÜwd AsmyZÆwdOyg,moA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆwd ukyÜwd AsmyZÆwdOyg,moA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆwd ukyÜwd AsmyZÆwdOyg,moA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆwd ukyÜwd AsmyZÆwdOyg,moA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆwd ukyÜwd AsmyZÆwd

ywdw¬D,wd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/ywdw¬D,wd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/ywdw¬D,wd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/ywdw¬D,wd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/ywdw¬D,wd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/


rv’daurv’daurv’daurv’daurv’dau = cspforD;rv’dum/ £"£"£"£"£" = þvlUavmuü/ {uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm =

tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;orD;onf/ aum"em aum"em aum"em aum"em aum"em = trsufxGuf-

avh&Sdonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ Oyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvm = pdwfyifyef;rI rsm;jym;-

onf/ (wpfenf;) Oyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvm = &efNidK;zGJUjcif; rsm;jym;onf/

a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd = tenf;i,fudkaomfvnf;yJ/ 0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm = ajymqdk-

tyfonf/ ormemormemormemormemormem = jzpfvwfaomf/ tbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwdtbdoZÆwd = Niduyfí aewwf\/

ukyÜwd ukyÜwd ukyÜwd ukyÜwd ukyÜwd = trsufxGufwwf\/ AsmyZÆwd AsmyZÆwd AsmyZÆwd AsmyZÆwd AsmyZÆwd = azmufjyefwJh udk,ftrlt&m

EIwftrlt&mudk xif&Sm;pGm azmfvSpfjywwf\/ ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd = qefYusif-

bufjyKvkyfí &yfwnfaewwf\/

wpfzufMunfhvdkufawmh a'gou odyfBuD;jyefw,f? &efNidK;zGJUrI

awGu odyfrsm;jyefw,f? pdwfyifyef;rIawG odyfrsm;aew,f/ enf;enf;

uav;avmuf olUudk tjypfwifum ajymqdkrdvQif a'gou [kef;ueJ

xNyD; awmufvmw,f/ a'goawG odyfxGufNyD;awmh azmufjyefwJh

udk,ftrlt&m EIwftrlt&mawGudkvnf; jyw,f/ ]]igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&-

aumif;vm;ç igYudk 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;}}qdkNyD;awmh 'DajymaewJh

tm½Hktay:rSm pdwfu NiduyfNyD;aew,f? b,fawmhrS cGmvkdYr&awmhbl;/

]]igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;ç igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;}} qdkNyD;-

awmh pdwfxJrSm tifrwef NiduyfNyD;aew,f/ qefYusifbuf twdkuf

tcHvkyfNyD; &yfwnfaew,f/ oufoufudk qefYusifbufvkyfwwfwJh

tusifhp½kdufyJ/ olrsm;u tjzLqdkvQif udk,fu trnf;vkyfvdkufw,f?

olrsm;u trnf;qdkvQifvnf; udk,fu tjzLvkyfvkdufw,f/ oufouf

t&GJUwdkufNyD; xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf vkyfNyD;aew,f? tJ'Dvdk xdyfwdkuf

qefYusifbuf vkyfae½HkwGifrubJ aemufwpfck bmqufvkyfao;ovJ¿

aumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍö = trsufudkvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍö = a'gow&m;udk

vnf;aumif;/ tyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,Íö = rauseyfrIudkvnf;aumif;/ ygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwdygwkua&mwd

= xif&Sm;atmif jyKvkyfí jywwf\/


]]rdrd&JU a'goawG b,favmufBuD;w,f? b,favmuf trsuf

BuD;w,f? b,favmuf rauseyfcsufawG rsm;jym;aew,f}} qdkwmudk

udk,ftrlt&m EIwftrlt&mawGeJY xif&Sm;jyvdkufw,f/ 'gudk pdwfBuD;

w,fvdkY ac:Muw,f/ um,uH vGefusL;rIawG 0pDuH vGefusL;rIawG

jzpfroGm;bl;vm;¿ jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DvdkvGefusL;rIawGeJY uHawGudk

xlaxmifvdkufw,f/ odkYaomf wpfzufMunfhvdkufawmh b,fvdkoabm

&SdovJ¿

om 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H

,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/

om om om om om = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ orPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0g = orPtrnf&SdwJh

tvSLcHyk*¾dKvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g = jAm[®Ptrnf

&SdwJh tvSLcHyk*¾dKvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ tEéH tEéH tEéH tEéH tEéH = xrif;udkaomfvnf;-

aumif;/ ygeH ygeH ygeH ygeH ygeH = tazsmfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ 0w¬H 0w¬H 0w¬H 0w¬H 0w¬H = t0wf ouFef;udk

aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH = ,mOfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-

0davyeH 0davyeH 0davyeH 0davyeH 0davyeH =yef;ç eHYomç eHYomaysmif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ao,sm0ox-ao,sm0ox-ao,sm0ox-ao,sm0ox-ao,sm0ox-

y'Day,sy'Day,sy'Day,sy'Day,sy'Day,sH = ausmif;ç tdyf&mae&mç qDrD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ 'gwm'gwm'gwm'gwm'gwm

= vSL'gef;wwfonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfzufMunfhvkdufawmh o'¨gw&m;awGu odyfaumif;w,f/

tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf rsm;xdkxdkvdkY ac:qdk&wJh orP jAm[®Ptrnf&aewJh

tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfawG olawmfaumif;awG &Sd Muw,f/ xdkolawmfaumif;

awGudk qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq; tp&SdwJh vSLzG,f0w¬K ypönf;pkwdkYjzifh

qufuyfvSL'gef; ylaZmfw,f/ wpfzufuawmh 'gersKd;aphawG MuJcs

pdkufysKd;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk 'gersKd;aphawG MuJcspdkufysKd;wJhae&mrSm olu

b,fvdk pdwf"mwfawG jcH&Hxm;ovJ¿ tifrwef a'goBuD;jcif;qdkwJh

rauseyfwJhpdwf"mwfawG jcH&H NyD; olu uHawGudk xlaxmifw,f/ odkYaomf

wpfzufrSmawmh aumif;wJhtcsufwpfck &Sd jyefw,f/ aumif;wJhtcsufu


bmvJ¿

tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-

0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/

y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok = olwpfyg;wdkY&JU

vmbf&jcif;ç t½kdtaocH&jcif;ç tav;pm;cH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç

t&Sdcdk;cH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;wdkYü/ tedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredum = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;-

aom pdwfxm;r&Sdonf/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ e £ówd e £ówd e £ówd e £ówd e £ówd = jiLplapmif;-

ajrmif;rIr&Sd/ e Oy'kówde Oy'kówde Oy'kówde Oy'kówde Oy'kówd = jypfrSm;rIr&Sd/ £óH£óH£óH£óH£óH = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;jcif;

£ómw&m;udk/ e AE¨wde AE¨wde AE¨wde AE¨wde AE¨wd = zGJUcsnfírxm;ay/

udk,fhxufom remvdkwJh 'Dpdwfxm;rsKd; olUoEÅmefrSm &Sdovm;¿

r&Sdbl;/ olwpfyg;wkdY vmbfvmb&Muw,f? odyf0rf;omw,f/ olwpfyg;

wdkY t½kdtaocH&w,fç tav;pm;cH&w,fç tjrwfEdk;cH&w,fç tylaZmf

cH&w,fç t&Sdcdk;cH&w,f/ 'gawG jrif&wJhtcg pdwfxJ odyf0rf;omw,f?

azmufjyefwJhpdwfxm; rjzpfbl;? tifrwef aumif;wJhpdwfxm; &Sdw,f/

olwpfyg;wdkY vmbf&jcif;udk jrif&awGU&vQif 0rf;omaew,f?

pdwfxJrSm tvGef MunfEl;aew,f/ olwpfyg;wdkY tylaZmfcH&wmç tjrwf-

Edk;cH&wmç ta>ct&Hy&dowfawG rsm;jym;wm MunfhNyD;awmh pdwfxJrSm

odyf0rf;omw,f? pdwfxJrSm tvGef MunfEl;aew,f? t&d,mEG,favmif;

olawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;awG rsm;pGmjcH&Hvsuf oDvusifhpOfç orm"d

usifhpOfç ynmusifhpOfawGukd jzLjzLpifpif wu,fvufawGU usifhaeMu

wmawGukd MunfhNyD;awmh tjyHK;yef;awGu wpfudk,fvHk; vTrf;jcHKaevkduf-

w,f/ 'Dpdwfxm;rsKd;awGuawmh odyfaumif;w,f/ 'Dvdk taumif;eJY

raumif; ESpfck a&m,SufNyD;awmh olu uHawGudk xlaxmifxm;cJhw,f/

tJ'Dvdk xlaxmifxm;cJhwJhtwGufaMumifh 'DuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcg

bmjzpfvmovJ¿


om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd/ om ,w¬ ,w¬

ypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m pypömZm,wd 'kAÁPÖm p a[mwd 'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/ t¹m p

a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/a[mwd r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/

omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ wawmwawmwawmwawmwawm = xdkvlUb0rS/ pkwm pkwm pkwm pkwm pkwm = pkaw-

cJhonf&Sdaomf/ £w¬wåH £w¬wåH £w¬wåH £w¬wåH £w¬wåH = þvlUjynfvlavmuodkY/ ap tm*päwd ap tm*päwd ap tm*päwd ap tm*päwd ap tm*päwd =

tu,fí a&muf&SdvmcJhonf jzpfjim;tHh/ om om om om om = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/

,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬ = tMuiftMuiftrsKd;tEG,fü/ ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd = y#doaE¨-

tm;jzifh jzpfay:vm&\/ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ = xdkxdktrsKd;tEG,fü/ 'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p'kAÁPÖm p

= tqif;rvSonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ 'k½lyg 'k½lyg 'k½lyg 'k½lyg 'k½lyg = yHkoP²meftcsdK;tpm;

ruseonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem, = Munfh½IzG,f

raumif;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ t¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m p = <u,f0csrf;om

onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ r['ëm p r['ëm p r['ëm p r['ëm p r['ëm p = rsm;aom pnf;pdrfOpöm

&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ r[mabm*g pr[mabm*g pr[mabm*g pr[mabm*g pr[mabm*g p = rsm;jym;aom toHk;

taqmif y&dabm*&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ ra[ou©m pra[ou©m pra[ou©m pra[ou©m pra[ou©m p

= rsm;jym;aom ta>ct&H&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

'Da[mMum;awmfrlcsufudk MunfhvdkufvQif taumif;"mwfuav;-

awGu aumif;wJhtusKd; ray;bl;vm;¿ ay;w,f/ raumif;"mwf

uav;awGuvnf; raumif;wJhtusKd; ray;bl;vm;¿ ay;w,f/ vlUbHk

vlUb0okdY a&muf&Sdvm&ygw,f/ okdYaomf a'go"mwfawG jcH&H NyD; uH-

awGudk xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf 'DvlUb0rSm b,fvdkjzpf&ovJ¿ tifrwef

tusnf;wef t½kyfqdk;wJhol vmNyD; jzpf&w,f/ wpfzufuvnf; 'ge

rsKd;aphawG MuJcspdkufysKd;cJhwJhtwGuf pnf;pdrfOpöm <u,f0csrf;omwJh

yk*¾dKvfvnf; rjzpf&bl;vm;¿ jzpf&jyefw,f/

olwpfyg;wdkY vmbfvmb&jcif;ç t½kdtaocH&jcif;ç tav;pm;

cH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ponfh 'Doabmw&m;awGtay:ü jiLplapmif;-

ajrmif;wJhpdwfxm; r&SdcJhwJhtwGuf rdrdrSm ta>ct&H rrsm;&bl;vm;¿


rsm;jym;&w,f/ olwpfyg;wdkY bkef;uHBuD;rm;aewmudk jrifawGU&vQif

olu 0rf;omaew,f/ olwpfyg;wdkYudk bkef;uHBuD;jrJwdkif; qufvufNyD;

wnfwHhapcsifw,fqdkwJh pdwfxm;uav;awG jzpfraebl;vm;¿ jzpfae-

w,f/ olwpfyg;wdkYudk vmbfvmb&jrJwdkif; &apcsifw,fç tylaZmf

cH&apcsifw,fç tjrwfEdk;cH&apcsifw,fç tav;pm;cH&apcsifw,f/ 'Dvdk

pdwfxm;awGu rdrd vmbfvmb&zdkYç t½kdtaocH&zdkYç tav;pm;cH&zdkYç

tjrwfEdk;cH&zdkYç tylaZmfcH&zdkY taMumif;w&m;awG jzpfvm&w,f/

'gaMumifh 'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG rdrdwdkYu oHo&mc&D;

rqHk;ao;bl;qdkvQifawmh rdrdwdkY&JU pdwf"mwfuav;awGudk jyKjyifajymif;-

vJay;zdkY rvdkbl;vm;¿ vdktyfw,f/ pdwf"mwfudkawmh jyKjyifajymif;vJrI

r&SdbJeJY 'Dtwdkif;yJ ypfpvufcwf xm;vdkufr,fqdkvQif rdrdwdkY\ b0-

onf tifrwef tqifhtwef; edrfhusaewJh b0wpfckudk r&Edkifbl;vm;¿

&oGm;Edkifw,f/ 'Dtcsufukdawmh owdxm;zdkYaumif;w,f/ uJ eHygwf (2)

ar;cGef;ukd tajzay;awmfrlNyD;wJhtcg eHygwf (3)ar;cGef;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;

qufNyD; tajzay;awmfrlygw,f/

trSwf (3) ar;cGef; tajz

]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd

tEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd e

AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/

rvd’aurvd’aurvd’aurvd’aurvd’au = cspforD;rvd’um/ £"£"£"£"£" = þvlUavmuü/ {uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm{uapöm =

tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;orD;onf/ tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p = trsuf

a'go BuD;avhr&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ tEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvm

ppppp = pdwfyifyef;rI rrsm;jym;onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ (0g) tEkyg- tEkyg- tEkyg- tEkyg- tEkyg-

,moA[kvm p,moA[kvm p,moA[kvm p,moA[kvm p,moA[kvm p = &efNidK;zJGUrI rrsm;jym;onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd = rsm;pGmudkaomfvnf;yJ/ 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm = ajymqdkcJhonf/ ormem ormem ormem ormem ormem =


jzpfvwfaomf/ embdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwd = Niduyfíraewwf/

wpfzufudk Munfhvdkr,fqdkvQif olUrSm a'gor&Sdbl;? &efNidK;zJ GUrIvnf;

r&Sd jyefbl;/ olUudk b,favmufyJ ajymcsifwm ajymygap? enf;enf;

ajym½Hkavmufyif rqdkxm;eJY b,favmufrsm;rsm;yJ ajymcsifwmawG

ajymygap? b,fawmhrS pdwfxJrSm NiduyfNyD; rxm;wwfbl;/ pdwfxJ

rSwfrxm;wwfbl;/ ]]igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;ç igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&-

aumif;vm;}}qdkNyD; pdwfxJrSm NiduyfNyD;awmh raebl;/

e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd = trsufvnf;rxGufwwfay/ e AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwd = azmufjyefwJh

trlt&mudk jyKvkyfí rjywwfay/ e ywdw¬D,wde ywdw¬D,wde ywdw¬D,wde ywdw¬D,wde ywdw¬D,wd = qefYusifbuf

jyKvkyfí r&yfwnfaeay/ aumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍö = trsufudkvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍa'goÍa'goÍa'goÍa'goÍöö öö ö =

a'gow&m;ukdvnf;aumif;/ typö,Íö typö,Íö typö,Íö typö,Íö typö,Íö = rauseyfcsufukdvnf;aumif;/

e ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwd = xif&Sm;jyKvkyfí rjywwfay/

trsufvnf; b,fawmhrS rxGufwwfbl;? azmufazmufjyefjyef-

vnf; pdwfxJrSm r&Sdbl;? um,uH 0pDuHtaeeJYvnf; azmufazmuf

jyefjyef bmrQvkyfNyD;jywm r&Sdbl;? twdkuftcH xdyfwkdufqefYusifbuf

jyKvkyfNyD; b,fawmhrS raebl;? ]]igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;ç igYudk

'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;}}qdkNyD; xdyfwdkufqefYusifbuftaeeJY &yfwnfNyD;

b,fawmhrS raebl;/ 'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG 'Dpdwfxm;

uav;awG raumif;bl;vm;¿ odyfaumif;w,f/ b,favmufyJ a'go

jzpfapwJh pum;rsKd;yif jzpfygap? vmajymolukd pdwfxJrSm b,fawmhrS

rSwfrxm;wwfbl;? Niduyfjcif;qdkwJh aw;xm;wJhoabm r&Sdbl;? a'go-

udkvnf; b,fawmhrS xif&Sm;rjywwfbl;? rauseyfcsufawGukdvnf;

b,fawmhrS xif&Sm;jyKvkyfNyD; rjywwfbl;? 'Dvdkpdwfxm;awG[m odyf-

aumif;w,f/

b,favmuftxd aumif;w,fqdkvQif 'g,umBuD; 'g,dumr-

BuD;awG enf;enf; Mum;zl;ygvdrfhr,f/ Owå&mOygodumrqdkwm bk&m;&Sif


vufxufawmfu xif&Sm;&S dcJhzl;wJh aomwmyef t&d,molawmfaumif;

wpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ olru a'gor&Sdatmif pdwf"mwfawGukd b,fvdk

jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;ovJ¿ oD&drmjynfhwefqmru yGufyGufqlaewJh

axmywftdk;BuD;xJu yGufyGufqlaewJh axmywfawG cyfNyD;awmh

udk,fay:rSm vmavmif;csvdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm rauseyfcsufawG jycJh-

ovm;¿ rjycJhbl;/ rdrd&JU pdwf"mwfawGukd arwåmpGrf;tm;awGeJY jyKjyif

ajymif;vJxm;w,f/

,ck 'g,umBuD; 'g,dumrBuD;awG olwpfyg;awGu axmywf

qDylawGeJY ukd,fay: vmNyD;avmif;cswm cH&zl;ovm;¿ rcH&zl;ygbl;/

'Davmuftxd jyif;xefwJh wkYHjyefrIrsKd;ukd rcHpm;&zl;ygbl;/ Owå&m

Oygodumruawmh yGufyGufqlaewJh axmywfawGukd ukd,fay: vmNyD;

avmif;csvdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm arwåmeJY jyefNyD; ckcHcJhw,f/

bk&m;&Sif&JU oGefoifjyoxm;awmfrlwJh arwåm"mwfpGrf;tm;u

odyfNyD; tm;rBuD;bl;vm;¿ tm;BuD;w,f/ owå0gwpfOD;ukd tqifh-

twef; jrifhrm;apwJhb0ukd a&mufatmifvnf; ydkYaqmifay;Edkifw,f/

ypöKyÜefb0rSmvnf; at;csrf;rI om,mrIuav;awGukd &atmifvnf;

zefwD;NyD; ray;Edkifbll;vm;¿ ay;Edkifw,f/

Owå&mOygodumr[m bk&m;&SifxHawmfrS oif,lcJhonfhtwkdif;

arwåmpsmefukd 0dyóem\ tajcyg'ujyKum orx-0dyóembm0em

wdkYukd aomwmywdår*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfwdkYjzifh eda&m"opöm edAÁmefw&m;-

awmfjrwfBuD;ukd rsufarSmufjyKEkdifonfh tqifhokdYwdkifatmif pepfwus

usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfxm;NyD;wJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;

jzpfygw,f/

'Dvkd csrf;omokcawGudk &&Sdxm;NyD;wJhtwGuf 'DOwå&mOygodum-

r[m rMumrMum arwåmpsmefudk 0ifpm;avh&Sdw,f/ 'Darwåmpsmefudk

tajccHNyD; 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;ukd pD;jzef;avh&Sdw,f/ 'Dvdk yGm;rsm;


tm;xkwfxm;wJh pGrf;tm;awGaMumifh aomwmywådr*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfukd

qdkufa&muf &&Sdxm;wJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;vnf; jzpfwJhtwGuf olU&JU

arwåmpsmefawG[m 0dyóemÓPfjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUxm;wJhtwGuf

ckdifcHhwJhtqifhodkY a&muf&Sdaew,f/ 'Dvdk ckdifcHhaewJh arwåmpsmefukd olu

tcsdefra&G; 0ifpm;vdkY&atmif avhusifhxm;w,f/

'DarwåmpsmefwdkY&JU pGrf;tm;u arwåmtusKd; (11)yg; jzpfygw,f/

'DtusKd; (11)yg;xJrSm rD;ravmifjcif; tylravmifjcif;qdkwJh pGrf;tif

wpfckvnf; yg0ifaeygw,f/ 'Darwåm"mwf&JU pGrf;tifrSmu olwpfyg;-

wdkYukd ab;&efuif;vdkwJh pdwfxm;ç pdwfqif;&J jcif; uif;vdkwJh pdwfxm;ç

udk,fqif;&Jjcif; uif;vdkwJh pdwfxm;ç usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omomjzifh

rdrd\ cE¨m0efudk &GufaqmifEdkifapvdkwJh pdwfxm;uav;awG &Sdw,f/

'g,umBuD; 'g,dumrBuD;awG wpfzufom;tay:rSm ab;&ef

uif;apcsifaewJh pdwfxm;ç wpfzufom;tay:rSm pdwfqif;&J uif;ap-

csifaewJh pdwfxm;ç wpfzufom;tay:rSm ukd,fqif;&J uif;apcsifaewJh

pdwfxm;ç wpfzufom;tay:rSm usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omomjzifh

rdrd&JU cE¨m0efudk &GufaqmifEdkifapcsifwJh 'Dpdwfxm;awGukd rGefjrwfwJh

pdwfxm;awGvkdY rajymEdkifbl;vm;¿ ajymEdkifw,f/ odyftzdk;wefwJh

pdwfxm;awG jzpfygw,f/ 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awG jzpfay:Edkifvmatmif

rdrdwdkY&JU pdwftpOfukd jyKjyifajymif;vJay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/

arwåmpsmefESifh,SOfwJh 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awG jzpfay:vma&;twGuf

orxur®|mef;enf;rSm tajccHtjzpfjzifh tmemygeeJYyJjzpfapç "mwfBuD;

av;yg;eJYyJjzpfap orm"dwpfckukd xlaxmif&ygw,f/ tu,fí tmem

ygeur®|mef;ESifh orm"dukd xlaxmifvdkufvdkY edrdwfawGu cdkifvmNyD?

vif;a&mifjcnfpGrf;tifawGu odyftm;aumif;vmNyDqdkvQifawmh pwkw¬-

psmefavmuftxd aygufajrmufatmif tenf;qkH; orm"dxlaxmif&yg-

w,f/


'Dorm"dudk tajccHNyD; (32)aum|moukd t0g;0atmif ½I&ygw,f/

(32)aum|morSm tjyift½kd;pkaum|mou pwifNyD; tjzLa&mif

Mo'gwuodkPf;bufudk ajymif;½I&ygw,f/ Mo'gwuodkPf;udk t&yf

(10)rsufESm jzefYMuufNyD; ½Ivkduf&mu pwkw¬psmefavmuf aygufNyDqdk-

vQifawmh 'DuodkPf;uae arwåmpsmefur®|mef;ukd ul;ajymif;½Ivkdufr,f

qdkvQif odyfvG,foGm;ygw,f/

arwåmpsmefur®|mef;udk ul;ajymif;½IvdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm trsKd;-

orD;a,m*D jzpfcJhvQifvnf; ukd,fcspfcifMunfndKav;pm;wJh trsKd;orD;

wpfOD;OD;ukd pNyD; yGm;&ygw,f/ trsKd;om;a,m*D jzpfcJhvQifvnf; ukd,f

cspfcifMunfnKdav;pm;wJh trsKd;om; wpfOD;OD;ukd pNyD; yGm;&ygw,f/ tJ'D

yk*d¾ Kvfudk rdrd&&Sdxm;wJh Mo'gwuodkPf; pwkw¬psmeform"daMumifh jzpf-

ay:vmwJh ÓPfvif;a&mifjcnfpGrf;tm; tultnDeJY tm½Hk,lNyD;awmh

]]'Dolawmfaumif;onf ab;&efuif;ygapç ab;&efuif;ygapç ab;&ef

uif;ygap}}qkdNyD; 'Dvdk arwåmyGm;&ygw,f/

'Dvdk arwåmyGm;aewJh tcsdeftcgrSm 'Dolawmfaumif;&JU ab;&ef

uif;&Sif;aewJh yHkuav;tay:rSm rdrd&JU bm0empdwfu wpfem&D ESpfem&D

ponfjzifh Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD; wnfoGm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;

wnfoGm;wJhtcgrSm wpfem&D Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD; wnfaevQif wpfem&D

yxrpsmef csrf;omukd cHpm;ae&w,f/ ESpfem&D Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD; wnf-

aevQif ESpfem&D psmefcsrf;omukd cHpm;&w,f/

tJ'Dolawmfaumif;&JU ab;&efuif;&Sif;aewJh yHkuav;tay:rSm

tm½Hk,lNyD;awmh arwåmbm0empdwfudk yxrpsmefç 'kwd,psmefç wwd,-

psmeftxdaygufatmif ½IvdkY&ygw,f? psmefcsrf;omukd cHpm;pHpm;Edkifyg-

w,f/ 'DavmufwGif tusKd;&Sdovm;qdkawmh ruao;ygbl;/ ]]'Dolawmf-

aumif;onf pdwfqif;&Juif;ygapç udk,fqif;&Juif;ygapç usef;usef;-

rmrm csrf;csrf;omomjzifh rdrd\ cE¨m0efudk &GufaqmifEdkifygap}}qdkwJh


arwåmydkYoenf; toD;oD;rSmvnf; yHkpHwlyif wwd,psmefaygufatmif

½IvkdY&ygw,f/

arwåmur®|mef;eJY wwd,psmefavmuftxd &&Sdatmif ½IyGm;EkdifwJh

0ifpm;EdkifwJh olawmfaumif;twGuf 'Darwåmpsmefcsrf;om[m ypöKyÜefrSm

tm;BuD;wJhcsrf;om jzpfoGm;NyD? tJ'Duae owå0gtm;vkH;tay: jzefYMuuf

NyD; arwåmpsmefawGudk 0ifpm;EdkifcJhvQifawmh twdkif;xuftvGef tvGef

wefzdk;&SdoGm;ygw,f/

tJ'D arwåmpsmefawGudk tajccHNyD;awmh ½kyfawGemrfawGudk odrf;-

qnf;Edkifr,f? taMumif;w&m;awGudk &SmazGEdkifr,f? taMumif;w&m;ESifh

wuG 'D½kyfemrfawGudk tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåvu©Pma&;oHk;wefwifNyD;

wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½IEdkifcJhr,fqdkvQifvnf; r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPf edAÁmefudk

&&SdEdkifygw,f/ r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPf edAÁmefukd &&SdcJhr,fqdkvQif 'Darwåmpsmef

awGu r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfudk tm;BuD;aom rSD&mOyedó,owådeJY aus;Zl;

jyKay;w,fvdkY ac:&w,f/ 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awGu edAÁmefwdkifatmif

aus;Zl;jyKay;Ekdifygw,f/

'DvdkqdkvQif owå0gtcsif;csif; tckvdk acwåcP awGUMuqkHMu

MuHKMuwJh tcsdeftcguav;rSm owå0gwpfOD;u owå0gwpfOD;tay:ü

arwåm"mwfawG apvTwfNyD; ]]ab;&efuif;ygapç pdwfqif;&Juif;ygapç

ukd,fqif;&Juif;ygapç usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omomjzifh rdrd\

cE¨m0efudk &GufaqmifEdkifygap}}qdkwJh 'Dpdwfxm;uav; arG;jrLjcif;u

'Dpdwfxm;arG;jrLaewJh olawmfaumif;twGufvnf; tusKd;r&Sdbl;vm;¿

tusKd;&Sdw,f/

wpfzufom;yk*d¾KvftwGufvnf; b,favmufrsm; xdcdkufepfem-

oGm;p&mtaMumif; &SdovJ¿ r&Sdygbl;/ wpfzufom;uvnf; 'Dvdk

pdwfxm;rsKd; &Sdaew,fqdkvQif rdrdtay:rSm auseyfNyD; rvmEdkifbl;vm;¿

vmEdkifw,f/ rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;vHk;twGuf tusKd;&SdwJh pdwfxm;


&Sdw,fqdkvQif rdrdtay:rSmvnf; auseyfNyD; rvmEdkifbl;vm;¿ vmEdkif-

w,f/ rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;vHk;twGuf tusKd;&SdwJh tJ'D pdwfxm;rsKd;udk

'Dolawmfaumif;wpfOD;u wpfzufu jznfhusifhaew,f/ jznfhusifhaewJh

twGuf 'Dab;&efuif;apcsifw,fqdkwJh pdwfxm;rsKd; tjrJwrf; olUrSm

&Sdaew,f/ 'DarwåmpGrf;tm;awGu 'Davmufyif tusKd;&Sdovm;qdkvQif-

vnf; ruao;ygbl;/

'Darwåmpsmefukd tajccHNyD; 'D½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk tedpöç

'ku©ç tewåvu©Pma&;oHk;wefwifNyD; wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½IEdkifwJh

tqifhtxdvnf; olu a&mufaew,f/ tm;vHk; tedpöw&m;awGç 'ku©

w&m;awGç tewåw&m;awGyJqdkwmudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif; &Sif;&Sif;

vif;vif;BuD; odaewJhtwGuf tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåjzpfaewJh 'Da'go

jy"mef;aewJh tukodkvfw&m;awGudkvnf; vG,fvG,fulul 0dyóem

½IEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;awG &Sdaejcif;aMumifh olUtwGuf pdwfxJrSm wkefvIyfrI

odyfr&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh wpfzufaomyk*d¾Kvfuae ajymvmNyDqdkvQif

bmjzpfvJ¿ b,favmufyJrsm;rsm; ajymcsifajymygap/

tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p = trsufrxGufwwfonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

tEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm p = &efNidK;zJGUrI rrsm;jym;onfvnf;/ (wpfenf;)

tEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm p = pdwfyifyef;rI rrsm;jym;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd

= jzpf\/

arwåmpsmefuav;awG 0ifpm;NyD;aer,f? arwåmbm0emur®|mef;

pD;jzef;aer,fqdkvQif xdktcsdeftcgrSm rdrdrSm pdwfyifyef;rIawG jzpfEkdif

ovm;¿ rjzpfEk difawmhbl;/ pdwfawGu wpfcgwav 'g,umBuD;awG

'g,dumrBuD;awGvnf; pdwfyifyef;zl;Muygvdrfhr,f/ pdwfawGu tifr-

wef yifyef;vmNyDqdkvQif rsuf&nfawGusvmw,f? pdwfawG odyfqif;&J

vmw,f? wcsKdUqdkvQif ESvHk;ukd xdcdkufEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;awG r&Sdbl;vm;¿

&Sdvmw,f/ tJ'Dpdwfxm;rsKd;vnf; aumif;ovm;¿ raumif;bl;/


'gaMumifh 'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;wkdYwpfawG rdrdvnf; csrf;om-

csifw,fç olwpfyg;udkvnf; csrf;omapcsifw,fqdkvQifawmh pdwf"mwf-

uav;awG jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zdkY rvdkbl;vm;¿ vdktyfaew,f/

tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p tauúm"em p = trsufxGufjcif;r&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

tEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm ptEkyg,moA[kvm p = pdwfyifyef;rIrrsm;jym;onfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd =

jzpf\/ A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd = rsm;pGmaomfvnf;/ 0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm = ajymqdktyfonf/ ormeormeormeormeormemmmmm =

jzpfvwfaomf/ embdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwd = Niduyfí raeay/

]]igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;? igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;}}qdkwJh

'Dvdk NiduyfwJhpdwfxm; &Sdae&rvm;¿ r&Sd&bl;/ 'Dowå0gawGtm;vHk;[m

tedpöw&m;awGç 'ku©w&m;awGç tewåw&m;awG jzpfMuw,f/ olvnf;

olUuHtm;avsmfpGm olb0ukd olzefwD;oGm;vdrfhr,f/ igvnf; igYuH

tm;avsmfpGm igYb0udk wnfaxmifzefwD;&rSm jzpfw,f/ uHçuH&JUtusKd;-

ukd cHpm; pHpm;Mu&rSm jzpfw,f/

'Dvdk uHçuH&JUtusKd;udk ESvHk;oGif;jcif;ç arwåmbm0emur®|mef;

a&csrf;ESifhvnf; yufzsef;ay;jcif;jzifh trsufxGufjcif;ç pdwfyifyef;rI

rsm;jym;jcif;ç &efNidK;zGJUjcif;ç rauseyfcsufawG Niduyfaejcif;ç rkef;wD;aejcif;

qdkwJh 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awGudk y,fazsmufay;&r,f/ arwåmpsmefudk

tajccHNyD; 'D½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;jcif;tm;jzifh

vnf;aumif;ç tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåvu©Pma&;oHk;wefwifum 0dyóem

½Ijcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif; 'Da'gow&m;awGudk y,fazsmufay;&r,f/

NiduyfaewJh pdwfxm;awGudk bmvkyf&rvJ¿ azsmufzsufypf&r,f/

'gaMumifh ---

A[krÜdA[krÜdA[krÜdA[krÜdA[krÜd = rsm;pGmudkvnf;yJ/ 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm = ajymqdktyfonf/ ormemormemormemormemormem =

jzpfvwfaomf/ embdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwd = Niduyfí raewwfay/ e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd = trsuf

rxGufwwfay/ e AsmyZÆwd e AsmyZÆwd e AsmyZÆwd e AsmyZÆwd e AsmyZÆwd = azmufjyefwJh trlt&mukd rjyKwwfay/

eeeee ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd ywdw¬D,wd = qefYusifbufjyKvkyfírwnfaeay/ aumyÍaumyÍaumyÍaumyÍaumyÍö = trsuf


udkvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö = a'gow&m;udkvnf;aumif;/ typö,Íötypö,Íötypö,Íötypö,Íötypö,Íö =

rauseyfcsufukdvnf;aumif;/ e ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwde ygwkua&mwd = xif&Sm;jyKvkyfí

rjywwfay/

xdyfwkdufqefYusifbuf &yfwnfae&rvm;¿ r&yfwnf&bl;/ tJ'D

pdwfxm;uav;awGudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;&r,f? b,fawmhrS rdrd&JU

rauseyfcsufawGudk oGefNyD; rcs&bl;? xif&Sm;b,fawmhrS razmfjy&bl;?

olawmfaumif;jzpfcsifwJh yk*d¾Kvfonf rdrd&JU rauseyfcsufawGudk zGifhxkwf-

ae&rvm;¿ rzGifhxkwf&bl;/ 'gawGtm;vHk;[m tedpöw&m;awG jzpfw,fç

'ku©w&m;awG jzpfw,fç tewåw&m;awG jzpfw,fqdkNyD; tm;vHk; cP-

uav;twGif;rSm Budwfajcypf&w,f/

ckeu Owå&mOygodumrqdkvQif arwåmpsmefudk csufcsif; 0ifpm;-

vdkufw,f? 0ifpm;Ekdifatmifvnf; olu Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum

avhusifhxm;w,f? 'Darwåmpsmefu olUudk umuG,fay;vdkufw,f?

tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd;udk umuG,fay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;awG &Sdvmw,f? tJ'D

pdwfxm;rsKd;eJU olu bk&m;trSL;&SdwJh oHCmawmfawGudk wpfzufu

'geyJGBuD; tBuD;tus,f usif;yaew,f/ tJ'Dvdk 'gewpfcku tusKd;

ay;NyDqdkvQif bmjzpfrvJ¿ odyfaumif;oGm;r,f/ tck eHygwf (3) trsKd;-

orD;rSm wpfzufu arwåm"mwfawGuawmh tm;rsm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh

wpfzufrSmawmh cRwf,Gif;csufu &Sdaejyefw,f/

om e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeHom e 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH

0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/

omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g = orPtrnf&SdwJh

yk*d¾Kvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ jAm[®Pó 0gjAm[®Pó 0gjAm[®Pó 0gjAm[®Pó 0gjAm[®Pó 0g = jAm[®Ptrnf&SdwJh

yk*d¾Kvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ tEtEtEtEtEéé éé é HH HH H = xrif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ ygeH ygeH ygeH ygeH ygeH

= tazsmf,rumukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ 0w¬H0w¬H0w¬H0w¬H0w¬H = t0wf ouFef;udkaomf

vnf;aumif;/ ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH = ,mOfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rmvm*E¨0davyeH rmvm*E¨0davyeH rmvm*E¨0davyeH rmvm*E¨0davyeH rmvm*E¨0davyeH


= yef;ç eYHomç eY Homaysmif;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ ao,sm0oxy'Day,Hsao,sm0oxy'Day,Hsao,sm0oxy'Day,Hsao,sm0oxy'Day,Hsao,sm0oxy'Day,Hs

= ausmif;ç tdyf&mae&mç qDrD;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ e 'gwme 'gwme 'gwme 'gwme 'gwm = ray;vSL-

wwfonf/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfzufMunfhvkdufawmh pdwfaepdwfxm;uav;awG odyfaumif;-

aeygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvkdY wpfzufusawmh 'gecsKdUwJhNyD; raebl;vm;¿

'gecsKdUwJhoGm;jyefw,f/ 'gecsKdUwJh½Hkwifvm;qdkawmh r[kwfjyefbl;/

aemufxyf b,fvdk csKdU,Gif;csuf jzpfaejyefovJ¿

£ómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-£ómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-

0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok £ówd Oy'kówd £óH AE¨wd/

omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Eé-y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Eé-y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Eé-y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Eé-y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Eé-

ylZemoylZemoylZemoylZemoylZemo k = olwpfyg;wdkY&JU vmbfvmb&jcif;ç t½dktaocH&jcif;ç

tav;pm;cH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç t&Sdcdk;cH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;wdkYü/

£ómredum£ómredum£ómredum£ómredum£ómredum = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;aom pdwfxm;&Sdonf/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd =

jzpf\/ £ówd£ówd£ówd£ówd£ówd = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wwf\/ Oy'kówdOy'kówdOy'kówdOy'kówdOy'kówd = jypfrSm;wwf-

\/ £óH £óH £óH £óH £óH = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;rIukd/ AE¨wdAE¨wdAE¨wdAE¨wdAE¨wd = zGJUcsnfí xm;wwfay\/

wpfzufu 'gerjyK½kHwif rubl;? olwpfyg;awG vmbfvmb&jcif;ç

t½dktaocH&jcif;ç tav;jrwfcH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç

t&Sdckd;cH&jcif; tp&SdwJh 'Dvdkvkyfief;&yfawG tay:ü rauseyfcsufawGu

odyfrsm;w,f/ enf;enf;uav;rS MunfhvkdYr& jzpfaewwfw,f/ ]]oif;ukd

igu enf;enf;rS MunfhvkdYr&bl;? oif;ukd igu enf;enf;rS MunfhvkdY

r&bl;}}qdkwJh 'Dvkdpdwfxm;uav;awG 0ifvmw,f/ tJ'D pdwfxm;uav;

awGu aumif;ovm;¿ raumif;bl;/ wpfzufrSm 'Dvdk vmbfç ylaZmf

ouúm&pwJh aumif;usKd;csrf;om r*Fvmtjzmjzmukd r&apcsifwJh

pdwfxm;uav;awG jzpfwJhtwGuf tJ'D pdwfxm;uav;awGu rdrd

qif;&JzdkYtaMumif; rjzpfbl;vm;¿ jzpfvmw,f/ tJ'DuHu tusKd;ay;

awmhr,fqdkvQif b,fvkday;rvJ¿


om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd? om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd? om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd? om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd? om ,w¬ ,w¬om ap wawm pkwm £w¬wåH tm*päwd? om ,w¬ ,w¬

ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m ygom'dum y&rm,

0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/

omomomomom = xkdtrsKd;orD;onf/ wawmwawmwawmwawmwawm = xdkb0rS/ pkwmpkwmpkwmpkwmpkwm = pkawcJh-

onf&Sdaomf/ £w¬wåH £w¬wåH £w¬wåH £w¬wåH £w¬wåH = þvlUjynfvlUavmuukd/ ap tm*päwdap tm*päwdap tm*päwdap tm*päwdap tm*päwd =

tu,fí a&muf&SdvmcJhonf jzpfjim;tHh/ omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/

,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬ = tMuiftMuiftrsKd;tEG,fü/ ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd ypömZm,wd = y#doaE¨-

tm;jzifh jzpfay:ívm&ay\/ ww¬ ww¬ww¬ ww¬ww¬ ww¬ww¬ ww¬ww¬ ww¬ = xdkxdktrsKd;tEG,fü/

tbd½lyg ptbd½lyg ptbd½lyg ptbd½lyg ptbd½lyg p = tvGeftqif;vSonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ 'óeD-'óeD-'óeD-'óeD-'óeD-

,m,m,m,m,m = ½IcsifpzG,f&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ ygom'dum pygom'dum pygom'dum pygom'dum pygom'dum p =

MunfndKzG,f*kPfukd aqmifíxm;wwfonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

y&rm,y&rm,y&rm,y&rm,y&rm, = vGefjrwfaom/ 0PÖaygu©&wm,0PÖaygu©&wm,0PÖaygu©&wm,0PÖaygu©&wm,0PÖaygu©&wm, = ½kyftqif; vHk;&yf-

oP²mefESifh/ orEém*wm porEém*wm porEém*wm porEém*wm porEém*wm p = jynfhpHkonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

twdwfu arwåm"mwfawG odyftm;aumif;cJhw,f? a'go"mwf-

awG r&Sdbll;? a'gorBuD;bJeJY arwåm"mwfawG jcH&HNyD;awmh wpfzufu

vlUb0a&mufaMumif; uHuav;awGukd xlaxmifcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh

wpfzufu 'DuHawGrSm 'geu odyfNyD; tm;aysmhaejyefw,f/ 'geu

tm;aysmhaeaomfvnf; wpfzufrSm a'go"mwftm;enf;NyD; arwåm-

"mwfawGukd jcH&Hum uHawGudk xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf 'DuHu tusKd;ay;

vdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm tifrwef tqif;vSw,f? ½IcsifpzG,f &Sdw,f?

MunfndKzG,f*kPfudk aqmifxm;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm;awG&Sdw,f? ukd,fyHkoP²mef

taetxm; t&nftqif;awG Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQifvnf; t&nf-

tqif;awGu tifrwef jrifhjrwfw,f? yHkoP²mef tcsdK;tpm;uvnf;

tvGefwifhw,f vSyaew,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfzufu 'gecsKdUwJhcJhwJh

twGuf bmjzpfovJ¿


'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p/'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p/'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p/'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p/'vd'´g p a[mwd tyÜóum tyÜabm*g tayÜou©m p/

'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p'vd'´g p = qif;&JEGrf;yg;onfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ tttttyyyyyÜó-Üó-Üó-Üó-Üó-

um pum pum pum pum p = enf;yg;aom ukd,fydkifOpöm&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

tyÜabm*g p tyÜabm*g p tyÜabm*g p tyÜabm*g p tyÜabm*g p = enf;yg;aom toHk;taqmif y&dabm*&Sdonfvnf;/

a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ tayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m ptayÜou©m p = enf;yg;aom ta>ct&Hy&dowf

&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

'geenf;yg;cJhwJhtwGuf pnf;pdrfOpömu enf;&jyefw,f? olwpfyg;-

awG vmbfvmb&wmudk remvdkwJh pdwfxm;awG tm;aumif;cJhwJh

twGuf rdrdrSm bmjzpfvmovJ¿ ta>ct&H enf;yg;&jyefw,f/ uHawG-

udk ta&ma&m taESmaESm xlaxmifcJhMuawmh tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcg

rSmvnf; ta&ma&m taESmaESmawG jzpfraebl;vm;¿ jzpfaew,f/

vlUb0ukdaawmh a&mufvm&ygw,f? ½kyftqif;uav;ESifhvnf; jynfhpHk

ygw,f/ odkYaomf tifrwef qif;&JEGrf;yg;aew,f/ 'Dvdk b0rsKd;qdkvQif-

vnf; aumif;rvm;¿ raumif;bl;/

ta>ct&Hr&SdwmESifhpyfvdkY ajym&r,fqkdvQif wcsKdUyk*d¾Kvfrsm;

taMumif;rvSvkdY usef;rma&;awG ysufpD;NyD; tdyf&mxJ vJwJhtajctae-

avmuftxd a&mufoGm;vQif a&wpfcGuf cyfay;rnfholawmif tem;rSm

&Sdovm;¿ r&Sdbl;/ twdwfu b0wpfckrSm rdrdu olwpfyg;wdkY&JU ta>c-

t&H rsm;jym;jcif;ç vmbfvmb&jcif;qdkwJh 'Doabmw&m;awG tay:rSm

rMunfvifwJh pdwfxm;uav;awGukd jcH&H NyD;awmhrS uHawGudk xlaxmif

cJhw,f/ 'DuHu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm rdrdrSm ta>ct&H enf;roGm;

bl;vm;¿ odyfenf;oGm;w,f/

igom touft&G,fBuD;vQifawmh om;awGç orD;awGç ajr;awGç

jrpfawGukd tm;ukd;&rSmyJqdkNyD;awmh om;awG orD;awG&atmif xlaxmif

cJhayr,fhvdkY 'Dom;awG orD;awG ukd,fhtem;rSm &dSovm;¿ r&Sdbl;?


wpfa,mufrQ r&Sdawmhbl;/ bmjzpfvkdY r&SdovJ¿ 'DuHu r&Sdatmifukd

zefwD;ay;xm;w,f? 'g odyfaMumufzdkYaumif;w,f/

trSwf (4) ar;cGef; tajz -

]]a'gorBuD;jcif; = arwåm"mwftm;aumif;jcif;}}

aemufwpfck -- eHygwf (4)trsKd;orD;uawmh eHygwfwpf taumif;-

qHk; trsKd;tpm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ ½kyftqif;vnf; vSyw,f? pnf;pdrfOpöm-

vnf; <u,f0csrf;omw,f/ b,fvkdtaMumif;aMumifh 'Dvdk trsKd;orD;

b0 a&muf&w,fqdkwmukd bk&m;&Sifu jyefNyD;awmh eHygwf (4)taeeJY

tajzay;awmfrlxm;ygw,f/

]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd]]£" ye rv’dau {uapöm rmwk*garm tauúm"em a[mwd

tEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd etEkyg,moA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆwd e ukyÜwd e

AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/AsmyZÆwd e ywdw¬D,wd/ e aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwkua&mwd/

rvd’aurvd’aurvd’aurvd’aurvd’au = cspforD;rvd’um/ £" £" £" £" £" = þvlUavmuü/ {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm {uapöm =

tcsKdUaom/ rmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garmrmwk*garm = trsKd;orD;onf/ tauúm"emtauúm"emtauúm"emtauúm"emtauúm"em = trsufa'go

rBuD;wwfonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ tEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvm = pdwfyifyef;rI

rrsm;jym;onf/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd A[krÜd = rsm;pGmukdaomfvnf;/ 0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm

= ajymqkdtyfonf/ ormemormemormemormemormem = jzpfvwfaomf/ embdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwdembdoZÆwd = Niduyfí

raeay/ e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd e ukyÜwd = trsufrxGufwwfay/ e AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwde AsmyZÆwd = azmufjyefwJh

trlt&mudk jyKvkyfí rjywwfay/ e ywdw¬D,wd e ywdw¬D,wd e ywdw¬D,wd e ywdw¬D,wd e ywdw¬D,wd = qefYusifbuf

jyKvkyfí r&yfwnfay/

wcsKdUtrsKd;orD;awG[m b,fawmhrS pdwfrqdk;wwfbl;? pdwfxJrSm

b,fawmhrS yifyef;NyD; raewwfbl;? rauseyfcsufawG ykef;atmif;-

xm;vQif yifyef;rI jzpf&w,f? 'gaMumifh rauseyfcsufawGukd olru

b,fawmhrS vufcHrxm;bl;? ukd,fhtay: b,favmufyJ ajymajym


pdwfxJrSm &effNidK;zGJUNyD; rxm;wwfbl;? NiduyfNyD;awmh raewwfbl;/ ]]igYukd

'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;? igYukd 'Dvdk ajym&aumif;vm;}} qdkwJh pdwfxm;awG

r&S dbl;? b,folUrSvnf; trsufrxGufwwfbl;? azmufjyefaewJh udk,f-

trlt&m EIwftrlt&mawGvnf; b,fawmhrS razmfjywwfbl;?

b,fawmhrS twdkuftcHjyKvkyfNyD; raewwfbl;? xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf

b,fawmhrS rvkyfwwfbl;/

aumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍö = trsufukdvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö = a'gow&m;udk

vnf;aumif;/ tyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,ÍötyÜpö,Íö = rauseyfcsufudkvnf;aumif;/ e ygwk-e ygwk-e ygwk-e ygwk-e ygwk-

ua&mwd ua&mwd ua&mwd ua&mwd ua&mwd = xif&Sm;jyKvkyfí rjywwfay/

b,fawmhrS trsufrxGufwwfbl;? b,fawmhrS a'gorBuD;

wwfbl;? rauseyfcsufawGukd b,fawmhrS xif&Sm;rjywwfbl;/ ]]ynm-

&SdwkdY&JUtrsuf tjyifrxGuf&bl;}}qkdwJh 'Dpum;yHkav; &Sdw,f/ tenf;qHk;

tem*grdr*fÓPfzdkvfÓPf &&SdrSom a'goukd y,fvkdY&ygw,f/ tem*grd

r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPf&&SdwJh olawmfaumif;awGonf b,fawmhrS a'go

xGufjcif;ç idka<u;jrnfwrf;jcif;ç 0rf;enf;ylaqG;jcif; rjzpfawmhbl;/

rdrdu tem*grdr*fÓPfzdkvfÓPf r&&Sdao;bl;qdkvQifawmh

'Da'gou ry,f&ao;wJhtwGuf tEko,"mwftaeeJY rdrdoEÅmefrSm

udef;0yfaerSm jzpfw,f/ udef;0yfaeaomfvnf; 'Da'gow&m;ukd

wpfzufom;yk*¾dKvfwdkY odoGm;atmif b,fawmhrS xif&Sm;jyKvkyfNyD; rjy-

wwfbl;? rdrd&JU rauseyfcsufawGukd b,fawmhrS razmfjybl;/

]]ighudk b,fvdkaumifrrsm; atmufarhvdkYvJç igu 'grsKd; iHkYcHr,frsm;

atmufarhovm;ç b,fawmhrS 'grsKd;rsm;awmh atmifhNyD; iHkYcHaerSm

r[kwfbl;}}qdkNyD; udk,fh&JU rauseyfcsufawGukd oGm;NyD; ajymjywJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;

[kwfovm;¿ r[kwfbl;/ tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aewJh b0wpfckudk

vdkcsifw,fqdkvQif tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aewJh pdwfaepdwfxm;uav;-


awGukd &&Sdatmif rdrdwdkYu jyKjyifzefwD;ay;zdkY rvdkbl;vm;¿ vdktyfw,f/

rauseyfcsufukd b,fawmhrS rajymjcif;onf olawmfaumif;wdkY&JU

"r®wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfck ---

tvSL'ge jyKusifhjcif;

om 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬Hom 'gwm a[mwd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H

,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/

omomomomom = xkdtrsKd;orD;onf/ orPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0g = orPtrnf&SdwJh

tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g = jAm[®Ptrnf

&SdwJh tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ tEtEtEtEtEéé éé é HH HH H = xrif;udkaomfvnf;-

aumif;/ ygeH ygeH ygeH ygeH ygeH = tazsmfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ 0w¬H0w¬H0w¬H0w¬H0w¬H = t0wf ouFef;ukd

aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,meH,meH,meH,meH,meH = ,mOfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-

0davyeH 0davyeH 0davyeH 0davyeH 0davyeH = yef;ç eHYomç eHYomaysmif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-

0oxy'Day,sH0oxy'Day,sH0oxy'Day,sH0oxy'Day,sH0oxy'Day,sH = ausmif;ç tdyf&mae&mç qDrD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/

'gwm'gwm'gwm'gwm'gwm = ay;vSLwwfonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfzufuvnf; 'gejyKw,f? 'ge0w¬K (10)yg; &Sdygw,f/ bmawG-

vJ¿ qGrf;&,fç tazsmf&,fç t0wf&,fç a&&,fç yef;&,fç eHYom&,fç

eHYomaysmif;&,fç ausmif;&,fç tdyf&mae&m&,fç qDrD;&,f aygif;vdkuf-

awmh vSLzG,f0w¬K (10)yg; jzpfygw,f/ ypönf;av;yg;vdkYvnf; ac:Ekdifyg

w,f/

tJ'D vSLzG,f0w¬K ypönf;pkawGudk wpfzufuvnf; ay;vSLw,f/

wpfzufuvnf; arwåm"mwfawGu odyftm;aumif;w,f/ rdrd&JU

a'goudk rdrdu xdef;csKyfxm;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm;awG &Sdaew,f/ b,fw&m;

awGeJY xdef;csKyfxm;ovJ¿ oDvusifhpOfç orm"dusifhpOfç ynmusifhpOfvkdY

ac:qdktyfwJh odu©moHk;&yf tusifhjrwfawGudk jznfhusifhNyD;awmh xdef;csKyf

xm;w,f/


oDvusifhpOfac:wJh rdrdwdkY xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&rnfh oDvjzifh

rdrdwkdY&JU pdwfukd xdef;csKyfay;xm;w,f? orm"dusifhpOfac:wJh arwåmpsmef-

wdkYvdkç tmemygepsmefwdkYvdkç uodkPf;psmefwdkYvkd tp&SdwJh psmeformywf

wpfckckudk 0ifpm;NyD;awmhvnf; rdrd&JU pdwfudk xdef;uGyfxm;w,f/

0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGukd pD;jzef;NyD;awmh ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;

awG&JU tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåtjcif;t&mudk vu©Pma&;oHk;wefwifNyD;

wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½INyD;awmhvnf; rdrd&JU pdwfudk xdef;uGyfxm;w,f/

wpfzufu a'go"mwfawG rjzpfvmatmif xdef;uGyfxm;NyD; wpfzufu-

vnf; 'ge wpfckckukd jyKw,f/ 'DavmufwGifvm;qdkawmh ruao;ygbl;/

tckvdk vlUavmuESifh MuHKBudKufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm b,fvkdpdwfoabm-

xm;&SdovJ¿

ukd,fhxufom remvdkwJhpdwfxm; r&Sd jcif;

tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-tedómredum acg ye a[mwd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee-

0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/0EéylZemok e £ówd e Oy'kówd e £óH AE¨wd/

y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok = olwpfyg;wdkY&JU

vmbfvmb&jcif;ç t½dktaocH&jcif;ç tav;pm;cH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;

cH&jcif;ç t&Sdcdk;cH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;wdkYü/ tedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredum = jiLpl

apmif;ajrmif;aom pdwfxm; r&Sdonf/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/

jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wJh pdwfxm; b,fawmhrS r&Sdbl;/ olwpfyg;awG

vmbfvmb&vdkYç vmbfawG&TifaevdkY pdwfxJrSm remvdkwJhoabm rjzpf-

bl;? &ygapqdkwJh pdwfxm;awG &Sdw,f? olwpfyg;awG t½dktaocH&wmudk

MunfhNyD;awmh 0rf;omaew,f? olwpfyg;awG tav;pm;cH&wmudk

MunfhNyD; 0rf;omaew,f? olwpfyg;awG tjrwfEdk;cH&wm tylaZmfcH&-

wmawG MunfhNyD;awmh 0rf;omaew,f/ enf;enf;av; pOf;pm;Munfhprf;µ

tJ'Dvdk olwpfyg;awG vmbfvmb&wmudk MunfhNyD;awmh 0rf;omaewJh


pdwfxm;uav;[m ydkufqHb,fESpfjym; ukefovJ¿ wpfjym;rQ rukef-

ygbl;/ ydkufqHwpfjym;rQ rukefbJeJY rdrdrSm vmbfvmbawG ta>ct&H

y&dowfawG aygrsm;vmapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; 'Dpdwf"mwfrSm r&Sdbl;vm;¿

&Sdaew,f/

'DvdkqdkvQif oHo&mc&D; usifvnfcdkufrSm rdrdrSmvnf; ta>ct&H

y&dowf aygrsm;csifw,fqkdvQif 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awGudk udef;0yfvm-

atmif rdrdwdkYu jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zdkY rvdkbl;vm;¿ vdktyfaew,f/

olwpfyg;wkdY vmbfvmb&aewmudk ukd,fu rauseyfwJh pdwfxm;rsKd;ukd

b,fawmhrS rarG;jrL&bl;? auseyfaewJh pdwfxm;udkom arG;jrL&r,f/

olwpfyg;awG t½dktaocH&wmç tav;pm;cH&wmç tjrwfEdk;cH&-

wmç tylaZmfcH&wmç t&Sdcdk;cH&wmawGudk MunfhNyD; udk,fu tifrwef

auseyf&w,f? 0rf;ajrmuf&w,f/ tJ'Dvkd auseyfvkdYç 0rf;ajrmufvkdY

rdrdrSm ykdufqHb,fESpfjym; ukefovJ¿ wpfjym;rQ rukefygbl;? ukodkvfawG

trsm;BuD; wdk;wufoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dpdwfxm;oHk;ck aygif;pyfNyD; b0

wpfckrSm uHawGukd xlaxmifvkdufw,f? 'DuHawGu tusKd;ay;wJh tcsdef-

tcg b0wpfck&awmh b,fvkdb0rsKd; jzpfay:vm&ovJ¿

om ,w¬ ,w¬ ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,mom ,w¬ ,w¬ ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,mom ,w¬ ,w¬ ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,mom ,w¬ ,w¬ ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,mom ,w¬ ,w¬ ypömZm,wd tbd½lyg p a[mwd 'óeD,m

ygom'dum y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwdygom'dum y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwdygom'dum y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwdygom'dum y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwdygom'dum y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*wm/ t¹m p a[mwd

r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/r['ëm r[mabm*g ra[ou©m p/

om om om om om = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ wawmwawmwawmwawmwawm = xdkvlUb0rS/ pkwm pkwm pkwm pkwm pkwm = pkaw-

cJhonfjzpfí/ £" £" £" £" £" = þvllUjynfvlUavmuodkY/ ap tm*päwdap tm*päwdap tm*päwdap tm*päwdap tm*päwd = tu,fí

a&muf&SdvmcJhonfjzpftHh/ omomomomom = xdktrsKd;orD;onf/ ,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬,w¬ ,w¬ =

tMuiftMuiftrsKd;tEG,fü/ ypömZm,wdypömZm,wdypömZm,wdypömZm,wdypömZm,wd = y#doaE¨tm;jzifh wpfzef

jzpfay:í vm&ay\/ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ ww¬ = xkdxdktrsKd;tEG,fü/ tbd½lyg tbd½lyg tbd½lyg tbd½lyg tbd½lyg ppppp =

tvGef tqif;vSonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ 'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p'óeD,m p = ½Icsif-

pzG,f&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ ygom'dum pygom'dum pygom'dum pygom'dum pygom'dum p = MunfnKdzG,f


*kPfukd aqmifxm;Edkifonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ y&rm,y&rm,y&rm,y&rm,y&rm, 0PÖ-0PÖ-0PÖ-0PÖ-0PÖ-

aygu©&wm,aygu©&wm,aygu©&wm,aygu©&wm,aygu©&wm, = vGefjrwfaomtqif; vHk;&yfoP²mefESifh/ orEém*wmorEém*wmorEém*wmorEém*wmorEém*wm

ppppp = jynfhpHkonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

tJ'Db0uae pkawNyD;awmh 'DvlUjynfvlUavmuukd tu,fí

a&muf&SdvmcJhr,fqkdvQif bmjzpfovJ¿ wpfzufu arwåm"mwfawG

odyftm;BuD;NyD;awmh uHawGudk xlaxmifcJhwJhtwGuf 'DuHu tusKd;ay;wJh

tcsdeftcgrSm tvGef tqifhtwef;jrifhwJh Oy"dorÜwådeJY rjynfhpHk&bl;-

vm;¿ jynfhpHk&w,f/ aemufwpfck ---

t¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m pt¹m p = <u,f0csrf;omonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ r['ëmr['ëmr['ëmr['ëmr['ëm

ppppp = rsm;aom pnf;pdrfOpöm&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwda[mwd = jzpf\/ r[mabm*gr[mabm*gr[mabm*gr[mabm*gr[mabm*g

p p p p p = rsm;jym;aom toHk;taqmif y&dabm*&Sdonfvnf;/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd =

jzpf\/ ra[ou©m p ra[ou©m p ra[ou©m p ra[ou©m p ra[ou©m p = rsm;jym;aom ta>ct&Hy&dowf&Sdonfvnf;/

a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

wpfzufu 'geawG jyKcJhwJhtwGuf pnf;pdrfOpöm <u,f0csrf;omrI

rjzpfbl;&vm;¿ jzpf&w,f/ wpfzufu olwpfyg;awG&JU vmbfvmb&rIç

t½dktaocH&rIç tav;pm;cH&rIç tjrwfEdk;cH&rIç tylaZmfcH&rIç t&Sdcdk;

cH&rIqdkwJh 'Doabmw&m;awGtay:rSm rauseyfcsufawG enf;enf;rQ

r&SdcJhwJhtwGufaMumifh rdrdrSm ta>ct&H rrsm;&bl;vm;¿ rsm;&w,f?

taMumif;oHk;ck pHknDoGm;w,f/ tqifhjrifhwJh b0wpfck &roGm;bl;vm;¿

&oGm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aewJh b0wpfck &&Sdapatmif

b,fw&m;u jyKjyifzefwD;ay;vdkufovJ¿ pdwfxm;awGu jyKjyifzefwD;

ay;vdkufw,f/

'gaMumihf ]]pdawåe eD,aw avmaumpdawåe eD,aw avmaumpdawåe eD,aw avmaumpdawåe eD,aw avmaumpdawåe eD,aw avmaum = pdwfu 'Dowå0gawGudk

a&S;½Io,faqmifaew,f}}qdkwJh bk&m;a[m a'oemawmft& --

ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH (= tbdocFg&0dnmPf)vdkY ac:qkdtyfwJh 'Dpdwf-

awGu owå0gawGukd a&S;½Io,faqmifay;aew,f/ 'DpdwfawGu b0


wpfckukd&atmif wnfaxmifzefqif;ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm; tjynfht0

&Sdaew,f/ 'Dvdk wnfaxmifzefqif;ay;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm; &SdaewJh 'Dpdwfae

pdwfxm;uav;awGudk rdrdwdkYuvnf; oHo&mc&D;u rqHk;ao;awmh

b0wpfckudk vufcH&r,fqkdvQif jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zkdY rvdktyfbl;vm;¿

vkdtyfygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ¿

'Dpdwfaepdwfxm;awGukd tjrpfygrusef t<uif;rJh y,fEkwfEdkifwJh

pGrf;tm;u t&d,r*fw&m;&&SdwJh tcsdeftcgrSm ay:vmrSm jzpfygw,f/

'Dpdwfxm;awG &SdaecJhr,fqkdvQif 'Dt&d,r*fw&m;vnf; ay:EkdifOD;-

rvm;¿ ray:Edkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh oHo&mc&D;qHk;atmif vkyfEkdifrnfh yk*¾dKvf-

awGtwGufuawmh ajymzG,f&m r&Sdygbl;? oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;bl;

qkdvQifvnf; 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awGudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zdkY rvkdtyfbl;-

vm;¿ vkdtyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dar;cGef;av;rsKd;ukd jrwfpGmbk&m;u

tajzay;vkdufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;u jrwfpGmbk&m;udk

bmavQmufxm;ovJ¿

rvd’umrdzk&m;\ jyefvnfavQmufxm;csuf

,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zmwwwwwð aum"em ta[mð aum"em ta[mð aum"em ta[mð aum"em ta[mð aum"em ta[moooooð Oyg,m-ð Oyg,m-ð Oyg,m-ð Oyg,m-ð Oyg,m-

oA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZoA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZoA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZoA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZoA[kvm/ tyÜrÜd 0kwåm ormem tbdoZÆÆ ÆÆ Æ ð ukyð ukyð ukyð ukyð ukyÜÜ ÜÜ Ü ð AsmyZð AsmyZð AsmyZð AsmyZð AsmyZÆÆ ÆÆ Æ ð ywdw¬D,ð ywdw¬D,ð ywdw¬D,ð ywdw¬D,ð ywdw¬D,ðð ðð ð

aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwGmumaumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwGmumaumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwGmumaumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwGmumaumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö ygwGmumoooooð/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d 'kAÁPÖmð/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d 'kAÁPÖmð/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d 'kAÁPÖmð/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d 'kAÁPÖmð/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d 'kAÁPÖm

'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/'k½lyg okygydum 'óem,/

baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ t[H t[H t[H t[H t[H = bk&m;wynfhawmfronf/ tnHtnHtnHtnHtnH

ZmZmZmZmZmwwwwwð ð ð ð ð = wpfjcm;aom b0wpfckwkef;u/ aum"em aum"em aum"em aum"em aum"em = trsufa'goBuD;-

avh&Sdonfh trsKd;orD;onf/ ta[mta[mta[mta[mta[moooooð Ele ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele = jzpfcJhava,mifwum;/

Oyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvmOyg,moA[kvm = pdwfyifyef;rI rsm;jym;onfh trsKd;orD;onf/

ta[mta[mta[mta[mta[moooooð Ele ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele = jzpfcJhava,mifwum;/ tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd tyÜrÜd = tenf;i,fukdaomf-

vnf;yJ/ 0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm = ajymqdktyfonf/ ormemormemormemormemormem = jzpfvwfaomf/ tbdoZtbdoZtbdoZtbdoZtbdoZÆÆ ÆÆ Æ ðð ðð ð


EleEleEleEleEle = NiduyfíaeonfhtrsKd;orD; jzpfcJhava,mifwum;/ ukyukyukyukyukyÜÜ ÜÜ Ü ð Eleð Eleð Eleð Eleð Ele =

trsufxGufwwfcJhava,mifwum;/ AsmyZAsmyZAsmyZAsmyZAsmyZÆÆ ÆÆ Æ ð Eleð Eleð Eleð Eleð Ele = azmufjyefwJh

udk,ftrlt&mç azmufjyefwJh EIwftrlt&m &SdcJhava,mifwum;/

ywdw¬Dywdw¬Dywdw¬Dywdw¬Dywdw¬D,,,,,ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele ð Ele = qefYusifbuf&yfwnfí aecJhava,mifwum;/

jrwfpGmbk&m; ...bk&m;wynfhawmfronf wpfckaom twdwf

b0 vljzpfpOftcsdefu a'go tifrwef BuD;cJhwJhç pdwfyifyef;rI rsm;jym;wJhç

rauseyfrI rsm;jym;wJhç &efNidK;zGJUrIawG rsm;jym;wJh trsKd;orD; jzpfcJhyHk

ay:ygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m;? enf;enf;avmuf ajymvdkufvQif rauseyf-

csufawGu tvGef rsm;jym;NyD;awmh NiduyfaewJh trsKd;orD; jzpfcJhyHk

ay:ygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m;? xdyfwkduf qefYusifbufjyKvkyfum &yfwnfcJh-

olvnf; jzpfcJhyHk ay:ygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m; .../

aumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍöaumyÍö = trsufudkvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍöa'goÍö = a'gow&m;udk-

vnf;aumif;/ typö,Íötypö,Íötypö,Íötypö,Íötypö,Íö = rauseyfcsufudkvnf;aumif;/ ygwGmum ygwGmum ygwGmum ygwGmum ygwGmumooooo ðððð ð

EleEleEleEleEle = txift&Sm; jyKcJhava,mifwum;/

rdrd&JU trsufa'goawG rdrd&JU rauseyfcsufawGudk twdwfb0

wpfckckrSm wynfhawmfr xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jyKvkyfjycJhyHk &ygw,f jrwfpGm-

bk&m; .../ bmaMumifhvJ¿

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ om t[Hom t[Hom t[Hom t[Hom t[H = xdkbk&m;wynfhawmfronf/

{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d = þ,ckypöKyÜefb0ü/ 'kAÁPÖm 'kAÁPÖm 'kAÁPÖm 'kAÁPÖm 'kAÁPÖm = tqif;rvS&onf/ 'k½lyg 'k½lyg 'k½lyg 'k½lyg 'k½lyg =

yHkoP²meftcsdK;tpm; ruseonf/ okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem,okygydum 'óem, = Munfh½IzG,f

raumif;onf/ ta[moðta[moðta[moðta[moðta[moð = jzpfcJh&avNyD/

'Db0rSm rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;[m udk,fh0#feJYukd,f vnfywfvmwm

ukd,fhukd,fudk rodbl;vm;¿ odygw,f/ rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;u olU[mol

rSefeJY MunfhzdkYawmif vdkao;ovm;¿ rvdkawmhbl;? olodaew,f/ olU½kyf

rvSbl;qdkwm rodbl;vm;¿ odaew,f/ ykHoP²meftcsdK;tpm; rusbl;


qdkwmvJ rodbl;vm;¿ odaew,f/ bmaMumifh jzpf&ovJqdkwm ol

oabmaygufaew,f/ aemufwpfck ---

]],m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm]],m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm]],m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm]],m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm]],m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zmwwwwwð 'gwm ta[mð 'gwm ta[mð 'gwm ta[mð 'gwm ta[mð 'gwm ta[moooooð orPó 0gð orPó 0gð orPó 0gð orPó 0gð orPó 0g

jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm-jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm-jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm-jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm-jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm-

0oxy'Day,sH/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d t¹m r[mabm*g/0oxy'Day,sH/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d t¹m r[mabm*g/0oxy'Day,sH/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d t¹m r[mabm*g/0oxy'Day,sH/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d t¹m r[mabm*g/0oxy'Day,sH/ om[H baEÅ {w&[d t¹m r[mabm*g/

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ t[H t[H t[H t[H t[H = bk&m;wynfhawmfronf/ tnHtnHtnHtnHtnH

ZmZmZmZmZmwwwwwð ð ð ð ð = tjcm;wpfckaomb0wkef;u/ orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g orPó 0g = orPtrnf&SdwJh

tvSLcHyk*d¾ Kvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g = jAm[®Ptrnf

&SdwhJ tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;aomfvnf;aumif;/ tEéH tEéH tEéH tEéH tEéH = xrif;udkaomfvnf;-

aumif;/ ygeHygeHygeHygeHygeH = tazsmf,rumukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ 0wH¬ = t0wfudk

aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,meH,meH,meH,meH,meH = ,mOfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-rmvm*E¨-

0davyeH0davyeH0davyeH0davyeH0davyeH = yef;ç eHYomç eHYomaysmif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-ao,sm-

0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH 0oxy'Day,sH = ausmif;ç tdyf&mae&mç qDrD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/

'gwm 'gwm 'gwm 'gwm 'gwm = ay;vSLcJhonf/ ta[moð Ele ta[moð Ele ta[moð Ele ta[moð Ele ta[moð Ele = jzpfcJhava,mifwum;/ baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ

= jrwfpGmbk&m;/ om t[Hom t[Hom t[Hom t[Hom t[H = xdkbk&m;wynfhawmfronf/ {w&[d{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d =

,cktcgü/ t¹mt¹mt¹mt¹mt¹m = <u,f0csrf;omonf/ r['ëmr['ëmr['ëmr['ëmr['ëm = rsm;jym;aom

pnf;pdrfOpöm&Sdonf/ r[mabm*g r[mabm*g r[mabm*g r[mabm*g r[mabm*g = rsm;jym;aom toHk;aqmif y&d-

abm*ypönf; &SdcJhonf/ ta[mta[mta[mta[mta[moooooð ð ð ð ð = jzpfcJh&avNyD/

]]wynfhawmfr wpfcsdefwkef;u b0wpfckrSm orP jAm[®Ptrnf

&SdaewJh tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvf rsm;xdkxdkawGudk vSLzG,f0w¬K ypönf;pk trsKd;rsKd;udk

vSL'gef;cJhyHk ay:ygw,f? 'gaMumifh wynfhawmfronf 'Db0rSm <u,f0

csrf;omwJh trsKd;orD;wpfOD; jzpf&ygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m; ...}} vkdY

avQmufxm;w,f/ rvd ’umrdzk&m;BuD;qdkwm i,f&G,fpOfu omref

aus;vufawmolwpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ aumovrif;BuD;u aqmif,lNyD;-

awmh rdzk&m;tjzpfeJY ajr§mufwifxm;vdkufwJhtwGuf <u,f0csrf;omwJh

b0udk a&muf&SdroGm;bl;vm;¿ a&muf&SdoGm;w,f/


teD;pyfqHk; taMumif;w&m;wpfckuawmh xkdrdzk&m;jzpfrnfhaeYrSm

jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd olu rka,mrkefYuav;oHk;csyf vSLcJhygw,f/ tJ'D

rka,mrkefYoHk;csyf vSLrnfhaeYrSmyJ 'DvSLaewJh ukodkvfapwemawGxJu

aZmckepfwefteufrSm yxraZmapwemu 'Db0rSm tusKd;ay;awmh-

r,fqdkwm jrwfpGmbk&m;onf jrifawmfrlygw,f/

'gaMumifh tJ'D yxraZmapwemuav;u tm;ay;axmufyHh-

vkdufwJhtwGuf 'Dypö KyÜefuH&JU taxmuftyHhaumif;ukd &&SdwJhtcg

twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh 'geuHuvnf; tusKd;ay;vkdufwJhtwGuf

tJ'D rka,mrkefYvSLwJhaeYrSmyJ aumovrif;BuD;u rdzk&m;tjzpfeJY

aumuf,lNyD; ajr§mufpm;xm;ygw,f/ (Zmwu?|?3?384-385/)

ajr§mufpm;xm;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm aumovrif;BuD;u auseyf-

awmfrlwJhtwGufaMumifh bmjzpfovJ¿ wdkif;oljynfom;awGeJY rdrdeJY

,SOfNydKifNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;trSL;&SdwJh oHCmawmfawGukd vSL'gef;wJh

tvSLyJGBuD;rSm rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;bufu tEdkif&oGm;cJhw,f/ to'do-

'gevkdY ac:ygw,f/ wdkif;oljynfom;qdkwJh olwpfyg;awGu ,SOfNydKifvkdY

r&EdkifwJh tvSL'geyJGBuD;vkdY qdkvdkygw,f/

'Davmuf BuD;BuD;us,fus,f tvSL'geBuD;wpfckudk usif;yEdkifonf

txd 'Davmufpnf;pdrfOpöm <u,f0csrf;omwJh trsKd;orD;b0wpfck

&&S doGm;w,f/ 'Dvkd&&Sd jcif;onf bmaMumifhvJ¿ ypöKyÜefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;udk

rka,mrkefYuav;oHk;csyf vSLcJhwJh ukodkvfuHapwemuvnf; taMumif;

wpfck jzpfygw,f/ twdwfb0xdkxdku orP jAm[®Ptrnf&SdwJh

tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvf rsm;xdkxkdudk vSLzG,f0w¬K ypönf;pkawGudk pifpifMu,fMu,feJY

ay;urf;vSL'gef;cJhwJh 'geuHuvnf; taMumif;wpfck jzpfw,f/ 'D

taMumif;ESpf&yf aygif;pyfvdkufwJhtwGufaMumifh <u,f0csrf;omwJh

trsKd;orD;wpfOD; rjzpf&bl;vm;¿ jzpf&w,f/ aemufwpfck ---


,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zm,m Elem[H baEÅ tnH Zmwwwww ð tedómredum ta[mð tedómredum ta[mð tedómredum ta[mð tedómredum ta[mð tedómredum ta[moooooðððð ð

y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok e £y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok e £y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok e £y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok e £y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok e £óóóóóð e Oy'kð e Oy'kð e Oy'kð e Oy'kð e Oy'kóóóóóð eð eð eð eð e

£óH AE£óH AE£óH AE£óH AE£óH AE¨¨ ¨¨ ¨ ð/ð/ð/ð/ð/

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ tnH Zmwð tnH Zmwð tnH Zmwð tnH Zmwð tnH Zmwð = tjcm;wpfckaom b0wkef;-

u/ y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok = olwpfyg;wdkY&JU

vmbf&jcif;ç t½kdtaocH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;ç t&Sdcdk;

cH&jcif;wdkYü/ tedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredum = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;aompdwfxm; r&Sdonf/

ta[mta[mta[mta[mta[moooooð Eleð Eleð Eleð Eleð Ele = jzpfcJhava,mifwum;/ e £óð Elee £óð Elee £óð Elee £óð Elee £óð Ele = rjiLplcJhav-

a,mifwum;/ e Oy'kóð Elee Oy'kóð Elee Oy'kóð Elee Oy'kóð Elee Oy'kóð Ele = rjypfrSm;cJhava,mifwum;/ £ó£ó£ó£ó£óH

= jiLplapmif;ajrmif;rIudk/ e AEe AEe AEe AEe AE¨¨ ¨¨ ¨ ð Eleð Eleð Eleð Eleð Ele = rzGJUcsnfcJhava,mifwum;/

twdwfb0wpfckwkef;u olwpfyg;wkdY vmbfvmb&rIç t½dktao

cH&rIç tav;pm;cH&rIç tjrwfEdk;cH&rIç t&Sdckd;cH&rIç tylaZmfcH&rIqkdwJh

'Doabm&m;awGtay:ü jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wJh pdwfxm;awG wynfh-

awmfrrSm r&S dcJhyHk ay:ygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m; .../ bmaMumifhvJ¿

om[H baEÅ {w&[d ra[ou©m/om[H baEÅ {w&[d ra[ou©m/om[H baEÅ {w&[d ra[ou©m/om[H baEÅ {w&[d ra[ou©m/om[H baEÅ {w&[d ra[ou©m/

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ om t[H om t[H om t[H om t[H om t[H = xdkbk&m;wynfhawmfronf/

{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d{w&[d = ,ckypöKyÜefb0ü/ ra[ou©mra[ou©mra[ou©mra[ou©mra[ou©m = rsm;jym;aom ta>ct&H

y&dowf&Sdonf/ ta[mta[mta[mta[mta[moooooð ð ð ð ð = jzpfcJh&avNyD/

'Db0rSm wynfhawmfrrSm ta>ct&Hy&dowfawG tvGefrsm;jym;

ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh twdwfb0wpfckwkef;u jiLplapmif;ajrmif;jcif;

uif;wJh pdwfxm;&Sdaom olawmfaumif;wpfOD; jzpfcJhyHk ay:ygw,f

jrwfpGmbk&m; .../ 'Dvdk rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;u avQmufxm;vdkufygw,f/

bmjzpfvkdY 'Dvkd avQmufxm;&ovJ¿

oooooEEEEEÅÅ ÅÅ Å d acg ye baEÅ £rod acg ye baEÅ £rod acg ye baEÅ £rod acg ye baEÅ £rod acg ye baEÅ £ro®® ®® ® ð &mZukav cwåd,unmyd jAm[®P-ð &mZukav cwåd,unmyd jAm[®P-ð &mZukav cwåd,unmyd jAm[®P-ð &mZukav cwåd,unmyd jAm[®P-ð &mZukav cwåd,unmyd jAm[®P-

unmyd *[ywdunmyd/ wmom[H £ó&m"dypöH uma&rd/unmyd *[ywdunmyd/ wmom[H £ó&m"dypöH uma&rd/unmyd *[ywdunmyd/ wmom[H £ó&m"dypöH uma&rd/unmyd *[ywdunmyd/ wmom[H £ó&m"dypöH uma&rd/unmyd *[ywdunmyd/ wmom[H £ó&m"dypöH uma&rd/


baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ £ro£ro£ro£ro£ro®® ®® ® ð &mZmukavð &mZmukavð &mZmukavð &mZmukavð &mZmukav = þrif;eef;awmf&JU

twGif;ü/ cwåd,unmyd cwåd,unmyd cwåd,unmyd cwåd,unmyd cwåd,unmyd = cwåd,trsKd;orD;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;/

jAm[®PunmydjAm[®PunmydjAm[®PunmydjAm[®PunmydjAm[®Punmyd = jAm[®PtrsKd;orD;wkdYonfvnf;aumif;/ *[ywd-*[ywd-*[ywd-*[ywd-*[ywd-

unmyd unmyd unmyd unmyd unmyd = *[ywdtrsKd;orD;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;/ oEÅd oEÅd oEÅd oEÅd oEÅd = &Sd Muyg-

ukef\/

rif;eef;awmfxJ Munfhvdkufr,fqdkvQif cwåd,cwåd,cwåd,cwåd,cwåd, (= rif;rsKd;rif;EG,f)rS

jzpfvmwJh trsKd;aumif;orD;awGç jAm[®P jAm[®P jAm[®P jAm[®P jAm[®P (= ykPÖm;)trsKd;tEG,frS

jzpfvmwJh trsKd;aumif;orD;awGç *[ywd*[ywd*[ywd*[ywd*[ywd (= ol<u,f)trsKd;tEG,frS

jzpfay:vmwJh trsKd;aumif;orD;awG eef;awmfwGif;rSm rsm;pGm &Sd Muyg-

w,f jrwfpGmbk&m; .../

t[H t[H t[H t[H t[H = bk&m;wynfhawmfronf/ wmowmowmowmowmoH = xdktrsKd;orD;wdkYudk/

£ó&m"dypöH £ó&m"dypöH £ó&m"dypöH £ó&m"dypöH £ó&m"dypöH = tpdk;&jcif; tBuD;trSL;\tjzpfudk/ uma&rd uma&rd uma&rd uma&rd uma&rd = jyKvkyf-

Edkifyg\ jrwfpGmbk&m;/

'Deef;awmfwGif;rSm&SdwJh tvGef rsm;jym;aewJh 'DtrsKd;orD;awG

tay:rSm wynfhawmfr[m pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfNyD; tBuD;tuJvkyfEkdifwJh

pGrf;tm;awG &Sdygw,f/ tJ'D pGrf;tm;awGu b,fu ay:vmovJ¿

twdwfb0wpfckrSmu uHawGxlaxmifcJhpOf tcsdeftcgu olwpfyg;

tay:rSm jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wJh pdwfxm; r&SdcJhbl;? olwpfyg;awG vmbf&-

wmawG tylaZmfcH&wmç tav;pm;cH&wmç tjrwfEkd;cH&wmç t&Sdcdk;

cH&wmukd jrifawGU&wJh tcsdeftcgrSm MunfEl;0rf;ajrmufcJhwJh pdwfxm;-

awG &SdcJhw,f/

'Dpdwfxm;awGaMumifh rdrdudk ylaZmfrnfholç av;pm;rnfholç jrwfEdk;-

rnfholç &S dcdk;rnfholawG[m 0kdif;0kdif;vnfaew,f/ tJ'Dpdwfxm;u tBuD;-

tuJ jzpfzdkY&eftwGuf taMumif;taxmuftyHhwpfck jzpfvmw,f/

'DvkdqkdvQif 'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG tBuD;tuJjzpfcsif-


Muw,fqkdvQifç ta>ct&H rsm;csifMuw,fqkdvQifç jiLplapmif;ajrmif;

aewJh 'Dpdwfxm;uav;awGukd y,fazsmufay;zdkY rvdkbl;vm;¿ vkdtyf-

w,f/ tJ'DtcsufeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;u aemufqHk;

jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd bmavQmufxm;ovJ¿

rvd’um\ cH0efcsuf (3) ck

trSwf (1) cH0efcsuf

1/1/1/1/1/ om[H baEÅ tZÆwa*¾ tauúm"em b0dómrd tEkyg,mo-om[H baEÅ tZÆwa*¾ tauúm"em b0dómrd tEkyg,mo-om[H baEÅ tZÆwa*¾ tauúm"em b0dómrd tEkyg,mo-om[H baEÅ tZÆwa*¾ tauúm"em b0dómrd tEkyg,mo-om[H baEÅ tZÆwa*¾ tauúm"em b0dómrd tEkyg,mo-

A[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆdómrd e ukyÜdómrd eA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆdómrd e ukyÜdómrd eA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆdómrd e ukyÜdómrd eA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆdómrd e ukyÜdómrd eA[kvm/ A[krÜd 0kwåm ormem embdoZÆdómrd e ukyÜdómrd e

AsmyZÆdómrd e ywdw¬D,dómrd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö eAsmyZÆdómrd e ywdw¬D,dómrd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö eAsmyZÆdómrd e ywdw¬D,dómrd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö eAsmyZÆdómrd e ywdw¬D,dómrd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö eAsmyZÆdómrd e ywdw¬D,dómrd/ aumyÍö a'goÍö tyÜpö,Íö e

ygwku&dómrd/ygwku&dómrd/ygwku&dómrd/ygwku&dómrd/ygwku&dómrd/

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ {om t[H {om t[H {om t[H {om t[H {om t[H = xdkbk&m;wynfhawmfronf/

tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾ = ,aeYukd tpjyKí/ ygPkaywH ygPkaywH ygPkaywH ygPkaywH ygPkaywH = touf&SiforQ umv-

ywfvHk;/ tauúm"em tauúm"em tauúm"em tauúm"em tauúm"em = trsufa'gorBuD;wJhyk*d¾Kvfonf/ b0dómrdb0dómrdb0dómrdb0dómrdb0dómrd

= jzpfygawmhtHh/ tEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvmtEkyg,moA[kvm = pdwfyifyef;rI rrsm;jym;onfh

trsKd;orD;onf/ b0dómrd b0dómrd b0dómrd b0dómrd b0dómrd = jzpfygawmhtHh/

rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;u jrwfpGmbk&m;udk uwdcH0efcsufoHk;ck ay;aom-

tm;jzifh aemufqHk;avQmufxm;w,f/ ]]wynfhawmfrbk&m; ... 'DaeYudk

tpjyKNyD;awmh toufxufqHk; b,fawmhrS a'gorBuD;awmhygbl;?

b,fawmhrS pdwfyifyef;rI rsm;jym;wJh trsKd;orD;vnf; rjzpfap&ygbl;

jrwfpGmbk&m; ...}} qdkNyD; avQmufxm;w,f/

A[krA[krA[krA[krA[krÜÜ ÜÜ Ü dd dd d = rsm;pGmudkaomfvnf;yJ/ 0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm0kwåm = ajymqkdtyfonf/ ormemormemormemormemormem

= jzpfvwfaomf/ embdoZÆdómrdembdoZÆdómrdembdoZÆdómrdembdoZÆdómrdembdoZÆdómrd = NiduyfíraeygawmhtHh/

]]b,favmufyJ wynfhawmfrudk vmNyD; ajymcsifajymygap? wynfh-

awmfr\ pdwfxJrSm b,fawmhrS NiduyfNyD; rxm;awmhygbl;? pdwfxJrSm


b,fawmhrS aw;NyD; rxm;awmhygbl;? igYukd 'Dvkd ajym&aumif;vm;ç

igYukd 'Dvkd ajym&aumif;vm;qdkwJh 'Dvdk NiduyfaewJh pdwfxm;awGvnf;

arG;rxm;awmhygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ...}} qdkNyD; 'Dvkd jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd

avQmufxm;w,f/ aemufxyf qufNyD; avQmufxm;jyefw,f/

e ukyÜdómrde ukyÜdómrde ukyÜdómrde ukyÜdómrde ukyÜdómrd = trsufrxGufayawmhtHh/ e AsmyZÆddómrd e AsmyZÆddómrd e AsmyZÆddómrd e AsmyZÆddómrd e AsmyZÆddómrd =

azmufjyefwJh trlt&mukd rjyawmhtHh/ e ywdw¬D,dómrde ywdw¬D,dómrde ywdw¬D,dómrde ywdw¬D,dómrde ywdw¬D,dómrd = qefYusif-

bufjyKvkyfNyD; r&yfwnfygawmhtHh/

]]wynfhawmfr b,fawmhrSvnf; trsufrxGufawmhygbl;? b,f-

awmhrSvnf; um,uH 0pDuHtaeeJY azmufazmufjyefjyef jyefNyD;awmh

rjyKvkyfawmhygbl;? b,fawmhrS wynfhawmfr twdkuftcH xdyfwkduf

qefYusifbufvkyfNyD; r&yfwnfawmhygbl;}}vkdY avQmufxm;w,f/

b,fhES,fwkH; 'g,umBuD; 'g,dumrBuD;awG 'Dpdwfxm;uav;-

awG[m raumif;bl;vm;¿ aumif;w,f/ 'DaeY w&m;emaewJh y&dowf

awGvnf; w&m;emNyD;vQif tJ'D pdwfxm;uav;awGukd wkdYwpfawG

arG;jrLr,fqkdwJh pdwfxm;rsKd; rxm;Edkifbl;vm;¿ xm;Ekdif&r,f/ rvd’um

rdzk&m;BuD;uawmh ]]'Dvdkpdwfxm;rsKd; xm;ygawmhr,f? aemufxyf 'Dvdk

rjzpfap&ygbl;}}qdkNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd uwday;oGm;w,f/

aumyÍö aumyÍö aumyÍö aumyÍö aumyÍö = trsufudkvnf;aumif;/ a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö a'goÍö = a'gow&m;ukd-

vnf;aumif;/ typö,Íö typö,Íö typö,Íö typö,Íö typö,Íö = rauseyfcsufudkvnf;aumif;/ e ygwku&d-e ygwku&d-e ygwku&d-e ygwku&d-e ygwku&d-

ómrd ómrd ómrd ómrd ómrd = xif&Sm;rjyKvkyfygawmhtHh/

]]wynfhawmfr trsufudkvnf;aumif;ç a'goudkvnf;aumif;ç

rauseyfcsufawGudkvnf;aumif; b,fawmhrS aemufxyf xif&Sm;rjyK-

vkyfawmhygbl;? xif&Sm;rjyawmhygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ..}}vkdY 'Dvdk uwd-

ay;oGm;w,f/


trSwf (2) cH0efcsuf

2/2/2/2/2/ 'ómrd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH'ómrd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH'ómrd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH'ómrd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH'ómrd orPó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g tEéH ygeH 0w¬H ,meH

rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/rmvm*E¨0davyeH ao,sm0oxy'Day,sH/

orPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0gorPó 0g = orPtrnf&SdwJh tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;aomfvnf;-

aumif;/ jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g jAm[®Pó 0g = jAm[®Ptrnf&SdwJh tvSLcHyk*d¾Kvftm;aomf

vnf;aumif;/ tEéHtEéHtEéHtEéHtEéH = qGrf;ç xrif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ ygeHygeHygeHygeHygeH = tazsmf-

,rumudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ 0w¬H 0w¬H 0w¬H 0w¬H 0w¬H = t0wf ouFef;ukdaomfvnf;-

aumif;/ ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH ,meH = ,mOfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rmvm*E0davyeHrmvm*E0davyeHrmvm*E0davyeHrmvm*E0davyeHrmvm*E0davyeH = yef;ç

eYHomç eHYomaysmif;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ ao,s0oxy'Day,sH =ao,s0oxy'Day,sH =ao,s0oxy'Day,sH =ao,s0oxy'Day,sH =ao,s0oxy'Day,sH =

ausmif;ç tdyf&mae&mç qDrD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ 'ómrd'ómrd'ómrd'ómrd'ómrd = ay;vSL-

ygtHh/

eHygwf (1) a'govnf; rBuD;awmhbl;? eHygwf (2) tvSL'gevnf;

wynfhawmfr jyKygawmhr,fvdkY uwday;w,f/ aemufwpfck eHygwf (3)

olu b,fvdkuwd qufay;ovJ¿

trSwf (3) cH0efcsuf

3/3/3/3/3/ tedómredum b0dómrd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Ee-tedómredum b0dómrd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Ee-tedómredum b0dómrd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Ee-tedómredum b0dómrd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Ee-tedómredum b0dómrd y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0Ee-

ylZemok e £ódómrd e Oy'kódómrd e £óH AE¨dómrd/ylZemok e £ódómrd e Oy'kódómrd e £óH AE¨dómrd/ylZemok e £ódómrd e Oy'kódómrd e £óH AE¨dómrd/ylZemok e £ódómrd e Oy'kódómrd e £óH AE¨dómrd/ylZemok e £ódómrd e Oy'kódómrd e £óH AE¨dómrd/

y&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemoky&vmbouúm&*½kum&rmee0EéylZemok = olwpfyg;wkdY&JU

vmbf&jcif;ç t½dktaocH&jcif;ç tav;pm;cH&jcif;ç tjrwfEdk;cH&jcif;ç

t&Sdcdk;cH&jcif;ç tylaZmfcH&jcif;wdkYü/ tedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredumtedómredum = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;-

aom pdwfxm;&Sdonf/ e b0dómrd e b0dómrd e b0dómrd e b0dómrd e b0dómrd = rjzpfygawmhtHh/ e £ódómrde £ódómrde £ódómrde £ódómrde £ódómrd

= jiLplapmif;ajrmif;rIudk rjyKvkyfygawmhtHh/ e Oy'kódómrde Oy'kódómrde Oy'kódómrde Oy'kódómrde Oy'kódómrd = rjypfrSm;

ygawmhtHh/ £óH£óH£óH£óH£óH = jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wJh pdwfxm;ukd/ e AEdómrde AEdómrde AEdómrde AEdómrde AEdómrd =

zGJUcsnfí rxm;ygawmhtHh/


aemufxyf olwpfyg;wkdY\ vmbf&rIç tylaZmfcH&rIç tjrwfEdk;cH&rIç

tav;pm;cH&rIç t&Sdcdk;cH&rIç tylaZmfcH&rIwkdYü jiLplapmif;ajrmif;wJh

pdwfxm;ç jypfrSm;wJh pdwfxm;ç jiLplapmif;ajrmif;rIudk zGJUcsnfíxm;wJh

pdwfxm;awG wynfhawmfrrSm b,fawmhrS rjzpfap&ygbl;qkdNyD;awmh

uwdb,fESpfcsuf ay;oGm;ovJ¿ oHk;csuf ay;oGm;w,f/ uJ b,fvdkvJ

w&m;emaewJh 'g,umBuD;awG 'g,dumrBuD;awG tJ'D uwdcH0efcsuf

oHk;csufu rsm;aeovm;¿ rrsm;ygbl;/ tJ'D uwdcH0efcsuf oHk;csuf-

avmufawmh ray;Edkifbl;vm;¿ 'DuwdcH0efcsuf oHk;csufavmuf ay;Ekdif-

w,fqkdvQifawmh bkef;BuD; w&m;a[m&wm tusKd;&SdoGm;NyD/ uJ ed*Hk;csKyf

taeeJY rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;u bmqufavQmufovJ¿

]]tbduúEÅH baEÅ tbduúEÅH baEÅ ao,sxmyd baEÅ eduúKZÆdwH]]tbduúEÅH baEÅ tbduúEÅH baEÅ ao,sxmyd baEÅ eduúKZÆdwH]]tbduúEÅH baEÅ tbduúEÅH baEÅ ao,sxmyd baEÅ eduúKZÆdwH]]tbduúEÅH baEÅ tbduúEÅH baEÅ ao,sxmyd baEÅ eduúKZÆdwH]]tbduúEÅH baEÅ tbduúEÅH baEÅ ao,sxmyd baEÅ eduúKZÆdwH

0g OuúKaZÆ,s/ y#dpäEéH 0g 0d0a&,s/ rlV§ó 0g r*¾H tmpdau©,s/0g OuúKaZÆ,s/ y#dpäEéH 0g 0d0a&,s/ rlV§ó 0g r*¾H tmpdau©,s/0g OuúKaZÆ,s/ y#dpäEéH 0g 0d0a&,s/ rlV§ó 0g r*¾H tmpdau©,s/0g OuúKaZÆ,s/ y#dpäEéH 0g 0d0a&,s/ rlV§ó 0g r*¾H tmpdau©,s/0g OuúKaZÆ,s/ y#dpäEéH 0g 0d0a&,s/ rlV§ó 0g r*¾H tmpdau©,s/

tEüma& 0g awvyaZÆmwH "ma&,s ]pu©KraEÅm ½lyged 'u©EÅD}wd/tEüma& 0g awvyaZÆmwH "ma&,s ]pu©KraEÅm ½lyged 'u©EÅD}wd/tEüma& 0g awvyaZÆmwH "ma&,s ]pu©KraEÅm ½lyged 'u©EÅD}wd/tEüma& 0g awvyaZÆmwH "ma&,s ]pu©KraEÅm ½lyged 'u©EÅD}wd/tEüma& 0g awvyaZÆmwH "ma&,s ]pu©KraEÅm ½lyged 'u©EÅD}wd/

{0ar0H baEÅ b*0wm taeuy&d,ma,e "ar®m yumodawm{0ar0H baEÅ b*0wm taeuy&d,ma,e "ar®m yumodawm{0ar0H baEÅ b*0wm taeuy&d,ma,e "ar®m yumodawm{0ar0H baEÅ b*0wm taeuy&d,ma,e "ar®m yumodawm{0ar0H baEÅ b*0wm taeuy&d,ma,e "ar®m yumodawm

{om[H baEÅ b*0EÅH o&PH *pämrd "r®Íö bdu©KoHCÍö/ OygoduH rH{om[H baEÅ b*0EÅH o&PH *pämrd "r®Íö bdu©KoHCÍö/ OygoduH rH{om[H baEÅ b*0EÅH o&PH *pämrd "r®Íö bdu©KoHCÍö/ OygoduH rH{om[H baEÅ b*0EÅH o&PH *pämrd "r®Íö bdu©KoHCÍö/ OygoduH rH{om[H baEÅ b*0EÅH o&PH *pämrd "r®Íö bdu©KoHCÍö/ OygoduH rH

baEÅ b*0g "ma&wk tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH o&PH *w}}EÅd/baEÅ b*0g "ma&wk tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH o&PH *w}}EÅd/baEÅ b*0g "ma&wk tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH o&PH *w}}EÅd/baEÅ b*0g "ma&wk tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH o&PH *w}}EÅd/baEÅ b*0g "ma&wk tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH o&PH *w}}EÅd/

baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH = w&m;awmfonf tvGef ESpf-

oufzG,f &SdygaypG/ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH tbduúEÅH = w&m;awmfonf

tvGef ESpfoufzG,f &SdygaypG/ baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ ao,sxmyd ao,sxmyd ao,sxmyd ao,sxmyd ao,sxmyd =

jzpfoifhjzpf&m EIdif;cdkif;zG,f&m avmuOyrmonfum;/ eduúKZÆdwH eduúKZÆdwH eduúKZÆdwH eduúKZÆdwH eduúKZÆdwH =

arSmufíxm;tyfaom t&m0w¬Kudkrlvnf;/ OuúKaZÆ,s ao,sxmydOuúKaZÆ,s ao,sxmydOuúKaZÆ,s ao,sxmydOuúKaZÆ,s ao,sxmydOuúKaZÆ,s ao,sxmyd

= vSefí jyvkdufbdouJhodkYvnf;aumif;/ y#y#y#y#y#dd dd dppppp äEéH äEéH äEéH äEéH äEéH = zHk;tkyfí xm;tyfaom

t&m0w¬Kudkrlvnf;/ 0d0a&,s ao,sxmyd0d0a&,s ao,sxmyd0d0a&,s ao,sxmyd0d0a&,s ao,sxmyd0d0a&,s ao,sxmyd = zGifhvSpfí jyvkdufbd-

ouJhodkYvnf;aumif;/ rlV§órlV§órlV§órlV§órlV§ó = vrf;rSm;í aeaomoltm;/ r*¾Hr*¾Hr*¾Hr*¾Hr*¾H =

vrf;rSefukd/ tmpdau©,s ao,sxmyd tmpdau©,s ao,sxmyd tmpdau©,s ao,sxmyd tmpdau©,s ao,sxmyd tmpdau©,s ao,sxmyd = ajymjyvdkufbdouJhodkYvnf;-

aumif;/ tEüma& tEüma& tEüma& tEüma& tEüma& = trdkufarSmifxJü/ pu©KraEÅm pu©KraEÅm pu©KraEÅm pu©KraEÅm pu©KraEÅm = rsufpdtjrif&SdwJh


yk*d¾KvfwdkYonf/ ½lyged ½lyged ½lyged ½lyged ½lyged = tqif;½lyg½Hk trsKd;rsKd;wkdYudk/ 'u©EÅd 'u©EÅd 'u©EÅd 'u©EÅd 'u©EÅd = awGUjrif-

ayukefvwåHU/ £wd £wd £wd £wd £wd = þodkY ESvHk;ydkufí/ tEuma& tEuma& tEuma& tEuma& tEuma& = trdkufarSmifxJü/

awvyaZÆmwH awvyaZÆmwH awvyaZÆmwH awvyaZÆmwH awvyaZÆmwH = qDrD;wefaqmifudk/ "ma&,s ao,sxmyd"ma&,s ao,sxmyd"ma&,s ao,sxmyd"ma&,s ao,sxmyd"ma&,s ao,sxmyd = xGef;n§d

ukdifaqmifí ajr§mufjyvkdufbdouJhodkYvnf;aumif;/ {0ar0H{0ar0H{0ar0H{0ar0H{0ar0H = þtwl-

omvQif/ baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ b*0wmb*0wmb*0wmb*0wmb*0wm = jrwfpGmbk&m;onf/

taeuy&d,ma,etaeuy&d,ma,etaeuy&d,ma,etaeuy&d,ma,etaeuy&d,ma,e = rsm;pGmaom taMumif;y&d,m,fjzifh/ "ar®m "ar®m "ar®m "ar®m "ar®m =

w&m;awmfjrwfudk/ yumodawm yumodawm yumodawm yumodawm yumodawm = a[mMum;jyo qkdqHk;rawmfrltyf

cJhygNyD/

{om t[H {om t[H {om t[H {om t[H {om t[H = xdkbk&m;wynfhawmfronf/ tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾ = ,aeYukd

tpjyKí/ ygPkaywHygPkaywHygPkaywHygPkaywHygPkaywH = touf&SnforQ umvywfvHk;/ b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH b*0EÅH =

bkef;awmfajcmufyg;ocif bk&m;&Sifukd/ o&PH o&PH o&PH o&PH o&PH = ukd;uG,fvJavsmif;

ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí/ *pämrd *pämrd *pämrd *pämrd *pämrd = ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfyg\/ "r®Íö"r®Íö"r®Íö"r®Íö"r®Íö

= r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefxifay: w&m;awmfjrwfukdvnf;-

yJ/ o&PHo&PHo&PHo&PHo&PH = ukd;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí/ *****pppppämrdämrdämrdämrdämrd = ,HkMunf

odrSwf qnf;uyfyg\/ oHCÍöoHCÍöoHCÍöoHCÍöoHCÍö = &Spfa,mufxifay: t&d,moHCm-

awmfjrwf taygif;udkvnf;yJ/ o&PHo&PHo&PHo&PHo&PH = ukd;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif;

rSDckd&m[lí/ *pämrd*pämrd*pämrd*pämrd*pämrd = ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfyg\/

baEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅbaEÅ = jrwfpGmbk&m;/ b*0g b*0g b*0g b*0g b*0g = bkef;awmfajcmufyg;ocif bk&m;-

&Sifonf/ rH rH rH rH rH = bk&m;wynfhawmfrudk/ tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾tZÆwa*¾ = ,aeYudk tpjyKí/

ygPkaywygPkaywygPkaywygPkaywygPkaywH = touf&SnforQ umvywfvHk;/ OygoduOygoduOygoduOygoduOygoduH = &wemoHk;-

yg;udk ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfwwfaom Oygodumr[lí/ "ma&wk "ma&wk "ma&wk "ma&wk "ma&wk = tod-

trSwf jyKawmfrlyg jrwfpGmbk&m; .../

uJ w&m;odrf;MupkdY ---


[dwGm umar yAÁ[dwGm umar yAÁ[dwGm umar yAÁ[dwGm umar yAÁ[dwGm umar yAÁZZZZZ ðok? oaEÅm *rÇD&pdEÅum/ðok? oaEÅm *rÇD&pdEÅum/ðok? oaEÅm *rÇD&pdEÅum/ðok? oaEÅm *rÇD&pdEÅum/ðok? oaEÅm *rÇD&pdEÅum/

aw wkarSysEkodu©ma0Sg? yAÁZdwm okayovm/aw wkarSysEkodu©ma0Sg? yAÁZdwm okayovm/aw wkarSysEkodu©ma0Sg? yAÁZdwm okayovm/aw wkarSysEkodu©ma0Sg? yAÁZdwm okayovm/aw wkarSysEkodu©ma0Sg? yAÁZdwm okayovm/

oaEÅmoaEÅmoaEÅmoaEÅmoaEÅm ===== bk&m;tvsm yapöumESifh t&d,mEG,favmif; [dk

wdkYa&SUuolawmfaumif;wdkYonf/

*rÇD&pdEÅum*rÇD&pdEÅum*rÇD&pdEÅum*rÇD&pdEÅum*rÇD&pdEÅum ===== eufeJonfh "mwfoabmawGudk eufeJpGm MuHqif tMuH

aumif; 0ifawmfrlMuukefonfjzpfí/

umarumarumarumarumar ===== a&S;ujyKzef ukodkvfuHwdkY pDrHaxmufr vufa&muf

&om; rsm;vSZeD;onf BuD;BuD;i,fESifh ESD;EG,fa&m,l

udk,fawmfwdkY ydkifoonfh umr0w¬KtpkpkwdkYudk/

[dwGm[dwGm[dwGm[dwGm[dwGm ===== igwdkYydkifjim; þumrw&m;wdkYonf trsm;ESifh qufqH

ab;awGu 0ef;&H &efawGu ajrmufjrm; wu,fudk

aMumufvefYzG,fawGygwum;[k aMumuftm;awmf

ÓPf<u,f vGwfvGwfBuD; pGefYy,fawmfrlMuukefonf

jzpfí/

yAÁyAÁyAÁyAÁyAÁZZZZZ ðokðokðokðokðok ===== C&m0go orÜm"[k udpörsm;ajrmif vlwdkYabmif 0#f

aESmifudk vGwfatmifMuHK;vsuf ½kef;uefxGufí ESpf

ouf&Tifvef; &Sif&[ef; jyKí awmxGufawmfrlMu

avukefNyD/

wkarSydwkarSydwkarSydwkarSydwkarSyd ===== jrwfaeu©r® "mwftmo,[k qE´udef;atmif; oif

olawmfaumif;wdkYonfvnf;yJ/

yAÁZdwmyAÁZdwmyAÁZdwmyAÁZdwmyAÁZdwm ===== 0w¬Kumr [lorQrS r&t& MuHK;vsuf ½kef;uef xGuf

Muukefonfjzpfí/

okayovmokayovmokayovmokayovmokayovm ===== pmr&Dom; NrD;zsm;ckHrif ykHtoGifodkY cspfcifav;jrwf

ESpfouftyfaom oDv udk,fpDudk,fi &Sd Muukefonf

jzpfí/


awawawawaw ===== xdkbk&m;tvsm yapöumESifh t&d,mEG,favmif; [dk

wdkYa&SUu olawmfaumif;wdkYudk/

tEkodu©ma0Sg =tEkodu©ma0Sg =tEkodu©ma0Sg =tEkodu©ma0Sg =tEkodu©ma0Sg = twkvdkufum usifhwwf&mudk usifhumraoG ..

tm;xkwfEdkifMuygapukefownf; .../

(om"k om"k om"kygbk&m; ...)

zm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmfzm;atmufawm&q&mawmf

pdwåvawmifausmif;

zm;atmufawm&

armfvNrdKifNrdKUe,f

rGefjynfe,f/

"""

tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)

rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;tu©&mpOftñTef; - rmwdum

««««« t »»»»» 135135135135135««««« tm »»»»» 135135135135135««««« £ »»»»» 136136136136136««««« O »»»»» 136136136136136««««« t-f »»»»» 136136136136136««««« u »»»»» 136136136136136««««« c »»»»» 136136136136136««««« * »»»»» 136136136136136««««« C »»»»» 137137137137137««««« i »»»»» 137137137137137««««« p »»»»» 137137137137137«««««w » 137137137137137««««« x »»»»» 137137137137137««««« ' »»»»» 137137137137137««««« " »»»»» 138138138138138««««« e »»»»» 138138138138138««««« y »»»»» 138138138138138««««« z »»»»» 138138138138138««««« A »»»»» 138138138138138««««« b »»»»» 138138138138138««««« r »»»»» 138138138138138««««« & »»»»» 139139139139139««««« v »»»»» 139139139139139

pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmtu©&mpOftu©&mpOftu©&mpOftu©&mpOftu©&mpOf pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmtu©&mpOftu©&mpOftu©&mpOftu©&mpOftu©&mpOf

««««« o »»»»» 139139139139139««««« [ »»»»» 139139139139139

rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; ] 135


« t »« t »« t »« t »« t »tur®ed,0*f 5tZmwowfrif; 54txGwfxyfxm;aomtdrf 3tEkodu©ma0Sg 133taemr'óDbk&m;&Sif 57tbdodufa&pif 60trwuodzv 44tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf69trSwf (1)uH - *wdorÜwådü

wnfaeol 14trSwf (1)uH - *wdd0dywådü

wnfaeol 25trSwf (1)cH0efcsuf 127trSwf (1)ar;cGef; 72trSwf (1)ar;cGef;\ tajz -

(u) a'goBuD;jcif; 79trSwf (2)uH - Oy"dorÜwådü

wnfaeol 16trSwf (2)cH0efcsuf 129trSwf (2)ar;cGef; 74trSwf (2)ar;cGef; tajz 98trSwf (3)uH -umvorÜwådü

wnfaeol 20trSwf (3)cH0efcsuf 129

trSwf (3)ar;cGef; 76trSwf (3)ar;cGef; tajz 103trSwf (4)uH - ya,m*

orÜwådü wnfaeol 21trSwf (4)ar;cGef; 78trSwf (4)ar;cGef; tajz 115t&d,r*fqkdwJh arG;n§yf 95t&d,mtEG,favmif; 133t&Sift*kFvdrmvrax&fjrwf 38t&SifplVok"r®rax&fjrwfBuD; 65t&SifyapöuAk'¨g 93t&Sifr[marm*¾v’mef

udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; 23t&Sifr[maomPrax&f 62t&Sif0wåAÁuedaj*m"

rax&fjrwfBuD; 62tavmif;awmfcEÅD0g'D

&aohBuD; 23tv,faZm ig;wef 31tvSL'ge jyKusifhjcif; 117

« tm »« tm »« tm »« tm »« tm »tmZD0yg&dok'doDv 28tmVm0ubDvl; 42tmVm0uokwf ygVdawmf 42


136 ] tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)

« £ »« £ »« £ »« £ »« £ »£`E´d,oH0&oDv 28

« O »« O »« O »« O »« O »Owå&m Oygodumr 105Oy"d0dywåd 12ç 87

« t-ff »« t-ff »« t-ff »« t-ff »« t-ff »tdrfa&SUrif; 60

« u »« u »« u »« u »« u »urÇmOD;umv 20uodbm&'GgZokwf ygVdawmf 43umvu&Gm 61umv0dywåd 12ç 86umvorÜwåd 12ç 86udavomrkd;a& 2ukrkj'mMum½dk; 61ul#uPÖrif; 65aumovrif;BuD; 123ukd,fhxufom 118MuHrsKd;aphç oav;rsKd;aph 2MuufwdkufyGJ 87uRefrom; 17

« c »« c »« c »« c »« c »(c) tkyfpk - trSwf

(1-2-3-4) uHrsm; 8(c) tkyfpk trSwf (2)uH -

Oy"d0dywådü wnfaeol 34(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (3)uH -

umv0dywådü wnfaeol 36(c) tkyfpk - trSwf (4)uH -

ya,m*0dywådüwnfaeol 38

(c) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; 25(c) ray;vSLjcif; 82cg;0wfykqkd; 21acwå&yfem;í pOf;pm;Munfhyg 40csifa&G;&Guf 61

« * »« * »« * »« * »« * »(*) tkyfpk - trSwf

(1-2-3-4) uHrsm; 9(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (1)uH -

*wd0dywådü wnfae&ol 47(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (2)uH -

Oy"d0dywådü wnfae&ol 48(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (3)uH -

umv0dywådü wnfae&ol50



(*) tkyfpk - trSwf (4)uH -ya,m*0dywådüwnfaeol52

(*) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; 47(*) £ómxlajymjcif; 83*wd0dywåd 12ç 86*wdorÜwdå 12ç 86*rÇD&pdEÅum 132

« C »« C »« C »« C »« C »(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (1)uH -

*wdorÜwådü wnfae&ol 56(C) tkyfpk - trSwf

(1-2-3-4) uHrsm; 10(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (2)uH -

Oy"dorÜwådü wnfaeol 57(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (3)uH -

umvorÜwådü wnfaeol 60(C) tkyfpk - trSwf (4)uH -

ya,m*orÜwådüwnfaeol 63

(C) tkyfpk - uH (4)rsKd; 56C&m0go orÁm" 132

« i »« i »« i »« i »« i »i&Juav; 26i&JBuD; 26

« p »« p »« p »« p »« p »pwkopöor®m'd|dÓPf 45p&PrsKd;aph 22pavOD;ykn&JU pum;vHk;av; 80pmr&Dom; NrD;zsm;ckHrif 132ppfolBuD;&mxl; 60

« w »« w »« w »« w »« w »wapä 57wrmaphç oyGwfcg;aph 1wdrd*Fvig;BuD; 29wd&pämefbkH 26

« x »« x »« x »« x »« x »xkH;a[mif;wpf&yf 57

« ' »« ' »« ' »« ' »« ' »'ge0w¬K (10)yg; 117'd|"r®a0'eD,uH 40ç 91'Dy&mZm 87'DyuF&mjrwfpGmbk&m; 33'kp½dkuftkd; 52'kwd,AvÓPfawmf 7'keJYa'; 53a'gorBuD;jcif; = arwåm-

"mwftm;aumif;jcif; 115


138 ] tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)tar;av;axG tajzav;&yf (rv’duma'0Dokwåef)

« " »« " »« " »« " »« " »"r®½kpdrax&f 27

« e »« e »« e »« e »« e »ed'geuxm 1ed,wAsm'dwfyef; 27ed,wrdpäm'd|duH 29EGm;om; 18

« y »« y »« y »« y »« y »yÍöygyD 93yÍöoDvorm'ged,rax&f 56yxraZmapwem 31ybm0wDtavmif; 96ya,m*0dywåd 13ya,m*orÜwÅd 13ç 89ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv 28yk&Gufqdwfowå0g 47NydwåmbkH 26

« z »« z »« z »« z »« z »azPyd@Lyrokwåef 31

« A »« A »« A »« A »« A »AdrÁdom&rif;BuD; 53

jAm[®Pwdó olykefab;BuD; 61

« b »« b »« b »« b »« b »b0qdkwm 39b@mpdk;&mxl; 60bmwdurif; 18

« r »« r »« r »« r »« r »rvd’uma'0Dokwåef

w&m;a'oemawmf 69rvd’umrdzk&m; bk&m;&SifxHodkY

csOf;uyfjcif; 70rvd’umrdzk&m;\ jyefvnfavQmufxm;csuf 121rvd’um\ cH0efcsuf (3)ck 127r[mwdóudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;23rka,mrkefYoHk;csyf 124arCvkvif 30arwåmpsmefur®|mef; 107arwåmpsmefwdkY&JU pGrf;tm; 106rif;ukotavmif; 96ajrbkwfbDvl; 57rSwfom;zG,f&m

tu©&mpOftñTef; 134rSefeJYMunfhzdkY 122



rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; NyD;\/rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; NyD;\/rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; NyD;\/rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; NyD;\/rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; NyD;\/

²²²

« & »« & »« & »« & »« & »&wemaps;awmfBuD; 42&wemawmifBuD; 43&m0iftkd;BuD; 53½kyftqif;rvSjcif;ç qif;&Jjcif;ç

ta>ct&Henf;yg;jcif; 84

« v »« v »« v »« v »« v »av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; 34avm[ukrÇDi&J 54avm[dwkyÜg'uuH 15

« o »« o »« o »« o »« o »owåraZm 32o'¨grsKd;aph 44oEéd|meapwem 91

oEéd|myuapwem 26orÜwådESifh 0dywåd 11orÜwdåav;yg;

0dywdåav;yg; 86or®mya,m* 45omrnzvokwåef 54omra'0D 18oD&drm jynfhwefqmr 105okayovm 132okar"m&Sif&aoh 29

« [ »« [ »« [ »« [ »« [ »[if;&Gufqkyf 61

« ocsFm »« ocsFm »« ocsFm »« ocsFm »« ocsFm »(10)ESpfwrf;umv 39

mallikadevisutta nidanakatha (8.12.05)dhammadownload.com/file-library/paauk/paauksayadawgyi... ·...

Documents