maize production through contract growing system

8/13/2019 Maize Production Through Contract Growing System

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Maize Production through Contract Growing System

Tanvir M. B. Hossain 1, M. I. Hossain 2, M.R. Karim 3, AKM. H. Haque 4

Abstract

This present study as underta!en in "ina#pur and $a%monirhat durin& 2''4(') to measurethe pro*ita+i%ity o* mai e produ-tion under -ontra-t &ro in& system. The samp%ed &ro ers

ere the -ontra-t &ro ers o* t o or&ani ations name%y, "ipshi!ha and "oe% A&ro Industryunder the t o distri-ts respe-tive%y. The non(-ontra-t &ro ers ere a%so se%e-ted *rom therespe-tive areas. The study revea%ed that -ontra-t &ro ers spent T! 4.34 to produ-e per !&mai e on *u%% -ost +asis and T! 3.' on -ash -ost +asis. They earned &ross return o* T!/.0 !& hi-h %eaded to &ross mar&in o* T! 2./3 on *u%% -ost +asis and T! 3.0' on -ash -ost

+asis. The -ost o* produ-tion o* -ontra-t &ro ers as 1' hi&her on *u%% -ost and 1/hi&her on -ash -ost +asis than that o* non(-ontra-t &ro ers. The &ross returns and &rossmar&ins o* -ontra-t &ro ers ere a%so hi&her than non( -ontra-t &ro ers +y 23 and )) on*u%% -ost and 20 on -ash -ost +asis respe-tive%y. armers share under -ontra-t &ro in&system shou%d +e hi&her and this shou%d +e en-oura&in& to the *armers. or the matter, moreresear-h is needed *or the improvement o* the -ontra-t &ro in& system in the areas.

Introduction

Mai e is the third -erea% -rop a*ter ri-e and heat and it is &ro n a%% over Ban&%adesh. In theyear 2''1('2 the produ-tion o* mai e as 1, 2,4'' mt 5HA6, 2''37. 8ro th rate o* area,

produ-tion and yie%d o* mai e ere 1 .9/, 3).39 and 1 .)3 per -ent respe-tive%y. At present, per year requirement o* mai e is )''(/'' ton. Mai e requirement o* the -ountry is *u%% *i%%ed +y /' import and 4' %o-a% produ-tion. Thou&h produ-tion o* mai e is in-reasin& +ut

demand o* mai e is a%so in-reasin&. 6o, mai e produ-tion shou%d a% ays have to !eep inin-reasin& trend. armin& throu&h -ontra-t &ro in& system is one o* the important ays toin-rease mai e produ-tion. This system not on%y in-reases the produ-tion +ut a%so redu-es thenum+er o* intermediaries o* the mar!etin& -hanne%. In our -ountry, there are manyor&ani ations ho are or!in& *or in-reasin& mai e produ-tion. 6ome o* the or&ani ationsare produ-in& mai e throu&h -ontra-t &ro in& system. It is, there*ore, ne-essary to eva%uatethe -ontra-t &ro in& system that prevai%s in those or&ani ations. :ith this vie in mind, the

present study has +een underta!en.

Objectives of the Study

i. To identi*y the avai%a+%e -ontra-t &ro in& systems and their or!in& patterns,ii. To measure the e-onomi- per*orman-e o* mai e produ-tion throu&h -ontra-t

system,iii. To -ompare the pro*ita+i%ity +et een the produ-tion o* -ontra-t &ro ers and non(

-ontra-t &ro ers andiv. To *ind out the pro+%ems and prospe-ts o* this system.

----------------------------------16-ienti*i- ;**i-er, 2-on. "ivision, BARI, ?oyde+pur, 8a ipur.


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Materia s and Methods

The study as -ondu-ted in 8hora&hat thana o* "ina#pur and =at&ram thana o* $a%monirhatdistri-ts here *armers ere e@tensive%y -u%tivatin& mai e. To *u%% *i%% the o+#e-tive, t omai e -ontra-t &ro in& or&ani ations ere se%e-ted *or the study. To -ompare the e-onomi-s

o* mai e produ-tion +et een -ontra-t and non(-ontra-t *armers, ne-essary in*ormation ere-o%%e-ted *rom the se%e-ted samp%es. A tota% o* 9' samp%es ta!in& 4' *rom ea-h distri-t erese%e-ted purposive%y *or the study. The data ere -o%%e-ted +y survey method ith the he%p o*

pre(desi&ned and pre(tested intervie s-hedu%es +y *ie%d investi&ators in -o%%a+oration ith%o-a% *ie%d sta** under dire-t supervision o* the resear-hers durin& 2''4('). The -o%%e-ted data

ere +e ana%y ed +y ta+u%ar and statisti-a% methods to a-hieve the o+#e-tives set *or the study.

!esu ts and "iscussionContract Growing SystemContract Growing#

"ipshi!ha is an 8; ho is or!in& *or the mai e produ-tion and e@tension in the8hora&hat thana o* "ina#pur distri-t. They are -ontinuin& mai e produ-tion under -ontra-t&ro in& system sin-e %ast *ive years. This year they have -ontra-ted 9 *armers *or mai e

produ-tion. They norma%%y &ive inputs *or mai e produ-tion to the *armers and a*terharvestin& mai e they ta!e the va%ue o* the &iven inputs ith servi-e -har&e 51' 7 *or thedistri+ution -ost o* those inputs. They &ive the *armers mai e seeds 510 !& ha7, urea 5)24!& ha7, T6= 52/2 !& ha7, M= 522) !& ha7, 8ypsum 51/ !& ha7, Bora@ 51) !& ha7, Cin- 51)!& ha7 a tota% amount as T! 1), '/ ha. A*ter &ivin& those inputs, they !eep monitorin& o*mai e -u%tivation time to time and a%so &ive advi-e re%ated to mai e -u%tivation te-hnique tothe *armers. A*ter harvestin& and se%%in& their produ-ts, the *armers repay T! 1 ,2 ha *orinput -ost ith the servi-e -har&e. "ipshi!ha -ontri+uted 4) o* the &ross -ost on *u%% -ost

+asis and // on -ash -ost +asis. It is interestin& to note that the *armers repay 32 o* their&ross return to the respe-tive 8; *or the inputs supp%ied to them.

Contract $uying#

In $a%monirhat, there is an industry named "oe% A&ro Industry ho pur-hases mai e *romthe *armers +y -ontra-t &ro in& system. They &ive money at the rate o* T! 24 '' ha to the*armers *or the -ost o* produ-tion. They &ive this money at the +e&innin& o* the -rop season.

ramers -o%%e-t this money *rom the %o-a% +ran-h o*


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Socio-%conomic Profi e of Sam& ed 'armers

In this study, *armer s a&e, edu-ation and %and o nership status ere -onsidered to eva%uatetheir so-io(e-onomi- -onditions. In "ina#pur, the avera&e a&e o* the -ontra-t &ro ers as 4'years and 4' o* the *armers had primary and se-ondary edu-ation and their *arm si e as'.94 ha *arm. The -ontra-t *armers had '. 3 he-tares o* tota% -u%tivated %and per *arm andthey produ-ed mai e under '.3 he-tares o* %and, hi-h as )3 o* the tota% -u%tivated %and.The avera&e mai e -ontra-t &ro in& %and as '.20 he-tares per *arm, hi-h as 99 o* themai e -u%tivated %and. The non(-ontra-t &ro ers o* "ina#pur distri-t as on avera&e 42 yearso%d and 3' o* the samp%ed *armers had primary edu-ation and their *irm si e as 1.9/ha *arm. Their tota% -u%tivated %and as 1. 1 he-tares and mai e produ-tion %and as under'.0 he-tares, hi-h as /' o* the tota% -u%tivated %and 5Ta+%e 17.

In the study area o* $a%monirhat, the avera&e a&e o* the -ontra-t &ro ers as 39 years and)/ o* the *armers had se-ondary edu-ation and their *arm si e as 2.'1 ha *arm. The-ontra-t &ro ers had 1. he-tares o* tota% -u%tivated %and and they produ-e mai e in '.0)

he-tares o* %and, hi-h as o* the tota% -u%tivated %and. The avera&e mai e -ontra-t&ro in& %and as '. ' he-tares, hi-h as 93 o* the mai e -u%tivated %and. The non(-ontra-t &ro ers o* $a%monirhat ere on avera&e 33 years o%d and 44 o* the *armers hadse-ondary edu-ation and the *arm si e as 1.)3 he-tares. Their tota% -u%tivated %and as 1.3ha *arm and mai e produ-tion %and as in '.3/ ha *arm, hi-h as 49 o* the tota%-u%tivated %and 5Ta+%e 17.


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It as revea%ed that every -ontra-t &ro ers in the study area &ot the same amount o* input%i!e seed, Erea, T6=, M=, 8ypsum, Bora@ and Cin- on the +asis o* their %and si e. >@-eptthose inputs they app%ied ''0 !& ha -o dun& on an avera&e on mai e %and. on(-ontra-t&ro ers used seed 19./1 !& ha, -o dun& 1'19/ !& ha, Erea 3/) !& ha, T6= 10' !& ha, M=1) !& ha, 8ypsum 0' !& ha, Bora@ 2 !& ha and Cin- 3 !& ha.


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de-ision. *armers ere de-ided to invo%ve +y the motivation o* "oe% A&ro Industry.


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e-onomi-s indi-ated that to produ-e per !& mai e -ontra-t &ro ers had to spend T! 4./' on*u%% -ost and T! 3.3) on -ash -ost +asis and &ot T! ./0 as &ross return, hi-h %eaded to &rossmar&in o* T! 3.'0 on *u%% -ost +asis and T! 4.34 on -ash -ost +asis 5Ta+%e 7.

The -ost o* mai e produ-tion o* non(-ontra-t &ro ers ere T! 3'340 ha on *u%% -ost +asis

and T! 104'9 ha o* -ash -ost +asis. Their mai e produ-tion yie%d as /'4/ !& ha. They &ot8ross return va%ued T! 44243 ha and &ross mar&in as T! 13904 ha o* *u%% -ost +asis and T!2493) ha on -ash -ost +asis. The B


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The -ost o* mai e produ-tion o* non(-ontra-t &ro ers as T! 31 /) ha on *u%% -ost +asis andT! 211)1 ha o* -ash -ost +asis. Their mai e produ-tion yie%d as '43 !& ha. The 8rossreturn as T! 4))31 ha and &ross mar&in as T! 13 // ha o* *u%% -ost +asis and T!243 0 ha on -ash -ost +asis. The B


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-ontra-t &ro in& system &ives hi&her pro*ita+i%ity -ompare to non(-ontra-t &ro in&. $atesupp%y o* input, unsatis*a-tory pri-e, %a-! o* -ash money, adu%teration o* seed and *erti%i er,%a-! o* dryin& *a-i%ity ere the main pro+%ems that the -ontra-t and non(-ontra-t *armers*a-ed. More resear-h as needed to *ormu%ate an e**e-tive and e**i-ient -ontra-t &ro in&system *or the produ-tion o* mai e and other -rops. 8overnment shou%d ta!e ne-essary a-tion

to monitor the terms and a-tivities o* -ontra-t or&ani ation and -ontra-t &ro ers so that&ro ers -an &et the satis*a-tory share and not e@p%oit +y the or&ani ation. Mai e produ-tionshou%d +e in-rease +y e@pandin& -onta-t &ro in& system throu&h out -ountry.

Po icy Guide ine

G o po%i-y ma!ers are -on-ernin& a+out to ensure the satis*a-tory pri-e o* the -rop to the*armers. $on& mar!etin& -hanne% redu-es the produ-er share. To in-rease the produ-er shareo* mar!etin& -hanne% needs to +e short.


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Ta+%e 1 6o-io(e-onomi- status o* samp%e *armers o* the study areas


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Ta+%e 3.


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Inputs


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Ta+%e . =ro*ita+i%ity o* mai e produ-tion o* $a%monirhat *armers

Items


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Ta+%e 0.


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maize production through contract growing system

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