luther’s revolt. q3m&edufilter=sco_mq_ipesu9rbqr5cttq&s afe=active ...
TRANSCRIPT
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j89_BAh2Q3M&edufilter=scO_Mq_iPeSU9rbqR5CtTQ&safe=active
Luther’s Revolt
• Circulation of a German translation of the 95 Thesis began to spread across Europe
• Pope Leo X ordered Luther to stop protest, but Luther was protected by a German prince, Frederick of Saxony
Luther’s Excommunication and the Diet of Worms
• 1520—Luther burned the Pope Leo X’s papal bull demanding recantation and was excommunicated on June 15, 1520
• 1521—Luther called to the Diet of Worms in Germany– Presided over by HRE Charles V of Spain with the
power to condemndeath– Charles V asked, “Do you or do you not repudiate your books
and errors they contain?”– Luther said “I neither can nor will I recant anything, since it is
neither right nor safe to act against conscience.”• Luther was banned and forced into hiding, protected
by the Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony
Luther’s Response
• Translated the Bible into German• With his followers established a new church
based on Luther’s ideas and free of the pope• Guidelines of Luther’s new church– Two sacraments (baptism and communion)– No more monasticism (religiously devoted life)– No clergy celibacy
1515: Selling of indulgences
• Johann Tetzel sold indulgences to repay debt borrowed for St. Peter’s Basilica
1518: Luther’s ideas discussed
• Luther raised questions on the authority of the Church; discussed among theologians
1518: The Elector of Saxony protected Luther
• To show Charles V his independence and rights, Elector protected Luther as one of his subjects
1519: Luther debated Johann Eck
• Eck, leading theologian, was challenged by Luther to debate his position
Luther rallied public opinion
• Eck accused Luther of heresy; Luther began to spread his word and vision of the Church in German
1520: Pope excommunicated Luther
• Luther’s ideas were considered dangerous to the unity of the Church
1520-21: Luther became a civil outlaw
• The HRE and the Catholic Church were closely united. Luther was a heretic and civil criminal