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Antenna filter extension unit AFE

2 (32) © Nokia Corporation DN99595465

Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 8en

The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes onlythe product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intendedfor the use of Nokia's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which thedocumentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form ormeans without the prior written permission of Nokia. The documentation has been prepared tobe used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes fullresponsibility when using it. Nokia welcomes customer comments as part of the process ofcontinuous development and improvement of the documentation.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity,or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered bindingbut shall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia and the customer. However, Nokiahas made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the documentationare adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia will, if necessary, explain issueswhich may not be covered by the documentation.

Nokia's liability for any errors in the documentation is limited to the documentary correction oferrors. NOKIA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THISDOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL(INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this documentation orthe information in it.

This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrightaccording to the applicable laws.

NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.

Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2002. All rights reserved.



DN99595465 © Nokia Corporation 3 (32)

Issue 8 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential

Hereby, Nokia Corporation, declares that this product is in compliance with theessential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive: 1999/5/EC.

The product is marked with the CE marking and Notified Body number according to the

Directive 1999/5/EC

FCC FCC §15.21 - Information to user - This product is used as an intentional radiated

equipment and any changes or modifications on the equipment without any approval

by Nokia could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

FCC §15.105 - Information to user - This equipment has been tested and found to

comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC

Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can

radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with theinstructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there

is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this

equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can

be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to

correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the

receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

0523





Contents

Contents 5

List of tables 6

List of figures 7

1 Introduction 9

2 General description 132.1 Features 132.2 Operation 142.3 Main blocks 14

3 Technical description 173.1 TX branch 173.1.1 Main and Diversity RX Branches 18

4 Interface description 214.1 Front panel LEDs 234.2 Connector X1 (GSM 900: AFEA/D/H/J/M/N) 234.3 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1800: AFEB) 264.4 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1900: AFEL) 27

5 Technical data 295.1 Electrical data 295.2 Dimensions and weight 30

5.3 RF performance values 305.4 Overvoltage protection 315.5 Handling and storage requirements 31






List of tables

Table 1. AFE versions 9

Table 2. AFE interface connectors 22

Table 3. AFE front panel LEDs 23

Table 4. Connector X1 pin configuration (AFEA/D/H/JM/N) 24

Table 5. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEB) 26

Table 6. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEL) 27

Table 7. Supply voltages and current consumption 29

Table 8. Nominal power consumption 29

Table 9. Dimensions and weight 30

Table 10. RF performance values 30

Table 11. RX frequency ranges 30





List of figures

Figure 1. AFEx for GSM 900 mechanical outline 10

Figure 2. AFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL GSM 1900 mechanical outline 11

Figure 3. AFE front panel layouts 12

Figure 4. Main functional blocks of the AFE 15

Figure 5. Functional blocks of the TX branch 17

Figure 6. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEx units GSM 900 18

Figure 7. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEB/AFEL GSM 1800/1900 19

Figure 8. Connector X1 (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N) 24



Introduction



1 Introduction

The GSM Antenna Filter Extension Unit (AFE) is used in high trafficenvironments where handling high capacity is critical. The AFE allows twotransmitters to attach to a single antenna, thereby doubling capacity. The AFEconfiguration can be used with existing Nokia Talk-family BTS networks toobtain additional transmit channels without adding more antennas.

This document describes the main functions, functional blocks, and externalinterfaces of the AFE. Table 1 versions described in this document are:

The AFE allows either one or two transmitters (TX) to connect to one commonTRX antenna. It comprises two main sections: the RX branch and the TX branch.A diversity RX branch is also included.

Figure 1shows the mechanical outline of the AFEA/D/H/J/M/N (GSM 900).Figure 2shows the mechanical oultine of the AFEB for GSM 1800 and AFEL forGSM 1900.

Table 1. AFE versions

GSM Bands Versions

GSM 900 AFEA/D/H/J/M/N

GSM 1800 AFEB

GSM 1900 AFEL






Figure 1. AFEx for GSM 900 mechanical outline

DIV RX ANTDIV

TESTDIV RX 1

DIV RX 2

RX 1

TEST

RX ANT

FLT

ALM

OPRTX COMB

TX1

TX2

TEST OUT

RX DUP OUT

ANTENNAWarning !The weight of this unit is 10 kg.

NOK IA 123456789012

X1

RX 2

RX 3

RX 4

DN99595477



Introduction



Figure 2. AFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL GSM 1900 mechanical outline

Figure 3shows the front panels of AFEA/D/H/J/M/N unit for GSM 900 and theAFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL unit for GSM 1900.

SKT 1FLT

ALM

OPR

DIV RX ANT

DIVRX 1

DIVRX 2

MAINRX 1

MAINRX 2

MAINRX 3

MAINRX 4MAIN RX ANT

RX DUP OUT

ANTENNA

TX COMB TX

TX 1 TX 2

TEST OUTPUT

DN99595489






Figure 3. AFE front panel layouts

SKT 1FLT

ALM

OPR

DIV RX ANT

DIVRX 1

DIVRX 2

MAINRX 1

MAINRX 2

MAINRX 3

MAINRX 4MAIN RX ANT

RX DUP OUT

ANTENNA

TX COMB TX

TX 1 TX 2

TEST OUTPUT

AFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL for GSM 1900

DN99595492

DIV RX ANT

RX ANT

DIVTEST

TEST

FLT

OPR

ALM

DIV RX 2

RX 1

X1

TX

TX COMB

TX1

TX2

TEST OUT

ANTENNA

RX DUP OUT

WARNING!The weight of this unit is 10 kg.

AFEA/D/H/J/M/N for GSM 900

DIV RX 1

RX 2

RX 3

RX 4

NOKIA 123456789012



General description



2 General description

2.1 Features

Following are the main features of the AFE:

• Wideband TX combiner accommodates a maximum of two TX inputs witha removable external link for operation with a single TX.

• The addition of an external link allows for duplex operation of the RX(receive) and TX (transmit) into a common antenna cable.

• Bandpass filtering for RX paths minimizes out-of-band interference in theRX channels.

• Two balancedLow Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) in the main and diversity RXpaths amplify and divide the signals to different receivers.

• LNAs generate alarms to indicate a fault in main and diversity amplifiers.

• Four main RX outputs and two diversity RX outputs support high-capacityconfigurations.

• The bi-directional coupler provides a TX test signal output for thetest/monitor unit.

• TX antenna VSWR monitoring allows for detection of the antennas andcabling.

• In the AFxx units, DC power for the Masthead Amplifier (MHA) issupplied via the Afxx 37-pin D connector. DC power is routed from the

AFxx to the LNA plate, then to the Bias Tee and further to the MHA.

• Test directional couplers for both main and diversity RX paths provide aloop-back facility for testing. A switch directs the loop-back signal eitherto the receiver or to the RX antenna. This allows for estimation of theVoltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) for the RX antenna. (AFEL doesnot have this function).

• Overtemperature alarm indication. (not fitted to AFEB15 from version465387A.510 onwards)






2.2 Operation

The AFE amplifies the received RX and diversity RX signals, it then splits these

signals to output them to the receivers of the transceiver units (TRXs).

The AFE provides both VSWR and power monitoring for the transmitted signaland provides test signal output for the Site Test Monitor (if available). RXantenna monitoring can be implemented on both main and diversity branches if the branches have separate RX antennas (Exception: AFEL). If a common TRXantenna is used, the RX antenna monitoring is carried out by the TX antenna.

Two AFE units can be connected to four TRXs in dual duplex operation, in whichcase the diversity branches of the AFE units remain unconnected. One AFE unitfeeds the main branches of the TRXs, while the other AFE unit feeds the diversitybranches of the TRXs.

2.3 Main blocks

The AFE consists of two main functional blocks: the TX branch and the RXbranch. See Figure 4.



General description



Figure 4. Main functional blocks of the AFE

DIV RX 1

DIV RX 2

ANTENNA

TEST OUT (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)TEST OUPUT(AFEB/L)

RX DUP OUT

TX 1

TX 2

TX COMB

DIV TEST (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)

(MAIN) RX1

(MAIN) RX2

(MAIN) RX3

(MAIN) RX4

TEST (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)

RX ANT (AFE A/D/H/J/M/N)MAIN RX ANT (AFEB/L)

DIV RX ANT

TX

TX BRANCH

RX BRANCHMain & Diversity

(Not on AFEB/AFEL)

(Not on AFEB/AFEL)

DN99595508



Technical description



3 Technical description

3.1 TX branch

The AFE TX branch contains two functional blocks, an integrated duplexer and

a wideband combiner (3 dB hybrid), to double the transmit capacity. See Figure 5.

Figure 5. Functional blocks of the TX branch

Each TX input contains an isolator which blocks interference from the antenna tothe transmitters (TXs) and between two TXs.

The 3 dB hybrid can be used to combine two TXs. When only one TX is used, the3 dB hybrid can be bypassed, which increases the maximum output power by 3dB.

3

d B H

y b r i

d

TX1

TX2

TX COMB

TX

Power/VSWR

ANTENNA

TEST OUTTEST OUTPUT

RF DUP OUTTO RX BRANCH

X1/SKT1

BI-DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

DUPLEX FILTER

DN99595511






The duplex filter connects the TX and RX branches to the common antenna,provides 30 dB (minimum) isolation between the RX and TX branches, andrejects TX noise outside the TX band.

The bi-directional coupler provides the test signal output for the test/monitor unitand the monitoring function for the common antenna. Antenna Voltage StandingWave Ratio (VSWR) monitoring is based on a forward and reflected powermeasurement.

3.1.1 Main and Diversity RX Branches

For both the main and diversity RX branches:

• The AFE units for GSM 900 and GSM 1800 applications include a testmodule (RF-switched bi-directional coupler).

• All AFE units include an RX filter and a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)module.

Figure 6. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEx units GSM 900

DN99595523

RX ANTMAIN RX ANT

TESTTEST MAIN

DIV RX ANT

DIV TESTTEST DIV

(MAIN) RX1(MAIN) RX2(MAIN) RX3(MAIN) RX4

RX DUP OUTTestModule

RXFilter

Interface Board

Interface Board

TestModule

RXFilter

Power/Alarms

Power/Alarms

LNA Module

LNA Module

DIV RX1

DIV RX2

X1/SKT1

X1/SKT1



Technical description



Figure 7. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEB/AFEL GSM 1800/1900

Each of the main and diversity RX antenna inputs in GSM 900 and GSM 1800systems has a test directional coupler. A switch is provided in the test module to

connect the loopback signal either directly to the receiver or to the RX antenna.

The RX antenna VSWR can be estimated when using the RX path loopback function by comparing the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) level to thelevel obtained when the signal is coupled to the antenna and subsequentlyreflected back to the receiver. This switching is controlled by a DC voltageapplied to the center pin of the TEST connector. If a common antenna is beingused for RX and TX (i.e., if the duplexer is in use), the TX antenna supervisingfunction is used to determine VSWR.

The MHA receives a DC bias voltage from the center conductor of the RX mainor diversity antenna feeder cable. This bias is provided via the 37-pin D connectorand a Bias Tee in the AFxx units.

The RX filter is a passive filter mounted into a metal cast.

The LNA is a low noise balanced amplifier which forms the front end of thereceiver chain in both the normal and diversity branches. The LNA takes thesignal from the band-pass filter and provides low noise amplification to four RXoutputs in the main branch and two RX outputs in the diversity branch. Fromthese outputs, the signals are connected to the RX module inputs in the TRX unit.Bias voltages in each stage of the amplifier are monitored to provide an alarmsignal in the event of a failure.

MAIN RX ANT

DIV RX ANT

MAIN RX1MAIN RX2

MAIN RX3MAIN RX4

RX DUP OUT

RXFilter

Interface Board

Interface Board

RXFilter

Power/Alarms

Power/Alarms

LNA Module

LNA Module

DIV RX1

DIV RX2

SKT1

SKT1 DN99595535



Interface description



4 Interface description

All models of the AFE have LEDs and interface connectors:

• The AFEL (GSM 1900) has 16 interface connectors (15 RF plus 1 powerand control)

• The AFEB 14 has 18 interface connectors (17 RF plus 1 power and

control).

• The AFEB 15 has 16 interface connectors (15 RF plus 1 power andcontrol).

All external interfaces are located on the front panel of the unit.






Note

* The connectors TEST / TEST MAIN and DIV TEST / TEST DIV are notavailable on the AFEB units.

Table 2. AFE interface connectors

Connector Name Type PurposeANTENNA 7/16 TX/RX antenna connector

TX N Transmitter input in case of one TRX

TX COMB N Combination of two TXs in case of two

TRXs

TX1 N Transmitter 1 in case of two TRXs

TX2 N Transmitter 2 in case of two TRXs

RX DUP OUT N Duplexer RX output

RX ANT / MAIN RX ANT NSMA Main RX path antenna connector (from

duplexer)

DIV RX ANT N Diversity RX path antenna connector

* TEST / TEST MAIN

[Note: For GSM 900/1800

systems only.]

SMA Main RX path test input (from Site Test

Monitor)

* DIV TEST / TEST DIV

[Note: For GSM 900/1800

systems only.]

SMA Diversity RX path test input (from Site

Test Monitor)

MAIN RX 1 SMA RX 1 output




DIV RX 1 SMA Diversity RX 1 output

DIV RX 2 SMA Diversity RX 2 output

TEST OUT SMA Test output to Site Test Monitor (or

spectrum analyzer in the case of AFEC)

X1/SKT1 37-pin D

connector

Front panel connections for power,

alarms, and controls






Note

4.1 Front panel LEDs

The colors and explanations of the front panel LEDs are given in Table 3

MHA alarms have no effect on front panel LEDs.

4.2 Connector X1 (GSM 900: AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)

The pin configuration of the X1 connector on the AFEA/D/H/J/M/N front panelis detailed in Figure 8and Table 4.

Table 3. AFE front panel LEDs

Color Code Explanation

Red FLT Fault (failure of both main and diversity LNA or

overtemperature alarm)

Yellow ALM Alarm (degraded LNA performance)

Green OPR Normal operation






Figure 8. Connector X1 (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)

Warning !Theweightofthis unitis10 kg.

X1

1

19

20

37

Ground

VSWR Sense Voltage

Ground

MHP Control(Div.)

+12V

Ground

MHP Control(Main)

Ground-12V

DN99595547

Table 4. Connector X1 pin configuration (AFEA/D/H/JM/N)

Pin Signal Description

1 DGND Digital ground

2 VSWR REF V VSWR sense voltage from combiner

3 TEMP AL Temperature alarm from combiner

4 1 LAN AL1 First level alarm from diversity LNA

5 1LNA AL2 Second level alarm from diversity LNA

6 1MHA AL Diversity branch MHA alarm






7 1MHA CONTROL Diversity branch MHA power control

8 1LNA TEST1 Diversity LNA test line 1




12-17 NOT USED

18 +12 V Power supply +12 V

19 AGND Analog ground

20 DGND Digital ground21 2LNA AL1 First level alarm from main LNA

22 1LNA AL2 Second level alarm from main LNA

23 2MHA AL Main branch MHA alarm

24 2MHA CONTROL Main branch MHA power control

25 2LNA TEST1 Main LNA test line 1




29-35 NOT USED

36 -12 V Power supply -12 V


Table 4. Connector X1 pin configuration (AFEA/D/H/JM/N) (Continued)







4.3 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1800: AFEB)

Table 5. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEB)


1 NOT USED

2 VSWR REF V VSWR monitor reference voltage

3 TEMP AL Temperature alarm output

(Not fitted to AFEB15 from version 465387A.510

onwards)

4 1LNA AL1 DIV First level alarm from diversity LNA

5 1LNA AL2 DIV Second level alarm from diversity LNA

6 NOT USED

7 NOT USED





12 NOT USED

13 NOT USED

14 LRED Red LED alarm

15 LYEL Yellow LED alarm

16 LGRN Green LED alarm

17 NOT USED

18 +12 V Power supply +12 v


20 NOT USED

21 2LNA AL1 First level alarm from main LNA

22 2LNA AL2 Second level alarm from main LNA

23 NOT USED

24 NOT USED








4.4 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1900: AFEL)



29 NOT USED

30 NOT USED

31-35 NOT USED

36 -12 V Power supply -12 V


Table 5. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEB) (Continued)


Table 6. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEL)



2 VSWR REF V VSWR monitor reference voltage

3 TEMP AL Overtemperature alarm

4 DIV LNA_AL1 Diversity LNA degraded (one LNA branch failed)

5 DIV LNA_AL2 Diversity LNA not functional (both LNA branches

failed)

6 MHP AL DIV Diversity MHP alarm

7 MHP CONT DIV Diversity MHP control

8 TEST1 DIV Diversity LNA test

9 TEST2 DIV “

10 TEST3 DIV “

11 TEST4 DIV “

12 MHP MAIN Power feed for main MHP

13 MHP DIV Power feed for diversity MHP

14 NOT USED

15 NOT USED

16 NOT USED






17 NOT USED

18 +12 V +12 V input

19 AGND Analog ground (0 V AFEL ref)


21 LNA_AL1 Main LNA degraded (one LNA branch failed)

22 LNA_AL2 Main LNA not functional (both LNA branches failed)

23 MHP AL MAIN Main MHP alarm

24 MHP CONT MAIN Main MHP control

25 TEST1 MAIN Main LNA test input26 TEST2 MAIN “

27 TEST3 MAIN “

28 TEST4 MAIN “

29 AGND (MHP

GND MAIN)

Power ground for main MHP

30 AGND (MHP BND

DIV)

Power ground for diversity MHP

31 NOT USED

32 NOT USED

33 NOT USED

34 NOT USED

35 NOT USED

36 -12 V -12 V input

37 AGND Analog ground (0 V AFEL ref)

Table 6. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEL) (Continued)




Technical data



5 Technical data

5.1 Electrical data

Table 7. Supply voltages and current consumption

Supply Voltages Typical Current Consumption

N/A AFEA / D / H / J / M / N AFEB / L

-12 V (analog) 200 mA <90 mA

+12 V (analog) 1 A 700 mA

Table 8. Nominal power consumption

Description AFEA / D / H / J / M / N AFEB / L

Power 15 W 10 W; max. 12 W without

MHA board, 15 W with

MHA board






5.2 Dimensions and weight

5.3 RF performance values

Table 9. Dimensions and weight

DescriptionGSM 900

(AFEA / D / H / J / M / N)

GSM 1800 / 1900

(AFEB / L)

Height 262 mm (10.3 in) 262 mm (10.3 in)

Width 137 mm (5.5 in) 137 mm (5.5 in)

Depth 287.5 mm (11.5 in) max. 314.5 mm (12.4 in)

Weight max. 15 kg (34 lb) max. 10 kg (22 lb)

Table 10. RF performance values

Description

GSM 900

(A F E A / D / H / J

/ M / N)

GSM 1800

(AFEB)

GSM 1900

(AFEL)

Duplex Separation 45 MHz 95 MHz 80 MHz

Duplex Filter

Bandwidth

35 MHz 75 MHz 60 MHz

TX Frequency

Range

925 ... 960 MHz 1805 ... 1880 MHz 1930 ... 1990 MHz

Table 11. RX frequency ranges

Unit RX Frequency Range

AFEA 880 ... 915 MHz

AFEM 880 ... 915 MHz

AFED 888 ... 910 MHz

AFEJ 890 ... 915 MHz

AFEN 891 ... 912.5 MHz



Technical data



5.4 Overvoltage protection

Primary overvoltage protection is provided by external circuitry which protectsthe AFE unit from residual voltage.

5.5 Handling and storage requirements

Some high-powered components of the AFE unit contain beryllium oxide. Takecare to avoid damage to these components when handling the AFE unit.

The AFE plug-in unit weighs approximately 15 kg (34 lb). Use caution whenremoving the unit from the sub-rack.

Do not place any magnetic materials within 25 mm (1 in) of the AFE units.

AFEH 897.5 ... 915 MHz

AFEB 1710 ... 1785 MHz

AFEL 1850 ... 1910 MHz

Table 11. RX frequency ranges (Continued)

Unit RX Frequency Range

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