long-term detector upgrade plans for rhic and erhic

Long-term Detector Upgrade Plans for RHIC and eRHIC

Jin HuangBrookhaven National Lab

● Motivation ● PHENIX ● STAR ● eRHIC Detectors ●

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • PHENIX Collaboration• STAR Collaboration• BNL EIC Task Force• BNL CA-D department

23RD CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY

Jin Huang <[email protected]> 2

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)◦ The most versatile hadron collider in the world,

and world’s first and only spin-polarized proton collider◦ Two running experiments as of today

Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment (PHENIX) Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR)

Recent Heavy Flavor Tracker upgrade, see talk NP08/322 J. Schambach 2017-2025: RHIC with upgraded capability

◦ Comprehensive upgrade of PHENIX detector by reusing the BaBar Solenoidal magnet: sPHENIX and fsPHENIX Central detector upgrade, see talk NP08/356, A. Franz

◦ STAR plans a series of detector upgrade in the forward-looking direction 2025+: BNL envisions of a high luminosity spin-polarized electron ion collider (EIC),

eRHIC◦ Three studies of possible detectors for eRHIC◦ Continue upgrade paths for PHENIX and STAR lead to EIC detectors◦ A purpose-built detector to fully optimize for EIC physics

CAARI 2014

Overview

Strong interest in EIC in the nuclear physics community also shown in next talk, an EIC envisioned by Jefferson Lab: NP08/433, P. Turonski

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Bird’s eye view

Φ 1.2km

Jin Huang <[email protected]>

Search for QCD critical point and onset of deconfinement→ STAR detector with upgraded TPC is well suited for this study

Detailed study using strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) using jet observables and heavy flavor quarks→ Jet detection in the central rapidity→ Tagging of heavy flavor quark production with lepton ID and displaced vertex

Understand the mystery of large transverse spin asymmetry in hadron collisions, spin puzzle of proton, property of cold nuclear matter→ Jet detection in the forward-looking directions and hadron distribution within jets, jet correlations→ Drell-Yan -> lepton pair, W/Z -> lepton and direct photon ID

RHIC in 2017-2025: driving physics goals and requirements on detection capabilities

Quark and gluons inside spin-polarized protons

Big Bang in the UniverseSmall bang at RHIC and formation of Quark Gluon Plasma

Jin Huang <[email protected]> 5CAARI 2014

RHIC → eRHIC around year 2025 One realization of electron ion collider:

Courtesy: eRHIC pre-CDR BNL CA-D department

eRHIC: reuse one of the RHIC rings + high intensity electron energy recovery linearc

Possible detectors studied: sPHENIX → ePHENIX STAR → eSTAR A purpose-built detector

50 mA polarizedelectron gun

Beams of eRHIC 250 GeV polarized proton 100 GeV/N heavy nuclei 15 GeV polarized electron luminosity ≥ 1033 cm-2s-1

Also, 20 GeV electron beam with reduced lumi.


The compelling question: How are the sea quarks and gluons, and their spins, distributed in space and momentum inside the nucleon?

Deliverable measurement using polarized electron-proton collisions◦ The longitudinal spin of the proton, through Deep-Inelastic Scattering

(DIS)◦ Transverse motion of quarks and gluons in the proton, through Semi-

Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS)◦ Tomographic imaging of the proton, through Deeply Virtual Compton

Scattering (DVCS) Leading detector requirement:

◦ Good detection and kinematic determination of DIS electrons◦ Momentum measurement and PID of hadrons◦ Detection of exclusive production of photon/vector mesons and

scattered proton◦ Beam polarimetry and luminosity measurements

CAARI 2014

Physics goals: nucleon as a laboratory for QCDOutlined in EIC white paper, arXiv:1212.1701


The compelling questions: ◦ Where does the saturation of gluon densities set in?◦ How does the nuclear environment affect the

distribution of quarks and gluons and their interactions in nuclei?

Deliverable measurement using electron-ion collisions◦ Probing saturation of gluon using diffractive process and

correlation measurements◦ Nuclear modification for hadron and heavy flavor

production in DIS events; probe of nPDF◦ Exclusive vector-meson production in eA

Leading detector requirement:◦ ID of hadron and heavy flavor production ◦ Large calorimeter coverage to ID diffractive events◦ Detection/rejection of break-up neutron production in

eA collisions

CAARI 2014

Physics goals: nucleus as a laboratory for QCDOutlined in EIC white paper, arXiv:1212.1701

qh

g*e’

e


Long-term upgrade plan for PHENIX

~2000 ~2020 ~2025 Time

Current PHENIX f/sPHENIX An EIC detector

Current PHENIX as you have been working on

14y+ work100+M$ investment

130+ published papers to date Last run 2016

Comprehensive central upgrade base on BaBar magnet

New opportunity for forward upgrade

Jet detector with H-Cal coverage from -1<η<4

Path of PHENIX upgrade leads to a capable EIC detector

Large coverage of tracking, calorimetry and PID

Documented: http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/plans.html

RHIC: A+A, spin-polarized p+p, spin-polarized p+A eRHIC: e+p, e+A


Details in Talk NP08 # 356, Achim Franz (BNL) sPHENIX: major upgrade to the PHENIX experiment Physics Goals: detailed study QGP using jets and heavy quarks at RHIC energy region Baseline consists of new large acceptance EMCal+HCal built around recently acquired

BaBar magnet. Additional tracking also planned MIE submitted to DOE

Strong support from BNLDOE scientific review in July 2014

A good foundationfor future detector upgrade

The sPHENIX detector

Baseline detectors for sPHENIXsPHENIX MIE, http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/plans.html

CAARI 2014


BaBar superconducting magnet became available◦ Built by Ansaldo → SLAC ~1999◦ Nominal field: 1.5T◦ Radius : 140-173 cm◦ Length: 385 cm

Field calculation and yoke tuning◦ Three field calculator cross checked: POISSION,

FEM and OPERA◦ Using hadron calorimeters as yoke

Excellent features◦ Designed for homogeneous B-field in central

tracking◦ Longer field volume for forward tracking◦ Higher current density at end of the magnet ->

better forward bending◦ Work well with RICH in ePHENIX yoke: Forward &

central Hcal + Steel lampshade Ownership officially transferred to BNL,

preparing for shipping summer 2014

CAARI 2014

BaBar solenoid packed for shipping, May 17 2013

sPHENIX Magnet as foundation for upgrades


p↑

p/AIP

GEMsHadron Calo.

Shared detector with future eRHIC program and deliver an unique forward program with RHIC’s pp/pA collision

white paper submitted to BNL in Apr 2014: http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/plans.html

CAARI 2014

Forward spectrometer of sPHENIX: fsPHENIXFor forward detection in RHIC pp/pA collisions

Single jet in GEANT4pT = 4.1 GeV/c, eta = 3

ePHENIX GEM + H-Cal→ Forward jet with charge sign tagging→ Unlock secrets of large AN in hadron collisions+ reuse current silicon tracker & Muon ID detector→ polarized Drell-Yan with muons → Critical test of TMD framework+ central detector (sPHENIX)→ Forward-central correlations → Study cold nuclear matter in pA


Challenge in GEM tracking to achieve high precession with large indenting angle in the lower η region

One innovation: use thicker drift gap in GEM as a mini-TPC and measure the tracklet

Successful test beam data for mini-Drift GEM Large area GEM developments (also see talk,

NP08/369 Y. Qiang )

CAARI 2014

On-going detector R&D : mini-Drift GEMCourtesy : EIC RD6 TRACKING & PID CONSORTIUM

Retain high position resolution using mini-Drift GEM

Beam incident angle (degree)

Beam test in Fermi-Lab: October 2013


In eRHIC era: concept for an EIC Detector Built Around the BaBar Magnet

RICH

GEMStation4

EMCalHCal

GEMStation2

R (cm)HCal

p/AEMCal

GEMs

EMCal & Preshower

TPC

DIRC

η=+1

η= 4

-1.2

GEMStation3

GEMsStation1

η=-1

e-

Aerogel

z (cm) ZDCz≈12 m

Outgoinghadron

beam

Roman Potsz 10 m≫

R (cm)

z ≤ 4.5m

BBC

-1<η<+1 (barrel) : sPHENIX + Compact-TPC + DIRC -4<η<-1 (e-going) :

High resolution calorimeter + GEM trackers +1<η<+4 (h-going) :

◦ 1<η<4 : GEM tracker + Gas RICH◦ 1<η<2 : Aerogel RICH◦ 1<η<5 : EM Calorimeter + Hadron Calorimeter

Along outgoing hadron beam: ZDC and roman pots

Cost: sPHENIX MIE + 75M$(including overhead + contingency)

More: arXiv:1402.1209

Working title: “ePHENIX”


ePHENIX : Tracking and PID detectors

IPp/A

e-

e-going GEMs-4.0<η<-1

TPC-1<η<+1

h-going GEMs1<η<2

TPC GEMseGEM

RICH

gas RICH1<η<4

Fringe field 1.5 T main field Fringe field

Geant4 model of detectorsinside field region

DIRC-1<η<+1

Aerogel RICH1<η<2

TrackingHadron PID

η

p/A e-Calorimeters (H-Cal cover η > -1)


Gas RICH- The Design R

(cm

)

Z (cm)

RICH MirrorRICH Gas

Volume (CF4)

η=1

η=2

η=3

η=4EntranceWindow

Focal planeHBD detectorspherical

mirrorcenter

IP

Hadron ID for p>10GeV/c require gas Cherenkov◦ CF4 gas used, similar to LHCb RICH

Beautiful optics using spherical mirrors

Photon detection using CsI−coated GEM in hadron blind mode- thin and magnetic field resistant

Active R&D: ◦ Generic EIC R&D program◦ recent beam tests by the stony

brook group

CAARI 2014

Beam test dataStonyBrook group

Courtesy : EIC RD6 TRACKING & PID CONSORTIUM

Fermilab T-1037 data

Ring size (A.U.)


Gas RICH - performance in ePHENIX

Strong fringe field unavoidableTuned yoke → magnetic field line most along track within the RICH volume → very minor ring smearing due to track bending

Reached good hadron ID to high energy

r

A RICH Ring:Photon distribution due to tracking bending only

R

DispersionΔR <2.5 mrad

R < 52 mrad for C4F10

RICH

EMCal

η~1

η~4

Aerogel track

Purit

y

PID purity at η=4 (most challenging region w/ δp)

Ring radius ± 1σ field effect for worst-case region at η~+1

π K p

Field effect has very little impact for PID

CAARI 2014


The STAR detector and recent upgrades

Courtesy: Z.Y. Ye (UIC) RHIC/AGS User Meeting

Tracking + PID : TPC4m (L) x 4m (D)

PID: TOF

Run13/14Muon Telescope detector

Run14 : Heavy Flavor TrackerSee talk NP08/322 J. Schambach

Run12/13Forward GEM Tracker

Calorimeters: BEMC, EEMC, FMS (-1<η<+4)

Magnet: 0.5 T solenoidal6m (L) x 6m (D)

Long-term upgrade focus on strengthen forward directionsCAARI 2014


Long-term upgrade for STAR Courtesy: eSTAR LOI eRHIC pre-CDR

RHIC eRHICColor code:


STAR: highlight of on-going R&D

iTPC: Inner TPC upgrade◦ Pad-row arrangement

for readout upgrade◦ Material reduction◦ Extend eta coverage, increase dE/dx

resolution and low-pt coverage

CEMC: Crystal EM Calorimeter◦ New type of crystal (BSO)◦ Cost-effective crystal electromagnetic

calorimeter

GTRD: GEM based TRD◦ Help electron ID by detecting transition

radiation from electron◦ Additional dE/dx point for hadrons◦ Additional tracking point

Courtesy: E. Sichtermann (LBNL) DIS2014, eSTAR LOI


FCS: Forward Calorimetry System EM Calorimeter: W-Epoxy and scintillator fiber

sampling calorimeter◦ dE/E ~ 12%/ √E◦ Compact: X0 ~ 7mm, Rm~2.3cm,

Hadron calorimeter: Pb and scintillator plates (10mm and 2.5mm) sampling structure, photon readout using 3mm thick WLS bar◦ dE/E ~ 60%/ √E

CAARI 2014

STAR: highlight of on-going R&D (cont.)

FCS Concept in STAR

Courtesy: O. Tsai (UCLA) CALO2014

Prototype

2014 Fermilab Beam test: Good linearity Resolution consist. w/ Geant4


A purpose-built eRHIC detectorSolenoidal magnetic field with high precision silicon and GEM tracking

Lepton-ID: -3 <h< 3: e/p 1 <|h|< 3: Hcal 3 <|h|< 4: Ecal & Hcal |h|< 4: g suppression via tracking

hadron PID: 1<|h|<3: RICH -1<h<1: TPC (dE/dx)Central rapidities PID possiblities: DIRC, Time-of-Flight, proximity focusing Aerogel-RICH, …

p/A

e-

Courtesy: BNL EIC taskforce


Compact trackers in ~3 T solenoidal magnetic field:◦ MAPS silicon barrel and disk detectors / TPC / GEM stations

Tracking system modeled in detail under EIC-ROOT simulation-analysis framework

Expect 2-3% or better momentum resolution in the whole kinematic range Alternative tracking solution studied: cylindrical micromegas instead of TPC

CAARI 2014

A purpose-built eRHIC detector- Tracking system

Courtesy: A.Kiselev (BNL), E.C. Aschenauer (BNL) DIS2014

p+


Forward – FEMC - (η > 1): W-epoxy scintillating fiber sampling technology (STAR calorimeter upgrade)

Central – CEMC - (-1 < η < 1): Same as forward, but tapered towers Backward – BEMC - (η < -1): Options of PWO crystals (~PANDA design)

or high res. sampling calorimeter

CAARI 2014

A purpose-built eRHIC detector - Calorimeters Courtesy: A.Kiselev (BNL) DIS2014

O. Tsai (UCLA) CALO2014

EIC CEMC STARFEMC

2014 Fermilab beam test for CEMC and FEMC. Result show good consistency to simulation

CEMC beam test


Integration of detector to eRHICCourtesy: E.C. Aschenauer (BNL), A.Kiselev (BNL), DIS2014

An eRHIC IR design by Brett Parker (BNL)

Collisionpoint outgoing p/A

incoming e -

For |z|<4.5m, machine-element free region for detectors For shared region: close collaboration between BNL EIC taskforce and

Collider-Accelerator Department with on-going studies:◦ Roman Pots ◦ Zero Degree Calorimeter ◦ Low Q2 tagger◦ Luminosity detector◦ Electron polarimeter ◦ IP12: Hadron beam

polarimeter

A parallel study on MEICto reach same physics goal:NP08/433, P. Turonski


RHIC and eRHIC: unique facilities to study QCD origin of the universe and the world around us

Long term upgrade planed by both PHENIX and STAR collaborations to fully explore physics potential of RHIC◦ PHENIX: comprehensive upgrade of detectors built upon recently acquired BaBar

super conducting coil◦ STAR: strengthens forward-looking detection capabilities

Studies of possible eRHIC detectors◦ BaBar magnet and sPHENIX as foundation for an eRHIC detector◦ STAR → eSTAR◦ A purpose-built detector◦ IR design on-going◦ Active detector R&D program for EIC:

https://wiki.bnl.gov/conferences/index.php/EIC_R%25D Exciting and abundant opportunities for innovation and collaboration

CAARI 2014

Summary

long-term detector upgrade plans for rhic and erhic

Documents

detector upgrade plans

rhic erhic

series of detector upgrade

spin puzzle of proton

eic physics caari

eic detectorsa

versatile hadron collider

gev electron beam