Brookhaven Science AssociatesU.S. Department of Energy

BNL’s Plans for RHIC

Detector Advisory CommitteeDecember 19, 2002

T. Ludlam

RHIC Physics… The early runs

RHIC Phase I will be maturing in 2005 – 2006

Complete initial runs with Au-Au, p-p, d-Au, energy scan, light ions• Explore Heavy ion reactions in a new domain

o Global event characteristicso Properties of “hard” physics in A+A

• Discovery phase of the QGP searcho Establish the early equilibration of mattero Demonstrate several characteristic signatures of the QGPo Compare with p-A (d-A)

Begin the core Spin program with full machine capability for polarized protons.

Huge Strides Toward the Predicted Realm of the QGP…. Are we there Yet?

Lattice QCD Phase BoundaryZ. Fodor and S.D. Katznucl-th/0201071

A View of the landscape: interpreting the RHIC data…

Bounds on the energy density as a function of time in heavy ion collisions.Larry McLerran

Note: In FY 2003, RHIC is funded for 29 weeks of cryogenic operation…• 4 weeks cool-down, 1 week warm-up• 2 weeks set-up for each mode of operation, x 2 modes• 3 weeks ramp-up to stable operation for each mode, x 2 modes

Thus: 14 weeks total physics time (11 weeks d-Au; 3 weeks pp)

Oct. Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

Cool-down and Warm-up

Beam operation: Set-up and test Physics: d - Au Physics: p - p

FY 2003 RHIC Operations

37 weeks Optimum RHIC schedule

29 weeks: FY ’03 Pres. budget

RHIC Operations Schedule

Year Run Plan Sample Physics 2001 –

2002 Au-Au at 200 GeV/A Commission/run pp at 100+100 GeV Au-Au at low E: 19 GeV/A

~50 b-1 ~0.8 pb-1 1 day

Global properties; particle spectra; first look at hard scattering. Comparison data and first spin run Global connection to SPS energy range

2003 d-Au at 100 GeV/A

pp at 100+100 GeV

40 nb-1 (11wks) 5 pb-1 (3 wks)

Comparison data for Au-Au analysis; low-x physics in cold nuclear matter Spin run/Commission rotators

2004 Au-Au at 200 GeV/A

Au-Au at 56 GeV/A pp at 100+100 GeV

800 b-1 (10wk) 100 b-1 (3wks) 20 pb-1 (4wks)

“Long Run” for high statistics, rare events Energy Scan Spin Run/Commission jet target

2005 Si-Si/Cu-Cu at 100 GeV/A

pp at 100+100 & 250+250 GeV

8 wks 12 wks

Comparison studies: surface/volume & impact parameter effects First “full capability” spin run

2006 Long Au + Au, p+p

Commence very high statistics runs

Open Charm, Beauty, tagged jets

Strawman Run Plan

Some Beam Delivery Economics…

The RHIC program is comprised of three distinct components, each of which requires large data samples:

1. High energy A-A collisions2. Proton-Proton collisions (Spin program + comparison data)3. Other comparison data (p-A, d-A, light ions)

For the remainder of this decade, these components will get a total of ~50 weeks of physics running time each.

The integrated cost of this operation will be about one billion dollars.The savings realized by not running amount to ~$700K/week.

The Next Phase… The landscape of nuclear collisions at RHIC energies is no longer Terra Incognita

• Measure the essential properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and associated phase transitions

• Explore the early phases of reaction dynamics in QCD matter formation

• New phenomena in bulk QCD matter

• Extended studies of nucleon spin structure

Facility requirements: Luminosity and duty factor improvements to allow A A samples ≥ 10 nb-1

Upgraded PHENIX, STAR detectors

New sensitivity to hard scattering, heavy flavors, rare processes

Measurements Beyond the Initial Exploratory PhaseHigh Pt and Q2: Leading particle/jet spectra to Pt ~30 GeV/c Direct photons to Pt > 15 GeV/c Photon-tagged jets…jet tomography Drell-Yan at M ~5 GeVRare probes: Many x1000 upsilons W production in AA pA ppVery large unbiased event samples: Low mass lepton pairs γγ interferometry… Direct EM radiation from plasma Disoriented Chiral Condensate; Strong CP violation

Extended detector capability: Open charm… Vertex resolution ~0.01 mm Flavor tagging of jets… PID at high Pt

Low mass lepton pairs; Low Pt Direct Photons… Dalitz pair rejection

Observables at forward rapidity for spin and pA physics… Forward coverage: tracking, PID

Data samples ~10 nb-1 …

Design Lum. (Au Au) … ~160 weeks

4 x L0 … 40 weeks

40 x L0 … 4 weeks

Enhancements possible with existing machine:Double the number of bunches to 112

Decrease * from 2 m to 1m

Electron beam cooling at full RHIC energy will eliminate intra-beam scattering effects and reduce beam emittance: 10x increase in average luminosity

4x increase in ave. L;Still limited by I.B.S.

RHIC Luminosity Upgrade Plan

Evolution of Au Au parameters:

Luminosity in units of 1026 cm-2sec-1

Current in units of 1010 ions/beam0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Peak Luminosity

Ave. Luminosity

Beam Current

Explore limits of parton (gluon) density… Initial conditions in HI collisions.

Color Glass Condensate.

Polarized parton distributions.

Electron Ion Collider: A major new initiative for ~2010

(Polarized) Electron Beam: 10 GeV 200 mAPolarized Proton Beam: 250 GeV 300 mAElectron -cooled Gold Beam: 100 GeV/u 120 mA

Luminosity…e proton: 4 x1032 cm-2sec-1

e Gold: 3 x1030 cm-2sec-1

AGS

BOOSTER

TANDEMS

RHIC

e-ring

Nuclear Physics Planning Budget

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Fiscal Year

Fisc

al Y

ear

2001

$ M

illio

nsFu

ndin

g in

200

1 M

$

RIA

Facility operations

Research

NSF Nuclear Phys

NUSL

CEBAF Upgrade

2001 Long Range Plan

Small Initiatives

RHIC Upgrades: The Current View

Accelerator components:

EBIS: Improved ion source to replace Tandem Van de Graaff– Build it quickly, with RHIC operating capital ( AIP funds)

e-Cooling of full-energy ion beams – Proceed with R&D, and implement as “Phase I” of Electron Ion Collider Project (eRHIC)

Detector components:

Begin Detector R&D program immediately – RHIC Detector Advisory Committee inaugural meeting December 2002

Detector Upgrades for 4 x L0 40 x L0 -- proposal-driven projects. ($2M threshold for MIE; $5M threshold for “Major Project”)

RHIC Computing Facility...

229 Terabytes of raw data recorded during FY 2000 - 2002 runs.

RCF Intel Linux Processor Farm2050 CPU

Raw Data Recording Rate for STAR during 2001

Data Transfer and processing from all four experiments.

FY 2003 capacity:• 99,000 SPECint95 cpu processing (~2 Tflops)• 118 Tbytes disk storage• 4500 Tbytes robotic tape storage• 2200 Mbyte/sec disk I/O capacity

40 Mbyte/sec

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

<L0 L0 2L0 4L0 4L0 4L0 4L0 4L0 8L0 16L0 40L0

DAQ/FEE/trigger upgrades

Vtx/PID/tracking upgrades

Replace TPC

STAR

Detector Upgrades… Rough Time Scale

Silicon Inner Tracker

TPC/Hadron-blind detector/Aerogel

DAQ/Trigger upgrades

PHENIX

R&D Construction Physics