living building financial study - comparison matrix
DESCRIPTION
37.2 w439k 3 8 6 k4288k3903k 14 8.0 17.1 27 3 k w 3 57 k D ir e c t C o n s t r u c t io n C o s t P a y b a c k p e r io d 56 9k w 5 2 3 k445k 4 0.3 4 5.5 4 8.6 4 0.5 3 5 88 2 k w358 517 k2525k1801k $ 2 31/s f$243/sf H IG H R IS E M IX E D U S ESINGLEFAMILYRESIDENTIAL $ 26 3/s f$282/sf $ 2 2 2/s f$239/sf $ 3 0 5/s f$319/sf 51 3 k w 2 27 k1296k / 14 3 3 k w 3 57 k / 314 3 k w 4 9 5 9 k w143kw31 855 k w 1 8 2k119k temperate 5 91 k w 15 3 k195k 888 5 111 9 k 205 k w 9 5 k27k 330 k w 122k 17 k14kTRANSCRIPT
PO
RTL
AN
D
MIX
ED U
SE R
ENOV
ATIO
NM
ULTI
FAM
ILY R
ESID
ENTI
ALHI
GH R
ISE
MIX
ED U
SESI
NGLE
FAM
ILY R
ESID
ENTI
ALHO
SPIT
AL
BO
STO
N
ATL
AN
TA
PH
OEN
IX
CO
ST
CO
MPA
RIS
ON
MAT
RIX
LIVI
NG B
UILD
ING
FINA
NCIA
L ST
UDY
1155-2200
%
36.8
Tota
l arr
ay si
ze in
kilo
wat
ts
Tota
l wat
er u
se in
kilo
gal
lons
Resu
ltant
Ene
rgy U
se In
tens
ity in
kbt
u/sf
/yea
r
Cost
pre
miu
m (%
)
rain
wate
rgr
eywa
ter
blac
kwat
er
$146
/sf
273
kw
357k
Dire
ct C
onst
ruct
ion
Cost
Payb
ack
perio
d
15-2
0 ye
ars
Site
pla
n
indi
catin
g PV
, site
and
mas
sing
cha
nge s
Sect
ion
indi
catin
g fo
rm c
hang
es
$24
7/sf
$263
/sf
$282
/sf
$194
/sf
$234
/sf
$148
/sf
$215
/sf
$411
/sf
$337
/sf
$304
/sf
$20
7/sf
$222
/sf
$239
/sf
$168
/sf
$210
/sf
$129
/sf
$188
/sf
$363
/sf
$304
/sf
$22
1/sf
$231
/sf
$243
/sf
$166
/sf
$218
/sf
$129
/sf
$187
/sf
$368
/sf
$395
/sf
$272
/sf
$305
/sf
$319
/sf
$221
/sf
$277
/sf
$166
/sf
$244
/sf
$469
/sf
tempe
rate
hot h
umid
hot a
rid
cool
UNIV
ERSI
TY C
LASS
ROOM
12-17
11122222222222222222217
11111%
16-21
116621
1111%
16-21
111111111111116666666666666621
111111%
$337
/s/f
649
kw
301k
743
kw
301k
1217
111111111111112222222222222-117
%%
SCHO
OL K
-8
11-16
111111116
%
19-24
1111111111111111199999999999999-24444
1%
17-22
1111111111111111111777777777777777777-22
1%%
$24
7/sf/
1013
kw
968k
776
kw
968k
MID
RIS
E O
FFIC
E 26-31
2631
%
32-37
32333333333333337
3%
36-41
36444444444441
%
773
kw/
851
kw
357k
357k
LOW
RIS
E OF
FICE 29
-34
29-3
44%
33-3
933333
-39%%
355-44
00000000000000000000%
271
kw/
273
kw
122k
122k
17-22
117-22
11% /
1433
kw
357k
20-25
2002
%26
-312
%16
-2116
21%
21-26
222%
23-28
23-28
222%%
2631
2226-311
222%%
1143
kw
376k
35-4
03555
4%
39-4
439
-4%
38-4
338
43%
7 kw 31
k
31-3
6%
33-3
83
%
32-37
%
654
kw
357k
20-25
20222222222222222222222222222555555555555555
%
20-25
20222222222555555555
22%
23-28
23222222222222222222222222888888888888888888888888
22%
2556
kw
32-37
32333333333377777777777777777777
33333%
32-37
333%
32-37
333%
4465
kw
/
825
kw
959k
1296
k26
7k
1180
k
556
kw25
633k
2525
k16
85k
4288
k
/
3143
kw
/
4959
kw
143
kw31
425k
2525
k18
66k
4288
k
59 k
w49
5 1921
k23
68k
65 k
w44
6 2688
k42
88k
1601
k
981
kw
176k
72k
53k
569k
w
523k
445k
591
kw
153k
195k
205
kw
95k
27k
2222222222222222111111111111-2266
2%
855
kw
182k
119k
4 kw 17
k14
k
513
kw
227k
1296
k
1976
kw
3439
kw
75k
999k
19976
kw
19
321k
2525
k19
97k
3439
kkw
439
k
386k
4288
k39
03k
24-29
2429
2%
130k
1617
kw
301k
1224
kw
968k
930
kw
357k
330
kw
122k
1578
kw
376k
9 kw 26
k
912
kw
1096
k
3582
kw
5666
kw
k
91 1012
96k
35882
kw
358 51
7k25
25k
1801
k
56666
kw
56
2196
k42
88k
2093
k5k
/
6 kw
23k
9k
4449
444-4
99944
%
8885
1119k
4-9
444444444444999%
35.4
28.2
36.0
30.3
37.2
15.5
23.2
32.0
123.
9
40.3
24.8
34.9
35.5
35.3
17.1
21.8
30.6
117.
4
38.4
23.0
34.2
34.3
33.6
11.5
22.0
30.9
118.
7
48.6
35.7
43.4
43.6
45.5
19.5
28.5
40.5
148.
0
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
kbtu
/sf/
year
11-1
6 ye
ars
27-3
2 ye
ars
22-2
7 ye
ars
13-1
8 ye
ars
12-1
7 ye
ars
9-14
year
s
6-11
year
s
29-3
4 ye
ars
39-4
4 ye
ars
22-2
7 ye
ars
20-2
5 ye
ars
19-2
4 ye
ars
12-1
7 ye
ars
13-1
8 ye
ars
11-1
6 ye
ars
8-13
year
s
11-1
6 ye
ars
6-11
year
s
9-14
year
s 2-
7 ye
ars
8-13
year
s
10-1
5 ye
ars
6-11
year
s
10-1
5 ye
ars
8-13
year
s
12-1
7 ye
ars
6-11
year
s
18-2
3 ye
ars
15-2
0 ye
ars
16-2
1 ye
ars
10-1
5 ye
ars
25-3
0 ye
ars
21-2
6 ye
ars
20-2
5 ye
ars
16-2
1 ye
ars
10-1
5 ye
ars
LIVI
NG B
UILD
ING
FINA
NCIA
L ST
UDY:
KE
Y VA
RIA
BLE
S
PO
RTL
AN
D
BO
STO
N
ATL
AN
TA
PH
OEN
IX
tempe
rate
hot h
umid
hot a
rid
cool
PHOT
OVOL
TAIC
CAP
ACIT
YTo
ach
ieve
net
zero
ener
gy, s
olar
pan
els w
ere fi
rst a
dded
to ea
ch b
uild
ing
roof
. If a
dditi
onal
PV p
rodu
ctio
n wa
s nee
ded
to a
chie
ve n
et ze
ro en
ergy
, PV
was
add
ed n
ext t
o the
site
. For
refe
renc
e bui
ldin
gs th
at d
id n
ot in
clud
e ad
ditio
nal s
ite a
rea,
it w
as a
ssum
ed th
at P
V cou
ld b
e add
ed to
the
roof
tops
of n
earb
y par
king
gara
ges,
with
the e
nerg
y con
sum
ed b
y tho
se
park
ing g
arag
es a
lso in
clud
ed in
ove
rall e
nerg
y pro
duct
ion
of th
e PV a
rray.
TOTA
L WAT
ER U
SEAl
l bui
ldin
gs w
ere fi
rst u
pgra
ded
to in
clud
e the
mos
t wat
er co
nser
ving
fi xtu
res a
vaila
ble i
n the
mar
ket t
oday
. The
rem
aini
ng w
ater
usa
ge
was o
ffset
fi rs
t by r
ainw
ater
colle
cted
from
the b
uild
ing’
s roo
f, th
en th
roug
h gre
ywat
er an
d bl
ackw
ater
recla
im sy
stem
s. D
iffer
ent
build
ing t
ypes
requ
ired
diffe
rent
leve
ls of
was
te w
ater
trea
tmen
t, de
pend
ing i
f the
wat
er ne
eded
to b
e reu
sed
as p
otab
le or
not.
Tank
size
dep
ends
on
both
rain
fall a
nd w
ater
usa
ge p
atte
rns.
ENER
GY U
SE IN
TENS
ITY
The
base
line
Ener
gy U
se In
tens
ity (E
UI) f
or e
ach
build
ing
type
wa
s det
erm
ined
usi
ng d
ata
from
the
2003
Com
mer
cial
Bui
ld-
ings
Ene
rgy C
onsu
mpt
ion
Surv
ey (C
BECS
) and
200
5 Re
side
ntia
l En
ergy
Con
sum
ptio
n Su
rvey
(REC
S).
A ta
rget
of 5
0-65
% im
-pr
ovem
ent o
ver C
BECS
was
set f
or e
ach
build
ing
type
. En
ergy
Co
nser
vatio
n M
easu
res (
ECM
s) w
ere
appl
ied
to e
ach
build
ing
(by c
limat
e ci
ty) u
ntil
the
goal
or t
arge
t EUI
was
reac
hed.
CLIM
ATES
tem
pera
te: T
his c
limat
e is
mild
er w
ith le
ss
extre
mes
. Ra
infa
ll va
ries a
cros
s the
regi
on
depe
ndin
g on
loca
tion.
hot-h
umid
: Thi
s clim
ate
is c
hara
cter
ized
by h
ot
hum
id d
ays e
spec
ially
in
the
sum
mer
. Ra
infa
ll va
ries a
cros
s the
regi
on
depe
ndin
g on
loca
tion.
hot-a
rid: T
his c
limat
e is
char
acte
rized
by h
ot d
ry
days
and
coo
ler n
ight
s,
alth
ough
col
d da
ys a
re
poss
ible
in th
e wi
nter
m
onth
s. Th
e av
erag
e ra
infa
ll is
very
low.
cool
: Thi
s clim
ate
typi
cally
has
col
d wi
nter
day
s, p
ossi
ble
hot/
hum
id su
mm
er
even
ings
. Rai
nfal
l va
ries a
cros
s the
regi
on
depe
ndin
g on
loca
tion,
wi
th sn
ow fa
ll ad
ding
to
tota
l pre
cipi
tatio
n.
BUIL
DING
TYP
ESUn
iver
sity
Cla
ssro
om
Scho
ol K
-8
Low
Rise
Offi
ce
Mid
Ris
e Of
fice
Mix
ed U
se R
enov
atio
n
Sing
le F
amily
Res
iden
tial
Mul
ti Fa
mily
Res
iden
tial
High
Ris
e M
ixed
Use
Hosp
ital
15-20
%
$146
/sf
15-2
0 ye
ars
COST
PRE
MIU
M (%
)Th
e co
sts f
or L
ivin
g Bu
ildin
g pr
emiu
ms w
ere
pric
ed a
s if t
hey
were
par
t of t
he o
rigin
al d
esig
n, n
ot in
crem
enta
l cha
nges
. Si
mila
r to
the
Valu
e En
gine
erin
g pr
oces
s dur
ing
desi
gn, c
hang
es
were
ana
lyze
d on
a n
et-im
pact
bas
is a
cros
s dis
cipl
ines
.
PAYB
ACK
PERI
ODTh
e co
st e
stim
atin
g te
am p
erfo
rmed
a si
mpl
ified
life
cyc
le c
ost
anal
ysis
, com
parin
g th
e LE
ED G
old
build
ing
base
line
cost
s to
the
cost
s pro
ject
ed fo
r the
Liv
ing
Build
ing
Mod
ifica
tion
to a
rrive
at t
he
pres
ent w
orth
for e
ach
build
ing.
Th
e to
tal l
ife c
ycle
cos
t loo
ked
at
both
the
annu
al c
ost a
nd th
e pr
esen
t wor
th o
f the
bui
ldin
g to
arri
ve
at a
pre
sent
wor
th fo
r the
LEE
D Go
ld b
uild
ing.
The
Liv
ing
Build
ing
does
not
hav
e co
sts a
dded
to it
as i
t has
no
wate
r or e
nerg
y usa
ge.
DIRE
CT C
ONST
RUCT
ION
COST
The
proj
ects
bas
e es
timat
es w
ere
norm
alize
d to
Janu
ary 2
009
dolla
rs so
bas
elin
e co
sts c
ould
be
esta
blis
hed.
Cos
ts in
clud
e th
e ba
lanc
e of
a d
evel
oper
’s pr
ofor
ma
cost
s inc
ludi
ng su
rvey
, leg
al,
SDC
char
ges,
bui
ldin
g pe
rmits
, fur
nitu
re a
nd fe
e. L
and
purc
hase
co
sts a
re n
ot in
clud
ed d
ue to
the
high
deg
ree
of va
riatio
n fro
m si
te
to si
te. T
he c
ost m
odel
refle
cts a
bes
t net
-val
ue in
terp
reta
tion
of
stra
tegi
es a
nd sy
stem
s nec
essa
ry to
ach
ieve
Liv
ing
Build
ing
goal
s.
WH
Y D
O T
HIS
STU
DY?
The
task
of
chan
ging
cul
tura
l and
soc
ial p
arad
igm
s fa
lls t
o th
ose
who
are
will
ing
to d
ispr
ove
wha
t is
pe
rcei
ved
as im
poss
ible
. In
the
two
year
s si
nce
the
Livi
ng B
uild
ing
Cha
lleng
e w
as a
nnou
nced
, the
re h
as
been
phe
nom
enal
inte
rest
fro
m c
lient
s an
d de
sign
fi rm
s at
trac
ted
by t
he s
impl
icit
y of
the
con
cept
and
an
app
reci
atio
n fo
r th
e ne
w m
ilest
one
it d
efi n
es o
n th
e pa
th t
o a
rest
orat
ive
futu
re. O
ften
, the
que
stio
n th
at a
rise
s af
ter
clie
nts
begi
n to
com
preh
end
the
mag
nitu
de o
f bu
ildin
g a
Livi
ng B
uild
ing
is “
wha
t is
the
co
st p
rem
ium
and
the
pay
back
?” T
his
stud
y co
mm
issi
oned
by
the
Cas
cadi
a C
hapt
er o
f th
e U
S G
reen
B
uild
ing
Cou
ncil
take
s di
rect
aim
at
that
ver
y qu
esti
on. T
he r
esul
ts a
re e
nlig
hten
ing
and
enco
urag
ing.
STU
DY
ME
THO
DO
LOG
YFo
r th
e st
udy,
a t
eam
led
by S
ERA
Arc
hite
cts,
join
ed b
y S
kans
ka U
SA
Bui
ldin
g, G
erdi
ng/E
dlen
D
evel
opm
ent,
New
Bui
ldin
gs In
stit
ute
and
Inte
rfac
e En
gine
erin
g co
ncep
tual
ly t
rans
form
ed e
xist
ing
LEED
Gol
d bu
ildin
gs in
to L
ivin
g B
uild
ings
– u
sing
rea
l con
stru
ctio
n da
ta a
nd d
ocum
ents
. Nin
e bu
ildin
g ty
pes,
ran
ging
fro
m r
esid
enti
al t
o co
mm
erci
al a
nd in
stit
utio
nal,
are
in p
roce
ss o
f be
ing
eval
uate
d in
fo
ur d
iffe
rent
clim
ate
zone
cit
ies:
mix
ed, t
empe
rate
, hot
hum
id, a
nd h
ot a
rid.
The
pre
limin
ary
resu
lts
for
the
build
ing
type
s ar
e sh
own
on t
he r
ever
se s
ide
of t
his
shee
t. A
det
aile
d re
port
incl
udin
g th
e st
udy’
s as
sum
ptio
ns, p
roce
ss a
nd b
ack-
up d
ata
are
anti
cipa
ted
to b
e av
aila
ble
by e
arly
Mar
ch.
The
team
end
eavo
red
to e
mpl
oy t
he le
ast
expe
nsiv
e st
rate
gies
init
ially
for
all
prer
equi
site
s, o
nly
utili
zing
ex
pens
ive
syst
ems
whe
n th
e cl
imat
e co
ndit
ions
di
ctat
ed t
hey
wer
e re
quir
ed. F
irst
, eac
h bu
ildin
g de
sign
was
ana
lyze
d to
det
erm
ine
how
the
bui
ldin
g co
uld
be r
esha
ped
to p
erfo
rm b
ette
r in
eac
h cl
imat
e zo
ne –
em
ploy
ing
sim
ple
tech
niqu
es li
ke
elon
gati
ng t
he b
uild
ing
in t
he w
est/
east
dir
ecti
on
to m
axim
ize
dayl
ight
ing.
Nex
t, e
nerg
y co
nser
vati
on
mea
sure
s (E
CM
’s)
wer
e in
tegr
ated
to
redu
ce d
eman
d.
Mec
hani
cal s
yste
ms
wer
e up
grad
ed a
nd o
ptim
ized
(a
nd in
som
e ca
ses
elim
inat
ed)
for
the
build
ing
and
clim
ate.
The
fi na
l ste
p in
the
pat
h to
Net
-Zer
o En
ergy
was
inco
rpor
atin
g p
hoto
volt
aics
in s
uffi c
ient
qu
anti
ty t
o m
eet
the
rem
aini
ng e
nerg
y de
man
d.
AP
PR
OA
CH
TO
TH
E C
OS
T M
OD
EL
In o
rder
to
put
a pr
ice
tag
on a
n id
ea, i
t m
ust
be
tran
slat
ed in
to a
mod
el, w
ith
form
, pla
ce a
nd
qual
ity
defi n
ed. T
he e
ntir
e st
udy
team
eng
aged
in a
dia
logu
e to
iden
tify
and
ske
tch
out
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of t
he p
roje
cts
usin
g th
e Li
ving
Bui
ldin
g C
halle
nge
so c
once
ptua
l lev
el c
ost
esti
mat
es c
ould
be
prep
ared
. Th
e es
tim
atin
g te
am t
ook
a co
nsid
ered
app
roac
h to
ant
icip
atin
g th
e co
mpl
ete
scop
e of
eac
h pr
ojec
t, a
ddin
g al
low
ance
s fo
r fu
ll te
nant
bui
ld-o
ut if
it w
as n
ot in
clud
ed in
the
bas
e. L
ivin
g B
uild
ings
dem
and
an in
tegr
ated
ap
proa
ch t
o de
sign
; lik
ewis
e, t
he e
stim
ate
coul
d no
t as
sum
e th
at f
eatu
res
wou
ld b
e bo
lted
-on
in is
olat
ion
of o
ne a
noth
er. S
kans
ka w
orke
d w
ith
the
stud
y te
am t
hrou
ghou
t th
e pr
oces
s to
defi
ne
and
esti
mat
e th
e de
sign
inte
nt. T
he c
ost
mod
el r
efl e
cts
a be
st, n
et-v
alue
inte
rpre
tati
on o
f st
rate
gies
and
sys
tem
s ne
cess
ary
to a
chie
ve L
ivin
g B
uild
ing
goal
s an
d in
corp
orat
e in
dust
ry-r
ecog
nize
d co
ntin
genc
ies,
reg
iona
l cos
t da
ta
deri
ved
from
Ska
nska
’s c
ost
data
base
and
sof
t co
sts
adju
sted
to
appr
oxim
ate
Janu
ary
20
09
pri
cing
.
Con
cept
ual e
stim
atin
g is
par
t sc
ienc
e an
d pa
rt a
rt. T
he c
ost
mod
els
ende
avor
to
esta
blis
h a
cost
incr
emen
t fo
r Li
ving
Bui
ldin
gs, r
ecog
nizi
ng t
hat
ever
y pr
ojec
t w
ill v
ary
from
the
se r
esul
ts in
res
pons
e to
its
uniq
ue
requ
irem
ents
, loc
atio
n an
d m
arke
t co
ndit
ions
. Mor
e im
port
ant
than
the
abs
olut
e nu
mbe
rs d
eriv
ed f
or t
he s
mal
l sa
mpl
e of
spe
cifi c
pro
ject
s an
alyz
ed in
thi
s st
udy
are
the
gene
ral i
nsig
hts
gain
ed in
wha
t infl u
ence
s th
e co
sts
of a
Li
ving
Bui
ldin
g.
“Our
wor
k on
the
Livi
ng B
uild
ing
Chal
leng
e Co
st S
tudy
has
confi r
med
som
e as
sum
ptio
ns a
nd fr
ankl
y su
rpris
ed u
s on
oth
ers.
The
type
of b
uild
ing,
loca
tion
, ava
ilabl
e in
cent
ives
, etc
. all
driv
e di
ffer
ent
resu
lts. W
hat g
ives
us
confi
den
ce is
that
wit
h a
crea
tive
des
ign
and
cons
truc
tion
team
and
a d
riven
clie
nt, i
t is
poss
ible
to d
evel
op L
ivin
g
Bui
ldin
gs. T
his
is n
ot ju
st g
ood
new
s, th
is is
confi r
mat
ion
that
we
will
soo
n se
e an
arr
ay o
f bui
ldin
g ty
pes
achi
eve
phen
omen
al re
sults
in n
ot ju
st th
e re
duct
ion
of th
e en
viro
nmen
tal f
ootp
rint b
ut in
thei
r
rela
tion
ship
wit
h th
e bu
ildin
g oc
cupa
nts.
One
thin
g is
ver
y cl
ear,
the
best
bui
ldin
g in
the
wor
ld w
ill a
chie
ve v
ery
little
unl
ess
the
occu
pant
s
part
icip
ate
acti
vely
in m
akin
g th
e bu
ildin
g pe
rfor
m a
s in
tend
ed.”
Den
nis
Wild
eG
erdi
ng /
Edle
n D
evel
opm
ent
Cas
cadi
a’s
mis
sion
is t
o pr
omot
e th
e de
sign
, con
stru
ctio
n an
d op
erat
ion
of b
uild
ings
in
Ala
ska,
Bri
tish
Col
umbi
a, W
ashi
ngto
n an
d O
rego
n th
at a
re e
nvir
onm
enta
lly r
espo
nsib
le,
profi
tab
le a
nd h
ealt
hy p
lace
s to
live
, wor
k an
d le
arn.
ENER
The
bawa
s de
ig
E
24.8
kbtu
/sf/
year