1.Livestock & Dairy Industry Muhammad Yaseen Mazia Zehra 1

2. Livestock Being major player in national economy livestock sector has been selected as an economy engine for poverty alleviation from Pakistan Its contribution to agriculture value added is approximately 55.4 % and to national GDP is 11.9 %. Livestock is raised by more than 8.5 million small and landless families in the rural areas and 35-40 million rural populations are dependent on this. 3. Livestock In Pakistan livestock includes cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, camels, horses, asses and mules. Milk, meat, wool, hair, bones, fat, blood eggs, hides and skins are the main livestock products among which milk and meat are taken as major products Livestock has recorded a growth rate of 3.7 percent against the growth of 3.9 percent last year. The milk production of milk , poultry products and other livestock item has increased at rate of 3.2%, 7.3%, 1.1% 4. Livestock Population The total population increase in livestock sector during economic year 2012-13 is listed below. Cattle population increased by 3.79% in year 2012-13. Buffalo, sheep and goat population replicated by 3.06%, 1.41% and 2.85% respectively. There is 0% increase in mule population. 5. Species Year 2011-12 Year 2012-13 Percentage Increase Population (Million No) Population (Million No) Cattle 36.9 38.3 3.79% Buffalo 32.7 33.7 3.06% Sheep 28.4 28.8 1.41% Goat 63.1 64.9 2.85% Camels 1 1 0.00% Horses 0.4 0.4 0.00% Asses 4.8 4.9 2.08% Mules 0.2 0.2 0.00% 6. Meat Pakistan ranked 18th in the production of Halal Meat Market The production of other livestock products for the meat increase 4.5% during 2012-13 Meat per capita 21.0 kg 7. Meat Meat 3,095 3,232 3,379 Beef 1,711 1,769 1,829 Mutton 616 629 643 Poultry meat 767 834 907 8. Poultry Sector Poultry sector is one of the fast growing sectors of Pakistan and 1.5 million people are directly or indirectly earning from this sector. Its contribution in National GDP is 1.2 percent and 10.4 percent in livestock. 9. Poultry Sector Poultry meat contribute 26.7% to the total meat production in Pakistan. Poultry sector has shown a sprint growth at the rate of 7-8 percent annually. The overall increase in poultry meat production during the last financial year is 8.75% which is much higher than the mutton and beef production percentage increase 10. History In Pakistan, modern milk processing in the dairy sector started in early 1960s, and by mid-1970s 23 milk pasteurization and sterilization plants were set up All of them are closed due to low consumer acceptance, the short shelf-life of the product and lack of trained manpower. The first UHT plant was set up in Pakistan in 1977 11. History The success of this plant attracted many other investors also and during 1983-87, 20 new plants were set up. In the current situation, UHT capacity in the dairy industry is more than the demand for the product 12. Plant Start up Installed Capacity (liters/day) Milko, ltd. Lahore 1977 25,000 MilkPak limited, sheikhupura 1981 150,000 Pakistan Dairies, Sahiwal 1983 50,000 Halla, Pattoki 1984 75,000 Chaudhry Dairies, Bhai Pheru 1986 80,000 Milkways, tandlianwala 1987 90,000(2) 13. Sr.No Plant Location 1 Nestle Milkpak ltd Sheikhupura 2 Nestle Milkpak ltd 3 Haleeb Foods limited Bhai Pheru 4 Haleeb Foods limited R.Y. khan 5 Nirala Dairy Pvt Ltd Tandlianwala 6 Premier dairy Pvt. Ltd. Lahore 7 K & K Dairy Pvt. Ltd Lahore 8 Shaker foods Gujranwala 9 Noon Pakistan Bhalwal 10 Engro Foods Ltd Sukkhar 11 Engro Foods Ltd Sahiwal 12 Royal dairy Karachi 13 Millac Foods Pvt. Ltd. Lahore 14 Military Dairy Okara 15 Prime dairy Lahore 16 Butt dairy Tandlianwala 17 Idara-e-Kissan Pattoki 18 Gourmete Lahore 19 Adams Dairy Sahiwal 20 Alpha Dairy Jhung 14. Dairy Sector Pakistan is the fourth largest producer of milk in the world behind India, China and the United States. The sector spans eight million farming households that together produces around 36.2 million tons of milk annually, Mammalian livestock can be used as a source of milk, which can in turn easily be processed into other dairy products Milk provides relatively quick returns for small- scale livestock keepers 15. Dairy Sector It is a balanced nutritious food and is a key element in household food security. More than 96% of the milk produced in Pakistan comes from cattle and buffalo. Milk is favorite food in Pakistan and is consumed as fresh, boiled, powdered and in processed form as yogurt, ghee, lassi, butter, cheese, ice cream, sweets and in other confectioneries 16. Dairy Sector The rest of it is collectively produced by sheep, goat and camel which, most of the time, is not sold as such, rather mixed with buffalo and cow milk. Major product of livestock is milk and there is 3.26 percent increase in the milk production during the last two years that is quite satisfactory as the milk consumption increased by 3.24% during the last fiscal financial year. Pakistan Milk per capita 170.0 liter 17. Species Population (Million) Milk Production (Million Tons) Cattle 38.3 17.372 Buffalo 33.7 30.462 Sheep 28.8 0.037 Goat 64.9 0.801 Camel 1.0 0.840 Total 166.7 49.512 Province Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camel Punjab 19.0 21.9 6.9 24.0 0.22 Sindh 8.8 9.1 4.3 14.9 0.30 KPK 7.7 2.4 3.7 11.7 0.07 Balochistan 3.1 0.3 13.8 14.2 0.41 18. Species 2011-12 2012-13 Production (000 tons) Production (000 tons) Increase in Consumption Milk (Human Consumption) 38,690 39,945 3.24% Cow 13,393 13,897 3.76% Buffalo 23,652 24,370 3.04% Sheep 37 37 0.00% Goat 779 801 2.82% Camel 829 840 1.33% 19. The nine major dairies of the country include: Nestle Nirala Halla Noon Millac Dairy Bell Dairy Crest Premier Engro Foods Ltd 20. Milking Seasons in Pakistan In Pakistan there are mostly three season of milk which are as under : Flush Season: (1st Jan to 15th April): During this season there is maximum production of milk in the country. Lean Season (16th April to 30th July) : Minimum production of milk in the country due to high environmental temperature, less green fodder availability and natural reproduction cycle of animals. Semi-flush season (1st Aug to 31st Dec):In this season about 70-80 % milk production in the country 21. Housing Housing of animal is the most important factor in dairy farming. A good housing leads to good management practices and ultimately optimum production. Different types of housing of dairy animals are: Free stall Tie Stall Loose Housing system 22. Free Stall Free stall is the recommended system of housing for successful dairy farming. Here cows are kept free except at the time of milking. Resting area is divided into stalls or cubicles. Cows are not restrained in the resting area (free stall / cubicle) and are free to enter, lie down, rise up, and leave the stall whenever they desire. 23. Tie Stall In tie stall most of the system components are contained in the same structure. This type of housing is not preferred in modern dairy farming. In this type of housing system there are two or more rows of tie stalls with a manure gutter, feed manger and service alley for each row: 24. Loose Housing In loose housing system animals are not tied and there is no provision of stalls. Here animals are free to move in an open area. In this system there is a sloped roof with feeding table in the centre serving two sides at a time. On both sides there is a concrete feed alley of about 2 meters. There is a water trough for 24 hours availability of water. Each animal should have 50-75 feet2 shaded area and 90-120 feet2 open area. 25. Calf Housing Till weaning or until calves attain a body weight of about 90 kg, they should preferably be kept in individual pens. These pens may also be moveable. 26. Milking Method Basically there are two methods of milking: Hand milking Machine milking. 27. Breeding Breeding in Pakistan Buffalo Breeds Cattle Breeds Cross Breeds Exotic Breeds Goat Breeds Sheep Breeds 28. Buffalo Breed BUFFALO AREA MILK YIELD (LITRES) NILLI-RAVI Found in central- punjab 1800-2500 KUNDHI Found in Sindh 1700-2200 AZI-KHELI Swat-district 1600-1800 Source: http://www.pakdairyinfo.com 29. Nilli-ravi kundhi Azi-kheli 30. Cattle Breed CATTLE AREA MILK YIELD(LITRES) Sahiwal cattle Punjab 1500-2200 Red-Sindhi Thatta and dadu disrict 1200-2000 Cholistani Rahim yar district 1200-1800 Achai-cow North-western(KPK) 1000-1200 Exotic-breed Holland 7200-9000 Source: http://www.pakdairyinfo.com 31. Cross Breed Crossbred animals are the combination of two or more breeds. In the process of cross breeding characteristics of two or more good breeds are combined. 32. Exotic Breed Holstein/ Friesian This is an exotic breed and originated from Fries Land in Holland. Range of average daily milk production may be 22- 30 Litres 33. Exotic Breed Jersey This breed is originated from Jersey islands close to England. This breed is well known around the world for tits high fat and yellow milk. Its milk is liked in the world for its great cheese making ability. Daily milk production 18-22 liters. 34. Goat & Sheep Farming Sheep and goat farming in Pakistan is very common and popular. Many people of Pakistan prefer the goat and sheep farming business. Goats are known as poor mans cow About 90% of total goat population of the world can be found in the developing countries Sheep farming is among the traditional business and occupations of the people of some countries around the world. Sheep farming means rearing sheep commercially for the purpose of meat, milk and wool production 35. Benefits Goats and Sheep are comparatively cheaper to buy and sell than cattle. Easy to maintain than any other livestock. You can easily manage goats and sheep with other livestock animals and crop production. Raising goats and sheep is very easy and simple. Even children and women can easily raise and take good care of them Goat farming in Pakistan costs less than establishing any other livestock animal farming business. Require comparatively less labor and management 36. Goat Breeds High quality and healthy goat breed plays an important role in their overall production. Beetal, Barpari, Pak Angora, Dera Din Panah, Chapper, Bilkaneri, Kamori, Ieddy, Kaghani, Nachi, Khurasani, Tappray, Pateri, Kapla Gulabi etc. Are very suitable for farming according to the climate of Pakistan. All goats produce skin. But Beetal, Dera Din Panah and Nachi produce high quality skin. 37. Sheep Breeds The farmers should not only select good quality breed which can bring better results for fattening but also select most suitable animals from the selected breed. Through better management, the weight gain of these selected breeds would be higher. The most suitable breeds for fattening include Baluchi, Harnai and Bibrik sheep. 38. Baluchi Baluchi sheep is a large sized fat tailed breed, found in Central, Southern and some South- western parts of the Balochistan. It is used for meat and milk. Body weight of adult varies between 35 and 40 Kg, milk yield is between 40-50 kg 39. Bibrik It is a fat and short tailed, mutton type sheep that is found in parts of. Loralai Kohlu, Bugti, Barkhan, Musakhel and Sibi districts in Balochistan province. It is a medium size breed. Body colour is white with black or brown head. The wool yield is about 1.7 kg. Average adult live-weight is 27 kg. 40. Harnai Harnai is a fat tail, mutton / wool type breed. It is found in parts of Loralai, Quetta, Sibi and Zhob districts in Balochistan. The wool yield is 2.6 kg .Its wool is dense and heavy. Average adult body weight is around 30-32 kg. The breed also produces excellent quality mutton. 41. Bacterial Diseases Mastitis Tuberculosis Paratuberculosis Anthrax Haemorrhagic Septicemia Black Leg Disease Actinobacillosis Actinomycosis Bacillary Haemoglobinuria Enterotoxemia 42. Viral Diseases FMD Cow Pox Rabies Protozoal Diseases Babeisiasis Anaplasmosis Theileriasis Listeriosis 43. MILK PRODUCTS MILK CREAM: contains 18%-40% fat EXAMPLE: Light cream and coffee cream Whipped cream CONCENTRATED MILK PRODUCTS: Water removal for long restoration EXAMPLE: Skimmed milk vitamin D concentrated milk FLAVOURED MILK PRODUCTS: Emulsifier, butter fat and egg-yolk to enhance flavour. Example: banana chocolate and other flavoured milk. 44. FROZEN MILK PRODUCTS Ice-cream DRY MILK PRODUCTS Powder milk CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS Acidified milk products. Specific bacteria Example: yogurt cheese lassi 45. Pasteurising milk storage Raw milk cooling Distribution and warehousing UHT treatmen t Raw milk storage Raw milk reception Milk pasteurization Homo genization Standardization 46. Livestock product total exports are $457 million. Livestock product exports are meat, live animal, raw wool, rugs, leather products, hides, skins and footwear. Major export markets are Germany, Japan, UK, Hong Kong, & OIC countries. 47. About 40% of powdered milk is imported from Ireland and 40% form Holland and Sweden and rest of European countries. Total milk and milk food imports are $ 112.4 million in 2012-13. They were $134.4 million in 2011-12 48. Slaughterhouse Meat processing house Restaurants Fertilizers Dairy products(powdered milk, cream, butter, cheese, canned milk, flavored milk) Khoya Lassi Yogurt Leather goods Cosmetics Plastic Industry Soap Chewing gum Medicines Transportation Ice cream Ghee Waxed paper (tallow) Fiber..etc. Land availability Medicines AgricultureFeed (green grass and feed concentrate like cotton seed,wheat barn, maize etc.) 49. How is Synthetic Milk prepared? The synthetic milk technology was invented by milkmen of Kurukshetra (Haryana) about 15 years. Synthetic milk is prepared by mixing urea, caustic soda, refined oil (cheap cooking oil) and common detergents The cost of preparing synthetic milk is less than Rs. 5 per liter Urea and caustic soda are very harmful to heart, lever and kidneys. 50. How is Synthetic Milk prepared? Urea is an additional burden for kidneys as they have to do more work to remove urea from the body. Caustic soda which contains sodium acts as slow poison for those suffering from hypertension and heart ailment 51. Issues and Constraints Poor availability of nutrients Animal health issues Issues related to marketing Lack of value addition facilities Issue of peri-urban dairy colonies Institutional constraints Potential threats to livestock breeds 52. Issues and Constraints Insufficient extension services Low productivity of dairy animals Poor performance of livestock services Lack of policy Poor development of milk processing indstry Environmental issues due to increasing animal population 53. Strengths Concentrated production. Favorable breeding backgrounds. Relatively cheap farmland. High domestic consumption Good milk quality. Major source of food, i.e. Milk& Meat Ample human resource employment sector. Low cost living standard. Full family involvement, Devoted & Hardworking Sector 54. Weaknesses High production costs. Low levels of bulk feed production. Poor management level in quite a few cases. Lack of education and initiative in farmer. Unorganized sector, unaware of basic farm management practices. No or low application of research work and pedigree record keeping. 55. Opportunities Govt. of Pakistan & Sate Bank of Pakistan priority sector. Dairy products needs are much higher than supply. Commercially viable sector with great credit potential and absorption capacity. Vast range of area of operation, more needs and scope of development. Value added dairy products are in demand. Cooperatives can play a big role for development in dairy sector like India. 56. Threats High risks of diseases in livestock. Imbalance between prices of inputs & outputs. Rising trend of cost of production with higher rate of interest as compared to profit ratio. Increasing level of poverty. 57. Recommendation Allowing import of high yielding animals Semen and embryos for crossbreeding Extension improvement and modernization of laboratory facilities to diagnose and treat livestock diseases Expanding animal health service Duty free import of veterinary dairy and livestock machinery/ equipment Allowing import of feed inputs and vaccines at zero rate