.

Livestock and the

Sustainable

Development Goals

RAMOS, Mariannell

Outline.I. Overview on Sustainable Development Goals

II. Livestock and SDGs

a. PEOPLE: SDGs Targeting Human Dimensions of

Development

b. PLANET: SDGs Targeting Natural Resources and Climate

c. PROCESSES: SDGs Targeting Economic and Institutional

Development

III. Priorities for the Livestock Sector’s Stakeholders

IV. Cross-sectoral Integration and National Prioritization of SDG

Targets

V. Measuring Process

Objectives.

a) Aims to provide an overview of the linkages

between livestock and SDGs

b) Describe how livestock are connected to different

goals.

-significant advances in human development around the world

such as halving extreme poverty and child mortality.

…

environmental protection have not been achieved or negatively impacted.

http://un.dk/about-the-un/the-mdgs

Development is only sustainable if it respects the limits set by finite resources and supporting ecosystem services.

environmental, economic, and social indivisible (no one goal is separate from others)

comprehensive and participatory universal (relevant to all nations)

adopted on 25 September 2015 by

193 Members of the United Nations with

17 sustainable development objectives associated

with 169 targets for the next 15 years.

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment

PEOPLE: SDGs Targeting Human Dimensions of Development

PEOPLE: SDGs Targeting Human Dimensions of Development

End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

o 900 million poor people worldwide, living on less than P100/day or US$1.9/day (World Bank, 2015)

o 450 million depend directly on livestock for their livelihood.

o Farm animals = capital + income + household insurance

o Provide animal traction and fertilization

o Provide milk, meat, eggs, etc.

Livestock contributes to

Three Major Pathways OUT of Poverty

1) Increasing resilience2) Improving smallholder and pastoral

productivity3) Increasing market participation

ILRI, 2007

Priorities

* It is important to obtain more accurate information on the number and characterization of poor livestock keepers and of workers along livestock supply chains.

* Gather better and systematic evidence on how to improve livestock productivity and generate greater market access for smallholders.

End hunger, achieve food

security, and improved

nutrition, and promote

sustainable agriculture.

• 14% of total calories (kcal) and 33% of the

proteins in people’s diets (global level)

• Help combat micronutrients deficiency or hidden hunger

• Boost crop productivity

• Contribute directly to household’s purchasing

power and food security

Food vs. Feed

• Increase feed use efficiency

• Reduce feed-food competition

• Use as feeds of materials that are not

edible for human

Ensure health lives and

promote well-being for

all at all ages.

• Animal-source foods are important to

nutrition and health

• Help reduce mortality among children

and newborn

• Provide wide range of micronutrients

• Represent a threat to human health

-61% zoonotic

-disease transmission between animals and human

occurs daily around the globe

-major contributor to global Antimicrobial

Resistance (AMR)

-source of most severe but neglected tropical disease.

*Animal should be made a priority in public places.

*One health approach- optimal health for people,

animals, and environment.

Eat ma

Meat market in Mogadishu, Somali

Ensure inclusive and equitable

quality education and promote

lifelong learning opportunities

for all.

• Healthy diet is a key to learning capacities.

• Contribute to giving children quality education.

-Improved husbandry practices and technology

transfer = increase opportunities.

Higher productivity = higher household budgets = more money to send children to school“

Myan Mar

Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

• 2/3 of poor livestock keeper or 290 million

are women.

• Largely involved on caring for animals

• Women are less likely to define their

activities as work.

• Women have less access to resources.

Improve conditions of women

working in the livestock sector.“Timor Leste

Reduce inequality within and

among countries.

• Livestock ownership is more equitable

than land ownership

• Strong inequality and disparities on land

owning lead.

Support development of small

scale livestock rearing.“

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies

for sustainable development, provide

access to justice for all and build

effective, accountable and inclusive

institutions at all levels.

• Competition for resources lead to violence.

(pastoralist community)

• Insecurity of tenure = rural conflicts

• Livestock can also be considered as threat

to biosecurity and as a possible target and

weapon.

Investing in livestock development

to lessen resources competition.

Vietnam

Bangladesh

“

PLANET: SDGs Targeting Natural Resources and Climate

Ensure availability and

sustainable management of

water and sanitation for all.

Livestock of use large amounts water- drinking, servicing, and

processing of animal products.

(Cowspiracy)

• Improve water quality-soil erosion-nutrients and energy

recycling

• Reduce discharge and pollution, and associated public health.

• Provide benefits to biodiversity and economy.

Ensure access to affordable,

reliable, sustainable, and

modern energy for all.

• Livestock are a sink and source of energy

• Alternative to fossil fuels or firewood

• Methane- heat, power, vehicle fuel

• Biogas- heat, powerplants, cooking gas

Support recycling of

energy from animal

manure.Rows of peat bricks lie in the African sun at a

peat mine in Burundi.

“

Take urgent action to

combat climate change

and its impacts.

• Climate change affects livestock

production- directly and indirectly.

• Poor livestock keepers are among the

most vulnerable to climate change.

• Improve water management and breeding

livestock for drought resistance.

• Resilient feed crops and forages.

• Improve health and disease.

• Better grazing management and increased

animal mobility.

• Climate-smart interventions in

agroforestry

• Insurance and early warning signs.

• 14.5% human-induced GHG can be

reduced by:

-better farming management

-mitigation techniques

-readily available technical interventions

Implementation requires

transfer of technology and

knowledge with right incentives

and conducive regulatory

framework.

Conserve and sustainably use

the oceans, seas and marine

resources for sustainable

development.

• Increasing overexploitation of fishes

-60% of world marine stocks were

fully fished

-30% overfished

• Significant number, but declining is

processed into fish meal and fish oil.

• 27% of global fishmeal are consumed

by pigs and chickens.

• Water pollution through discharge of

wastes.

• High concentrations of nutrients in

streams causes

-eutrophication

-hypoxia

Promote adequate manure

management and by recycling

nutrients from animal manure.

“

Promote, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity.

• 26% of terrestrial areas are dedicated to rangelands

• 33% of croplands dedicated to fodder production

• Positive and negative impact on biodiversity

• Improve grazing management

• Use of nitrogen-fixing

leguminous trees

• Diverse livestock populations

PROCESSES: SDGs Targeting Economic and Institutional Development

Promote sustained, inclusive and

sustainable economic growth, full

and productive employment and

decent work for all.

• Livestock contribute to 40%of agricultural GDP.

• One of the fastest growing economic sectors in developing countries.

• Employment returns to investment in livestock are higher than average.

• Child labor in the livestock sector is the most frequent.

Increase current marginal productivity of labor in livestock sector (training, tech, etc)

Governments need to work with producer organizations, communities, private sector, and international organizations.

“

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

• Large share of population depends on

livestock.

• Most of the growth rate occurred in

large scale, intensive livestock

operations, excluding smallholders.

Market access for small

producers.“

Make cities and human

settlements inclusive, safe,

resilient, and sustainable.

• 800 million city dwellers in developing

countries practice urban agriculture.

• Urban livestock provide many benefits but

also present significant risks.

Support on clean up activities

for poor producers,

processors, and sellers.

“

Ensure sustainable

consumption and production

patterns.

• Demand for livestock will increase

by more than 70% between 2005

and 2030.

• Almost 1/3 of all food produced is

lost between field and fork. (For

every kilogram of meat produced,

200 g are lost. For every litre of

milk, 200-250 mL are lost.

• High waste rates by retailers and

consumers.

Reduce animal-source food in diets.Limit wastes and losses along supply chain.“

Strengthen the means of

implementation and revitalize the

global partnership for sustainable

development.

• Requires partnership between

governments, private sector, and

civil society.

• Inclusive partnerships at all level,

from local to global.

Form Global Agenda for

Sustainable Livestock“

Priorities for the Livestock Sector’s Stakeholders

Higher priority from all perspectives.

Five Most-connected Goals

Cross-sectoral integration and national prioritization of SDG targets

-relate to at least eight other SDGs.-has one of the biggest formulations among SDGs.

• SDGs should be seen as building blocks that they can pick from and

arrange to fit the local context and capabilities.

Three ways to view the interactions between targets:

1) One target can be dependent on one or several other targets.

2) It can impose conditions on other targets.

3) It can reinforce them.

Measuring Process:

• Sound indicator framework will turn SDGs and their targets into

management tool.

• Mechanics of SDG monitoring are still being worked out.

• “The key to addressing livestock sector development within an

SDG framework lies in developing integrated tools and actions

that address the specific priorities and development needs of

countries and locations.”

Conclusion

References:

Texts

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs

FAO-UN. Synthesis- Livestock and Sustainable Development Goals

Images

https://www.flickr.com/photos/un_photo/albums

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/12/sustainable-development-goals-kick-off-with-

start-of-new-year/

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