Little People, Big Ideas!

Izdajatelj: Zavod Akademija naprednih idej

Za izdajatelja: Ana Tomšič

Avtorji: Andrej Lozar, Ana Tomšič, Fergal Barr, Laura Navickaite in ostali

Lektura slovenskih besedil: Manca Kraševec

Prevodi iz angleščine v slovenščino: Ana Britovšek

Oblikovanje: Reakcija d.o.o.

Leto izida: 2012

Izvedba tega projekta je financirana s strani Evropske komisije. Vsebina publikacije (komunikacije) je izključno odgovornost avtorja in v nobenem primeru ne predstavlja stališč Evropske komisije.

Publikacija Little People, Big Ideas! je objavljena pod 2. Licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva – Nekomercialno – Deljenje pod istimi pogoji 2.5.

Ta licenca dovoli uporabnikom avtorsko delo in njegove predelave reproducirati, distribuirati, dajati v najem, priobčiti javnosti in predelovati samo pod pogojem, da navedejo avtorja, da ne gre za komercialno uporabo in da tudi oni naprej širijo izvirna dela/predelave pod istimi pogoji.

Little People, Big Ideas!Velike ideje malih ljudi!

Ljubljana, 2012

4

Kazalo

Uvod 8

LittLe PeoPLe, Big ideas! 10

Mladinski demokratični projekt 10

KoraKi ProjeKta 14

1. Priprave 14

2. Realizacija projekta in aktivnosti 16

3. Faza ugotavljanja rezultatov in evalvacija projekta 18

ProjeKtne aKtivnosti 20

Prvo usposabljanje: Usposabljanje za promotorje projekta Little People, Big Ideas! 20

Izjave 26

Video projekti, ki so nastali med usposabljanjem udeležencev 28

Drugo usposabljanje: Usposabljanje lokalnih aktivistov 30

Izjave 32

Video projekti, ki so nastali med usposabljanjem udeležencev 34

PoLitični sistemi v sodeLUjočih državah 40

Severna Irska (Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske) 40

Parlament Združenega kraljestva 40

Skupščina Severne Irske 44

Litva 46

Demokratični proces v Litvi 46

Ustava 46

5

Content

introdUction 9

LittLe PeoPLe, Big ideas! 11

Youth Democracy Project 11

Project stePs 15

1. Preparation phase 15

2. Realisation and Activity Phase 17

3. Results and evaluation Phase 19

Project activities 21

Training no1: Training for LPBI promoters and activists 21

Statements 26

Video project done by LPBI participants during the first training 29

Training no2: Training for LPBI promoters and activists 31

Statements 32

Video project done by LPBI participants during the second training 35

PoLiticaL system’s in Project coUntries 41

Northern Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 41

The UK Parliament 41

The Northern Ireland Assembly 45

Lithuania 47

Democratic process in Lithuania 47

The constitution 47

6

Zakonodajna oblast 46

Izvršilna oblast 48

Sodna veja oblasti 50

Slovenija 52

Lokalna raven 52

Struktura delovanja občine 52

Naloge občine so raznolike 54

Občina in država 54

Državna raven 54

KaKo do PoLitičnih odLočevaLcev? 60

Pisma 62

Primeri doBrih PraKs 72

Litva: Projekt Obljuba za litvansko mladino 72

Litva: Socialno podjetništvo mladih v obmejni regiji Litve in Belorusije (2011–2012) 74

Severna Irska: Mreža Zemlja (Network Earth) – Svetovljan 21. stoletja 76

Severna Irska: Projekt Why? 78

Severna Irska: Projekt WIMPS 84

Slovenija: Spletni portal www.politikajekul.si 86

Slovenija: Mladi odpiramo prostor (www.mladi-in-obcina.si) 88

7

Legislative branch 47

Executive branch 49

Judicial branch 51

Slovenia 53

The local level 53

The structure of the municipality's activities 53

A diverse range of the municipality's tasks 55

The municipality and the state 55

The national level 55

how to reach PoLiticaL decision maKers? 61

Letters 63

good Practices 73

Lituania: Project "Promise for the Lithuanian Youth" 73

Lithuania: Youth Social Entrepreneurship in Lithuanian and Belarusian Border Region

(2011-2012) 75

Northern Ireland: Network Earth - Global Citizen for the 21st Century 77

Northern Ireland: The "Why?" Project 79

Northern Ireland: The WIMPS Project 85

Slovenia: Politics is cool! Web page www.politikajekul.si 87

Slovenia: Youth oppening the space (www.mladi-in-obcina.si) 89

8

V rokah držite končno publikacijo projekta Little People, Big Ideas! oziroma Velike ideje malih ljudi!.

Projekt je bil skupna iniciativa šestih organizacij s Severne Irske (Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske), Litve in Slovenije. To je bil eden od mladinskih demokratičnih projektov, ki se dnevno izvajajo po Evropi. Namen projekta je bila podpora na področju ene od stalnih prioritet Evropske unije (program Mladi v akciji), to je vključevanje mladih v družbeno življenje. Cilj projekta je bil spodbuditi mlade k prevzemanju aktivnejše vloge v svojih lokalnih skupnostih.

Rezultati projekta so bili zbrani v skupni publikaciji.

V publikacijo smo vključili predstavitev aktivnosti in prispevke mladih v obliki pisem lokalnim predstavnikom. V publikacijo smo vključili tudi temo, ki prikazuje koncepte predstavniške demokracije v vključenih državah. V publikaciji boste našli tudi primere dobrih praks vključevanja mladih oziroma mladinskih projektov s tega področja, ki so lahko dober primer tako za mlade kot za odločevalce v lokalnih skupnostih in višjih nivojih odločanja v družbi.

Andrej Lozar koordinator projekta

Uvod

9

You are reading the final publication of "Little People Big Ideas!" project.

"Little People Big Ideas!" is a joint initiative between six organisations from Slovenia, Lithuania and North-ern Ireland and is just one of the many Youth Democracy projects that take place throughout Europe on an annual basis. The project is designed to support one of the per-manent thematic priorities of the EU’s (Youth in Action Programme), i.e., youth participation in public life and aims to encourages young people to take an active role in their local communities.

The results of the project were col-lected in a common publication. The publication includes themes about the concepts of representa-tive democracy and active citizen-ship. It also includes good practices regarding active participation and cooperation between young people and decision makers, relevant top-ics from both training programmes, the results of round tables, best ar-ticles and letters and participant’s opinion about the raised issues in their communities.

Andrej Lozar Project coordinator

Introduction

10

Projekt Little People, Big Ideas! (Velike ideje malih ljudi!) je skupen projekt šestih organizacij iz treh držav, in sicer Severne Irske, Litve in Slovenije.

Projekt je sofinanciran s strani evropskega programa Mladi v akciji. Mladi v akciji je program Evropske unije (EU) za mlade. Njegov namen je spodbuditi občutek aktivnega evropskega državljanstva, solidar-nosti in strpnosti med mladimi Evropejci in Evropejkami ter jih vključiti v oblikovanje prihodnosti EU. Program spodbuja mobilnost znotraj in zunaj meja EU, neformalno učenje in medkulturni dialog ter zaposljivost in vključevanje vseh mladih ne glede na njihovo izobraževalno, socialno in kulturno ozadje. Mladi v akciji je program za vse! Povedano z drugimi besedami: tovrstni program omogoča mladim

in osebam, ki so aktivne na področju dela z mladimi, da razvijajo področje mladinskega dela in spodbujajo mlade k aktivni udeležbi v družbi ter

k uresničitvi lastnih idej. Prednosti udeležbe pri posameznem projektu so mnogostranske: pridobivanje znanja in konkretnih veščin, širjenje socialnega omrežja znotraj in izven Slovenije, pridobivanje samostojnosti in odgovornosti, možnost izboljšanja znanja tujega jezika prek praktične uporabe in še marsikaj. Projekt je bil podprt s strani programa EU Mladi v akciji, saj obravnava eno stalnih prioritet EU in programa, to je aktivna participacija mladih v družbenem življenju. Projekt je osnovan z namenom mlade opolnomočiti, da prevzamejo odgovorno vlogo v družbi, ki jih obdaja.

S projektom Little People, Big Ideas! želimo uresničiti iniciativo, s katero mladim omogočamo varen prostor za izražanje mnenja in pobud, za pridobivanje znanja na področju medijev, za komuniciranje z javnostmi ter jim dolgoročno na njihovo željo tudi pomagati, da njihovi predlogi za spremembe v družbi pridejo do oseb, ki so odgovorne za posamezna vprašanja.

Aktivnosti projekta so potekale v Sloveniji, Litvi in na Severnem Irskem. V projekt smo vključili približno 50 mladih. Upamo pa, da bodo učinki projekta dosegli še večjo ciljno skupino. Sestavni del projekta sta dve usposabljanji za mlade s področij vključevanja različnih medijev v mladinsko delo in načinov participiranja v družbi ter vpliva na odločevalce. Udeleženci so spoznavali tudi pomembnost različnih sektorskih politik za svoje življenje.

Program prvega usposabljanja v Sloveniji je vključeval naslednje teme: osnove novinarskega sporočanja (kako napisati prispevek, kako izvesti intervju …), rokovanje s kamero in fotoaparatom (izdelava video posnetka, fotografija), promocija, aktivna udeležba mladih v družbi in aktualne družbene tematike, ki so zanimive za mlade.

Program drugega usposabljanja, ki je potekalo v Litvi, je vključeval teme s področja organizacije kampanj (kako organizirati in izvesti uspešno kampanjo), lobiranje (kako uveljaviti

Mladinski demokratični projekt

* Velike ideje malih ljudi!

Little People, Big Ideas!*

11

"Little People, Big Ideas!" is a joint initiative between six organisations from Slovenia, Lithuania and North-ern Ireland and is just one of the many Youth Democracy projects that take place throughout Europe on an annual basis. The project is designed to support one of the permanent thematic priorities of the EU’s (Youth in Action Programme), i.e., youth par-ticipation in public life and aims to encourages young people to take an active role in their local communities.

On one of the previous projects we as partners have all recognized the need to activate young peo-ple to become more powerful in society. The project "Little People, Big Ideas!" is based on youth par-ticipation in public life which leads young people to take an active role in their local society. That’s why we decided to realize a project where approximately 50 young people were directly involved and we hope to reach with our results even more.

Young people are interested in cer-tain topics. And project was the op-portunity to express them, to high-light them and to present them. The training with mentors’ and leaders’ help will enable safe space to express your opinion and to share your ideas and proposals with other people and also with decision makers in partici-pant’s country.

The project’s emphasis was on ex-pressing opinion of youth and shar-ing it with authorities. In the dia-

logue with authorities we would like to find some solutions to relevant social problems regarding youth.

More then 50 Young People has tak-en part in the project which includ-ed two training programmes and local action project activities.

One of the aims of the project is to create a safe space for the expression of opinions that will help young peo-ple to generate ideas and suggestions so as to be heard by decision makers at the various levels of decision mak-

ing. Another aim is to stimulate social inclusion and active participation among young people in democratic structures and processes.

The first training programme in Slov-enia focused on working with the media including journalism, writing,

photography, (shooting a short) film, interviews and so on. Methods were used as a basis for discussions about (current) social and political themes which are important in the lives of young people.

The second training programme has taken place in Lithuania and includ-ed information and practice regard-ing campaigning, street marketing, funding, lobbying, etc. This helped to equip youngsters with skills for lo-cal community activism.

The Local Action Project (Community Activism) has taken place between September 2011 and June 2012. The project was designed to promote dialogue between young people and public representatives by mak-ing connections between the opin-ion of young people on a variety of

Youth Democracy Project

Little People, Big Ideas!

12

svoje interese, kako pristopiti do odločevalcev), poulični marketing (kako pristopiti do mimoidočih na ulici) in nabiranje sredstev (kako pristopiti do finančnih podpornikov).

Skozi lokalne aktivnosti projekta, ki so potekale od septembra 2011 do junija 2012 (pri partnerjih so potekale različne aktivnosti: okrogle mize, natečaji, kampanje), smo želeli za aktivno participacijo navdušiti več mladih. Pomemben element projekta sta dialog z odločevalci in uporaba videoprodukcije ter spletnih medijev kot orodij za participacijo.

Cilj projekta je mlade usposobiti za aktivno participacijo v družbi, jim omogočiti varen prostor za izražanje lastnega mnenja in pobud ter jih opolnomočiti, da bodo njihove predloge slišali odločevalci na lokalni ali nacionalni ravni odločanja.

Pet glavnih ciljev projekta je bilo: •  participacija, •  aktivno evropsko državljanstvo, •  mednarodno sodelovanje, •  usposabljanje in učenje,•  informiranje in promocija.

Načrtovane aktivnosti kot rezultat projekta:•  izvedba dveh delavnic za

usposabljanje udeležencev projekta,

•  vzpostavitev in vzdrževanje spletnih strani projekta,

•  izvedba debat na temo politične in družbene participacije ter sistemov odločanja,

•  izvedba natečaja za najboljši prispevek in najboljši projekt

na temo aktiviranja mladih v lokalnem okolju ter aktivnost pisanja svojemu predstavniku (odločevalcev),

•  izdaja skupne publikacije, ki predstavlja rezultate projekta in združuje dobre prakse tega projekta v vseh treh državah.

13

issues and those in authority tasked with responding to these issues. The purpose of the dialogue is to create resolutions to relevant social prob-lems regarding young people.

The main focus of “Little People, Big Ideas!” is to stimulate and facili-tate mutual co-operation between young people and decision mak-ers at both local and national level

and thus help to facilitate a process whereby important social and po-litical themes can be discussed and addressed and in doing so young people have an opportunity to cre-ate their own "social world".

The project has five key objectives: •  Participation, •  Active European Citizenship, •  International Co-operation,

•  Training and Informal Learning,•  Information and Promotion.

Some of the outputs were as follows:•  "Round table discussion" at local

and/or national level according to political and social participation and decision making systems.

•  Two training programmes so as to support and enhance quality in project implementation.

•  Web page at national and Euro-pean levels.

•  Competition to promote "best contribution" and "best action project at local level.

•  Competition to promote “write a letter to your representative/decision maker”.

•  Connecting young people with decision makers on local, na-tional and/or European level.

•  Publication of the results of the project.

14

1. Priprave (od 1. 2. 2011 do 31. 7. 2011)

Uvodni sestanek je potekal aprila 2011 v Sloveniji. Srečanja sta se udeležila po dva predstavnika iz vsake sodelujoče organizacije. Na uvodnem sestanku smo se dogovorili o vseh podrobnostih projekta in programu, razdelili naloge projekta in pregledali želene rezultate.

Prvo usposabljanje za mlade voditelje je potekalo v Sloveniji junija 2011. Tema usposabljanja je bila mediji in novi načini komunikacije. Udeleženci so spoznavali veščine novinarstva, in sicer:•  pisanje člankov,•  kje poiskati informacije,•  kako izpeljati intervju,

•  kako uporabljati kamero,•  snemanje in montaža video

prispevkov,•  fotografija,•  promocija ...

Na usposabljanju smo se dotaknili tudi tem, povezanih z mladimi, vključno z delovanjem nevladnih organizacij, zakonodaje, različnih politik ... Cilj je bil izpeljati teoretično in praktično usposabljanje za udeležence na področjih in temah, ki jih bodo potrebovali za izpeljavo nadaljnjih aktivnosti projekta z drugimi mladimi.

Nadaljnje aktivnosti so bile usmer-jene v to, da so udeleženci prevzeli lastništvo nad projektom in ga razvijali naprej po svojih idejah skupaj z drugimi mladimi iz svoje skupnosti.

Koraki projekta

15

"Kick off" (planning) was a meet-ing where representatives of all partner organisations (6 representa-tives, 2 from each country) meet in Slovenia (April) to finalise project including programme, tasks, out-comes and roles and responsibilities.

training 1 for Young Leaders, held in Slovenia in June. The theme of the training was media and different ways of communication. Participants were introduced to journalistic skills:•  How to write an article, •  How to get the information, •  How to carry out an interview, •  How to use a camera, •  Make a video, •  Photography, •  Promotion

The training had also address youth-related themes including or-ganisation, legislation, policy, etc...

The aim was to run a (practical and theoretical) training for participants on the topics which will be required to support the implementation of the remainder of the project with other youngsters.

Follow-up Meetings will enable par-ticipants to "take stock" and plan ahead for the next stage of the project including work with the oth-er youngsters from their community.

1. Preparation phase (from 1.2.2011 to 31.7.2011)

Project steps

16

drugo usposabljanje je bilo namenjeno mladim med 13. in 17. letom in je potekalo v Litvi avgusta 2011. Tema usposabljanja je bila komunikacija in vključevanje v skupnost. Govorili smo o temah:•  organizacija kampanj,•  ulični marketing,•  lobiranje,•  pridobivanje finančnih sredstev.

Cilj je bil udeležence pripraviti na izvajanje praktičnih nalog projekta. Delo je bilo usmerjeno v glavne naloge, in sicer:•  vzpostaviti stik z odločevalci,•  prevzeti vlogo lokalnih aktivistov

v projektu, •  udeleženci dokumentirajo svojo

aktivnost in jo prek fotografij, člankov in video posnetkov objavljajo na spletni strani.

vzpostavitev stikov z odločevalci so mladi dosegli s pomočjo javnega pisma odločevalcem na vročo temo. Mlade smo želeli spodbuditi, da raziščejo vključenost in stališča odločevalcev glede na tematiko, ki se jim zdi problematična.

Vsak partner v projektu je na lokalnem nivoju organiziral okroglo mizo z odločevalci, ki je mladim ponudila možnost neposrednega stika in dialoga z odločevalci.

Oba programa usposabljanj sta mlade pripravila na vlogo lokalnih

aktivistov v projektu. Mladi naj bi naslavljali in propagirali mladinsko politiko v njihovem lokalnem okolju, kar naj bi vključevalo tudi srečanja z lokalnimi odločevalci, pripravo

kampanj v lokalnem okolju in stik z drugimi mladimi. Mladi naj bi dokumentirali svoje delo in ga objavljali na za to določeni spletni strani. Mladi se naj bi se v fazi projekta soočili tudi z vsemi fazami projektnega dela – od načrtovanja, pridobivanja sredstev (dodatni razpisi) pa do izvedbe.

V projektu smo želeli izvesti tekmovanje za najboljše prispevke oziroma najboljši članek, video prispevek, fotografijo ... Podeliti smo želeli tudi nagrado za najboljši

projekt vključevanja mladih. Posebej smo se odločili nagraditi tudi pisma mladih odločevalcem. Namen je bil spodbuditi mlade k ustvarjanju prispevkov na način, ki jim je najbližji,

da se lahko čimbolj prosto izražajo. Za najboljše prispevke mladih smo po posameznih državah posebej razpisali nagrade in jih tudi podelili.

2. Realizacija projekta in aktivnosti (od 1. 8. 2011 do 29. 2. 2012)

17

training 2 was aimed at young peo-ple aged between 13 and 17 and had taken place in Lithuania in August 2011. The theme of the training was how to communicate and engage with the adult community, decision makers, public representatives, gen-eral public and other young people.

More specifically, four topics will be addressed: •  Campaigning.•  Street marketing.•  Lobbying.•  Funding.

The aim was to prepare participants for practical work according to the project’s activities.

Practical work was orientated to-wards main tasks: •  To make contact with a "decision

maker" or decision makers.

•  To take up the role of "activist" in the Local Action Project.

•  Participants will document their involvement and development of the project through upload-ing to designated web pages (articles, videos, photos, etc).

engaging with decision makers involved penning a letter to a pub-lic representative/decision maker regarding a "burning issue". The purpose of this was to encourage participants to "research" the work of the public representative with re-

sponsibility for the "burning issue" – this had allowed the participants to write with purpose and meaning and in doing so hold the public rep-resentative to account in an effort to address an underlying social and/or political theme.

competition: There will be a reward for best contribution, be that news-paper article, video, photo etc. There will also be a reward for local action project which forms part of commu-nity activism. The aim is to acknowl-edge participants that not only ex-press their talents and opinions but to get to know different social/politi-cal topics and become more active in their community.

round tables: Each partner organ-ised at least one "round table" at lo-cal and/or national level which will provide participants with an oppor-tunity to engage with local decision makers in a dialogue around issues that are important to them.

community activism: Both train-ing programmes will support par-ticipants for their role as Community Activist through their local action project. Activists will address and/or promote youth policy in their lo-cal area which will include meetings with decision makers/public repre-sentatives and a street campaign or campaigns with other young peo-ple. Participants will document their work on the designated web space set up for the project. Participants will "try out" all the following in an effort experience community activ-ism: campaigning, street marketing, lobbying and applying for funding.

2. Realisation and Activity Phase(from 1.8.2011 to 29.2.2012)

18

V tretji fazi je sledila objava prispevkov na spletnih straneh in polno delovanje spletnih portalov. Hkrati smo prevajali prispevke v različne jezike projekta po presoji lokalnih partnerjev. Partnerji smo si

delili prispevke iz različnih držav po svojih spletnih straneh.

Rezultate projekta smo združili v publikaciji, ki je pred vami in je mišljena kot bilten celotnega

projekta. Vključenih je nekaj dobrih praks sorodnih projektov, ki so jih izvajali naši partnerji in tema reprezentativne demokracije v državah partnericah projekta.

V tej fazi projekta smo izvedli tudi evalvacijska srečanja po posameznih partnerjih projekta, nato na ravni države in kasneje tudi skupno evalvacijsko srečanje.

3. Faza ugotavljanja rezultatov in evalvacija projekta (od 1. 3. 2012 do 31. 5. 2012)

19

results of the competition: "Best products" were be acknowledged and posted on designated web pages.

Publication: The results of the project were collected in a com-mon publication. The publication includes themes about the con-cepts of representative democracy and active citizenship. It will also include good practice regarding ac-tive participation and cooperation between young people and deci-sion makers, relevant topics from both training programmes, the re-sults of round tables, best articles and letters and participant’s opin-ion about the project and other relevant information related to the Project. There will also be a contrast and comparison between countries regarding different practice.

evaluation meeting was in each country at the beginning of third phase. At the end we had evaluation meeting with all partners.

3. Results and evaluation Phase (from 1.3.2012 to 31.5.2012)

20

UrniK/timeLine

Kosilo / Lunch

PrihodiArrivals

Spoznavanje, gradnja skupine

Teambuilding

Metode mladinske

participacijeMethods of youth

participation

Članki in prispevkiArticles

29. 6. 30. 6. 1. 7. 2. 7.

Dobre prakseGood practices

Razvoj politikPolicy

developmentTrženje in promocija

mladinskega dela

Marketing and promotion in youth work

Demokratični procesi in postopki

sprejemanja odločitevDecision making

processes, democratic processes

Aktivna participacija

mladihActive youth participation

LobiranjeLobbying

Uporaba videaVideo

Večerja / Dinner

Prvo usposabljanje je potekalo od 29. junija do 5. julija 2011 na Kovku nad Ajdovščino v Sloveniji. Taborniška koča na Kovku je locirana približno 15 km nad Ajdovščino. Lokacija je bila odlična in nam je nudila veliko možnosti za izvedbo programa, hkrati pa smo bili dokaj izolirani od motečih elementov v okolici. Bili smo sredi narave, kar je spodbudilo našo kreativnost. Del programa smo izvedli tudi v Hiši mladih v Ajdovščini. V času našega usposabljanja je tam potekal sestanek Komisije Mladinskega sveta Slovenije za mladinske politike. To je bila enkratna priložnost, da smo udeležence spravili v stik z najbolj informiranimi posamezniki na področju različnih politik, ki vplivajo na mlade, v mladinskem sektorju.

Glavni namen usposabljanja je bil pripraviti lokalne skupine za njihovo pomembno delo na projektu. Udeleženci so spoznavali demokratične procese posameznih držav. Spoznavali so se s tem, kako lahko na odločitve najbolje in najlažje vplivajo. Udeleženci so se na tem usposabljanju spoznavali z

Prvo usposabljanje: Usposabljanje za promotorje projekta Little People, Big Ideas!

osnovami novinarstva in poročanja. Spoznavali so osnove mentorstva, saj naj bi udeleženci tega srečanja prevzemali tudi mentorske vloge v svojem lokalnem okolju.

Cilji usposabljanja so bili:•  vzpostavitev mreže

med udeleženci,•  udeleženci se

spoznajo z različnimi demokratičnimi procesi,

•  udeleženci se spoznajo s procesi sprejemanja odločitev,

•  udeleženci se spoznajo z razvojem posameznega programskega dokumenta oziroma posameznih politik,

•  udeleženci se spozanjo s principi mladinskega dela in mladinske politike,

•  udeleženci razvijajo osnovne novinarske veščine,

•  udeleženci pridobijo

Projektne aktivnosti

osnovna znanja s področja marketinga, promocije in orodij, ki so na voljo,

•  udeleženci pridobijo nekaj veščin mentorstva.

21

Praktično deloPractical work

MentorstvoMentoring skills

OdhodiDepartures

3. 7. 4. 7. 5. 7.

MreženjeNetworking

Praktično deloPractical work

VrednotenjeEvaluation

UrniK/timeLine

Kosilo / Lunch

Večerja / Dinner

First training happened from 29th of June to 5th of July 2011 in Kovk in Slovenia. House located 15 km up the hill from town of Ajdovščina be-longs to local scout group. It was a great place in the middle of the na-

Training no1: Training for LPBI promoters and activists

ture where we had enough peace to work on our creative programme. We spent some part of our programme also in town of Ajdovščina (House of youth) where we joined as report-ers to the meeting of committee for youth policies from National youth council of Slovenia. It was a great op-portunity to get in touch with prime resource persons from youth sector in Slovenia.

Main purpose of the training was to prepare national teams of partici-pants to be a valuable part of the project. Participants were getting to know decision making processes of all participating counties. Par-ticipants had to get familiar also on how to influence on decision made by decision makers. Participants were also be reporting about proc-esses during the project so they will get in touch with basic journalism skills. Senior participants will also be mentors for junior project par-ticipants back at home and mission of this training was also to equip them with basic mentoring skills.

Aims of the training:•  To establish a network between

the participants.•  Participants get to know demo-

cratic processes.•  Participants get to know decision

making processes and proce-dures.

•  Participants know how to de-velop policies.

•  Participant get to know princi-ples of youth involvement and youth work.

•  Participants develop basic jour-nalism skills.

•  Participants get to know basics about marketing and promotion principles and tools.

•  Participants get some basic men-toring skills.

Project activities

22

23

24

25

26

"Naučila sem se, da je uporaba enega jezika v tako raznoliki skupini kar izziv. Na usposabljanju sem zagotovo napredovala pri pisanju člankov in prispevkov, rokovanju s kamero in montaži video posnetkov. Zame je pridobljeno znanje zelo koristno, še posebno poznavanje razlik demokratičnih sistemov v Sloveniji in na Severnem Irskem."

"I learned that using the same lan-guage was quite a challenge. I definite-ly improved in writing articles, filming and making movies. For me it was very useful to know about youth policies in Slovenia and Northern Ireland."

Evelina Revuckaitė Litva/ Lithuania

"To je bila zame prva mednarodna izkušnja, pravzaprav prva izkušnja mladinskega projekta. Vsekakor bom v prihodnje bolj vključena. Komunikacija je bila velik izziv, še posebno zaradi našega narečja. Naučili smo se, da moramo govoriti počasi in razločno. Uživala sem pri delu v skupini in izvajanju aktivnosti na usposabljanju."

"This was for me one of the first projects like this for young people. For sure I will be more involved in the future. Communication was really a challenge especially our native slang. We have to learn to slow down. I really enjoyed a lot of teamwork and activi-ties here."

Caoimhe McAnenny Severna Irska/Northern Ireland

"Po usposabljanju se počutim popolnoma sposobnega posneti in zmontirati lasten video prispevek. Resnično mi je bila všeč tudi tema o procesih odločanja v posameznih državah. Čeprav živimo v skupni Evropi, nisem imel jasne slike o tem, kako se odločamo pri nas – kaj šele drugje."

"After training I feel really confident being able to produce my own movie article, completely on my own without help of mentors. I really liked session about decision making processes. Al-though living in Europe I never had a clear picture how political decisions are made even in my own country."

Daniel McCrisken Severna Irska/Northern Ireland

Izjave / Statements

27

"Pristop tu je bil zame kar precej drugačen. Kulturne razlike so bile zelo velike, saj so udeleženci prihajali iz treh držav in iz različnih delov Evrope. Udeleženci so bili pripravljeni trdo delati, da smo presegli vse ovire. Nikoli prej nisem delala intervjujev in tudi ne člankov za časopis. Čeprav mi pisanje besedil ni tuje, je bila to nova odlična priložnost za pridobitev novih znanj."

"Approach here was really different for me. Cultural differences were really big on this training as participants were from 3 different parts of Europe. People were prepared to work in team so we came across every obstacle. I never did interviews by myself neither written an article although I wrote many other types of texts, so this was a great opportunity."

Jelena Bubanja Srbija/Serbia

"Dosegla sem svoj osebni cilj udeležbe na usposabljanju. Dobila sem nova znanja s področja medijev. Uživala sem v praktičnem pristopu na usposabljanju, bili smo resnično zelo aktivni. Mogoče bi prihodnjič več časa namenila spoznavanju slovenske kulture in zgodovine. Ampak verjetno bodo še druge priložnosti. Upam!"

"I reached my personal goals to gain more knowledge about media skills on this training. I really enjoyed prac-tical approach to learning; we were really active in the training. Maybe we could have more time to get to know Slovenian culture but there will be other possibilities I hope."

Renata Jurkonytė Litva/Lithuania

"Na usposabljanju sem pridobila uporabna znanja s področja ustvarjanja video prispevkov. Trener, ki je vodil usposabljanje, je imel res odličen občutek za delo z mladimi ter za skupinsko delo in je več kot odlično poznal svoje področje, tako da sta mi bila učenje novih veščin in praktično delo v užitek. Poleg tega smo si udeleženci iz treh različnih držav izmenjali izkušnje in prakse glede glavnih problematik mladih, predvsem glede izobraževanja in zaposlovanja mladih."

"On the training I gain useful knowl-edge for making video articles. Trainer, conducting workshops, had really great feeling for work with young people and teamwork. He knew his field of work re-ally good. Practical work and learning new skills was really fun. We also ex-changed a lot of experiences and good practices on the problems youth in facing in different countries, especially youth unemployment and education."

Ana Tomšič Slovenija/Slovenia

28

Video projekti, ki so nastali med usposabljanjem udeležencev

teambuilding mixUdeleženci so prejeli kamere in posneli svoje aktivnosti skozi uvodna spoznavanja. Poleg ostalega je šlo tudi za njihov prvi stik s kamero. Zmontirali so kratek film, ki prikazuje razvoj timske dinamike.

Like change now Udeleženci govorijo o tem, kakšno spremembo bi si zaželeli, da bi naredili boljši svet. Pri tem obravnavajo teme, kot so mobilnost mladih, vključevanje v družbo, klimatske spremembe, stereotipi ...

mešanica intervjujev Video prispevek je mešanica intervjujev z udeleženci o projektu. Mladi iz različnih delov Evrope

nam prikažejo svoj pogled na teme, ki v današnjem času težijo mlade: stanovanjska problematika, zaposlovanje, izobraževanje ...

Zaposlovanje mladihKratek film o pomembnosti in o možnostih zaposlovanja za ranljive skupine, kot so mladi.

stanovanjska problematikaKratek film o stanovanjski problema-tiki, ki promovira sodelovanje mladih pri reševanju stanovanjskega problema s sporočilom: "Skupaj za boljšo prihodnost!".

Zgodba malega človekaKratek film, ki predstavi pomen formalne izo-brazbe in tudi nefor-

malnega učenja mla-dih. Film je narejen v stripovski tehniki in predstavlja dober primer kreativnega izražanja.

izobraževanjeKratek film, ki predstavlja sistem izobraževanja v Slove-niji. Popestren je z intervjuji slovenskih mladinskih delavcev.

Zaposlovanje mladih, drugič Film v obliki prispevka televizijskih poročil, ki predstavlja stanje na področju zaposlovanja mladih.

stanovanjska problematika, drugič Film v obliki televizijskega prispevka s področja stanovanjske problematike v Sloveniji.

vsi filmi so dostopni na www.politikajekul.si.

29

Video project done by LPBI participants during the first training

team building mixParticipants were given a video cam-era to record their team building ses-sion. Among other things, it is their first hands-on experience behind the camera! The product is a short video of their team-building session (2-5 minutes in length, edited by the organisers). Funny, engaging, great team dynamics...

Like change howYoung “Little People, Big Ideas!” pro-moters talk about what they like and what they would change to make the world a better place! If you are interested in issues such as youth mobility, civic participation, climate change, stereotypes...

mix example interviewsVideo is a short series of interviews with participants in the project. Young people from different parts of Europe, give their personal views on issues that affect today's youth: housing problems, youth employ-ment, education…

employment - final movieThis is a short 2 minute video ex-plaining the importance of youth employment for vulnerable groups such as youth. The video is pro-duced by young “Little People, Big Ideas!” promoters, participants in the project.

Final news employmentThis is a short news video on youth employment.

housingYoung “Little People, Big Ideas!” promoters stress the importance of cooperation through a short 2 minute video. The main message is "Let’s work together to create a better future"!

the little guy storyThis is an educational video about the im-portance of formal and non formal education for youth. Great exam-ple of expressing ideas through creativity (us-ing art comic drawing and video as tools to get a message across)!

education news video“Little People, Big Ide-as!” participants, cre-ated a short news video about the youth educa-tion system in Slovenia. See what Slovenian youth representatives have to say about their educational system!

news report housingA remarkable news report on the topic of youth housing in Slovenia. If you are interested in this issue and want to learn more about the youth housing situation in Slovenia have a look at this video!

all videos can be found on web page www.politikajekul.si.

30

Drugo usposabljanje: Usposabljanje lokalnih aktivistov

Drugo usposabljanje je potekalo med 11. in 16. avgustom 2011 v zgodovinskem mestu Trakai v Litvi. Bivali smo v prostorih Litvanske policijske akademije v regiji Galve, ki se tako imenuje po bližnjem jezeru. To je bilo mirno okolje sredi narave, kjer smo se ponovno lahko popolnoma prepustili programu usposabljanja. Ker smo imeli na usposabljanju tudi mladoletne udeležence, je bil kraj izredno primeren tudi zaradi zagotavljanja varnosti.

Glavni namen usposabljanja je bil pripraviti mlade na komunikacijo z drugimi, ki jih bodo srečali pri izvajanju projekta. Kako pristopiti? Kako promovirati lastne ideje? Kako se pogovarjati s ciljnimi skupinami, to so različni odločevalci, drugi mladi, sovrstniki in drugi prebivalci lokalne skupnosti? Omenjenih veščin mladim v današnjem času primanjkuje in tudi zato ne morejo izkoristiti vseh svojih potencialov.

cilji usposabljanja:•  udeleženci spoznajo, kako

pripraviti in izpeljati kampanjo,•  udeleženci pridobijo osnovne

veščine marketinga (pristop, prodaja ideje ...),

•  udeleženci pridobijo osnovne veščine lobiranja in pristopa do

odločevalcev,•  udeleženci pridobijo osnovno

znanje projektnega dela, vključno s pripravo finančnega načrta in pridobivanjem sredstev.

31

Training no2: Training for LPBI promoters and activists

Second training took place from 11th to 16th August 2011 in historic city Trakai in Lithuania. Participants were staying in Police school of Lithuania which is nearby lake area named Galve. This was a nice and peaceful place in the middle of na-ture which enabled us to focus on

prepared training. As participants were teenagers these was also a good place concerning their safety.

Main purpose of this training was to prepare young people to communi-cate with others. How to approach decision makers? How to approach

general public and especially other young people? How to promote your idea? This is a set of skills that young people are lacking nowadays and because of it they cannot use all of their potentials.

general aims of the training:•  Participants get to know how to

organise and prepare a campaign.•  Participants get some basic skills

on street marketing (approach-ing others, selling your idea...).

•  Participants get some basic skills on lobbying and approaching decision makers.

•  Participants get some basic skills to prepare project budget and how to approach possible founders.

32

"To sicer ni bilo moje prvo mednarodno usposabljanje, ampak sem se vseeno naučila veliko o dveh novih kulturah. Nisem verjela v mit o irskem narečju, na usposabljanju pa sem spoznala, da popolnoma drži. Prav nič jih ne moreš razumeti. :)"

"It was not my fist international expe-rience but I learned a lot about two new cultures again. I didn't believe the myth that Northern Irish can have so strange dialect and during training I realized that is true. You just cannot understand them. :)"

Agnė Baleišytė Litva/ Lithuania

"Naučil sem se veliko stvari. Najboljši del zame je bil del o marketingu in novih načinih pristopa do ljudi. Dobil sem veliko znanja glede uporabe kamere. Na usposabljanju sem jo v rokah držal prvič, danes pa mislim, da sem sposoben brez pomoči posneti, zmontirati in objaviti kratek film na internetu. Bil je zelo zanimiv teden, mogoče na trenutke celo preveč intenziven. Prihodnjič bi si želel malo več časa za zabavo."

"I learned a lot of things, my favourite part was about marketing and finding new channels to approach to people. I received a lot of skills of handling the camera, I was holding camera in my hands for a first time and today I think I can publish my own movie to the In-ternet. It was pretty entertaining week, maybe a bit too intensive so next time more space for fun."

Kazimieras Mikelevičius Litva/ Lithuania

"Udeležila sem se obeh usposabljanj. Na prvem sem se naučila nekaj več o rokovanju s kamero in montaži kratkih filmov, na drugem pa sem pridobila veliko novega znanja o marketinškem pristopu. Tukaj smo dobili znanje o tem, kako izpeljati kampanjo in kateri so pomembni koraki v kampanji. Izvedeli smo male skrivnosti in tudi to, kako pridobiti denar za izvedbo projekta."

"I was participant on both trainings. When on first one I learned more about filming and making movies on this training I really got a lot of new knowledge on marketing approach-es. Here we discovered how to plan a campaign. What are important steps? Which are small secrets and how to found money for it? "

Ruth Smyth Severna Irska/Northern Ireland

Izjave / Statements

33

"Moja prva misel o sodelovanju v projektu je bila, da bomo sodelovali v debatah in spoznavali načine izražanja v pogovorih in bolj uradnih zadevah. Vendar sem bila zelo presenečena! Naučila sem se veliko koristnih stvari in spoznala tudi veliko o sebi. Učili smo se napisati uradno pismo (do sedaj sem se to učila v šoli, vendar nisem vedela, da je to lahko zelo zahtevno, hehe), snemali smo video prispevke (preživljanje prostega časa mladih) in na ta način predstavljali naš odnos do družbe, spoznavali smo tudi probleme mladih. Kot goste so nas tudi popeljali po mestu, nam razkazali lepote litvanskih jezer, ogledali smo si tudi grad z odličnim razgledom na glavno mesto Vilna. Ne le, da smo pridobili veliko novih prijateljev, s katerimi smo še danes v stiku, tudi preizkusili smo se v znanju tujih jezikov in se

Špela Benčina Slovenija/Slovenia

naučili nekaj novih izrazov. Sprva sem mislila, da se bomo kot slovenska skupina držali bolj skupaj, vendar smo se odlično razumeli z vsemi in bili med seboj zelo pomešani. Takšni programi so odlični za spoznavanje in odkrivanje za nas sprva nenavadnih navad, vendar hitro ugotoviš, da smo vsi ena velika, pisana družba, ki na koncu razmišlja zelo podobno."

"My first thought going on a project was about cooperating in debates and learning about communication in formal circles. I was really surprised. I learned a lot of useful things and learned a lot about myself. We learned to write a formal letter (we did it in School, but I didn’t realized that it’s so hard.). We recorded video articles (how young people spend free time) and through it we shoved our atti-tude toward society. We got to know

problems that youngsters in other countries are facing. As guest we were taken to the Castle with gorgeous view and capital of Lithuania, Vilnius. We meet a lot of new friends that we are still in contact with. Foreign languages were challenge for us. We learned a lot of new expressions. First I thought that we will stay more in national groups but we were really mixed at the end. This kind of programmes is really good to explore other cultures and habits. You fast realize that we are all alike and we think quite similar."

34

V okviru drugega usposabljanja so nastali tudi mali filmski projekti, ki so objavljeni na spletnih straneh projekta, in sicer:

Projekt o rasizmuUdeleženci so posneli kratek film o rasizmu, kjer mladi Evropejci diskutirajo na temo rasne, jezikovne, kulturne in nacionalne diskriminacije.

Projekt o aktivnostih mladihPrispevek o tem, kako mladi v Evropi preživljajo svoj prosti čas in kaj o prednostih ter slabostih najstniškega življenja menijo mladi Litvanci.

team 3Kratek video prispevek o življenju mladostnikov.

team anaKratek film o problematiki opijanja mladoletnih z alkoholom.

team Bank Kratek film o mladoletniških prestopnikih.

Video projekti, ki so nastali med usposabljanjem udeležencev

35

Video project results done in TRAKAI “Little People, Big Ideas!” 2011 train-ing (Lithuania) Created by the par-ticipants in the project Little People, Big Ideas!.

about racism project“Little People, Big Ideas!” partici-pants created a short video on rac-ism where young Europeans dis-cussed the issue of discrimination on the basis of race, language, culture and nationality.

activities of youngster’s project. Want to know more about teenage life, how they live, what they do? Want to hear what Lithuanians think about the advantages and disadvan-tages of being a teenager? If the an-swer is YES, watch this video!

team 3A short video on teenage life

team anaA video on the disadvantages of un-derage drinking.

team bankA short video on minor delinquency.

Video project done by LPBI participants during the second training

36

37

38

39

40

Udeleženci projekta so pripravili predstavitve. Preučili so državne sisteme svojih držav in jih nato

predstavili ter razložili drugim udeležencem. To vajo smo naredili z namenom, da smo udeležencem

predstavili procese odločanja in razlike med državami.

Severna Irska (Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske)

Parlament Združenega kraljestva je ena od najstarejših demokratičnih institucij na svetu, saj njegovi začetki segajo že v 13. stoletje. Od leta 1341 je dvodomen, kar pomeni, da zakonodajno vejo oblasti sestavljata spodnji in zgornji dom.

the hoUse oF commons (sPodnji dom)

Je demokratično izvoljeno telo, ki ga sestavlja 650 članov (od splošnih volitev leta 2010 dalje), imenovani so člani parlamenta (Members of Parliament – MPs). Člani so izvoljeni po enokrožnem večinskem volilnem sistemu po volilnih okrožjih, ki jih imenujejo volilna enota (constitutiency). Volivci v vsakem volilnem okrožju izvolijo enega člana parlamenta. Njihov mandat

traja največ pet let od zadnjih volitev oziroma do trenutka, ko je parlament razpuščen. Med glavne naloge sodita sprejemanje novih zakonov in nadzor nad delom vlade.

Sprva je imel spodnji dom veliko manj moči kot zgornji dom, a danes njegove zakonodajne pristojnosti močno presegajo pristojnosti zgornjega doma. Parlamentarni zakon iz leta 1911 je zgornjemu domu namreč močno zmanjšal pristojnosti, s katerimi so zavračali večino zakonodajnih predlogov. Še več, vlada o svojem delu poroča predvsem spodnjemu domu, predsednik vlade ostane v pisarni le dokler ima zagotovljeno pomoč spodnjega doma. Skoraj vsi vladni ministri prihajajo iz spodnjega doma in z eno samo izjemo od leta 1902 tudi vsi predsedniki vlade.

the hoUse oF Lords (Zgornji dom aLi LordsKa ZBornica)

Zgornji dom je od spodnjega doma neodvisen, a se pri delu dopolnjujeta. Delita si odgovornosti pri pripravi zakonov in nadzorovanju dela vlade. Predlogi zakonov se lahko predstavijo ali zgornjemu ali spodnjemu domu. Člani lordske zbornice lahko postanejo vladni ministri.

Za razliko od članov spodnjega doma, ki so na svoja mesta izvoljeni, so novi člani zgornjega doma na svoj položaj imenovani. Lordsko zbornico sestavljajo tako imenovani Lords Spiritual – škofje in Lords Temporal – posvetni člani. Trenutno po svoji cerkveni dolžnosti v anglikanski cerkvi v zbornici sedi 26 škofov. Drugi so posvetni člani, med

Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske je parlamentarna demokracija, ki jo vodi monarh. To pomeni, da politični sistem

temelji na ideji, da je parlament najvišji oziroma neodvisni organ, kar pomeni, da je zakonodajna veja oblasti popolnoma suverena

in nad vsemi drugimi vladnimi institucijami, vključno z izvršilno in sodno vejo oblasti.

Parlament Združenega kraljestva

Politični sistemi v sodelujočih državah

41

Presentations were prepared by the participants of the projects. They studied their national system and

presented and explained it to the other participants of the training. This exercise was done to under-

stand the decision making process and differences in each country.

Northern Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

The UK Parliament is one of the old-est democratic institutions in the world. It origins go back to the 13th century. Since 1341, the Parliament has accepted a bicameral nature, developing the two chamber model of legislature:

the hoUse oF commons (Lower hoUse)

It is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members (since the 2010 general election), who are also known as Members of Parlia-ment (MPs). Members are elected through the first-past-the-post sys-tem by electoral districts known as constituencies. Voters elect one MP per constituency. Their tenure is maximum 5 years after the preced-ing elections or until the Parliament

is dissolved. Their main responsibili-ties are passing new laws and con-trolling the work of the government.

The House of Commons was origi-nally far less powerful than the House of Lords, but today its legis-lative powers greatly exceed those of the Lords. Under the Parliament Act 1911, the Lords' power to reject most legislative bills was reduced to a delaying power. Moreover, the Government is primarily responsi-ble to the House of Commons; the prime minister stays in office only as long as he or she retains its support. Almost all government ministers are drawn from the House of Commons and, with one brief exception, all prime ministers since 1902.

the hoUse oF Lords (UPPer hoUse)

The House of Lords is independent from, and complements the work of, the House of Commons; they share responsibility for making laws and checking government action. Bills can be introduced into either the House of Lords or the House of Com-mons and members of the Lords may also take on roles as Govern-ment Ministers.

Unlike the elected House of Com-mons, most new members of the House of Lords are appointed. Mem-bership of the House of Lords is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. There are currently 26 Lords Spiritual who sit in the Lords by virtue of their ecclesiastical role in the established England. The Lords

The United Kingdom is a parliamen-tary democracy with a constitutional monarch. This means that the politi-cal system is based on the idea that

Parliament is supreme, or sovereign, meaning that the legislative body has absolute sovereignty, and is su-preme over all other government

institutions, including the executive or judicial bodies.

The UK Parliament

Political system’s in project countries

42

njimi jih je večina dosmrtnih članov (lifepeer), katerih naslov in pozicija se ne dedujeta, ampak jih imenuje monarh na predlog predsednika vlade ali na predlog Komisije lordske zbornice za imenovanje.

Število članov zgornjega doma ni točno določeno – od 11. junija 2012 ta šteje 775 članov, medtem pa je v spodnjem domu vedno točno določenih 650 članov.

Naloga zgornjega doma je predvsem, da deluje kot telo, ki s posebnim znanjem skrbno in podrobno pregleda predloge zakonov, ki jih je potrdil spodnji dom. Medtem ko zgornji dom ne more enostransko preprečiti, da predlog zakona ne stopi v veljavo (izjemoma v določenih omejenih okoliščinah), pa lahko njegovi člani pri predlogih zakonov, za katere verjamejo, da so neustrezni, močno zavlačujejo, in s tem prisilijo vlado, spodnji dom in širšo javnost, da ponovno premislijo o svoji odločitvi. Tako lordska zbornica deluje kot ustavni zaščitnik, ki je neodvisen od volilnega postopka in ki lahko izpodbija željo prebivalstva, če želje večine ogrožajo glavna ustavna načela, človekove pravice in pravna pravila. V drugih državah to delo pogosto opravlja ali ustavno ali vrhovno sodišče, a sistem Združenega kraljestva bolj kot sodni nadzor poudarja samostojnost parlamenta. To pomeni, da sodni sistem ne more samostojno opravljati svoje funkcije, saj lahko parlament zavrne vse sodne odločbe.

monarh

Tretja veja parlamenta je monarh, ki je uradni predstavnik države – trenutno je to kraljica Elizabeta II. Kraljičine dolžnosti so večinoma povezane s ceremoniali. Njena glavna dolžnost je potrditev zakonov, ki jih predlaga parlament, poznana pod izrazom Royal Asset – uradna kraljeva potrditev novega zakona. Kraljica po splošnih volitvah nagovori nov parlament in potrdi prihodnje volitve. Vsako leto ima

tako imenovan kraljičin govor, v katerem spregovori o načrtih vlade za prihajajoče leto. Najpomembnejša praktična moč je možnost vsakega člana parlamenta, da ustanovi vlado, a monarh vedno sledi pravilu, da je ta priložnost zagotovljena le predsedniku politične stranke z največjim številom sedežev v spodnjem domu.

Britanski parlament domuje v Westminstrski palači v Londonu. Njegove naloge so:•  priprava novih zakonov,•  zagotavljanje finančnih sredstev

za nadaljnje delo vlade z glasovanjem za obdavčitev,

•  varovanje javnosti in zaščita pravice posameznika,

•  podroben nadzor vladne politike in njeno delovanje,

•  pregled predlogov zakonov Evropske unije, preden ti stopijo v veljavo,

•  odločanje o pravnih primerih v spodnjem domu, ki je najvišje sodišče v Združenem kraljestvu,

•  vsakodnevno razpravljanje o poglavitnih problemih.

Kakorkoli, parlament Združenega kraljestva ni edina institucija, ki odloča o urejenosti družbe. Zaradi specifike obravnavanih vprašanj morajo biti posamezne odločitve sprejete na lokalni ravni, spet druge potrebujejo širše regionalno ali evropsko stališče. Nesmiselno bi bilo, če bi isti posamezniki sprejemali čisto vse odločitve. Ni smiselno pričakovati, da bo parlament odločal, kje postaviti prehod za pešce z zebro v lokalnih skupnostih, prav tako ni smiselno pričakovati, da se lokalni svetnik odloči, ali bo šlo Združeno Kraljestvo v vojno ali ne.

vPrašanje se torej gLasi, Kaj Kdo Počne in o čem Kdo odLoča v ZdrUženem KraLjestvU

Lokalni sveti, vključno z lokalnimi skupnostmi in mestnimi sveti, v Angliji odločajo o zadevah, ki se tičejo lokalnega območja.

Narodna skupščina za Wales in valižanska skupščinska vlada lahko razvijata in izvajata obstoječe zakone.

Skupščina Severne Irske in uprava skupščine Severne Irske lahko sprejemata odločitve in zakone o Severni Irski, a o posameznih vprašanjih še vedno odloča parlament Združenega kraljestva.

Škotski parlament in škotska uprava sprejemata odločitve in zakone za Škotsko, a o posameznih vprašanjih še vedno odloča parlament Združenega kraljestva.

Britanski parlament in vlada sprejemata odločitve za celotno Združeno kraljestvo. Na škotski parlament, narodno skupščino za Wales in skupščino Severne Irske so bile prenesene pravice o odločanju za posamezna vprašanja.

Kot članica Evropske unije je Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske predalo nekaj svojih odločevalnih pravic institucijam EU (Evropskem parlamentu, Svetu ministrov EU, Evropski komisiji in Evropskemu svetu), ki zastopajo interese vseh prebivalcev držav članic Evropske unije.

43

Temporal make up the rest of the membership; of these, the majority are life peers who are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission.

The number of members is not fixed; as of 11 June 2012 the House of Lords has 775 members, unlike the House of Commons, which has a 650-seat fixed membership.

The role of the House of Lords is pri-marily to act as a body of specialist knowledge that scrutinises in greater detail bills that have been approved by the House of Commons. While the House of Lords is unable unilater-ally to prevent bills passing into law (except in certain limited circum-stances), its members can severely delay bills that they believe to be misguided and thereby force the government, the Commons, and the general public to reconsider their de-cisions. In this capacity, the Lords acts as constitutional safeguard that is independent from the electoral proc-ess and that can challenge the will of the people when the majority’s de-sires threaten key constitutional prin-ciples, human rights or rules of law. In other countries this role would often be performed by a Constitutional or Supreme Court, but the UK system's emphasis on parliamentary sover-eignty—rather than judicial review—means that this function cannot be properly accomplished by the British court system as all judicial rulings can be overruled by parliament.

the monarch

The third branch of the Parliament is the British Monarch that acts as the formal head of state - currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Queens re-sponsibilities are mostly ceremonial. The Queens main responsibilities are to approve the laws made by parlia-ment, also known as the Royal As-sent. The Queen opens up the new Parliament after a UK general elec-tion and gives her approval for when the next elections should be held.

The Queen also delivers the Queens Speech, which sets out what the Government plans to do each year. The most important practical power is the choice of the Member of Par-liament to form a government, but invariably the Monarch follows the convention that this opportunity is granted to the leader of the politi-cal party with the most seats in the House of Commons.

The UK Parliament is based in the Palace of Westminster in London, England . It is responsible for:•  Making UK laws.•  Providing, by voting for taxation,

the financial means for carrying on the work of the government.

•  Protects the public and safe-guards the rights of the indi-vidual.

•  Looks closely at government policy and actions.

•  Examines European Union proposals before they become the law.

•  Hears legal cases in the House of lords, the highest law court in the UK.

•  Debates the major issues of the day.

However, the UK parliament is not the only institution that makes all the decisions on how the UK society is run. Due to the specificity of the issues in question, some decisions need to be made at a local level and others need a more regional UK wide or European point of view. It wouldn’t make sense for the same people to make all the decisions. You wouldn’t expect the UK Parliament to decide where to put a zebra cross-ing in the local communities nor will you expect the local councillor to decide whether the UK was going to war or not.

so the qUestion is who does what and who decides on what in the UK society?

Local councils, including parish and town councils in England, make de-cisions about services affecting the local area.

The National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Assembly Government can develop and implement existing laws.

The Northern Ireland Assembly and the Executive of the Northern Ire-land Assembly can make decisions and laws about Northern Ireland, although on some issues the UK Par-liament still decides.

The Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Executive make decisions and laws for Scotland, although on some issues the UK Parliament still decides.

The UK Parliament and the UK Gov-ernment make decisions about the UK as a whole. The power to make decisions on some issues has been devolved to the Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales, and Northern Ireland Assembly.

As a member of the EU, the UK has handed over some of its decision making powers to the EU institu-tions (The EU Parliament, The Coun-cil of Ministers, The European Com-mission and the European Council) that represent the interest of all the EU Member States.

44

Skupščina Severne Irske je bila ustanovljena z Velikonočnim sporazumom in je bila na referendumu 22. maja 1998 sprejeta s strani večine prebivalcev Severne Irske. Skupščina je prvič zasedala 1. julija 1999, ko ji je parlament Združenega kraljestva predal pooblastila.

Skupščina je pristojna za sprejemanje odločitev in zakonov za Severno Irsko na sledečih področjih (tako imenovana prenesena vprašanja): •  kmetijstvo,•  stari spomeniki in zgodovinske

zgradbe,•  kultura,•  gospodarski razvoj,•  izobraževanje in usposabljanje,•  okoljevarstvo,•  zdravje in zdravstvene storitve,•  stanovanjska politika,•  industrija,•  lokalna samouprava,•  socialnovarstvene storitve,•  šport in prosti čas, •  turizem,

•  prostorsko načrtovanje,•  prevoz in cestišča,•  obramba pred naraslimi vodami

in poplavami.

A kljub temu obstajajo:•  pridržana vprašanja (policijska

dejavnost in kazensko pravo), za katere mora skupščina dobiti dovoljenje vlade, da lahko o njih odloča,

•  vprašanja kot izjeme (obramba in obdavčitev), ki so pomembna vprašanja za Združeno kraljestvo kot celoto, zato o njih odloča parlament Združenega kraljestva.

Skupščina Severne Irske, škotski parlament in narodna skupščina za Wales so tako imenovane institucije s preneseno močjo odločanja.

Prenos pomeni, da je bila moč odločanja prenešena z ene demokratične institucije na drugo demokratično institucijo.

Člani zakonodajne skupščine (MLAs) so člani skupščine Severne Irske. Gre za 108 članov, ki jih neposredno izvolijo prebivalci Severne Irske.

Člani zakonodajne skupščine izvolijo predsedujočega, imenovanega tudi the Speaker, ki predseduje skupščini. Biti mora nepristranski in mora pravično obravnavati vse politične stranke.

Člani skupščine izvolijo prvega ministra in namestnika prvega ministra, ki morata na volitvah kandidirati skupaj.

Skupščina preda izvršilno oblast izvršilnemu odboru, ki sprejema mnoge vsakodnevne odločitve. Sestavljajo ga prvi minister, namestnik prvega ministra in ministri iz vseh desetih vladnih ministrstev.

Skupščina Severne Irske

45

The Northern Ireland Assembly was established by the Good Fri-day Agreement and endorsed by the majority of people in Northern Ireland in a referendum held on 22 May 1998. The assembly first met on 1 July 1999 when the UK Parliament transferred power to the Assembly.

The Assembly has the power to make decisions and to pass laws about the following issues that af-fect Northern Ireland (also called transferred matters):•  Agriculture,•  Ancient monuments and histori-

cal buildings,•  Culture,•  Economic development,•  Education and training,•  The environment,•  The health and health services,•  Housing,•  Industry,•  Local government,•  Social services,•  Sport and leisure,•  Tourism,

•  Town and country planning,•  Transport and roads,•  Water and flood defence.

However, they are:•  reserved matters (policing

and criminal law) for which the Assembly has to get permission from the UK government to make decisions on these issues.

•  accepted matters (defence and taxation) which are issues important for the UK as a whole, therefore, they are the responsi-bility of the UK Parliament.

The Northern Ireland Assembly, Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales are called de-volved institutions.

Devolution means the power to make decisions has been transferred from one democratic institution to another democratic institution.

MLAs are members of the North-ern Ireland Assembly. They are 108

members which are directly elected by the people in Northern Ireland.

MLAs elect a Presiding officer, also known as the Speaker, who chairs the Assembly. The Speaker is impar-tial and has to treat all of the political parties fairly.

The assembly elects a First Minister and a Deputy First minister. They have to stand for election jointly.

The Assembly gives executive power to an Executive Committee which makes many of the Assembly's day to day decisions. It is made up of the First Minister, Deputy First minister along with a minister from the each of the 10 government departments.

The Northern Ireland Assembly

46

Litva

Ustava iz leta 1992 odraža institucije in izkušnje Združenih držav Amerike, Francije in Nemčije, kot da bi bile del litvanske tradicije. Prav tako vsebuje jamstvo mreže socialne varnosti, podedovane od Sovjetske zveze. V uvodnih določbah ustava ne le poudarja visoko vrednost demokracije, ampak tudi zagovarja pravico do obrambe v primeru nasilnega poskusa poseganja v ali strmoglavljenja

državne neodvisnosti, ozemeljske celovitosti ali ustavnega sistema. V ustavi so zapisane osnovne človekove pravice in demokratične vrednote, vključno s svobodo misli, vere in vesti, pravnim osebam pa ustava zagotavlja versko denominacijo in v javnih šolah dovoli poučevanje verskih naukov. Poleg osebnih, političnih in verskih pravic zagotavlja tudi socialne pravice. Slednje zagotavljajo brezplačno zdravstveno pomoč,

starostne pokojnine, nadomestilo za brezposelnost ter pomoč družinam in otrokom.

Moč odločanja je v rokah zakonodajne in izvršilne oblasti. Neodvisno sodstvo tolmači ustavo in pristojnosti zakonodajne in izvršilne oblasti ter ima vlogo arbitra, če med slednjima pride do spora.

Demokratični proces v Litvi

Ustava

Odkar je Litva 11. marca 1990 razglasila svojo neodvisnost, ohranja močno demokratično tradicijo. Še istega dne je litvanski parlament potrdil začasno ustavo, ki je bila

potrjena na referendumu 25. oktobra 1992. Ustava predstavlja temelj za demokratični proces v državi, ki deluje v obliki parlamentarne reprezentativne demokratične

republike. Na tem mestu predstavljamo strukturo upravnih teles in politični sistem v Litvi.

Parlament (Seimas) ima 141 članov. 70 jih je izvoljenih s strankarskih list na podlagi sorazmerne zastopanosti, 71 pa po en iz vsake volilne enote. Politična stranka mora na volitvah dobiti vsaj štiri odstotke glasov, da izpolni pogoj na

podlagi sorazmerne zastopanosti in postane parlamentarna stranka. Volitve potekajo na štiri leta. Parlament mora potrditi predsednika vlade in njegovo vlado ter program. Prav tako lahko prisili vlado k odstopu, če dvakrat zapored

zavrne njen program ali če večina poslancev na tajnem glasovanju izrazi nezaupanje.

Zakonodajna oblast

moč odLočanja

ZaKonodajna oBLast

Parlament (Seimas)

iZvršiLna oBLast

Predsednik države

sodna oBLast

Ustavno sodišče, vrhovno sodišče,

pritožbeno sodišče in upravna sodišča

Predsednik vlade in njegov kabinet

Lokalna samouprava

47

Lithuania

The Constitution of 1992 reflects the institutions and experiences of the United States, France, and Ger-many as integrated into Lithuanian tradition. It also incorporates guar-antees of a social safety network inherited from the Soviet Union. In its introductory provisions, the document not only places a high value on democracy but also as-serts the right of defence against attempts by force to encroach upon or overthrow state independence,

territorial integrity, or the constitu-tional system. Fundamental human rights and democratic values, in-cluding freedom of thought, faith, and conscience, are enshrined in the Constitution, which also guar-antees the status of legal person to religious denominations and allows religious teaching in public schools. In addition to personal, political, and religious rights, the Constitution se-cures social rights. As already noted, these include free medical care, old-

age pensions, unemployment com-pensation, and support for families and children.

The power to govern is divided be-tween the legislative and executive branches, with an independent ju-diciary acting as interpreter of the Constitution and of the branches' ju-risdictions, as well as arbiter of con-flicts between them.

Democratic process in Lithuania

The constitution

Since Lithuania re-established inde-pendence on March 11, 1990, it kept strong democratic traditions. On the same day its Parliament adopted a provisional constitution, called the

"Provisional Basic Law", which was approved in a referendum on Octo-ber 25, 1992. The Constitution estab-lished a framework for democratic process in Lithuania, which takes

place in the form of parliamentary representative democratic republic. This article intends to describe the structure of governing bodies and the political system in Lithuania.

The Parliament (the Seimas) consists of 141 members, seventy elected from party lists on the basis of pro-portional representation and seven-ty-one from single-member districts. To be seated in the Seimas on the basis of proportional representa-

tion, a party must receive at least 4 percent of the votes cast. The legis-lature is elected for four years. The Parliament must approve the Prime Minister, as well as his or her Gov-ernment and program. It also may force the Government's resignation

by rejecting twice in sequence its program or by expressing no confi-dence by a majority of legislators in secret ballot.

Legislative branch

the Power to govern

Legistative Branch

Parliament (Seimas)

eXecUtive Branch

President

jUdiciaL Branch

The Constitutional Court, The Supreme

Court, Court of Appeals and administrative

courts

Prime Minister and the Cabinet

Local Govenment

48

PredsedniK države

Predsednika države neposredno izvolijo državljani za obdobje petih let. Svojo funkcijo lahko opravlja največ dva mandata zapored. Kandidati morajo biti stari najmanj 40 let. Da je kandidat lahko izvoljen že v prvem krogu, se mora volitev udeležiti najmanj 50 odstotkov prebivalcev, kandidat pa mora prejeti več kot polovico vseh glasov. Če se volitev udeleži manj kot 50 odstotkov prebivalcev, zmaga tisti, za katerega je glasovala večina, razen v primeru, če le-ta predstavlja manj kot eno tretjino vseh glasov. Če v prvem krogu ni izvoljen noben kandidat, čez dva tedna sledi še drugi krog volitev, v katerem nastopita kandidata, ki sta v prvem krogu prejela največ glasov. Zmaga tisti, ki prejme več glasov.

Predsednik države je vodja države, kljub temu pa ni vodja izvršilne oblasti. Bolj natančno povedano, predsednik države lahko nadzoruje delo zakonodajne veje oblasti in če je potrebno, izrazi veto na zakonodajo, ki jo je le-ta sprejela. Običajno zakoni ne morejo biti razglašeni brez predsednikovega podpisa. Predsednikov veto je lahko preglasovan, a le z absolutno večino članov parlamenta. Predsednik države lahko razpusti parlament, če ta ne potrdi vladnega proračuna v 60 dneh ali če neposredno izglasuje nezaupnico vladi. A naslednji izvoljeni parlament se lahko "maščuje" in pozove na zgodnejše predsedniške volitve.

Predsednik države izbere predsednika vlade (ki ga potrdi tudi parlament), potrdi ministrske kandidate in imenuje vrhovnega poveljnika državne vojske – s

potrditvijo zakonodajne veje oblasti. Odloča o osnovnih zunanjepolitičnih vprašanjih, lahko podeli vojaške in diplomatske čine, imenuje diplomate brez potrditve zakonodajne veje oblasti in izda uredbe, ki so predmet zakonodajne pravice, in lahko kasneje ovržejo posamezno uredbo z zakonodajnim ukrepom.

Predsednik države ima velik vpliv na sodno vejo oblasti. Ima pravico, da imenuje (in parlament potrdi) tri sodnike ustavnega sodišča in vse sodnike vrhovnega sodišča. S potrditvijo zakonodajne veje oblasti imenuje sodnike pritožbenih sodišč. Pri imenovanju ali premestitvi sodnikov okrajnih, okrožnih in posebnih sodišč pa zakonodajna potrditev ni potrebna.

PredsedniK vLade in njegov KaBinet

Vlado Republike Litve sestavljajo predsednik vlade in 14 ministrov. Predsednik vlade je vodja vladnega kabineta. Imenuje ga predsednik države in potrdi parlament. V 15 dneh po imenovanju mora izbrati vseh 14 ministrov, ki jih potrdi predsednik države. Predsednik vlade skrbi za notranje zadeve, državno varnost, izvršuje zakone in resolucije parlamenta ter uredbe predsednika države, vzdržuje diplomatske odnose s tujimi državami in mednarodnimi organizacijami ter skrbi za ostale dolžnosti, zapisane v ustavi.

LoKaLna samoUPrava

Lokalna samouprava v Litvi je organizirana na podlagi a d m i n i s t r a t i v n o - t e r i t o r i a l n e razdelitve države. 60 občin sestavlja lokalno samoupravo, ki jih zastopajo občinski sveti, neposredno izvoljeni

s strani lokalnega prebivalstva za obdobje treh let. Župane, ki vodijo občine, izvolijo občinski sveti, katerih člani so voljeni na splošnih volitvah po sorazmernem volilnem sistemu strankarskih list. Na predlog župana občinski svet imenuje izvršnega direktorja.

Občinske naloge bi lahko razdelili v štiri kategorije (neodvisne, pooblaščene, delegirane in pogodbene naloge) in našteli številne dejavnosti, ki so neposredno povezane z lokalnim gospodarskim razvojem. Med neodvisne naloge sodijo usposabljanja in prekvalifikacije delovne sile, turistični razvoj in pospeševanje podjetništva, med pooblaščene naloge sodijo načrtovanje infrastrukture, družbeni in gospodarski razvoj, priprava razvojnih dejavnosti in programov turističnega razvoja ter sodelovanje pri uresničevanju programov za regijski razvoj, med delegirane naloge pa sodijo načrtovanje in izvajanje ukrepov za politiko trga dela in zaposljivost prebivalcev. Obstaja veliko načinov, kako se občine lahko vključijo v lokalni gospodarski razvoj: s celovitim in razvojnim načrtovanjem sektorja ter prostorom za izvajanje posebej oblikovanih razvojnih programov in dejavnosti, ki sodijo na to področje.

Izvršilna oblast

49

the President

The President is elected directly by the people for a term of five years and a maximum of two consecutive terms. Candidates must be at least forty years old. To be elected in the first round, 50 percent of the voters must participate and a candidate must receive more than half of the total votes cast. If 50 percent of the voters do not participate, a plurality wins the presidency unless it consti-tutes less than one-third of the total vote. If the first round does not pro-duce a president, a second round is held within two weeks between the two top candidates. A plurality vote is sufficient to win.

The President is the head of state. However, he or she is not, strictly speaking, the chief of the executive branch or the chief administrator. To be more precise, the President may check the powers of the legislature if needed by vetoing legislation, both ordinary and constitutional, passed by the legislature. Normally, laws are not promulgated without the signa-ture of the President. A presidential veto can be overridden, but only by an absolute majority of the Seimas membership. The President can also dissolve the Parliament if it refuses to approve the Government's budg-et within sixty days or if it directly votes no confidence in the Govern-ment. However, the next elected Parliament may retaliate by calling for an earlier presidential election.

The President also selects the Prime Minister (with the approval of the Seimas), approves ministerial candi-dates, and appoints the Commander in Chief of the armed forces - with legislative confirmation. The Presi-dent resolves basic foreign policy issues and can confer military and diplomatic ranks, appoint diplomats

without legislative approval, and is-sue decrees subject to the legisla-ture's right to later overturn a decree by legislative action.

Finally, the President has consider-able powers to influence the judicial branch. The President has the right to nominate (and the Seimas to ap-prove the nomination of ) three jus-tices to the Constitutional Court and all justices to the Supreme Court. The President also appoints, with legisla-tive approval, judges of the Court of Appeals. However, legislative con-firmation is not required for the ap-pointment or transfer of judges in local, district, and special courts.

the Prime minister and the caBinet

The Government of the Republic of Lithuania consists of the Prime Minister and 14 Ministers. The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet, appointed by the President and ap-proved by the Seimas. The Prime Minister, within 15 days of being appointed, is responsible for choos-ing Ministers for the President to approve to each of the 14 Ministries. In general, the Prime Minister is in charge of the affairs of the country, maintains homeland security, car-ries out laws and resolutions of the Seimas and decrees of the President, maintains diplomatic relations with foreign countries and international organizations, and performs other duties specified in the Constitution.

LocaL government

Local self-government in Lithuania is organized on the basis of the admin-istrative-territorial division of Lithua-nia. 60 municipalities constitute the local government, represented by

Municipal Councils directly elected by the local population for a period of three years. Mayors, the heads of municipalities, are elected by the Municipal Councils, whose members in turn are chosen in general elec-tions through a proportional party-list ballot. An Executive Director is appointed by the municipal council at the suggestion of the Mayor.

Municipal functions could be divid-ed into four categories (independ-ent functions, authorized functions, delegated functions, and contracted functions) and enumerates several activities directly linked to local economic development. Independ-ent functions include training and re-training the labour force, tourism development, and business promo-tion; authorized functions include infrastructure planning, social and economic development, drafting SME development and tourism development programs, and par-ticipating in the implementation of regional development programs; delegated functions include plan-ning and implementing measures for labour market policy and resi-dent employability. Also there are several ways that municipalities can become involved in local economic development: comprehensive and sector development planning, room to implement specifically designed development programs and sector-related activities.

Executive branch

50

vo

Liv

ci

Parlament (Seimas)

Predsednik države

Občinski sveti

Kabinet Predsednik vlade

Izvršni direktor

Župan

neposredne volitve potrdi

imenujejo

izvolijo

neposredne volitve

neposredne volitve

imenuje

Litvansko sodstvo sestavljajo vrhovno sodišče, podrejena sodišča (pritožbeno sodišče, okrožna in okrajna sodišča) ter ustavno sodišče. Ustavno sodišče nadzoruje tako zakonodajno kot izvršilno vejo oblasti in odloča, če so ustava in njihove dejavnosti ustavne.

Sestavlja ga devet sodnikov, ki jih imenuje zakonodajna veja oblasti, po tri predlagajo predsednik države, predsednik parlamenta in vrhovni sodnik vrhovnega sodišča. Predsednik države predlaga vrhovnega sodnika ustavnega sodišča. Primere za obravnavo na

ustavnem sodišču lahko vložijo petina članov parlamenta, redna sodišča in predsednik države.

Sodna veja oblasti

51

The Lithuanian judiciary is com-posed of the Supreme Court and subordinate courts (the Court of Appeals, district courts, and local courts), as well as the Constitution-al Court. The Constitutional Court checks both the legislative and the executive branches of government

by ruling on whether their legisla-tion and/or actions are constitution-al. The Court consists of nine justices appointed by the legislature, three each from the nominees of the Pres-ident, the Parliamentary Chairman, and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The President nominates the

Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court. Cases for consideration by the Constitutional Court, however, may be brought only by one-fifth of the membership of the Seimas, the ordinary courts, or the President of the Republic.

Judicial branchv

ote

rs

Parliament (Seimas)

President

Municipal Councils

Cabinet Prime Minister

Executive Director

Mayor

direct elections approves

appoints

elects

direct elections

direct elections

appoints

52

Slovenija

Lokalna raven

Občani odločajo s svojim glasom in aktivnostjo.

Organi občine so občinski oziroma mestni svet, župan in nadzorni odbor. Občani na volitvah za mandatno obdobje štirih let izvolijo župana in člane občinskega

oziroma mestnega sveta, ti pa nadalje odločajo o občinskih zadevah. Prebivalci posameznega kraja lahko neposredno odločajo na zborih občanov, prek ljudske iniciative in z referendumom. Na referendumu lahko občani odločajo o vseh vprašanjih, ki ustrezajo

vsebini splošnih aktov občine, z izjemo vsebine aktov o proračunu, zaključnem računu in o predpisih glede občinskih davkov ter drugih dajatev.

Struktura delovanja občine

Župan je osrednja osebnost posamezne občine. Njegova glavna naloga je, da predstavlja in zastopa svojo občino. Poleg tega je odgovoren za delo občinskega sveta, saj sklicuje in vodi seje sveta, vendar nima pravice glasovanja. V pristojnosti župana in občinske uprave je, da nato skrbijo za izvajanje odločitev občinskega sveta.

Občinski svet je najvišji organ odločanja o vseh zadevah, ki spadajo med pravice in dolžnosti občine. Sestavlja ga lahko od

7 do 45 članov, ki se imenujejo občinski svetniki. Občinski svet na sejah sprejema odločitve z večino opredeljenih glasov navzočih članov. Glavna naloga občinskega sveta je sprejemanje proračuna občine in občinskih predpisov. Občinski svet med drugim nadzoruje delo župana, podžupana in občinske uprave.

Za županom in občinskim svetom stoji občinska uprava, ki jo (vsaj v večjih občinah) sestavljajo številne službe in oddelki, na primer služba za razvojne projekte in investicije,

služba za javna naročila, služba za pravne zadeve, oddelek za finance in računovodstvo, oddelek za ravnanje z nepremičninami, oddelek za urejanje prostora, oddelek za varstvo okolja, oddelek za gospodarske dejavnosti in promet, oddelek za predšolsko vzgojo in izobraževanje, oddelek za kulturo, oddelek za zdravje in socialno varstvo, oddelek za šport, občinsko redarstvo, inšpektorat in tako dalje.

Shema delovanja občine Kamnik (vir: http://www.kamnik.si/obcina-kamnik)

OBČINA KAMNIK

Nadzorni odbor

Občinski svet

Drugi organiobčine

ŽUPAN OBČINSKA UPRAVA

Direktor občinskeuprave

Urad župana

Oddelek za urejanje prostora

Oddelek za gospodarske

dejavnosti in finance

Oddelek za gospodarksejavne službe

Oddelek za družbene dejavnosti

Oddelek za premoženjsko-

pravne in splošne

zadeve

PODŽUPAN

53

Slovenia

The local level

Citizens decide with their votes and activities.

The bodies of the municipality are the local or city council, mayor and supervisory committee. At elections, citizens elect a mayor and members of the local or city council for the

period of four years and they then decide about municipal matters. The residents of an individual town can directly decide at local assemblies, via citizen's initiative and with a refer-endum. There they can decide about all the questions that correspond to the contents of municipal acts with

the exception of the content of the acts about budget, annual accounts and regulations regarding municipal tax and other charges.

The structure of the municipality's activities

The mayor is the central figure of each municipality. His main task is to represent his municipality. He is in charge of the municipality coun-cil's work as he convenes and chairs its sessions, but he has no right to vote. Together with the municipal administration he takes care that the municipal council implements its decisions.

The municipal council is the high-est body making decisions about all matters that belong among the rights and duties of the municipal-

ity and it is made up from 7 to 45 members, who are called municipal councillors. Those councillors who are present at sessions accept deci-sions with the majority vote. The municipal council's main task is to adopt the budget of the municipal-ity and its regulations. Its other tasks are to supervise the activities of the mayor, deputy mayor and municipal administration.

The mayor and the municipality council cooperate with the munici-pality administration, which is made

up of several bureaus and depart-ments, such as Bureau of Develop-ment Projects and Investments, Bu-reau of Public Procurement, Bureau of Legal Affairs, Department of Fi-nance and Accounting, Department of Real Estate, Department of Physi-cal Planning, Department of Envi-ronmental Protection, Department of Economic Affairs and Traffic, De-partment of Education, Department of Culture, Department of Health and Social Protection, Department of Sport, Municipal Warden Service, inspectorate and others.

Schema of the organization of the Kamnik municipality (source: http://www.kamnik.si/obcina-kamnik)

THE MUNICIPALIY OF

KAMNIKSupervisory Committee

Municipal Council

Other bodies of the

municipality

MAYOR MUNICIPAL AD-MINI-STRATION

DIRECTOR OF MUNICIPAL AD-MINI-STRATION

Office of the Mayor

Department of Physical

Planing

Department of Economic Affairs and

Finance

Department of Economic

Public Services

Department of Social Activities

Department of Property and Legal as well

as General Affairs

DEPUTY MAYOR

54

Naloge občine so raznolike

Občina je skupaj z vaškimi, krajevnimi in mestnimi skupnostmi odgovorna za storitve na lokalni ravni, kot so:•  sprejemanje občinskega

proračuna (glavno vlogo ima župan, saj razpolaga z denarjem za lokalne storitve),

•  razvijanje in sprejemanje prostorskih načrtov, kar med drugim vpliva na gradnjo novih objektov,

•  odločanje o na občino prenesenih zadevah iz državne pristojnosti,

•  določanje vrste lokalnih javnih služb in načina njihovega izvajanja,

•  ustanavljanje javnih zavodov (na primer vrtci, šole) in javnih podjetij,

•  pospeševanje in razvoj služb socialnega skrbstva za predšolsko varstvo, osnovno varstvo otroka in družine, za socialno ogrožene, invalide in ostarele,

•  skrb za varstvo zraka, tal, vodnih virov, za varstvo pred hrupom, za zbiranje in odlaganje odpadkov in za druge dejavnosti varstva okolja,

•  pospeševanje razvoja športa in rekreacije,

•  pospeševanje vzgojno-izobraževalne dejavnosti na območju,

•  spodbujanje delovanja društvenih in drugih dejavnosti,

•  pospeševanje kulturnih in umetniško-ustvarjalnih dejavnosti (dostopnost

do kulturnih programov, zagotovitev izobraževalno-knjižnične dejavnosti, skrb za kulturno dediščino),

•  opravljanje nadzorstva nad krajevnimi prireditvami,

•  organizacija komunalno-redarske službe in skrb za red v občini,

•  skrb za požarno varnost in organiziranje reševalne pomoči,

•  organizacija opravljanja pokopališke in pogrebne službe,

•  določanje prekrškov in denarnih kazni za prekrške, s katerimi se kršijo predpisi občine.

Občina in država

Občina je osnovna lokalna skupnost, ki v okviru zakonodaje samostojno ureja zadeve na lokalni ravni. Občina ima nekatere pristojnosti, v katere država sicer ne posega, po drugi

strani pa država večkrat prenaša državne pristojnosti na občine. Glede dolžnosti in pristojnosti države in občine so prisotni nenehni konflikti, saj delo večkrat prenašata

ena na drugo. Med drugim so občine močno odvisne od državnih sredstev, saj večinoma nimajo drugih lastnih virov financiranja.

Državna raven

PredsedniK rePUBLiKe sLovenije

Je najvišji politični funkcionar države in je predstavnik države ter vrhovni poveljnik njenih obrambnih sil. Predsednik kljub visokemu položaju nima veliko možnosti in glasu pri odločanju in izvrševanju zakonov na državni ravni. Izvršilna funkcija je v rokah Vlade Republike Slovenije.

vLada rePUBLiKe sLovenije

Opravlja izvršilno in upravno funkcijo. Izvršilna funkcija pomeni,

da ima kot izvršilni organ pravico do odločanja ter predlaganja in izvrševanja zakonov ali predpisov, ki jih sprejme državni zbor. Vlada v skladu z ustavo, zakoni in drugimi splošnimi akti državnega zbora usklajuje, usmerja in določa izvajanje politike države.

Vlada je tudi najvišji organ državne uprave, ki z izvajanjem predpisov in številnih (pravnih, finančnih, političnih, gospodarskih, ekonomskih ...) ukrepov skrbi za razvoj države in urejenost razmer, ki so v pristojnosti države.

Vlado sestavljajo predsednik vlade in ministri s posameznih področij. Predsednik vlade je politični voditelj, ki usmerja delo vlade in usklajuje delo ministrov. Minister je visok državni politik, odgovoren za razvoj določenega področja državne uprave.

Ministrstva delujejo na naslednjih področjih*:•  ministrstvo za delo, družino in

socialne zadeve,•  ministrstvo za finance,•  ministrstvo za gospodarski razvoj

in tehnologijo,

55

A diverse range of the municipality's tasks

Together with town, local and city communities the municipality is re-sponsible for services on local level, such as: •  Accepting the municipal budget

(the mayor plays a central role as he disposes of the money for local services),

•  Developing and implementing spatial plans which also have an impact on the construction of new facilities,

•  Decision making of the matters of the state jurisdiction vested to the municipal level,

•  Determining various local public services and their tasks,

•  Establishing public institutions (such as nursery and primary school) and public enterprises,

•  Promoting and developing

bureaus of social welfare: for preschool security, basic security of a child and a family, socially disadvantaged groups, disabled persons and the elderly,

•  Care for the protection of air, soil, water sources, noise, waste collection and disposal, and other activities for environmental protection,

•  Promoting the development of sport and recreation,

•  Promoting local educational activities,

•  Encouraging the activities of associations and other organiza-tions,

•  Promoting cultural and artistic creative activities (accessibility to culture programmes, guaranteed educational activities in libraries,

care for cultural heritage), •  Supervision of local events,•  Organizing warden service and

care for order in the municipality,•  Care for fire safety and organiz-

ing rescue help,•  Organization of carrying out

cemetery and funeral activities, •  Determining offences, including

and their fines, with which the regulations of the municipality are violated.

The municipality and the state

The municipality you live in is a basic local community, which under the legislation independently regulates matters on the local level. It has got some competences that the state doesn’t prejudice to, but on the oth-

er hand it can happen that the state confers its powers upon communi-ties. There are constant disputes re-garding duties and competences of the state and municipality as they often carry work over to each other.

Among other, communities highly depend on state resources as more or less they don’t have other or prop-er financing sources.

The national level

the President oF the rePUB-Lic oF sLovenia

Is the head and representative of state and the commandeer-in-chief of the Armed Forces. Despite his high position he does not have much power in decision-making and the implementation of acts on the national level. The executive func-tion is in the hands of the Govern-ment of the Republic of Slovenia.

the government oF the re-PUBLic oF sLovenia

Exercises the executive and adminis-trative functions. The executive func-tion means that the government as the executive body has the right to decide and propose, as well as im-plement act and regulations passed by the National Assembly. In accord-ance with the constitution, acts and other general acts of the National Assembly the Government coordi-nates, directs and determines the im-plementation of the country’s policy.

The Government is the highest body of the National Board, which with the implementation of rules and numerous (legal, financial, political, economic) measures takes care for the development of the country and the regularity of situations that are within the competence of the state.

The Government is composed of the prime minister and ministers of individual areas. The prime min-ister is the political leader who di-rects the work of the Government and coordinates the work of min-isters. A minister is a high state’s politician, responsible for the de-

56

•  ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor,

•  ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport,

•  ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje,

•  ministrstvo za notranje zadeve,•  ministrstvo za obrambo,•  ministrstvo za pravosodje in

javno upravo,•  ministrstvo za zdravje,•  ministrstvo za zunanje zadeve.

*Zakon o vladi lahko spremeni področja delovanja. Navedena so področja vlade, ki je bila imenovana februarja 2012.

sLovensKi ParLament

Predstavlja vse slovenske državljane ter s sprejemanjem odločitev in zakonov močno vpliva na potek življenja svojih prebivalcev.

Parlament Slovenije sestavljata državni zbor in državni svet.

državni zbor Je najvišja predstavniška in zakonodajna institucija. V okviru zakonodajne funkcije sprejema Ustavo Republike Slovenije in odloča o njenih spremembah. Poleg tega sprejema zakone, državni proračun in njegove spremembe, številne resolucije, odloke, priporočila in uradno prečiščena besedila zakonov. Državni zbor ima tudi volilno funkcijo, kar pomeni, da voli nekatere politične funkcionarje, med drugim tudi predsednika vlade, ministre, sodnike ustavnega sodišča, varuha človekovih pravic in guvernerja centralne banke.

Beseda parlament izhaja iz latinske besede, ki pomeni pomenkovanje, razgovor. Danes parlament pomeni najvišji organ zakonodajne oblasti. V Sloveniji parlament sestavljata državni zbor in državni svet. V Sloveniji ne govorimo o dvodomnosti in besedo parlament pogosto uporabljamo kar za poimenovanje državnega zbora.

Državni zbor sestavlja 90 poslank in poslancev, ki so predstavniki

političnih strank (lahko tudi neodvisni samostojni poslanci) in so združeni v poslanske skupine. Dva poslanca sta predstavnika avtohtonih manjšin, to je italijanske in madžarske narodne skupnosti. Poslanci so voljeni neposredno na volitvah in svojo funkcijo opravljajo poklicno. Državni zbor je osrednja in najvišja predstavniška in zakonodajna institucija. Poleg zakonodajne, nadzorne in volilne funkcije opravlja tudi druge funkcije, ki jih opravljajo sodobni demokratični parlamenti (na primer ustvarjanje legitimnosti, predstavljanje družbenih interesov, racionalizacija in reševanje interesnih konfliktov, sprejemanje in nadzor državnega proračuna in tako dalje). Več o nalogah je možno prebrati na http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_zbor_Republike_Slovenije in www.dz-rs.si.

državni svetIma zelo omejene pristojnosti v okviru zakonodajne veje oblasti – dve najpomembnejši sta možnost odložilnega veta (državni svet od državnega zbora zahteva, da ponovno odloča o izglasovanem zakonu) in možnost razpisa naknadnega zakonodajnega referenduma. Poleg teh dveh lahko državni svet predlaga državnemu zboru sprejem zakonov ali sprememb in dopolnitev posameznih določb zakonov, sprejema in daje državnemu zboru mnenja o vseh zadevah iz njegove pristojnosti, zahteva uvedbo parlamentarne preiskave, na ustavno sodišče vloži zahtevo za začetek postopka za oceno ustavnosti in zakonitosti predpisov in splošnih aktov.

Državni svet sestavlja 40 svetnikov, ki so razporejeni po interesnih skupinah, kar pomeni, da državni svetniki in svetnice niso neposredno voljeni na volitvah, ampak so predstavniki interesne skupine delodajalcev (4 člani), interesne skupine delojemalcev (4 člani), interesne skupine kmetov, obrtnikov in samostojnih poklicev (4 člani), interesne skupine negospodarskih dejavnosti (6 članov) in interesne skupine lokalnih interesov (22

članov). Funkcija državnega svetnika je nepoklicna oziroma neprofesionalna, kar pomeni, da jo opravljajo poleg svoje redne službe.

Ustava

Je temeljni zakon države. Z ustavo država predpiše splošna načela svoje politične in družbene ureditve. Vsi preostali pravni akti morajo biti usklajeni z ustavo. Ustava Republike Slovenije je bila potrjena 23. decembra 1991 in poleg preambule (uvoda v ustavo) vsebuje 175 členov, razdeljenih v 10 sklopov: splošne določbe, človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine, gospodarska in socialna razmerja, državna ureditev, samouprava, javne finance, ustavnost in zakonitost, ustavno sodišče, postopek za spremembo ustave, prehodne in končne določbe.

Zanimiva je "Ustava v stripu" (projekt državnega zbora), ki je dostopna na naslovu: http://www.dz-rs.si/wps/portal/Home/PoliticniSistem/URS/UstavaVStripu.

KaKo PoteKa Proces odLočanja na državni ravni?

Zakon lahko državnemu zboru v sprejem predlagajo: vlada (najpogosteje), vsak poslanec državnega zbora, državni svet in 5.000 volivcev.

Če je predlagatelj zakona vlada, pripravlja zakon posamezno ministrstvo, ki pokriva vsebino zakona. Najprej se pripravi osnutek zakona, ki je objavljen na spletnih straneh ministrstva, in hkrati z objavo se začne javna razprava. Javna razprava pomeni, da lahko vsi zainteresirani (posamezniki, nevladne organizacije, interesne skupine in tako dalje) podajo svoje pripombe na objavljeno besedilo. Po koncu javne razprave in pregledu prispelih pripomb gre osnutek zakona v medresorsko usklajevanje (to je usklajevanje med ministrstvi),

57

velopment of a particular area of the National Board.

Ministries in Slovenia: •  Ministry of Finance,•  Ministry of the Interior,•  Ministry of Foreign Affairs,•  Ministry of Justice,•  Ministry of Defence,•  Ministry of Labour, Family and

Social Affairs,•  Ministry of Economy,•  Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry

and Food,•  Ministry of Culture,•  Ministry of the Environment and

Spatial Planning, •  Ministry of Infrastructure,•  Ministry of Education and Sport,•  Ministry of Health,•  Ministry of Public Administration,•  Ministry of Higher Education,

Science and Technology, •  Government Office for Develop-

ment and European Affairs,•  Government Office for Local Self-

Government and Regional Policy,•  Government Office for Sloveni-

ans Abroad

*NB: The Government Act may change the fields of activities. The above stated ministries were topic from 2008 to 2012.

the sLovenian ParLiament

Represents all Slovenian inhabitants and with the adoption of decisions and acts strongly influences their lives. It is composed of the National Assembly and the National Council.

the national assembly Is the supreme representative and legislative institution. Under the legislative function it adopts the Constitution of the Republic of Slov-enia and decides about its changes. It passes acts, national budget and its amendments, numerous resolu-tions, ordinances, recommenda-tions and official consolidated texts of acts. In accordance with its elec-tion function the National Assem-bly elects some politicians, among others the Prime Minister, ministers, judges of the Constitutional Court,

ombudsman, and governor of the Central Bank.

The word parliament is derived from the Latin word meaning discussion, conversation. Nowadays it means the supreme body of the legislative power. The parliament in Slovenia is composed of the National Assembly and the National Council. The term bicameral is usually not used and the word parliament often refers to the National Assembly.

The 90 deputies of the National As-sembly are representatives of politi-cal parties (they may be independent non-attached members) and are members of political groups. Two deputies represent the Italian and Hungarian national communities. Deputies are elected at general elec-tions and they perform their func-tions on a professional basis. The National Assembly is the central and supreme representative and legisla-tive institution. Next to the legislative, supervisory and election functions it is responsible for other functions that are carried out by modern democrat-ic parliaments, such as creating legiti-macy, representing social interests, rationalization and solution of inter-est conflicts, implementation and su-pervision of the national budget and so on. You can read more on:

h t t p : / / s l . w i k i p e d i a . o r g / w i k i /Dr%C5%BEavni_zbor_Republike_Slovenije in www.dz-rs.si.

the national council Has very restrictive rights under the legislative function; the two most important are the possibility of sus-pensor veto (which demands the National Assembly to decide about a newly passed act once again) and a possibility of a request to call for a subsequent legislative referendum. The National Council may suggest to the National Assembly to pass acts and amendments of particular provisions of acts, it adopts opin-ions about all the matters within its competence and passes them to the National Assembly, it demands a par-liamentary inquiry and lodges to the Constitutional Court a request for the

initiation of a process to estimate the constitutionality and legitimacy of regulations and general acts.

It has 40 members who take part in different interest groups, which means that they are not directly elected at elections, but they are rep-resentatives of employers (4 mem-bers), of employees (4 members), of farmers, crafts and trades, and inde-pendent professions (4 members), of non-commercial fields (6 members) and of local interests (22 members). They do not hold their office profes-sionally, but they exercise it along their regular professions.

constitUtion

Is a set of fundamental principles of a state. With it a state sets general principles of its political and social regulations. All other legal acts shall be in accordance with the constitu-tion. The Constitution of the Repub-lic of Slovenia was confirmed on 23 December 1991 and together with the preamble (introduction) it con-sists of 175 articles divided in 10 sections: general provisions, human rights and fundamental freedoms, economic and social relations, or-ganization of the state, self-govern-ment, public finance, constitutional-ity and legality, constitutional court, procedure to amend the constitu-tion, transitional and final provisions.

Take a look at the project of the Na-tional Council – the Constitution in comics: http://www.dz-rs.si/wps/portal/Home/PoliticniSistem/URS/UstavaVStripu.

how is PerFormed the decision-maKing Process on the nationaL LeveL?

The Government (most often), each deputy of the National Assembly, the National Council and 5,000 elec-tors may propose to the National As-sembly to pass an act.

If the Government proposes an act, it is a particular Ministry covering

58

nato se pripravi predlog zakona, ki ga sprejme vlada in ga pošlje v državni zbor.

Zakon se lahko sprejema po rednem, skrajšanem ali nujnem postopku. Skrajšani in nujni postopek se uporabljata izjemoma in če so izpolnjeni določeni razlogi. Redni postopek ima tri faze. V času sprejemanja zakona je možno predlagati amandmaje, to so predlogi sprememb posameznih členov zakona. Besedilo zakona in morebitne amandmaje najprej obravnava matično delovno telo, to so odbori državnega zbora, ki pokrivajo posamezna področja. Če je zakon sprejet na odboru, se ga uvrsti

na plenarno zasedanje, to je seja vseh poslank in poslancev, ki odloča o sprejemu ali zavrnitvi zakona. Zakon je sprejet, če zanj glasuje večina prisotnih poslancev. Nekateri zakoni pa za sprejem potrebujejo drugačno – kvalificirano večino, kar pomeni, da so sprejeti, če jih potrdi več kot polovica prisotnih ali vseh poslancev, ali pa celo dve tretjini prisotnih oziroma vseh poslancev.

Ko je zakon sprejet, začne teči sedemdnevni rok, v katerem lahko državni svet sprejme veto (to pomeni, da se z zakonom ne strinja). Če je na zakon sprejet veto, mora državni zbor o tem zakonu ponovno odločati in ga sprejeti z večino vseh

poslancev, to je z najmanj 46 glasovi.

Osmi dan od sprejetja zakon podpiše predsednik Republike Slovenije in ga objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije. Če ni drugače določeno, začne zakon veljati petnajsti dan po objavi.

59

the field of this act that draws it up. First, a bill is drafted and when it is published on the web page of the ministry it calls for public debate. Public debate means that everyone who is interested in (individuals, nongovernmental organizations, in-terest groups and so on) can make comments regarding the published text. After public debate and an ex-amination of comments the bill is sent to inter-ministerial coordination (coordination among ministries). Af-ter it a proposal for the act is set, the Government passes and sends it to the National Assembly.

An act can be passed by a regular, abbreviated or urgent procedure. The abbreviated and urgent pro-cedures are applied only excep-tionally and if all particular reasons

are fulfilled. The regular procedure has three stages. At the time of adoption of the act it is possible to propose amendments, which are proposals for changes of particular articles of the act. The text of the act and eventual amendments are first dealt by responsible working bod-ies, which are the boards of the Na-tional Assembly that are covering individual fields. If the board passes the act, it is placed on the agenda of the plenary session (a session of all deputies) that decides about the adoption and rejection of the act. The act is passed if a majority of present deputies voting have cast votes in favour. Some acts need a qualified majority to be passed. That means that they are passed if more than a half of present depu-ties or all deputies, or even two-

thirds of present deputies or all deputies have cast votes in favour.

When the act is passed the National Assembly has seven days while it can put its veto on (it means that it does not agree with the act). If the veto is put on the act, the National Assem-bly must decide about this act once again and the majority of deputies, the minimum is 46, must cast votes in favour to pass it.

The President of the Republic of Slov-enia signs the act on the eight day since its adoption and he publishes it in the national gazette of the Re-public of Slovenia. Unless otherwise specified, the act enters into force the fifteenth day after its publication.

60

Kako do političnih odločevalcev?

Mladi lahko na različne načine vplivajo na odločitve političnih odločevalcev, podajajo svoje mnenje, dajejo svoje pobude, dosežejo svoja pričakovanja ter tako uresničijo svoje želje. Bližnjice do najlažjega in najučinkovitejšega načina za uspešno sodelovanje med mladimi in odločevalci ni, saj je sodelovanje odvisno od situacije v posameznem lokalnem okolju. Dejstvo pa je, da je za dosego cilja potrebna dolga pot, trdo delo in vztrajno prizadevanje mladih, kar pripelje do končnih rezultatov, kot so učinkovit in odkrit dialog med mladimi in odločevalci, politični vpliv, upoštevana mnenja in realizirane želje.

Mladi morajo za dosego svojih ciljev v lokalnih skupnostih dobro poznati situacijo v posameznem lokalnem okolju, poznati mnenjske vodje in druge odločevalce, prek katerih lahko vplivajo na odločitve. Pristop k političnim odločevalcem zahteva pripravljeno strategijo in sodelovanje čim večjega števila mladih, kar bo usklajeno pripeljalo do ciljev – upoštevanih predlogov. K odločevalcem je potrebno pristopiti s konkretnimi predlogi in rešitvami, v katerih bodo prepoznali dodano vrednost predlogov ter njihovo korist za širšo skupnost ljudi in ne samo tistih mladih, ki si prizadevajo za dosego cilja. Oblikovalci predlogov morajo upoštevati interes čim večje množice ljudi, oblikovati dolgoročne in ekonomične rešitve ter predlagati ukrepe, ki bodo služili več generacijam.

Cilj idej s pripravljeno strategijo bo zagotovo dosežen. V slovenskih občinah poznamo več nosilnih struktur za dialog med mladimi in lokalnimi skupnostmi, ki jih lahko predlagatelji vključijo v svojo strategijo. Te morajo vključevati tudi mlade in biti predstavniške ter stalne. Ukvarjati se morajo z vsemi zadevami, za katere mladi izrazijo zanimanje. Primeri takšnih struktur so:•  mladinski sveti lokalnih

skupnosti,•  komisije za mladinska vprašanja,•  odbori za mladino,•  odbori za družbene dejavnosti.

Mladinski svet lokalne skupnosti se po zakonu ustanovi z združevanjem aktivnih oblik mladinskega organiziranja v občini. Njegova naloga je zastopanje interesov mladih v občini. Mladinski sveti lokalnih skupnosti so nosilci mladinskega dela in mladinske politike na lokalni ravni ter predstavljajo osnovo za sodelovanje mladih v lokalnih skupnostih. Mladinski sveti lokalnih skupnosti zastopajo interese mladih pri lokalnih (občinskih) oblasteh in se z njimi večinoma dogovarjajo o aktivnostih, sredstvih ter infrastrukturi, namenjeni mladim. Prav tako imajo v skladu z zakonom pravico in moralno obvezo do dajanja mnenj v vseh zadevah, obravnavanih na občinskih organih, ki zadevajo mlade. S svojim delovanjem spodbujajo dejavnosti mladinskih organizacij in skrbijo za informiranje njihovega članstva ter širše javnosti o politiki lokalne skupnosti predvsem na področjih, ki zadevajo mlade.

Komisijo za mladinska vprašanja imenuje župan s sklepom kot svoje posvetovalno telo za proučevanje posameznih zadev iz svoje pristojnosti. Komisija sprejema sklepe in daje predloge ter pobude županu.

Odbor za mladino občinskega sveta v okviru svojega delovnega področja obravnava tematiko iz pristojnosti občinskega sveta in daje občinskemu svetu mnenja in predloge. Odbor lahko predlaga občinskemu svetu v sprejem odloke in druge akte iz njegove pristojnosti. V Sloveniji odborov za mladino praviloma nimamo, njihove naloge opravlja odbor za družbene dejavnosti.

Naštete strukture niso edine možnosti, prek katerih lahko mladi izrazijo svoje želje. Obrnejo se lahko tudi direktno na župane, občinske svetnike ali občinske uprave. Vsi bodo zagotovo našli čas in z veseljem prisluhnili kvalitetnim idejam.

61

How to Reach Political Decision Makers?

Young people can influence the de-cisions made by political decision makers in various ways, such as by expressing their own opinion, giv-ing their own initiatives and achiev-ing their own expectations. There is no perfect way to achieve successful cooperation between young people and decision makers. Cooperation depends on the situation in each lo-cal environment. In order to achieve a goal, it takes a long journey, hard work and the determination of young people, all of which lead to the final results such as efficient and honest dialogue between the young people and decision makers, political influence, respected opinions and accomplished goals.

Young people will achieve their goals in their local communities provided they are well accustomed with the situation in the individual local en-vironment, the opinions of decision makers and others, which can help them influence the decisions. The approach that would attract the at-tention of the political decision mak-ers takes a well-prepared strategy and cooperation of as many young people as possible, which together brings the final results that the deci-sion makers take into consideration. Decision makers need to be ap-proached with current propositions and solutions in which they will be able to recognize the added value and the usefulness for the broader public, perhaps even for the whole local community, and not only those young people who strive for the achievement of a particular goal. Those who work with the proposi-

tions have to take into account the interest of as large a public as pos-sible, shape long-term and economic solutions and propose measures that will serve to the future generations.

The goal will most definitely be achieved, provided there is a well-structured idea and the strategy. In Slovenian communities, there are several supporting structures for dia-logue between young people and local communities that those mak-ing propositions can include in their own strategies. These need to be rep-resentative (they need to include the young people) and permanent. They need to deal with all the matters that young people have an interest. Ex-amples of such structures are:•  Youth boards of the local

communities•  Youth questions committees •  Departments for youth•  Departments for the social

activities

The youth council of the local com-munity is established with the join-ing of the active forms of the youth organisations in the community. Its task is to represent the interests of the young people in the community. The youth boards of local communities are the supporters of the youth work and the youth politics on the local level, and they represent the basis for the participation of young people in local communities. The youth boards of the local communities represent the interests of the young at the lo-cal (municipal) authorities and with them they mostly reach agreements about the activities, means and infra-

structure meant to be used by young people. Similarly, they have (accord-ing to law) the right (and moral duty) to give opinions about all the mat-ters that are dealt with at the munici-pal bodies that concern young peo-ple. With their action, they motivate the youth organisations, keep their membership and the broader public informed of the politics of the local community, mostly on the fields that concern young people.

The youth questions committee is appointed by the mayor as his own advisory body for researching indi-vidual matters under his jurisdiction. The committee passes the decision, provides opinions and initiatives to the mayor.

The department for youth of the communal board deals with matters from the jurisdiction of the commu-nal board and gives to the commu-nal board opinions and propositions. The committee can propose the ac-ceptance of the acts or other docu-ments from its jurisdiction to the communal board. There are none in Slovenia; their jobs are performed by the social activities committee.

All the above-listed structures are not the only options possible through which young people can express their wishes. They can turn directly to the mayors, communal advisors or communal administra-tion offices. They all will most cer-tainly find time and listen with pleas-ure to quality ideas.

62

Pisma

Stephen Farry MLAMinister za zaposlovanje in izobraževanjeSkupščina Severne IrskeParlamentarni prostoriBallymiscawStormontBelfastBT4 3XX

20. februar 2012

Spoštovani minister g. Farry,

pošiljam vam pisma mladih, ki sodelujejo pri projektu demokracije mladih, imenovanem Why?, ki ga financira British Council. Projekt poteka od decembra 2011 in traja 12 mesecev. Pri projektu sodelujejo mladi iz Claudyja, Eglintona in Derryja, mnogi od njih pa so vključeni tudi v projekt Little People, Big Ideas!. To je še en projekt za področju demokracije mladih, koordinira pa ga naš slovenski partner Zavod Akademija naprednih idej.

Pisma predstavljajo vrhunec določenega dela obeh projektov. Nastala so lani sredi oktobra v okviru delovnega vikenda v Donegalu. Zelo bi me veselilo, če bi si lahko vzeli čas in odgovorili vsem mladim glede njihovih skrbi. Prav tako bi bilo zelo zaželeno, če bi se z mladimi, ki sodelujejo pri projektu, srečali.

Kot je razvidno iz vsebine pisem, imajo mladi, s katerimi sodelujemo, zelo resne skrbi in zato je nujno, da se z njimi soočimo. Mlade moramo pomiriti, tako da bodo lahko sami spoznali, kaj vse je storjeno na področju, ki se tiče njihove prihodnosti.

Če vas v zvezi s projektom, vanj vključenimi mladimi ali pismi karkoli zanima, vam bom na vsa vprašanja z veseljem odgovoril. Dosegljiv sem na številki 079 4459 5864, prav tako pa mi lahko tudi pišete na elektronski naslov thekingisalive@hotmail.com.

Veselim se vašega odgovora.

S spoštovanjem,

Fergal Barr

Mladinski koordinator

63

Letters

Stephen Farry MLAMinister for Employment and LearningNorthern Ireland Assembly Parliament Buildings BallymiscawStormont BelfastBT4 3XX

20 February 2012

Dear Minister Farry

Please find enclosed a number of letters from young people that were participating in a British Council-funded Youth De-mocracy called The "Why?" Project that run for 12 months from December 2011. The project involved young people from Claudy, Eglinton and Derry and a number were also involved a separate project called "Little People, Big Ideas!", another Youth Democracy Project which was co-ordinated by our Slovenian partner, Zavod Akademija naprednih idej.

The letters attached are the culmination of some of the work from both projects and were produced at a residential week-end in Donegal in mid-October of last year. I would be grateful if you might make the time to respond to each young person to address their concerns. A meeting with yourself and young people involved in our project would also be a welcome alternative.

As you can see from the content of the letters the young people we have been working with have very real concerns and therefore it is necessary to address these in an effort to allay their concerns and so that they can see what steps are being taken with regard to their future.

If you have any questions regarding the project, young people involved or letters concerned I would be happy to answer these for you. I can be reached at the above number or at 079 4459 5864 or you can reach me by e-mail on thekingisalive@hotmail.com.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

Fergal Barr

Youth Co-ordinator

64

Spoštovani g. minister,

sem Megan Fugill in sodelujem pri projektu What If?. Želela bi vam zastaviti nekaj vprašanj v zvezi z zaposlovanjem mladih. Zakaj zapravljate denar za reči, ki jih ne potrebujemo, ko pa bi morali zagotoviti denar za podjetja, da bi ta lahko zaposlila več ljudi? Zakaj želijo delodajalci vse preveč kvalifikacij za ničvredna dela? Zakaj zahtevate izkušnje pri delu, ko pa jih sami ne zagotavljate? Kako pričakujete, da si bomo pridobili izkušnje, če ne dobimo nobene priložnosti za delo? Zakaj posamezni delodajalci niti ne odgovorijo kandidatom na njihove prijave? Zakaj še vedno obstaja neenakopravnost pri zaposlovanju?

Vse to so vprašanja, za katera se mi zdi, da jih moram vprašati, zato vas prosim, da nanja odgovorite. To bi mi veliko pomenilo.

Sodelujem pri projektu Why?.

S spoštovanjem,

Megan Fugill

Spoštovani g. minister,

pišem vam, ker imam nekaj zelo konkretnih vprašanj, ki se tičejo zaposlovanja mladih. Menim, da je sramota, da je toliko mladih brezposelnih. Moje prvo vprašanje je, zakaj zapravljate denar za kipe, poslikave in spomenike, ko pa bi ga morali zagotoviti za domače gospodarstvo, da bi le-to lahko zaposlovalo mlade v domačem in bližnjem okolišu? Ali zakaj zapravljate denar za svoja potovanja, na katerih se udeležujete tujih skupščin in spite v hotelih s petimi zvezdicami?

Moje naslednje vprašanje se glasi: zakaj delodajalci zahtevajo toliko kvalifikacij in ko jih mladi dejansko imajo, zakaj jih zavrnejo skoraj v istem trenutku? Nekateri mladi nenehno povzročajo težave, a nismo vsi enaki, zakaj nas torej nihče ne zaposli? Čeprav sem stara samo 13 let, vem, da je to zelo pomembna zadeva! Ko bom stara 16 let, si želim, da bom lahko našla zaposlitev s polovičnim delavnikom. Vem, da smo sredi "gospodarske krize", a to delodajalcem še ne daje pravice, da so tako nepravični, ko mladi iščemo zaposlitev. Delodajalci pričakujejo, da bomo imeli izkušnje, ampak ali mi lahko poveste, kako si jih bomo mladi pridobili, če nas delodajalci nočejo zaposliti? Upam, da mojih vprašanj ne boste spregledali in da boste nanje čim prej iskreno odgovorili.

Najlepša hvala.

Rachel Haslett

65

Dear Minister

My name is Megan Fugill. I am a member of the "What if?" project and I would like to ask you some questions on youth employ-ment. Why are you wasting money on things that we don’t need when you should be putting money into companies to provide more employment? Why do employers look for too many qualifications for menial jobs? What are you looking for experience in jobs when you are not providing the experience? How do you expect us to get the experience without the opportunities? Why do some employers not even acknowledge job applicants? Why is there still inequality in employment opportunities?

These are the types of questions I feel that I should ask so please get back to me – it would be much appreciated

I am part of the The "Why?" Project.

Yours Faithfully

Megan Fugill

Dear Minister

I am writing to you as I have a few very valid questions to ask you about youth employment. I think it is a disgrace that many young people have no job. My first question is why do you people waste money on statues, murals and monuments when you could be putting money into local business to supply jobs to young people in the local or surrounding communities? Or why are you wasting money on trips for you to go to foreign assemblies and star in 5 star hotels?

My next question is why are employers looking for too many qualifications and then when young people do have qualifica-tions employers reject them almost immediately? Some young people may be certain things and constantly cause trouble, but not all teens are like that, so why are we then not given jobs? I am only 13, but I feel this is a very sensitive subject! When I am 16 I would like to be able to have a part time job and I know we are in a "economic crisis" but it doesn’t give employers the right to be so unfair when young people are seeking work. Then employers expect experience, but can you tell me how young people get experience when employers won’t give young people jobs? I hope you acknowledge my questions and answer these truthfully, and also get back to me soon as possible.

Many thanks

Rachel Haslett

66

Spoštovani g. minister,

sem Laya Barr. Pišem vam kot članica programa Little People, Big Ideas!. S skupino smo se pogovarjali o mladih v družbi in njihovem doprinosu. Kot skupina verjamemo, da je zaposlovanje danes eden od ključnih problemov mladih v družbi. Eno od vprašanj, o katerih smo se pogovarjali in vas želimo vprašati, je, zakaj zapravljate denar za kipe in spomenike, ko pa je toliko brezposelnih ljudi?

Zakaj mladim ne zagotovite več delovnih mest? Zakaj delodajalci želijo vse preveč kvalifikacij in zakaj potrebujemo izkušnje za delo, ko pa nam ne zagotovite priložnosti, da bi si te izkušnje pridobili?

Zaključim naj z željo, da resnično želim prejeti kak odziv z vaše strani. Upam, da boste uspeli odgovoriti na zastavljena vprašanja, da boste nanja pozorni in boste o njih razmislili.

Veselim se vašega odgovora.

S spoštovanjem,

Laya Barr

Spoštovani g. minister,

sem članica mladinske skupine Little People, Big Ideas! in bi vam v tem pismu želela zastaviti nekaj vprašanj. Menim, da mi nanja ne vi sami ne vaša politična stranka in niti drugi politiki niso odgovorili zadovoljivo.

Najprej bi vas kot predstavnika ljudstva želela vprašati, kaj nameravate storiti glede trenutne gospodarske krize. Menite, da nam tekoči proračun zadostuje v bitki proti recesiji in spodbuja javno porabo, ki postopoma vodi do višje ravni zaposlovanja? Iz lastnih izkušenj vem, da mladi zelo težko dobimo zaposlitev. V zadnjih dveh letih sem se prijavila na ogromno razpisanih delovnih mest, a nisem dobila nobene službe, čeprav sem maturo opravila zelo uspešno.

Delodajalci so pri izbiranju novih kadrov postali prav pohlepni in pričakujejo minimalno šest mesecev delovnih izkušenj tudi za najosnovnejša dela. Posledica tega smo posamezniki, ki nimamo nobenih izkušenj, saj nikoli nismo imeli prave priložnosti, da bi jih dejansko pridobili. Eden od vidikov pri iskanju zaposlitve, ki je po mojem mnenju najbolj moteč, je samovšečnost delodajalcev. Posledica množičnega prijavljanja na razpisana delovna mesta je, da se danes delodajalcem zdi primerno, da ne posvetijo pozornosti dejstvu, da si je nekdo vzel čas in se prijavil na razpisano delovno mesto. Samo zanima me, če ste to kdaj storili tudi vi. Ali ste kdaj izgubili podatke, na katera in koliko delovnih mest ste se prijavili? Ste preživeli večino svojega prostega časa v kariernih centrih, na njihovih spletnih straneh, in izpolnjevali obrazce za prijavo na delovna mesta, ki bi jih lahko izpolnili tudi z zavezanimi očmi, a ste vedeli, da na ta delovna mesta ne boste izbrani?

Naslednje šolsko leto se bom vpisala na univerzo in niti predstavljam si ne, koliko se bom zadolžila zgolj zato, da si bom pridobila izobrazbo za službo, ki niti obstaja ne in za katero se bo potegovalo še tisoč drugih. Je bilo tega strah tudi vas, ko ste opravljali zaključne izpite? So študentska posojila in šolnine za vas predstavljali težave? Oziroma ali je bilo vaše izobraževanje brezplačno? Zadnje vprašanje, ki vam ga želim zastaviti, je: ali ste se kdaj vprašali, kako se danes počutimo mladi, kot sem jaz, ko nam ukinjate izobraževanje, ker ste sami imeli priložnosti za šolanje, za katere bi tudi mi bili srečni, če bi jih imeli?

S spoštovanjem,

Maeve Deeney

67

Dear Minister

My name is Laya Barr. I am writing to you on behalf of the programme I am part of, "Little People, Big Ideas!". As a group we have been discussing young people in the community and their effects. We, as a group, believe that one of the main problems for young people in the community today is employment. For example the questions we discussed and decided to ask you why are you wasting money on statues and monuments when employment is so bad?

Why are you not providing more employment for young people? Why are employers looking for too many qualifications and why do jobs need experience when you don’t provide experience opportunities.

To conclude I would really like to hear back from you. I hope you can answer these questions, look into these points and take into consideration what we have discussed.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

Laya Barr

Dear Minister

I am member of the "Little People, Big Ideas!" youth group and in this letter I would like to pose a few questions that I feel have not been adequately addressed by yourself, your party and other politicians.

First of all I would like to ask what do you, as a public representative intends to do about the current economic disaster. Do you feel that the current budget is serving us sufficiently to combat the recession and encourage public spending, which in turn result in higher levels of employment? Speaking from personal experience I can state that it is extremely difficult to get employment if you are a young person. I have applied for countless amounts of jobs in the past 2 years. In this time I have never received employment despite have gained 9 GCSE’s at Grade A-B and AS Levels at Grade A-C.

Employers have become greedy with choice and expect a minimum of 6 months experience for even the most minimal of jobs. This results in people like me, with no experience never really given an opportunity to gain appropriate experience. Another aspect of job-hunting that in my opinion and the most disturbing of all is the complacency that has set in among employers. As a result of the vast amount of people applying for jobs employers now feel that it is appropriate to not even acknowledge the fact that a person has take the time to apply for the job. I would just like to know if you’ve ever done this. Have you ever lost count of what and how many jobs you’ve applied for? Have you spent most of your free time in the job centre, on their web site, filling out forms for jobs you could do blindfold but know you’ll probably not get it?

Another prospect is that in just under a year I’ll be going to university getting into an unthinkable amount of debt just to become qualified for a job that doesn’t exist and that thousands of others will be fighting for. Did you worry about this when doing your A Levels? Were student loans and fees an issue for you? Or was your third level education free? The last question I would like to ask you is, have you ever considered what it’s like for young people like I these days while you’re busy cutting our education because you got the opportunities that we would be lucky to have.

Yours sincerely

Maeve Deeney

68

Spoštovani g. minister,

sem Chloe Donnell in sodelujem pri projektu Why?. Rada bi izvedela, zakaj delodajalce tako zelo zanimajo kvalifikacije? Prihajam iz Claudyja in sem članica mladinske demokratične skupine. Zakaj ne zagotovite denarja za mlade, da bi se lahko zaposlili? Zakaj zapravljate denar za nepotrebne reči, medtem ko mladi iščemo zaposlitve? Zakaj delodajalci celo ne priznavajo kvalifikacij posameznikov, ki se prijavijo na neko delovno mesto, in zakaj ti niti niso obveščeni, da je delodajalec prejel njihovo prijavo? Zakaj potrebujemo toliko kvalifikacij, da sploh lahko dobimo kakšno zaposlitev?

S spoštovanjem,

Chloe Donnell

Četrtna skupnost PoljePolje 121000 Ljubljana

Ljubljana, 20. maj 2012

PREDLOG MLADIH

Smo mlade prebivalke Četrtne skupnosti Polje. Zadale smo si cilj spregovoriti o problematiki kraja, kjer živimo (Ljubljana Polje). Svoje predloge in mnenja sporočamo prek uradnega pisma.

Kolesarska pot od Chengdujske ulice pa do obvoznice je lepo urejena, problem pa postane od obvoznice dalje proti silosu v Zalogu. Tam je najbolj nevaren predel, saj kolesarske poti sploh ni, poleg tega pa je zaradi velikega pretoka gostega prometa odsek zelo nevaren. Vemo, da je bil projekt že v načrtu, a se do danes očitno še ni začel.

Mladi v četrtnih skupnostih Polje, Kašelj, Fužine in Zadobrova po našem mnenju nimajo prostora za druženje. V Zalogu deluje četrtni mladinski center in mi vsi bi si zelo prizadevali, da bi imeli enega tudi v Polju ali na Fužinah, glede na gradnjo številnih novih objektov v Polju, veliko populacijo mlajših generacij in navsezadnje druženje mladine na ulicah in nevarnih krajih, kot so zapuščene hiše, železniška postaja in zaprto nogometno igrišče. Predlagamo gradnjo manjšega četrtnega centra, ki bi lahko deloval na stari šoli Polje, ki je stičišče osnovnih šol Kašelj, Polje in Zadobrova, hkrati pa je zraven tudi knjižnica.

Od približno leta 2006 ne obratuje več kopališče Vevče, ki je bilo sicer zelo dobro obiskano. Včasih je bilo v lasti Papirnice Vevče, zdaj pa je njegov lastnik Martin Odlazek oziroma njegovo podjetje Set, d. o. o., prej Slavija, d. o. o. Kopališče ima prelep olimpijski bazen, bazen s tobogani in otroški bazen ter še čisto majhen bazen za otroke. Vemo, da je sedaj v zelo slabem stanju in da bi bila obnova zelo draga, vendar bi lahko, glede na to, da je sedaj kopališče zasebno, z denarjem omogočili obnovo za ponovno delovanje. Da bi bil obisk čim večji, bi lahko v obratovalnem času vključili še kakšne aktivnosti, kot so na primer tečaji za mlade, športna tekmovanja ali delavnice.

Krajani se vsakodnevno srečujemo s prehitrimi vozniki na Rjavi cesti v Polju. Cesta ima sicer nekaj ležečih policajev, vendar to ni ovira za drveče avtomobile. Z veliko hitrostjo drvijo mimo prometnih znakov in ljudje se pritožujejo, saj so ves čas izpostavljeni nevarnosti. Menimo, da bi bilo skoraj nujno, da se nekje na sredini ceste postavi vsaj en semafor, ki bi onemogočil prehitro vožnjo.

Vemo, da imamo veliko prošenj, toda pričakujemo vaš odziv in če bo le mogoče, se želimo sestati z vami ali katero drugo odgovorno osebo. Pripravljene smo na spremembe!

Lep pozdrav,

Špela, Ana, Anja, Neža, Nina

69

Dear Minister

My name is Chloe Donnell from the "Why?" project and I want to ask why do employers look for so many qualifications? I am from Claudy in the youth democracy group and why are you not providing money to business for young people to get jobs? Why are you wasting money on stuff when there are people looking for jobs? Why do employees not even acknowl-edge the qualifications of people who give in applications forms and don’t even get an acknowledgement letter back? Why do you have to have so many qualifications to get any jobs?

Yours Faithfully

Chloe Donnell

Četrtna skupnost Polje (translation: Local community– district of Ljubljana) Polje 12 1000 Ljubljana

Ljubljana, 20.5.2012

Proposal of young people

We are young girls from street district of Polje. We gave our self’s a goal to speak about problems in our community. We are sending you our complaints and suggestions.

Cycle path from Chengdujska street to the Ljubljana ring is nice, but later up to the granary in Zalog it’s really problematic. It is very dangerous. On some parts cycle path is even missing. Traffic is heavy. We know that the project of renovation is in plan but it is just not happening.

Young people from neighbourhoods of Polje, Kašelj, Fužine and Zadobrova just don't have a place to hang together. In Zalog we have a street youth centre and we would like to have it also in our neighbourhoods. If you look at all the new housing in Polje, all young generations and if you see that today youth is gathering in abandoned houses, train station and closed football field we really want to recommend to build a new youth centre in Polje. It could be located in Old school in Polje, which is centre location in the same building where library is today.

From the year 2006 swimming pool Vevče is closed. Before the closing it had really good attendance. Local economy owned it before and now it's privately owned. Swimming pool has beautiful Olympic pool, pool with slides and 2 children's pools. We know that it is bad condition and that renovations would cost. But we think you should invest in renovations. To bring more visitors there could be some competitions, classes, workshops...

We are facing a lot of speeding drivers every day on Rjava cesta in Polje. There are some floor barriers but not enough. Cars are regardless barriers speeding past traffic signs. Pedestrians are complaining and are under constant danger. You should think how to limit the driving speed at this street.

We know that we have many wishes! We expect your reaction and we would be glad to meet some representatives from the community. We are ready for the change!

Have a nice day

Špela, Ana, Anja, Neža, Nina

70

Ministrstvo za okolje in prostorLitostrojska c. 54p. p. 6531000 Ljubljana

Ljubljana, 10. junij 2012

Zadeva: Mladinska pobuda glede stanovanjske problematike mladih

Naslavljam vas v imenu skupine mladih z razmislekom o možnostih reševanja stanovanjske problematike mladih.

Izhajajoč iz prebrane literature in osebnih izkušenj ugotavljamo, da se mladi ne soočajo le s stanovanjsko problematiko, ampak tudi z vedno manjšo avtonomijo, kar ima za posledico odvisnost od staršev, ki pa nadalje vpliva na številne druge aspekte sodobne mladine (na primer manjše prevzemanje odgovornosti mladih, podaljševanje študijskega obdobja, pasivnost mladih državljanov). So mladi prevečkrat spregledana družbena skupina, za katero država zaenkrat ne poskrbi dovolj? Se zavedamo posledic takšnega (ne)ravnanja?

Naj retorična vprašanja zvenijo v glavah odločevalcev. Z naše strani želimo posredovati ključne izzive stanovanjskega problema mladih. Mladi se vsakodnevno soočajo s finančno stisko bodisi pri najemu bodisi pri nakupu stanovanja. Tržne cene najemnin in nakupov so predvsem v večjih mestih izjemno visoke (v primerjavi z drugimi evropskimi mesti so v Sloveniji najemnine in nakupi stanovanj cenovno nedostopni), ponudba študentskih sob v študentskih domovih ter druge oblike podpore za vedno večje število študentov pa so še vedno premajhne. Pogodba za nedoločen čas že dolgo ni več pravilo, zaradi česar se mladi in malo manj mladi soočajo z nezmožnostjo najema kredita. Poleg tega želimo omeniti še specifično skupino mladih, to so mlade družine, ki zaradi opisanih okoliščin večkrat živijo v neustreznih bivalnih razmerah. Za izboljšanje stanja stanovanjske problematike mladih predlagamo:

•  državno poroštvo za stanovanjske kredite za mlade, ki so zaposleni za določen čas in prvič rešujejo stanovanjski problem,

•  lokalne skupnosti naj bodo vezane na določeno kvoto neprofitnih stanovanj, ki jih morajo oddati mladim posameznikom in mladim družinam do 30. leta, ki bodisi nimajo primernih finančnih sredstev za najem stanovanja bodisi prvič rešujejo stanovanjski problem,

•  zmanjšanje pomena oziroma praktično ureditev glede pravic na podlagi stalnega prebivališča, saj slednje vpliva na številne pravice posameznika (volilna pravica, subvencioniranje otroškega vrtca in študentskega bivanja, dodeljevanje neprofitnih stanovanj), ki so trenutno večkrat kršene.

Ugotovili smo, da se marsikatera ugotovitev ujema z analizo stanja in priporočili programskega dokumenta "Stanovanjska problematika mladih", katerega nosilec je Mladinski svet Slovenije. Njihova priporočila in stališča so bolj obsežna in stanovanjsko problematiko mladih obravnavajo z več zornih kotov. Priporočila Mladinskega sveta Slovenije močno podpiramo ter jim izrekamo podporo pri prizadevanjih glede implementacije le-teh.

Prosimo vas za odgovor z obrazložitvijo, kako bo ministrstvo za okolje in prostor v prihodnje spodbujalo in reševalo stanovanjsko problematiko mladih (tudi mladih družin)!

V pričakovanju odgovora vas lepo pozdravljam!

Matevž Grbec

71

Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning Litostrojska c. 54, p. p. 653 1000 Ljubljana

Ljubljana, 10.6.2012

Subject: Youth initiative about housing problems of young people

I'm addressing you as a representative of a group of young people. We are sending you our thought about solving youth housing problems.

From read literature and personal experience we are concluding that young people are not only facing housing problems but with it connected lack of autonomy. Because of that youth are more and more dependent on their parents. This is influencing also other aspects of today youth (lower level of taking responsibility, prolonging of study periods, political passivity...). Young people are to often overlooked and not taken care by country. Do we see the end of this story?

Let the rhetorical question stay in your head. From our side we want to pass to you some key challenges for solving youth housing. Young people are facing with financial problems on the daily level with renting or buying their own place to live. Rent prices are extremely high (compared to other places in Europe). Buying is impossible. Offer of student rooms is to low. Temporally working contracts are basis why young people cannot take a loan at bank. We would like to emphasise young families which live in not suitable conditions in most of the times. For improvement of housing situation we suggest:

•  State guarantee for loans for young people which are employed temporally and are solving their living situation for the first time.

•  Local communities should be bond to the certain quota of non profit apartments which they need to lease to young individuals (up to 30 year old) or young families. The ones that have financial difficulties or are solving their housing problem for the first time.

•  Reducing level of right connected with permanent residence. There are too many benefits connected with it (voting right, kindergarten subvention, student living...).

We found out that many of our ideas connect with analysis and recommendations programme document of Youth council of Slovenia. We would suggest reading it. Their points of view are broader and look from more different aspects.

We would like to receive a formal answer from the ministry.

Your sincerely,

Matevž Grbec

72

Primeri dobrih praks

Predstavljamo nekaj primerov dobrih praks projektov mladinske demokracije. Nekatere od aktivnosti so bile del projekta Little People, Big

Ideas!. Posamezne aktivnosti izvajajo projektni partnerji in so povezane z mladinsko demokracijo.

Projekt, ki je potekal med 29. septembrom in 21. decembrom 2009, je izvedel Državni razvojni center. Namen projekta je bil spodbuditi mlade Litvance, da zavzamejo aktivni položaj v družbi, in jim pri tem pomagati. Med projektom so udeleženci pripravili vprašanja za politike iz različnih ustanov glede njihovih političnih položajev in načrtov. Kasneje so udeleženci opazovali, kako so se politiki držali smernic, ki so jih začrtali v svojih odgovorih.

namen in cilj:Glavni namen in cilj tega projekta sta bila obravnavati problem pasivne družbene participacije mladih z zagotavljanjem motivacije in sposobnosti, potrebnih za vključevanje v ključne procese civilne družbe in za iskanje pravice civilnega nadzora nad oblastmi.

cilja projekta sta bila:•  spodbujanje mladih, da aktivno

sodelujejo v družbenem dogajanju z uporabo ciljni skupini privlačnih metod in pristopov,

•  razviti sposobnosti mladih, ki jih potrebujejo za civilni nadzor oblasti.

izvedba: V projekt so bili vključeni gimnazijci in študentje visokih šol iz vse države. Udeleženci so bili izbrani na podlagi svoje motivacije in ne na podlagi znanja z določenih področij, saj smo med oblikovanjem skupine skušali prikazati, da je vsak mlad posameznik sposoben opazovati, kako so zapolnjeni politični programi.

Med izvedbo projekta se je oblikovala skupina 20 mladih. Sestavljalo jo je 15 gimnazijcev in 5 študentov visokih šol, starih med 16 in 21 let. Za skupino smo izvedli dve usposabljanji, ki sta vključevali teme o načinu analiziranja javne politike, priprave komentarjev, analiz in poročil, odnose z javnostmi in komunikacijo z mediji. Temeljili sta na principu raznolikosti metod, simulacij, diskusij in skupinskega dela.

Udeleženci so med projektom, ko so opazovali izvajanje političnih programov in ko so pripravljali povzetke ter komentarje, lahko uporabili vsa nova znanja. Na začetku so pripravili vprašanja za politike v zvezi z njihovimi političnimi programi in smernicami. Poslali so jih 39 politikom in javnim osebam. Odgovore so prejeli od devetih posameznikov. Nato so se

udeleženci razdelili v tri skupine in vsaka skupina je pokrila eno od ključnih tem, ki so bile: •  spremljanje volilnih obljub

parlamentarnih strank,•  ekologija,•  sistem izobraževanja in

vprašanja, ki se tičejo reforme visokega šolstva.

Sledila so srečanja in posvetovanja z javnimi osebami, kar je udeležencem pomagalo pri spremljanju uresničevanja političnih obljub. Na koncu so udeleženci pripravili analizo o izpolnitvi političnih obljub, na zaključni konferenci pa so javnosti predstavili rezultate projekta.

Projekt je v okviru civilnega in nacionalnega izobraževalnega programa financiralo ministrstvo za šolstvo in znanost.

Litva: Projekt Obljuba za litvansko mladino

73

Good practices

Here you can see some of the youth democracy project’s which are pre-sented as good practices. Some of the actions were part of "Little Peo-

ple, Big Ideas!". And some are activi-ties run by project partners and are connected with youth democracy.

Project “Promise for the Lithuanian Youth” has been implemented by the National development Institute since September 29th, 2009, to De-cember 21st, 2009. The project was aimed at encouraging young people of Lithuania to take an active civil position and helping them to find ways to-do it. During the project, participants formulated questions to politicians from different institutions about their political position and goals. Later, the same young people observed, how politicians stick to the guidelines set out in the replies.

the Purpose and goals:The main purpose and aim of this project was to address the problem of passive youth civic participation by giving the motivation and skills necessary to engage in key process-es of civil society and to pursue the right of civic control of authorities.

goals of the project were as follows:•  To encourage young people

actively participate in civil proc-esses by using captivating to the target groups approaches;

•  To develop youth’s skills needed for civic control of authorities.

implementation:The project involved both high school pupils and students of higher schools from all over Lithuania. Par-ticipants were selected on the ba-sis of their motivation, but not on their knowledge in specific areas, because, while gathering the group, we tried to show that every young person is able to observe how politi-cal programs are fulfilled.

During project implementation a group of 20 young people was formed. It consisted of 15 high school pupils and 5 higher education students, ages ranging from 16 to 21 years. Two training courses were held for this group, including topics about methods for analysing public policy, preparation of comments, analysis and reports, public relations and communication with media. Train-ings were based on the principle of methods’ diversity, simulations, dis-cussions and working in groups.

Participants applied these skills during the project while monitor-ing the implementation of politi-cal programs, preparing briefs and comments. At the start, participants had formulated questions for the politicians, regarding their political

programs and guidelines. In total, these questions have been sent for 29 politician’s and public figures. Re-plies were received from 9 individu-als. Then, from participants 3 expert groups were formed in accordance with relevant topics, which were:•  Surveillance of electoral prom-

ises of the parliamentary parties;•  Ecology;•  System of education and higher

education reform issues.

Next, meetings with public figures and consultations were held, help-ing participants to carry out the monitoring of realization of po-litical promises. Finally, analyses on fulfilment of political promises were prepared and project’s results were presented to the public at the final conference.

Lituania: Project "Promise for the Lithuanian Youth"

74

glavni cilj:Promocija socialnega podjetništva mladih in kreativnosti v obmejni regiji Litve in Belorusije.

rezultati:•  večja spretnost pri osebnem in

socialnem podjetništvu mladih,•  izmenjane izkušnje in primeri

dobrih praks med partnerji na področju socialnega podjetništva mladih in kreativnosti,

•  povečana ozaveščenost in spodbujen pozitiven odnos glede socialnega podjetništva mladih in kreativnosti v sodelujočih regijah.

glavne aktivnosti: •  metodologija in usposabljanje za

mentorje o podjetništvu mladih in kreativnosti,

•  usposabljanje za mladinske svetovalce,

•  posvetovanja za mlade glede podjetništva,

•  mednarodni tabor in konferenca o (socialnem) podjetništvu mladih,

•  pet poslovnih idej za socialno podjetništvo.

ciljne skupine:•  organizacije, ki delujejo na

področju podjetništva mladih,•  svetovalci za podjetništvo

mladih,•  mladi (od 16 do 30 let) iz

utenskega in vilenskega okrožja v Litvi in iz Grodnega, Mogilevske oblasti in Minska v Belorusiji.

sodelujoče države: •  Litva (utensko in vilensko

okrožje),•  Belorusija (Grodenska in

Mogilevska oblast in Minsk).

trajanje projekta:Od 15. septembra 2011 do 14. decembra 2012.

glavni partner:Nacionalni inštitut za razvoj (Litva)

Partnerji: •  Center za razvoj in pomoč pri

podjetništvu mladih (Belorusija),•  Center Anyksciai za podjetništvo

mladih (Litva).

Pridruženi partnerji:•  Državna izobraževalna

institucija Gymnasium No. 1 Lida (Belorusija),

•  Državna izobraževalna institucija Hodosovskaya School of Secondary Education (Belorusija),

•  Center Svencionys za podjetništvo mladih (Litva).

viri financiranja:Program čezmejnega sodelovanja med Latvijo, Litvo in Belorusijo od 2007 do 2013 v okviru evropske politike sosedstva in partnerskega akta ter lastna sredstva partnerskih organizacij.

Litva: Socialno podjetništvo mladih v obmejni regiji Litve in Belorusije (2011–2012)

75

overall objective:To work on promotion of youth so-cial entrepreneurship and creativ-ity in the Lithuanian and Belarusian border region.

results:•  Raised level of personal and social

entrepreneurship skills of youth•  Shared experience and good

practices among partners in the field of youth social entrepre-neurship and creativity

•  Raised awareness and fostered positive attitude towards youth social entrepreneurship and creativity in the communities of the participating regions

main outputs:•  Methodology and training pro-

gramme for mentors on youth

entrepreneurship and creativity•  Training sessions for youth

consultants•  Consultations for youth on entre-

preneurship•  International camp and confer-

ence on youth (social) entrepre-neurship

•  5 business ideas on social entre-preneurship

target groups:

•  Organisations working in a field of youth entrepreneurship

•  Youth entrepreneurship consult-ants

•  Youth (16-30 years old) from Utena, Vilnius Counties, Lithuania and from Grodno, Mogilev Oblast and Minsk City

Participating countries:•  Lithuania (Utena and Vilnius

county)•  Belarus (Grodno Oblast, Mogilev

Oblast and Minsk City).

implementation period:15th September, 2011 – 14th De-cember, 2012

Lead Partner:National Development Institute (Lithuania)

Partners:•  Youth Entrepreneurship Support

and Development Centre (Belarus)•  Anyksciai Youth Entrepreneurship

Centre (Lithuania)

associates:•  State educational institution

“Gymnasium No. 1 Lida” (Belarus)•  State educational institution “Ho-

dosovskaya school of secondary education” (Belarus)

•  Svencionys Youth Entrepreneur-ship Centre (Lithuania)

Funding sources:Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus Cross Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013 within the European Neighbourhood and Partnership In-strument and partners own funds.

Lithuania: Youth Social Entrepreneurship in Lithuanian and Belarusian Border Region (2011-2012)

76

V zadnjih nekaj letih se je pri delu z mladimi iz Claudyja pokazala potreba po povečanju zavedanja o "drugih", ki niso prebivalci našega mesta.

Radi bi zagotovili prostor in čas za mlade, da bi razmislili, kdo bi ti "drugi" lahko bili (na globalni ravni), o rečeh, ki se jih tičejo, in o odgovornostih, ki pridejo zraven.

Projekt izvajamo na overjenem usposabljanju, ki ga izvaja vodstvo ustanove Children in Crossfire.

Le-ta sledi organizaciji lokalnega akcijskega projekta (lahko se odvija v Claudyju ali zunaj njega). Projekt bo temeljil na idejah, ki se jih domislijo udeleženci in lahko pokrivajo širok spekter tem, ki morajo biti v povezavi s projektom.

Po uspešno izpeljanem projektu bodo udeleženci pripravili dogodek,

na katerem bodo drugim mladim predstavili, kaj so se naučili, in bodo z njimi delili svoje znanje.

Ta dogodek lahko traja ali en dan ali cel vikend, lahko pa je tudi le dvourna delavnica, a na njem mora sodelovati najmanj 20 mladih, ki se niso udeležili projekta. Za vsak projekt bo namenjena manjša vsota denarja za pokritje stroškov organizacije.

Kot primer lahko služi delavnica s četrtošolci iz lokalne osnovne šole ali informativni dogodek s skupino najstnikov iz lokalnega mladinskega kluba.

Na leto se bodo oblikovale štiri skupine, ki bodo sodelovale v projektu Network Earth, v vsaki pa bo od 10 do 15 udeležencev.

Bistvo projekta je pokazati, da tako kot nas v Claudyju in (ali)

na Severnem Irskem zadevajo določene stvari, se lahko te iste stvari tičejo tudi drugih ljudi na drugem koncu sveta in obratno. To je lahko karkoli (prva skupina se je na primer ukvarjala z varnostjo v prometu), na splošno pa bodo udeleženci imeli priložnost, da si sami izberejo temo.

Srečanja bodo potekala v Diamond centru v Claudyju (ali na lokaciji, primerni za določeno skupino), vikend program pa bo potekal v izobraževalnem centru Gartan v Donegalu v Republiki Irski.

Severna Irska: Mreža Zemlja (Network Earth) – Svetovljan 21. stoletja

77

Over the last couple of years our work with young people in Claudy has highlighted the need to in-crease awareness of "others" from outside Claudy.

We want to provide space and time for young people to think about who those "others" might be (on a global scale), the issues that affect them and the responsibilities that come with this.

We do this through an accredited training course delivered by staff from Children in Crossfire.

This is followed by the organisa-tion of a local action project (can be in Claudy or it could also be outside of Claudy). The project will be based on the ideas that partici-pants come up with and can cover a wide range of issues as long as it relates to the programme.

After a successful project par-ticipants will organise an event to show other young people what they have learnt and to share this learning with them.

This event could be a day long or a week-long event or it might only be a two-hour workshop but will always involve at least twenty other young people. There will be a small budget for each project to help with costs of organising it.

An example of this might be a work-shop with a Primary 4 class from a local primary school or an informa-tion event with a group of teenagers from a local youth club.

Overall, there will be four groups per year that take part in Network Earth with 10-15 participants in each group.

The point of project is to draw at-tention to how the issues that affect us here in Claudy and/or Northern Ireland can affect people in other parts of the world and vice versa. This could be any issue – the first Network Earth Group looked at road safety - ultimately participants will have the opportunity to decide the issue.

Sessions will operate from our base at The Diamond Centre in Claudy (or in venue suitable to you and your group) and the residential weekend will take place in Gartan Outdoor Education Centre in Donegal in the Republic of Ireland.

Northern Ireland: Network Earth - Global Citizen for the 21st Century

78

Projekt je nastal v okviru skupne pobude projektov Inside Out iz Claudyja in Clubs for Young People iz Belfasta ter dveh mladinskih organizacij iz Fustenwalda iz Nemčije. Skupino s Severne Irske sestavljajo mladi iz treh organizacij – Inside Out, Eglinton Community Limited in projekt What If?.

Projekt why? predstavlja mladim (od 13 do 17 let) koncepte sodelovanja in demokracije ter jim s tem daje priložnosti, da vprašajo, kar jih zanima, zato da bodo lahko prepoznali vprašanja, na katera bodo znali odgovoriti in jih rešiti na različne načine.

Projekt spodbuja mlade, da raziskujejo in spoznavajo, zakaj je današnja družba takšna, kot je. Pri tem si zastavljajo vprašanja, ki so zanje pomembna, in začenjajo razmišljati, kako lahko ustvarjajo in vplivajo na spremembe na lokalni ravni.

Projekt poteka v več fazah: •  priprava – poudarek je na

oblikovanju odnosov med udeleženci,

•  spoznavanje demokracije – spoznavanje lokalnega demo-kratičnega upravljanja, vključno z obiskom mestnega sveta in zastavljanja vprašanj politikom,

•  dogodek open space – mladi pripravijo vprašanja, ki jih zasta-vijo na srečanju z drugimi mladimi,

•  lokalni projekt(i) – povezani so z vprašanji, ki so jih zastavili udeleženci,

•  skupno plenarno srečanje – priložnost za lokalne udeležence, da tri dni preživijo z vrstniki iz Nemčije in razmislijo o skupnem potovanju ter kaj se iz njega naučijo,

•  poročilo projekta – istočasno je bilo predstavljeno na Severnem Irskem in v Nemčiji,

•  naslednji koraki – udeleženci so se ponovno srečali v začetku leta

2012 in so razmislili o naslednjih korakih,

•  dogodek v širšem merilu – pripravljen bo za udeležence  in mlade iz drugih držav EU (najver-jetneje na drugem kontinentu).

Projekt Why? je del projekta Inside Out, ki je povezan s PoP projektom (Paths of Participation Project, www.pop-project.eu), pri katerem sodelujejo partnerske organizacije iz Nemčije, Avstrije, Finske, Poljske, Slovenije in Severne Irske in ki poteka že zadnji dve leti. Projekt raziskuje prakso in politiko glede sodelovanja mladih.

V okviru projekta Inside Out smo v oktobru 2011 gostili skupščino mladih v Derryju. Mladim, ki so sodelovali pri projektu Why?, so se pridružili mladi iz zgoraj omenjenih držav. Skupščino je podprl in z njo sodeloval Mladinski forum Severne Irske. Dogodek je bila priložnost, da se v skupščino mladih vključijo mladi z vsega severozahodnega dela države.

Skupščina mladih ima zelo velik pomen, saj pomaga zakoreniniti mehanizem dolgotrajnega sodelo-vanja mladih v Derryju in celotnem severozahodnem delu države. Za Derry je še toliko pomembnejša, saj ima status mesta kulture Velike Britanije in neuspešno, a zelo

Severna Irska: Projekt Why?

79

The "Why?" Project is a joint initiative between Inside Out (Claudy) and Clubs for Young People in Belfast and two youth work organisations in Furstenwalde, Germany. The North-ern Ireland Group is made up of young people from three organisa-tions – Inside Out, Eglinton Commu-nity Limited and the What If? Project.

The "Why?" Project introduces young people (aged 13-17) to concepts of participation and democracy and in doing so provides participants with the opportunity to ask challenging questions in order to identify issues that they can respond to and ad-dress through a number of methods.

The project engages young people in investigating and learning about why society is the way it is and in doing so consider and raise issues that matter to them so as to begin to think about how they can create and influence change at local level.

The "Why?" Project consists of sev-eral phases: •  Preparation - focuses on building

relationships between partici-pants

•  Exploring Democracy - examin-ing local democratic governance including visits to Council, Stor-mont and Q & A with politicians

•  Open Space Event where young

people can bring, raise and pro-file their issues at a meeting with other young people

•  Local Action Project(s) address-ing issues raised by participants

•  Joint Plenary – opportunity for local participants to get together with their German counterparts

for 3 days to consider the journey they’ve both been on and the learning they’re got from this.

•  Project Report will be simultane-ously launched in here and in Germany in December of next year.

•  Next Steps – participants will meet at the beginning of 2012 to consider next steps

•  Large Scale Training Event for participants and young people from other EU countries (most likely in country overseas).

The "Why?" Project also forms part of Inside Out’s commitment to the PoP (Paths of Participation) Project www.pop-project.eu which is a partner-ship between organisations in Ger-many, Austria, Finland, Poland, Slov-enia and of course, Northern Ireland and has been in operation for two years already, and which explores practice and policy around partici-pation among young people.

In October 2011, Inside Out hopes to host a Youth Assembly in Derry and young people involved in The "Why?" Project will be joined by other young people from the above countries. This assembly will also in-volve the support and co-operation of the Northern Ireland Youth Forum and also presents the opportunity for young people across the North West to become involved in the Youth Assembly.

The Youth Assembly is a potentially significant step in helping to embed a long-term participation mecha-nism for young people within the city and the North West and is par-ticularly relevant in light of the city having UK City of Culture status and

Northern Ireland: The "Why?" Project

80

produktivno kandidaturo za naziv evropske prestolnice mladih 2013.

Mesto ima privilegiran položaj, saj je gostilo skupščino, ki se je je udeležilo 80 mladih. Obstajajo možnosti, da skupščina postane vsakoletni dogodek in s tem praktični model prikaza demokracije mladih. Sodelovanje s partnerskimi organizacijami v že

obstoječi strukturi PoP projekta poleg sodelovanja mestnega sveta iz Derryja in mladinskega sveta Severne Irske predstavlja odlično priložnost za priključitev nujne strukture sodelovanja za mlade v severozahodnem delu države.

81

also our unsuccessful but highly-productive bid to secure European Youth Capital 2013 status.

This city is in a privileged position as it will host the assembly and eighty young people will be in attendance. The assembly has the potential to become an annual event and act as a model of practice to demonstrate youth democracy in action. The

involvement of partner organisa-tions involved in the already exist-ing PoP structure in addition to the involvement of Derry City Council and Northern Ireland Youth Forum presents an excellent opportunity to embed a necessary participation structure for young people in the North West.

82

UrniK ProjeKta why?

Faza

Priprava

aktivnost trajanje (približno) časovni okvir

Spoznavanje demokracije

Delavnice z udeleženci v obliki razprave 2–3 ure na razpravo november–januar

Raziskovanje konceptov v povezavi z demokracijo –

individualno raziskovanje in skupinsko srečanje

Obisk lokalnih oblasti (mestni svet)

Priprava vprašanj za srečanje s politiki

Srečanje s politiki – vprašanja in odgovori

Dialog in debatne delavnice

Obisk vlade (parlamentarni prostori na ulici Stormont)

"Imitacija vlade"

4 ure (2 + 2 uri)

3 ure (1 ura)

2 uri

2 uri

2 uri

2 uri

2 uri

januar

25. januar

1. februar

8. februar

15. februar

8. marec

15. marec

Dogodek Open Space

Dogodek Open Space – pripravijo ga udeleženci

sami, lahko se jim pridruži 30–40 udeležencev iz drugih

projektov

celodnevni dogodek 29. marec

Lokalni projekt

Vključuje vrstnike in lokalne skupnosti – odgovori na

vprašanja, ki so bila zastavljena v fazi priprave in o katerih so

se udeleženci že pogovarjali na dogodku Open Space

6 mesecev april–avgust

Skupno plenarno srečanje (v okviru PoP projekta in skupščine mladih) – 20

mladih in trije člani osebja, vsak iz ene države ter 40

udeležencev PoP projekta

V program so vključeni udeleženci obeh organizacij, da lahko delijo svoje znanje,

razpravljajo in pripravljajo načrte za nadaljnje korake

programa

3 dni 24.–27. oktober

Predstavitev poročila in projekta Why? kot primera

dobre prakse javnosti2 uri december

83

Projects why? timetaBLe

Phase

Preparation

action approx duration timescale

Exploring Democracy

Discussion Workshops with participants 2/3 hours per session November - January

Explore concepts around democracy - individual research

and group meeting

Visits to local government (City Council)

Development of questions for Q & A with politicians

Q & A session with local politicians

Dialogue and debate workshops

Visit to Central Government (Parliament Buildings,

Stormont)

"Mock government"

4 hours (2 + 2 hours)

3 hours (1 hour)

2 hours

2 hours

2 hours

2 hours

2 hours

January

25 January

1 February

8 February

15 February

8 March

15 March

Open Space Event

Open Space Meeting – Self organisation event involving participants and up to 30/40

peers from other projectsDay-long event 29 March

Local Action Project

Involving peers and local communities – responding to issues rose during prep phase and explored further in Open

Space – it’s not possible to identify how many days or

hours will be devoted at this point because projects have yet

to be identified

6 months April - August

Joint Plenary (part of The PoP Project youth assembly) – 20 young people & 3 staff each from each country +

40 pop participants

Programme involving participants from both

organisations to share learning, engage in discussions and

develop action planning for next steps in programme

3 days 24–27 October

Launch of Report to publicise and profile The "Why" Project as

a Model of good practice 2 hours December

84

Kje je moj javni UsLUžBenec?

Kratica WIMPS pomeni "Where Is My Public Servant?", kar se v prevodu glasi "Kje je moj javni uslužbenec?". Gre za spletno stran in projekt, ki ga mladi izvajajo za mlade. Njegovo bistvo je, da mladi sporočajo svoje ideje in da jim projekt pomaga pri vplivanju na odločevalce v vladi in v drugih ustanovah ter da spreminjajo in izboljšujejo stvari v svojem lokalnem okolju.

viZije ProjeKta

•  pomoč pri oblikovanju pomembnih odnosov med mladimi in nosilci odločanja, ki vplivajo na njihovo življenje,

•  projekt mora biti informativen, navdihujoč, nepristranski in dostopen vsem. Mladi kot pomembna sila na Severnem Irskem in drugod po svetu naj bodo ustvarjalni, samostojni, dobro izobraženi in samozavestni.

Kaj vse omogoča sPLetna stran wimPs ProjeKta?

Spletna stran vsebuje podatkovno bazo vseh predstavnikov ljudstva na Severnem Irskem. Iskanje poteka s pomočjo poštne številke, ki prepozna vse predstavnike – od lokalnih svetov do Evropskega parlamenta. Uporabniki lahko vtipkajo priimek politika, s katerim se želijo povezati, lahko pa tudi ime ministrstva, na primer za izobraževanje. Nato lahko napišejo sporočilo in ga pošljejo predstavnikom, ki so aktivni na področjih, ki jih zanimajo. Seveda se morajo predhodno registrirati.

Vodje projekta in prostovoljni "inštruktorji" vsakodnevno posodabljajo stran. Pripravljajo

članke, video posnetke in informacije o celi vrsti področij, ki zanimajo mlade, ter poročajo o projektih in temah, pri katerih sodelujejo skupine mladih. A sodelovanje mladih je prav tako pomembno, saj je zaželeno, da komentirajo, dodajajo vsebino, razpravljajo. Povezujejo se lahko tudi zasebno prek elektronske pošte.

Mladi z vse Severne Irske lahko kontaktirajo upravitelje spletne strani in prejmejo navodila ter nasvete, kako ukrepati v svojem lokalnem okolju pri stvareh, ki se jih tičejo in jim je mar zanje. Na spletno stran lahko dodajo svoje objave, lahko pa kontaktirajo upravitelje in jih obvestijo, da snemajo film ali izvajajo projekt v svojem okolišu.

Projekt WIMPS (vključno s spletno stranjo) trenutno financira The Atlantic Philanthropies. Majhno število subvencij, donacij in drugih prihodkov zagotovita Public Achievement in Achieve Enterprises.

Projekt izvajajo mladi za mlade. Začeli so leta 2004 z idejo, kako pripraviti politike, da bodo za mlade bolj pomembni. Odločili so se, da je eden od načinov ta, da jih opozorijo, da delajo zanje – prebivalce. Mladim so zagotovili prostor, kjer lahko razpravljajo in se pogovarjajo o različnih vprašanjih. A radi bi storili še več – radi bi bili organizirani, radi bi se borili in politikom ter drugim neposredno predstavili svoje poglede ter vplivali na odločitve, ki se tičejo njihovega življenja.

Kdo so javni UsLUžBenci?

Javni uslužbenci so – najpogosteje – politiki. Posamezniki, ki jih ljudstvo izvoli, da jih zastopajo, delujejo v dobro ljudstva. Lahko pa so tudi drugi – na primer upravnik policije, ki vodi policijo, in zagovornik otrok, ki ščiti pravice mladih. A ti posamezniki vse

prepogosto ne uslišijo glasov mladih. Projekt na številne načine zagotavlja, da slišijo, kar jim imajo mladi povedati: •  intervjuji,•  filmi,•  kampanje,•  novi bilteni,•  članki,•  elektronska pošta.

Kaj Počnejo?

Uspešno so določili mnoga področja, ki mladim največ pomenijo. Mladim pomagajo, da pritegnejo pozornost politikov, in jim razložijo ter pomagajo razumeti, kaj mladi dejansko želijo.

Pozornost posvečajo oblikovanju spretnosti in veščin naših članov – oziroma WIMPS ekipe, kot jih imenujejo. To počnejo z rednim usposabljanjem, kjer jih učijo, kako: •  urediti video,•  intervjuvati odločevalce,•  pisati za spletno stran,•  uporabljati kamere,•  voditi kampanje.

Te izkušnje mladim vlivajo zaupanje, samozavest in spretnosti, ki jim pomagajo v vsakodnevnem življenju.

Severna Irska: Projekt WIMPS

85

where is my PUBLic servant?

WIMPS stand for "Where Is My Public Servant?" It is a web site and project run by and for young people. It is about getting your ideas out there and in particular to help you to in-fluence decision makers in govern-ment and other places, as well as changing and improving things in your community.

the wimPs vision

•  To help create meaningful rela-tionships between young people and the decision makers who influence their lives.

•  To be informative, inspiring, un-biased and accessible to everyone; creating, sustaining and multiplying educated and empowered young people as a significant force for good in Northern Ireland and the world.

what does the wimPs site do?

The site has a database of all public representatives in Northern Ireland searchable by using your postcode to identify all your representatives from local Council to European Par-liament level. You can also type in the name of the politician you want to connect with - or the name of a Government Department - such as “Education”. You can then write a message, and click on a button to send emails to these representatives about the issues they are interested in (you need to be a registered user before you can do this).

WIMPS Crew Members, volunteer 'Coaches' and Public Achievement staff update the site every day. They create articles, videos and informa-

tion about a range of issues of inter-est for young people, and reports on projects and issues that groups of young people are working on. But your involvement is just as important. Comment, add content, discuss. You can also comment behind the scenes through our Mailbox.

Young people all over Northern Ireland can also contact the site to receive direction and advice in how to take action on community issues that affect them and that they feel strongly about. You can also add your own media to the site - or con-tact us about making a film or doing a project in your community.

The WIMPS Project (including this web site) is currently funded by The Atlantic Philanthropies, a small number of other grants, do-nations and income generated by Public Achievement and Achieve Enterprises.

WIMPS stand for "Where Is My Public Servant? " It is a project run by and for young people. We started (way back in 2004!) with an idea - how do we make politics more relevant to young people? We decided one way of do-ing this was to remind politicians that they work for us - the citizens. We have created this space for young people like you to discuss and debate issues. We also want to do more - to get organised, to campaign and to bring our views directly to politicians and others, and to influence the deci-sions that affect our lives.

who are PUBLic servants?

Public servants are – most often – politicians. People who the public vote for to represent them work for the public good. They can also be other figures - like the Chief Con-

stable - who heads the police or the Children's Commissioner - who pro-tects young people's rights. But too often these people don’t hear the voices of young people.

We make sure they hear what we have to say in a number of ways:•  Interviews.•  Films.•  Campaigns.•  News bulletins.•  Articles.•  Emails.

what we do

We have successfully targeted many issues that matter most too young people. We help young people hold decision-makers to account and help them understand what young people actually want.

We also focus attention on building the skills of our members - or as we call them – the WIMPS Crew. We do this through regularly training them on how to:•  Edit video.•  Interview decision makers.•  Write for the web site.•  Use the cameras.•  Run a campaign.

This experience gives young people confidence and skills that help them in their everyday lives.

The WIMPS project is open to any young person who wants to get involved in our ever-changing pro-gramme. If we don't have a group near you, we will soon - or you can help us to set one up!

Northern Ireland: The WIMPS Project

86

Slovenija: Spletni portal www.politikajekul.si

Projekt Politika je kul izvaja Zavod akademija naprednih idej. Projekt se je začel kot mladinska pobuda v okviru zavoda ANI. Projekt je bil tudi iniciator celotnega projekta Velike ideje malih ljudi!.

Osnovni namen projekta je spodbujati mlade k aktivni participaciji v družbi. Skozi primere političnega udejstvovanja želimo mladim približati politiko in na konkretnih primerih pokazati, da je možno interese družbene skupine doseči na raznovrstne načine. Projekt mladim politiko predstavlja na bolj zabaven način. Želimo jih opremiti z znanjem, ki ga bodo lahko v svojih lokalnih okoljih uporabili in ga hkrati tudi znali posredovati naprej.

Mladi vse prevečkrat pojem politike razumejo zgolj kot strankarsko politiko. To je razumljivo, saj je političnim strankam s področja kreiranja politik namenjenega daleč največ prostora v medijih. Mladim želimo predstaviti klasično politično delovanje v Sloveniji in demokratične procese ter jih spodbuditi k različnim možnostim drugačnega vplivanja na družbene in politične odločitve ter vključevanja v družbeno življenje v svoji lokalni skupnosti.

Namen spletne strani ni le informiranje mladih, ampak tudi promocija aktivnega vključevanja mladih, aktivnega državljanstva, demokratičnega procesa ter podpora mladinskemu delu.

Osnovna celica projekta je spletni portal, ker se objavljajo različni prispevki na temo razvoja politik v družbi. Prispevki so združeni v naslednja poglavja:•  teme družbenih politik,•  dobre prakse s strani

vključevanja mladih in razvoja politik,

•  intervjuji,•  baza znanja,

•  publikacije,•  različne povezave na druge

spletne strani.

Glavno orodje, ki ga želimo skozi spletni portal uporabljati, pa so različne multimedijske vsebine. Tako želimo vsebine približati mladim. Vsebine ustvarjajo mladi za mlade.

V okviru projekta politikajekul.si je nastala tudi publikacija z naslovom abeceda politike.

Abeceda politike je publikacija v slovenskem jeziku, ki mladim približa delovanje demokratičnih struktur in postopke odločanja v naši družbi.

Publikacija obravnava poglavja, ki govorijo o tem, zakaj politika, kaj je demokracija in kaj so demokratični procesi. V publikaciji so orisane poti razvoja politik, opisano je, kdo so politiki, kako poteka proces voljenja in kdo odloča o stvareh v naši skupnosti na različnih nivojih družbe (lokalna raven, nacionalna raven, raven EU).

Publikacija je dostopna na spletni strani www.politikajekul.si. Podobna publikacija v angleškem jeziku z naslovom Democracy cookbook pa je dostopna na spletni strani http://www.dopolitics.org.uk.

87

Slovenia: Politics is cool! Web page www.politikajekul.si

Project “Politika je kul” is project from Zavod akademija naprednih idej. Project was started as youth initia-tive inside Youth in action program. This project was also initiative idea to start “Little People, Big Ideas!”

Main purpose of the project is to empower young people toward more active participation in society. Through the cases of political par-ticipation and policy development we want to bring them closer to young people. We want to show on concrete cases that interest of spe-cific society groups can be achieved through different ways. We want to present politics to young people on more interesting and fun way. We want to equip young people with knowledge which they can use and also share in their local environment.

Young people are understanding term policy and politics (in Slovene language same spelling “politika” like “mladinska politika” as youth policy and “dnevna politika” for daily politics) to much in way of daily par-

ty politics. It’s understandable as po-litical parties get much more space in media then other forms of policy development. We want to present to young people democratic processes in the country and encourage them to use all possible means to influ-ence policy development. Purpose of web page is not only to inform young people but also to promote active citizenship, youth involve-ment, democratic processes and to support youth work.

Main cell of the project is web page, where we publish different articles on the topic of policy development. You can find articles under chapters:•  Policies•  Good practices on youth involve-

ment in policy development•  Interviews•  Knowledge base•  Publications•  Links to other resources

Main tool that we want to use through web page are multimedia tools. We think that through using

innovative media we can come clos-er to young people. Content is made by young people.

As part of the project we produced a publication with a title “aBc of politics” which you can find in Slov-enian language on web page www.politikajekul.si. Publication is cover-ing the areas: Why politics? What is politics and what are political pro-cedures? Who is deciding and who elects them... Similar projet in UK with a title Democracy cookbook can be found on www.dopolitics.org.uk.

88

Projekt Mladi odpiramo prostor: Vzpostavljanje in razvoj lokalnih mladinskih politik je projekt konzorcija več organizacij, ki ga vodi Mladinski svet Ajdovščina. Projekt spodbuja vlogo mladih pri razvoju demokratične družbe, še posebno v lokalnem javnem življenju. Poslanstvo projekta, kot je tudi razvidno iz njegovega imena, je vzpostaviti in razviti mladinske politike na ravni lokalnih skupnosti – tako na vertikalnem nivoju kot tudi v področnih mladinskih politikah, kot so stanovanjski, zaposlitveni, izobraževalni in podobni ukrepi za mlade.

aKtivnosti:

Spletna stran o lokalnih mladinskih politikah predstavlja orodje za izvajanje ukrepov s področij mladinskih politik za lokalne skupnosti (občinske uprave in politike) ter mlade (mladinske organizacije, mladinske skupine in mlade posameznike). Na spletni strani so redno objavljene vsebine, ki omogočajo takojšen pristop k izvrševanju predlaganih ukrepov.

Preučevanje in modeliranje na področnih lokalnih mladinskih politikah: projekt identificira primere dobrih praks lokalnih skupnosti, ki imajo določene področne politike dobro razvite, primere dobrih praks

prenaša v druga okolja, ta vzorec prenosa analizira in ga predlaga kot enega od možnih načinov ukrepanja v določeni področni politiki vsem lokalnim skupnostim. Obravnavane področne mladinske politike so zaposlovanje, stanovanja, izobraževanje in usposabljanje, načrtovanje in varovanje okolja, prostočasne dejavnosti.

Izdelani in izvedeni izobraževalni moduli tako za mladinske organizacije kot tudi za lokalne skupnosti, ki bodo prek spletne strani in publikacij na voljo tudi po končanem projektu.

Spodbujanje udeležbe mladih v nevladnih organizacijah in političnih aktivnostih: projekt spodbuja in usposablja mlade za delo v mladinskih organizacijah in spodbuja udeležbo mladih (prek lokalnih mladinskih svetov) na lokalnih volitvah.

Spodbujanje vpeljave struktur, ki omogočajo uresničitev področnih politik tako, da mladim omogočajo sodelovanje pri odločitvah in razpravah, ki se nanašajo nanje.

Spodbujanje ustanavljanja in razvoja mladinskih svetov lokalnih skupnosti s konkretno pomočjo občinskim upravam in mladim (ter

mladinskim organizacijam).

Dodane vrednosti za mlade:•  s projektom dosegamo temeljno

doktrino, da se mladi ne le učijo o demokraciji in poslušajo o njej, temveč jim projekt daje možnost, da jo uporabljajo,

•  uporabna vrednost konkretnih rezultatov projekta v procesu oblikovanja politik in s tem izboljšanje položaja mladih v obdobju po zaključku projekta,

•  izboljšanje dostopnosti mladih do različnih programov in oblik vseživljenjskega učenja v okoljih, kjer mladi nimajo možnosti za udeležbo. Projekt jim daje kompetence in jih spodbuja k aktivnemu udejstvovanju v različnih mladinskih strukturah in s tem omogoča tudi manj aktivnim mladim, da se vključujejo v mladinske strukture,

•  dvigovanje kakovosti vzgojno-izobraževalnega sistema s povečanjem pestrosti obstoječega predmeta državljanske vzgoje z vsebinami, ki so namenjene samo mladim,

•  prek usposabljanj se razvijajo kompetence, ki mladim omogočajo večjo udeležbo v družbenem življenju,

•  skozi projekt zagotavljamo informiranje mladih o zadevah, ki jih zadevajo.

Slovenija: Mladi odpiramo prostor (www.mladi-in-obcina.si)

89

Project “Youth opening the space (Mladi odpiramo proctor): to de-velop and establish local youth poli-cies” is a project from a consortium of many organisations conducted by Youth council of Ajdovščina.

Project encourages role of young people at the development of dem-ocratic society, especially in local public life. Purpose of the project is to develop and establish youth policies on local level as also on ver-tical level on fields of youth policies as: education, employability, hous-ing and other youth measures...

activities

Web page on local youth policies presenting tool for realizing meas-urements on youth policy area for local communities and young peo-ple. We are publishing content that can be immediately taken and put in use.

Studying and developing models of local youth policies.

Identification of cases of good prac-tices. Good practices can be taken into other environments. We are also analysing differences between com-munities and are considering this in our recommended models.

Develop and realize educational modules for youth organizations and decision makers from local com-munities.

Encouragement participation of young people in NGO sector and po-litical activities

Project is encouraging and educat-ing for work in youth organisations and is encouraging participation of young people in local elections.

Encouragement of implementation of structures that young people can permanently participate in decision making processes regarding youth policies in their community.

Encouragement of establishment and development of local youth councils around the country.

Added value for young people:•  Young people cannot just be

taught about democracy, they should be given opportunity to use it.

•  Useful value of concrete project results and past realised good practices for permanent use – sustainability.

•  Improved accessibility of young people to different long life learning programmes. Project is giving competences and skills to

young people whom they can use to actively participate and develop youth sector in their community.

•  Increasing level of educational process

•  Information for young people about youth policies and other matters.

Slovenia: Youth oppening the space (www.mladi-in-obcina.si)