literary elements. types of characters round: a character that has many facets and well developed by...
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Literary Elements
Types of Characters
•Round: A character that has many facets and well developed by the author.
• Flat: characters who are one-sided and stereotypical.
Types of Characters
•Dynamic: A character who changes in some fundamental way during the course of the story.
•Static: A character who remains the same.
Types of Characters
• Protagonist: the main character in a play, story, or film.
• Antagonist: the person or force in fiction that opposes the protagonist, or main character.
Characterization
• Direct: The author develops the personality of characters by direct statements about who they are and what they are like.
• Indirect: The author reveals a character’s personalities through: Character’s thoughts Comments from other characters The character’s physical appearance
Conflict
• the struggle between characters or forces in a play, novel, short story, narrative poem, or film.
Types of Conflict
• Interpersonal - Man vs. Man (person vs. person)
•One character struggles against another character
Types of Conflict
• Intrapersonal (Internal) - Person vs. Self
•A character battles his own weakness, fears, or faults.
Types of Conflict
•Man vs. Nature: a character is pitted against the forces of nature.
•Man vs. Society: a struggle between the protagonist and the culture in which he/she lives.
Motif
•a word, character, object, image, metaphor or idea that recurs in a work or several works
Examples of Motif
• For example, in Haroun and the Sea of Stories, water is a recurring image prevalent in various parts of the novel.
OR
• In many heroic tales, the hero is a “reluctant hero”. He/She may be apprehensive to begin a journey.
Mood
• The attitude of the author toward the subject.
Mood
• Fantasia frequently uses music and setting to drastically shift the mood from light and playful to dark and foreboding.
Tone
• The reflection of a writer’s attitude, mood, and manner in his or her writing.
• The attitude of the author toward the audience.
Imagery
• “mental pictures” created by the author which would appeal to one or more of our five senses
• It is important to note that imagery does not just describe what someone sees. It goes deeper than that. It can appeal to ALL of the senses.
Symbolism
• In a literary work, something which is itself and represents something else, but it has to be present in the work of literature. It is usually an object, but it can be a person or an action.
• Often drawn from nature. • Example - a sunrise might symbolize hope or a
new beginning.
Symbolism Example
Dumbo’s “magic” feather represents courage and self-confidence. Once he truly believes in himself, he no longer needs it as a psychological crutch.
Theme
•A statement of observation the author makes about society, human nature, or universal truth, which is the central or dominating idea in the literature.
-It is NOT the moral or lesson.
-Think-People often…..
Theme
•Themes are not one-word answers. For example, the theme of Haroun and the Sea of Stories is NOT “storytelling”.
Examples of Theme
• Perseverance usually pays off.
• First impressions are not always accurate.
• Love is often found when one is least expecting it.
• People often overestimate their abilities.
• People often misjudge others before understanding them.
Allegory
• a story with an underlying meaning. Characters, events and details have literal and symbolic meanings.
• For example, the characters and events in Animal Farm (published in 1954) represent people and events of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Allusion
• An indirect reference to a work of literature or art or to a well-known person, place, or event.
•Example: “It was like all Hades broke loose” -Warriors Don’t Cry
• In The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the gargoyle Laverne tells a flock of pigeons to “Fly my pretties! Fly, Fly!” à la the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz.
•If you were trying to instill confidence in a friend and said, “Use the force,” that would be an allusion to Star Wars.
•The verb form of allusion is to allude.
Elements of Plot
• EXPOSITION: INTRODUCES BACKGROUND INFO ABOUT CHARACTERS, SETTING, OR CONFLICT.
• RISING ACTION: EVENTS THAT DEVELOP THE CONFLICT TO A HIGH POINT OF INTENSITY.
• CLIMAX: HIGHEST POINT OF INTEREST OR SUSPENSE.
Elements of Plot
• FALLING ACTION: ANYTHING THAT LEADS TO THE RESOLUTION.
• RESOLUTION: POINT WHERE CONFLICT IS ENDED/RESOLVED
• DENOUEMENT: LOOSE ENDS ARE TIED UP.
• They all lived happily ever after
Elements of Plot
• A Exposition
• B Rising Action
• C Climax
• D Falling Action
• E Resolution
• F Denouement