TOEFLITP & LOCAL & PAPER

TOEFLContentsIntroduction Part one (Listening)i. Listening Skills (Longman).ii. Thirty Common English Idiomsiii. Idioms (TOEFL secrets).iv. Idioms (speak English like an American).v. Idioms & Usage (4000 vocabulary).vi. Phrasal verbs list (Improve your skills).Part Two (Structure)i. Structure Skills (Longman).ii. List of irregular verbs.iii. List of irregular Plural Forms (The dictionary).iv. Prepositions.v. Word ending – Formation.Part Three (Reading)i. Reading Skills (Longman)ii. prefixes & Suffixesiii. 400 Words for TOEFL Part Four (Writing)i. Writing Skills (Longman) ASAPReferences

IntroductionThe TOEFL ITP test consists of four separate sections. Questions in each section are in multiple-choice format with four answers per question. Two answers are irrelevant and are called distracters and the other two can be although the questions are different on all editions of the test.- Section 1(listening comprehension) measures the ability of the test-taker to understand spoken North Americans English.- Section 2(structure and written expression) tests the examinee’s ability to recognize correct written English.- Section 3(reading comprehension) examine the student’s skill at reading and understating written passages similar in topic and style to those found in north American colleges and universities .- Section 4(Test of Written English) demonstrate their ability to produce correct, organized, and meaningful English. Examinees must write an essay on a given topic in thirty minutes.TOEFL ITP (140 Questions – 145 minutes)Section No. Questions Admin. Time Score ScaleListening comprehension 50 questions 35 minutes 31-68

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Structure and written expression 40 questions 25 minutes 31-68Reading comprehension 50 questions 55 minutes 31-67Test of Written English (TWE) 1 essay question 30 minutes -----------TOTAL 140 questions,1essay 145 minutes 217-667

The listening sectionThere are three types of questions:1- Short conversations.2- Long conversations and class discussions.3- Lectures.The structure sectionThere are two different types of problems:1- Incomplete sentence.2- Sentence with underline words and phrases.The reading sectionThere are many different types of problems (about 5 passages followed by 10 questions for each passage)The writing sectionThere is one essay question

Part one (Listening)I- Listening Skills (Longman)Types of listening questions:a. Short dialogues: are two-line dialogues between two speakers each followed by a multiple choice question. the 30 short dialogues and 30 questions about them make up part A of the testb. Long conversations: are 60-90 second conversations on casual topics between students each followed by a number of multiple choice questions. The two conversations and the seven to nine questions that accompany them make up part B of the test.c. Talks: are 60-90 second talks about school life or on academic subjects, each followed by a number of multiple questions. The three lectures and the 11-13 questions that accompany them make up part C of the test.General strategies for listening comprehension:1- Be familiar with the directions. 2- Listen carefully to the passage.3- Know where the easier and the more difficult questions are generally found.3- Be familiar with the pacing of the test. (You have 12 seconds between each question on the recording. so you must answer within 12 seconds and then prepared for the next question.4- Never leave any answers blank on your answer sheet.5- Use any remaining time to look ahead the answers to the question that follow.Short dialoguesVery important notes1- As you listen to each dialogue, focus on the second line of the conversations. The answer to the question is generally found in the second line.

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2- Keep in mind that the correct answer is probably a restatement of a key word or idea in the second line of the dialogue. Think of passable restatements.3- Keep in mind that certain structures and expressions are tested regularly in the short dialogue. listen for these structure and expressions :a. Structure (passive, negatives, wishes, conditions)b. Functional expressions (agreement, uncertainly, suggestion, surprise)c. Idiomatic expressions (two-part verbs, three-part verbs , idioms)4- Keep in mind that these questions generally progress easy to difficult. This mean that questions 1 through 5 will be easiest and questions 26 through 30 will be the hardest.5- Read the answers and chose the best answer to each question. Remember to answer each question even if you are not sure of the correct response. Never leave any answers blank.6- Even if you do not understand the complete dialogue, you can still find the correct answer :a. If you only understand a few words or ideas in the second line, chose the answer that contains a restatement of those words or ideas.b. If you do not understand anything at all in the second line of the conversation, chose the answer that sounds that sounds the most different from what you heard.c. Never choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the dialogue.7- Be prepared for the next question. You have only 12 seconds between questions.A- Listening Part A : short conversations(1)- Strategies Skill 1: focus on the last lineStrategy skill 1: Focus on the last line1- The last line of the dialogue probably contains the answer to the question.2- Listen to the first line of the dialogue. If you understand it, that’s good. If you don’t understand it, don’t worry because it probably does not contain the answer.3- Be ready to focus on the last line of the dialogue because it probably contains the answer. Repeat the last line in your mind as you read through the answer in the text

Skill 2: choose answers with synonymsStrategy Skill 2: choose answers with synonyms1- As you listen to the last of the dialogue, focus on key words in that line.2- If you see any synonyms for key words in a particular answers, then you have probably found the correct answer

Skill 3: avoid similar sounds Strategy Skill 3: avoid similar sounds1- Identify key words in the last line of the dialogue.

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2- Identify words in the answers that contain similar, and not chose these answers.

(2)- Who, what, whereSkill 4: draw conclusions about who, what, wheredraw conclusions about who, what, whereIt is common for you to be asked to draw one of the following conclusions in the short dialogues:1- WHO is probably talking?2- WHAT will s/he probably do next?3- WHERE does the dialogue probably take place?

Skill 5: listen for who and what in passivePassive statement1- If the dialogue contains a passive statement, the answer to the question is often an active statement.2- If the dialogue contains an active statement, the answer to the question is often a passive statement.NOTE: check carefully who or what is doing the action in these questions.

Skill 6: listen for who and what with multiple nounswho and what with multiple nounsWhen there are multiple nouns in a sentence, it is common for the answers to confuse which noun does what.

(3)- NegativesSkill 7: listen for negative expressionsTypes of negative expressionsExpressions Example Correct answerRegular negative: not or n’t Tom is not sad about the results Not sad = happyOther negatives: nobody , none, nothing, never Nobody arrived on timeSal never works hard Nobody … on time = lateNever works hard = lazyNegative prefixes : in-, dis- The patient was insane Insane = not sane = crazy

Skill 8: listen for double negative expressions Double negative Situation Example MeaningNegative word (not, no, none) and a negative prefix (in, un, dis) He didn’t like the unclean office Did not like unclean office= liked clean officeTwo negative verbs It isn’t snowing so they aren’t going to the mountains Implies that they would go if it were snowingNeither or not …. Either Sue, didn’t like the movie, and neither did mark Both did not like the movie

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Skill 9: listen for “almost negative” expressionsCommon almost negative ExpressionsMeaning Expressions Example Almost none HardlyBarelyScarcelyOnly There is a hardly any food in the refrigeratorAlmost never RarelySeldom He rarely drives to work

Skill 10: listen for negative with comparativesComparatives with negative Comparatives Example MeaningMore No one is more beautiful than she is She is the most beautiful-er He couldn’t be happier He is extremely happy(4)- FunctionsSkill 11: listen for expressions of agreementexpressions of agreementAgreement with positive statements Agreement with negative statementsSo do I.Me, too.I’ll say!Isn’t it!You can say that again! Neither do I.I don’t eitherSkill 12: listen for expressions uncertainty and suggestionexpressions uncertainty and suggestionuncertainty suggestion..Isn’t it (tag)?As far as I know.As far as I can tell. Why not….?Let’s …..

Skill 13: listen for emphatic expressions of surpriseExpressions of emphatic surpriseVerb Emphatic form Example MeaningBeModalPresent tense

Past tensePerfect tense Be, with emphasisModal, with emphasisDo(es), with emphasis

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Did, with emphasisHave, with emphasis Then he is here!Then you can goThen you do play tennis

Then she did read itThen he has gone there I thought he was not hereI thought you could not goI thought you did not play Tennis

I thought she had not read itI thought he had not gone there

(5)- Contrary MeaningsSkill 14: listen for wishesKey information about wishesPoint Example Meaning1- An affirmative implies a negative realty.2- A negative wish implies an affirmative realty.I wish I had time to helpI wish I did not have not time to help = no time to help= time to help1- A past tense verb implies a present realty.2- A past perfect tense implies a past realty. I wish he were at home *I wish he had been at home = is not at home= was not at home*note: remember that were is used instead of was in wishes. I wish I were going

Skill 15: Listen for untrue conditionsKey information about untrue conditionsPoint Example Meaning1- An affirmative implies a negative realty.2- A negative wish implies an affirmative realty. If she were at home, she could do itIf she weren’t at home, she could do it = at home= at home1- A past tense verb implies a present realty.2- A past perfect tense implies a past realty. If I had money, I would buy itIf I had had money, I would have bought it = do not have money= did not have moneyHe can be used without if Had I had money have bought it = did not have money

(6)- Idiomatic languageSkill 16: Listen for two-and three- parts verbsVerb Meaning Verb MeaningCut down Decrease it Cut off Stop supply ofCut it out Stop it Get ahead Advance

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Get along Be friendly Get at ImplyGet back Get revenge from Get by MangeGet over Recover from Get rid of Throw away

Verb Meaning Verb MeaningBrush it off Not let it effect Brush up Review, relearnCome across Unexpectedly find Come down with Get sick withLook after Take care off Look into InvestigateLook it over Look at it briefly Pick on BotherPick out Choose Pick up Come and get

Verb Meaning Verb MeaningCall on Visit Call off CancelCall for Request, suggest Call up TelephoneGive away Donate Give back ReturnGive up Surrender Put off DelayPut on Dress in Put up with Tolerate

Verb Meaning Verb MeaningBreak into Unlawfully enter Break off endCarry it off Succeed Carry on ContinueHold off Postpone Keep it up ContinueLay off Fire Run into Unexpectedly meetRun out of Fully use the supply of Wear out tireVerb Meaning Verb MeaningPlay up Increase the significance of Pull it off SucceedShow off Try to attract attention Show up ArriveTake place Happen Take turns AlternateTake up Begin Turn down RefuseTurn in Submit Turn into become

Skill 17: listen for idiomsIdiom MeaningBurn the candle at both ends Doing too muchPut the car before the horse Doing something in the wrong orderPut his foot in his mouth Saying embarrassing thingsBeat around the bush Speaking indirectlyLook for a needle in a haystack Doing something difficultPlay with fire Doing something dangerousBark up the wrong tree making a mistakeLook out for number one Thinking only about himselfTake forever and a day Talking a really long timeKill two birds with one stone Accomplishing two things at onceMiss the boat Missed an opportunityJump out of the frying pan and into the fire Going from bad to worseBetween a rock and a hard place Without any good options

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Head and shoulders above the rest The bestAll in a day’s work Nothing out of the ordinaryJack of all trades Accomplished at many thingsLike trying to swim upstream Really difficult or frustratingOne in a million Really wonderfulOff the hock Not responsible any longerAll in the same boat In the same situationLike two peas in a pod Exactly alikeA chip off the old block Just like his fatherOn her last legs Very tiredOn the tip of my tongue An idea that is not in wordstwo heads are better than one It’s good to work togetherYou could hear a pin drop it was really quitSix of one , half dozen of the other It doesn’t matterTo each his own Everyone has a different opinionJust my luck I’m not so fortunateNo sooner said than done It will be done immediatelyHis bark is worse than his bite His words are worse than his actionsWhere there’s a will , there’s a way If you want something , you can do itSo far , so good It’s been going well up to nowEvery cloud has a silver lining Bad things are accompanied by goodRome wasn’t built in a day Everything takes timetwo heads are better than one You always want what you don’t haveturn over a new leaf start over againDon’t count your chickens before they hatched Depend on something you don’t haveStand on my own two feet Do it myselfStrike while the iron is hot Take advantage of a good opportunityHit the nail right on the head Were exactly rightLook before you leap Think before you actSink her teeth into Get really involved inDot all the I’s and cross all the t’s Pay attention to every detailRun around like a chicken with its head cut off Act overly nervous and excitedBe a piece of cake Be extremely easyLet sleeping dogs lie Leave something aloneHave been born with a silver spoon in his mouth Be spoiledB- Listening Part B : Long conversationsVery important notes1- If you have time, preview the answers to the questions. While you are looking at the answers, you should try to do the following:a. Anticipate the topics of the conversations you will hear.b. Anticipate the questions for each of the groups of answers.2- Listen carefully to the first line of the conversation. The first line of the conversation often contains the main idea, subject, or topic of the conversation, and you will often be asked to answer such questions.

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3- As you listen to the conversation, draw conclusions about the situation of the conversation: who is talking, where the conversation takes place, or w hen it takes place. You will often be asked to make such inferences about the conversation.4- As you listen to the conversation, follow along with the answers in your test book and try to determine the correct answers. Detail questions are generally answered in order in the conversation, and the answers often sound the same as what is said on the recording.5- You should guess even if you are not sure. Never leave any answers blank.6- Use any remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the questions that follow.Before listeningSkill 18: Anticipate the topicsIt is very helpful to your overall comprehension if you know what topics to expect in the long conversion. You should therefore try to anticipate the topics you will be hearing. For example, are the conversions about some aspect of school life, or some type of social issue, or a trip someone is planning? A helpful strategy is therefore to look briefly at the answers in the test book, before you actually hear the conversion on the recording, and try to determine the topics of the conversion that you will hear.Skill 19: Anticipate the questionsIt is very helpful to your ability to answer individual questions with the long conversion if you can anticipate what the question will be and listen specifically for the answers to those questions.While listening Skill 20: Determine the topicAs you listen to each long conversion, you should be thinking about the topic (subject) or main idea for each conversion. Since the first one or two sentences generally give the topic, you should be asking yourself what the topic is while you are listing carefully to the first part of the conversion.Skill 21: Draw conclusions about who, what, when, whereAs you listen to each long conversion, you should be trying to set the situation in your mind. You should be thinking the following thoughts: • Who is talking?• When does the conversion probably take place?• Where does the conversion probably take place?• What is the source of information for the conversion?On the recording you will hear:(Man) why do you have so many books?(Women) I need them for my paper on Gorge Washington. Do you know how I can check them out?(Man) Yes. You should go downstairs to the circulation desk and fill out a card for each book.You think:Who is probably talking? (Two students)

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Where are they? (in the library)What course are they discussing? (American History)

Skill 22: Listen for answers in orderThere are two possible methods to use while you listen to a long conversion:• You can just listen to the conversion (and ignore the answers).• You can follow along with the answers while you listen.Some students prefer to just listen to the conversion while it is being spoken, and if that method works well for you, then that is what you should do. Other students find that they ca n answer more questions correctly if they read along with the answers while the conversion is being spoken. Because the detail questions are answered in order, it is possible to read along whole you listen to the conversion on the recording.C- Listening Part C : Long TalksThree talks, each followed by a number of multiple-chaise questions, appear in Part C of the Listening Comprehension section of the test. You will hear the talks and the questions on a recording, they are not written in your test book. Like the conversion in Part B, the talks are often about aspect of school life or topics currently in the news. It is also very common for the talks to be shortened versions of lectures from courses taught in American colleges and universities.Very important notes1- If you have time, preview the answers to the questions. While you are looking at the answers, you should try to do the following:• Anticipate the topics of the talks you will hear.• Anticipate the questions for each of the groups of answers.2- Listen carefully to the first line of the talk. The first of the line often contains the main idea, subject, or topic if the talk and you will often be asked this type of question.3- As you listen to the talk, draw conclusions about the situation of the talk: who is talking, where or when the talks place, which course this might be given in. you will often be asked to make such inferences about the talk.4- As you listen to the talk, follow along with the answers in your test book and try to determine the correct answers. Detail questions are generally answered in order in the talks, and the answers often sound the same as what is said on the recording.5- You should guess even if you are not sure. Never leave any answers blank.6- Use the remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the questions that follow.

Before listeningSkill 23: Anticipate the topicsIt is very helpful to your overall comprehension if you know what topics to expect in the long talks. You should therefore try to anticipate the topics that you will be hearing (as you did with the long conversions). For example, are the talks about American history, or literature, or some aspect of school life? A

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helpful to look briefly at the answers in the test book, before you actually hear the talks on the recording, and try to determine the topics of the talks that you will hear.Skill 24: Anticipate the questionsIt is very helpful to your ability to answer individual questions with the long talks if you can anticipate what questions what the questions will be listen specifically for the answers to those questions (as you did with the long conversions).While listeningSkill 25: Determine the topicAs you listen to each long talk, you should be thinking about the topic (subject) or main idea for the talk (as you did with the long conversions). Since the first sentence is generally a topic sentence, you should be asking yourself what the topic is while you are listening carefully to the first part of the talk.On the recording, you hear:(Man) the major earthquake that occurred east of Los Angeles in 1971 is still the economy of the area today.You think: The topic of the talk is the effect of the 1971 earthquake on Los Angeles today.

Skill 26: Draw conclusions about who, what, when, whereAs you listen to each talk, you should be trying to set the situation in your mind (as you did with the long conversations). You should be thinking the following thoughts:• Who is talking?• When does the talk probably take place?• Where does the talk probably take place?• What course is the talk concerned with?• What is the source of information for the talk?

Skill 27: Listen for answers in orderThere are two possible methods to use while you listen to the talks.• You can just listen to the talk (and ignore the answers).• You can follow along with the answers while you listen.

II -Thirty Common English Idioms1 24/7 all the time; constantly My little sister irritates me 24/7!2 A short fuse A quick temper Jamie is known for his short fuse; just a few days ago he screamed at his coach for not letting him play3 A taste of your own medicine Bad treatment deservedly received for treating other people badly After constantly being prank-called, Julian decided to give Juan a taste of his own medicine and ordered twenty-seven pizzas to be delivered to Juan’s house4 Butterflies in my stomach To be nervous Liam had butterflies in his stomach before he went on stage to play the violin5 Cat got your tongue? Can’t you speak? (Usually said to embarrass the other

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person) I just saw you kissing my boyfriend. What’s the matter? Cat got your tongue?6 Down for the count Tired; giving up; unable or unwilling to participate any longer No, you can’t take my dog for a walk – she’s down for the count after chasing cats all day.7 Draw the line to know the point where something goes from okay to not okay Now I draw the line at speaking in front of 34,000 people8 Easier said than done Not as easy as it appears to be. You want me to come to work at 6:00 AM? Easier said than done!9 Every cloud has a silver lining You can find good in every bad situation Even though you just got fired, remember that every cloud has a silver lining – at least you don’t have to work for that grouchy boss anymore10 Finding a needle in a haystack Virtually impossible to find Trying to get a new job these days is like trying to find a needle in a haystack.11 Fish out of water To be out of place Tom felt like a fish out of water at the Star Trek convention his new girlfriend begged him to attend12 Get something off your chest to admit something you have done wrong I have to get this off my chest – I copied your answers from the test. Thanks for the “D” by the way13 Give it a whirl To try something I’ve never gone kite-boarding, but I’m prepared to give it a whirl!14 In the fast lane A life filled with excitement When Curtis turned forty, he decided he needed to live life in the fast lane, so he quit his job as a dentist and decided to tour Europe by motorcycle15 In the nick of time Almost too late You came to pick me up in the nick of time – my teacher just saw me skipping class and was on his way to give me detention16 Let the cat out of the bag Tell a secret Brady’s surprise party is going to be great if you don’t let the cat out of the bag.17 Lose your marbles To go crazy; insane Our professor has really lost his marbles; he assigned us seven essays this week!18 Once in a blue moon Rarely In Florida, the temperature drops below freezing only once in a blue moon.19 Plain as day Obvious; clear It’s plain as day that you’re in love with her, so just admit it.20 Play second fiddle To be less important I hate playing second fiddle to my sister; she always does things better than I do!21 Put your foot in your mouth Saying something you shouldn’t have Jessica really put her foot in her mouth when she asked about John’s job right after he lost it.22 Sick and tired To be bothered or annoyed by She is sick and tired of her dog chewing up her shoes every day23 Sleep on it To think about something for a while before making a decision Don’t tell me whether you’ll move to Texas with me or not today. Sleep on it, and get back to me tomorrow

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24 Snug as a bug in a rug Warm and cozy; content That baby looks as snug as a bug in a rug cuddled up next to his mother25 Stick your nose into something To interfere Sharon always sticks her nose into everyone else’s business.26 Straight from the horse’s mouth Directly from the person involved Listen to the news straight from the horse’s mouth; we’re all getting bonuses this week!27 Take it easy Relax I know you’re not feeling well, so try to take it easy today28 Tip of the iceberg The small easily visible part of a larger problem The fact that Carrie is dating a member of the mafia is just the tip of the iceberg; she’s also smuggling contraband into the country.29 To not see the wood for the trees To be so involved with the details that you don’t get the most important facts She always argues about the silliest things; it’s like she can’t see the wood for the trees30 Up a creek without a paddle ”: In an unlucky/bad situation If you don’t have any money to pay for the repairs we just made to your car, I guess you’re up a creek without a paddle because you can’t have your car back.III- Idioms (TOEFL secrets)Idiom MeaningAce make am 'A' on a test , homework assignment , project , etcAntsy tired of waitingAs easy as pie very easyAt the eleventh hour at the last minute , always too lateBad mouth say unkind , embarrassing and probably untrue about someoneBe a piece of cake be very easyBe all ears be eager to hear what some has to sayBe in and out be at and away from a place during a particular timeBe on the go : be very busyBeat around the bush avoid giving a direct answerBeat one's brain out try very hard to understand or do somethingBeats me have no ideaBefore long soonBent out of the shape need Lesley worried about somethingBlabber mouth a very talkative personBlow one's top become extremely angryBoom box CD cassette playerThe bottom line the most essential informationBreak a leg good luckBug annoy , bother someoneBull-headed stubborn , inflexibleA bundle a lot of moneyBurn the midnight oil study/work all night or until very , very late at nightBushed very tiredBy the skin of one's teeth barely succeed in doing somethingCall it a day stop work for the dayCan't make heads or tails of something can't understand something at all

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Catch one's eyes attract one's attention / interestCatch some Zs sleep for a while , take a napChicken cowardlyChow down eatA chinch something that is very easy to doCost (someone) an arm and a leg cost a lot , be very expensiveCouch potato someone who spend too much time watching TVCram try to learn as much as possible in a very short timeCrash course short course designed to give a lot of knowledge in a very short time .Cut it out stop doing something (that's annoying)Dicey uncertain , taking too much of a chanceDitch class skip class / play hookyDo a bang-up job do a very good job , do very well at somethingDown in the dumps depressed , blueDrop someone in a line write to someoneDrag one's feet delay , take longer than necessary to do somethingAn eager beaver a person who is always willing to volunteer or do extra workEasy does it be vary carful , don't do anything too fast or too hardAn egghead a very intelligent personElbow grease hard work , effortEvery other alternately , omitting the second one in each group of twoIdiom MeaningFar-fetched difficult to accept , difficult to believeFeel puny feel unwell , illFender – bender automobile accidentGet a kick out of something find something amusingGet a move on hurryGet one's wires crossed be confused or mistaken about somethingGet out of hand Become out of control , become badly managedGet up and go EnergyA (real) go – getter A (very) ambitious , hard – working personGo with the flow Take things as they comeGrab a bite Get something to eatGreen InexperiencedHard headed Stubborn , inflexible , unwilling to changeHave one’s hands full Be extremely busyHave / has (‘ve/’s) got Have / hasHave something down pat Know / understand something completely and thoroughlyHit the books StudyHit the hay / sack Go to bed , go to sleepHow come? Why ? (statement word order)In the black Profitable , not showing a financial lossIn the red Un profitable , showing a financial loss

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Jump all over someone Severely criticize / find fault with someoneJump the gun Do something before it’s time to do it Keep an eye on Check something regularlyKeep an eye out for Watch forKeep / stay in touch (with someone) Remain informed (about someone) / in a contact by writing , etcKeep one’s fingers crossed Hope for the bestKind of Rather , more or less , a littleKnow something inside out Know / understand something thoroughlyLeave well enough alone Do nothing (because doing something would make things worse) A let down A disappointment , something that’s very disappointingLive from hand to mouth Survive on very little money , have only enough moneyLive and let live Don’t unnecessarily make things difficultLousy Terrible , very badNosh SnackNot on your life Absolutely not , (a strong no)Now and then / Once in a while Occasionally , from time to timeNuke Heat in a microwaveNuts CrazyOn the cutting edge Using the most recent technologyPlastic Credit cardsPretty (adv) Rather , somewhatPull an all nighter study or work all night without getting any sleepPull someone’s leg Tease someone by trying to make her/him believe something untrueR and R Rest and relaxation (a vacation)Rain or shine No matter what weather isRub someone the wrong way Irritate someone , bother or annoy someoneRub down Not well , weak , needing repair Sleep on it Take at least a day to think about something before making a decisionA snap Something that’s very easy to doIdiom MeaningSooner or later EventuallySo – so Fair , notState of the art Using the latest technologyStep on it Hurry upToss something Throw something away , put something in the trashThere , there Expression of comfortTwo faced Deceitful , someone who pretends to be a friend but isn'tUnder the weather ill , sick , unwellUntil hell freezes over ForeverUntil you're blue in the face Forever

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Inside down With the bottom part on top part on bottomUsed to (+ V) An action that was true in the past but is not true nowWas my face red I was very embarrassedWear out one's welcome Make someone uncomfortable by visiting too longWhat for? Why?What's up? What's new? , what's happening?A yes man Someone who tries to get approval by agreeing with every oneYou don't say Really, is that really true?You've got to be kidding You can't be serious Yucky Terrible , distasteful , very unpleasantYummy DeliciousZilch NothingZip your lip Keep something secret Tell a white lie Say something that untrue in order not to hurt someoneTake it easy RelaxSort of Rather, somewhatRead someone’s mind Know what someone is thinkingpooped Very tiredPop quiz Short quizOn time At the scheduledOn the dot Exactly at a given timeOk Yes, so-so, well, approve (verb)Tough DifficultTake it easy RelaxTricky Easily confused or misunderstoodBe broke No moneyBucks DollarsFire DismissGet it UnderstandBe over FinishCool it Calm downFor ages Long timeGet lost Go awayBe on the road TravelBlue SadGet going LeaveBe up and running ReadyWith bells on Very eagerlyWishy-washy Without an opinion of one’s ownIV- Idioms (speak English like an American)Idiom Meaning Idiom Meaning# About to Ready to , on the verge of After all Despite everything , the fact At least Anyway , the good thing is (to) break the news To make something knownDead end job A job that won't lead to anything else Let's face it Accept a

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difficult realitygive one the creeps To create a feeling of horror Give someone the ax To fire someoneLose one's temper To become very angry No point in No reason toPut up with To endure without complaint Real flop or flop Failure(to) save the day To prevent a disaster Sharp as a tack Very intelligentTalk over To Discus Top dollar A lot of money# easier said than done More difficult than you think Got canned (slang) To get firedHang in there To preserve , to not give up Keep one's chin up To stay positiveIf worse comes to worst In the worst case Last resort Last solutionMake ends meet To mange one's okay Out of work UnemployedRight hand man Helpful assistant or employer Set eyes on To look atStab in the back To betray someone Thank goodness I'm gratefulThink big To set high goals When pigs fly Never# beside the point Not important Blow something To spoilBuckle down Start working seriously Can't stand To hateCut class To miss class without an excuse Lost cause Something hopeless(to) not give a hoot To not care about Slack off To waste time(to) stand a chance To have the possibility of success Over one's head Beyond one's understanding# drive one crazy To annoy someone very much Get into To enter a professionHit the nail on the head To be right Pay a complaint To give someone complaintShake in one’s show To be afraid Way to go Good work# Crazy about To like very much Drop by To pay time idlyHang out To spend out Under one’s breath Quietly, in a whisper# cheer someone up To make someone happy Good thinking Good ideaHave a heart of gold To be very kind and giving Make a bundle To make a lot of moneyJust what the DR order Exactly what was needed To be on edge Nervous# bright and early Early in the mooring Fat chance Definitely notTo give it a shot To try something Needless to say ObviouslyNot have a clue To know nothing about Work like a dog To work very hard# dime a dozen Common To make splash To win popularity fastPipe dream An unrealistic hope That’s the breaks When something happened# by far By a great difference It’s deal I agreeKid around To joke around # don ’t mention it You are welcome# From the scratch From the beginning Go nuts To be crazyRoll up one’s sleeves To prepare to work Sit tight To wait patientlyYou can say that again I agree with you Make a pig of oneself To eat too much# can ’t complain I am fine Crunch numbers To perform calculationsDrive a hard bargain T to be tough in negotiating an deal Get the ball rolling To get startedHow’s it going How are you? Now you’re talking You say right thingsTake it or leave it Accept or reject an offer Make a living To earn money

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Sweeten the deal To make an offer more attractive On the question Impossible# for heaven’s sake Expressing emotions such surprise Get going To leaveHelp out To give assistance Like crazy With great speedLike pulling teeth Very difficult Never mind It doesn’t matterPitch in To help Run around To move about quicklyThings are looking up Things are improving Pick up To learnV- Idioms & Usage (4000 vocabulary)Idiom Usage ExamplesAccept / Except Accept means "to agree to" or "to receive".Except means "to object to'' or "to leave out" We will accept (receive) your manuscript for review.No parking is allowed, except (leave out) on holidays. Account for–to When explaining something, the correct idiom is account forWhen receiving blame or credit , the correct idiom is account to We had to account for all the missing money.

You will have to account to the state for your crimesAdapted to-for-from Adapted to means "naturally suited for".Adapted for means "created to be suited for".Adapted from "changed to be suited for". The polar bear is adapted to subzero temperatures.For any new orders it must be adapted for anything.Lucas's latest release is adapted from the B-movie.Affect / Effect Effect is a noun meaning " a result"Affect is a verb meaning "to influence" Increased fighting will be the effect of the peaceThe rain affected their plans for a picnic All ready vs. Already All ready means "everything ready"Already means "earlier" A lot vs. A lot A lot is nonstandard , a lot is the correct form Among / Between Between should be used when referring to two things.Among should be used when referring to more than two things. The young lady must choose between two suitors.

The fault is spread evenly among the three defendantsBeing that vs. Since Being that is nonstandard and should be replaced by since. (Faulty) being that darkness was fast approaching we had to abandon the search.(Better) Since darkness was fast approaching, we had to abandon the search.Beside / Besides Adding an S to beside completely changes its meaning: beside means "next to". Besides means "in addition". We sat beside (next to) the host.Besides (in addition), money was not even an issue in the contract negations.Center vs. Center around Center around is colloquial. It should not be used in formal writing. (Faulty) the dispute centers around the effects of undocumented workers.(Correct) the dispute centers on the effects of undocumented workers.

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Confirm to (not with) Stewarts's writing does don confirm to standard literary conventions. Consensus of opinion Consensus of opinion is redundant: consensus mean "general agreement". Correspond to/With Correspond to means "in agreement with"Correspond with means "to exchange letters" The penalty does not correspond to the severity of the crime.He corresponded with many of the top European leaders of his time.Different from / Different than The preferred form is different from. Only in rare cases is different than acceptable. The new Cedillas are very different from the imported luxury cars. Double negatives (Faulty) scarcely nothing was learned during the seminar.(Correct) scarcely anything was learned during the seminar.Doubt that vs. Doubt whether Doubt whether is nonstandard (Faulty) I doubt whether his new business will succeed(Correct) I doubt that his new business will succeed

Farther / further Use farther when referring to distance, and use further when referring to degree They went no further (degree) than necking.He threw the discs farther (distance) than the topIdiom Usage ExamplesFewer / Less Use fewer when referring t a number of items. Use less when referring to a continuous quantity. In the past, we had fewer options.The impact was less than what was expectedIdentical with (not to) This bid is identical with the one submitted by youIn contrast to (not of) In contrast to the conservative attitudes of her time, mae west was quite provocative.Independent of (not from) The judiciary is independent of the other branches of governmentNot only … but also In this construction, but cannot be replaced with and (Faulty) Peterson is not only the top salesman in the department and also the most proficient(Correct) Peterson is not only the top salesman in the department but also the most proficientOn account of vs. Because Because is always better than the circumlocution on account of. (Poor) On account of his poor behavior, he was expelled(Better) Because he behavior poorly, he was expelledOne another / Each other Each other should be used when referring to two things and one another should be used when referring to more than two things. The members of the basketball team (more than two) congratulated one another on their victory.The business partners (two) congratulated each other on their successful first year.Plus / And Do not use plus as a conjunction meaning and.(NOTE) plus can be used to mean and so long as it is not being used as a

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conjunction. (Faulty) His contributions to this community are considerable, plus his character is beyond reproach.(Correct) His contributions to this community are considerable, and his character is beyond reproach.(Acceptable) His generous financial contribution plus his donated time has made this project a success.Regard vs. Regards Unless you are giving best wishes to someone, you should use regard. (Faulty) In regards to your letter, we would be interested in distributing your product.(Correct) In regard to your letter, we would be interested in distributing your product.Regardless vs. Irregardless Regardless means "not withstanding". Hence, the "IR' in irregardless is redundant .regardless is the correct form. Retroactive to (not from) The correct idiom is retroactive to. The tax increase is retroactive to February.Speak to/With To speak to someone is to tell them something.To speak with someone is to discuss something with them. We spoke to Jennings about the alleged embezzlement.Steve spoke with his friend Dave for hours yesterday.The reason is because This structure is redundant. Equally common and doubly redundant is the structure the reason why is because. (Poor) the reason why I could not attend the party is because I had to work.(Better) I could not attend the party because I had to work.Whether vs. As to whether The circumlocution as to whether should be replaced by whether. (Poor) The United Nations has not deiced as to whether to authorize a trade embargo.(Better) The United Nations has not decided whether to authorize a trade embargo.Whether vs. If Whether introduce a choice. If introduces a condition. A common mistake is to use to present a choice. (Faulty) He inquired if we had decided to keep the gift.(Correct) He inquired whether we had decided to keep the gift. VI- Phrasal verb listVerb Meaning Example Verb Meaning ExampleAsk someone out Invite on date Brain asked Judy out to dinner and a movie Ask around Ask many people the same question I asked around but nobody has seen my walletAdd up to something Equal Your purchases add up to 205.32$ Back something up Reserve You'll have to back up your car so that I can get outBack someone up Support My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job Blow up Explode The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fenceBlow something up Add air We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party Break down Stop functioning (machine) Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstormBreak down Get upset The women broke down when police told her that Break

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something down Divide into smaller parts Our teacher broke the final project down into 3 partsBreak in Force entry to a building Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo Break something in Enter forcibly The fireman had to break into the room to rescue the childrenBreak in Interrupt The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death Break something in Wear something a few times so that it doesn’t look new I need to break these shoes in before we run next weekBreak up End a relationship My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America Break up Start laughing (informal) The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talkingBreak out Escape The prisoners broke out in a rash after our coming trip Break out in something Develop a skin condition I broke out in a rash after our camping upBring someone down Make unhappy This sad music is bringing me down Bring someone up Raise a child My grandparents brought me up after y parents diedBring something up Start talking about a subject My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports Bring something up Vomit He drinks so much that he brought his dinner up in the toiletCall around Phone many different places/people We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed Call someone back Return a phone call I called the company back but the office were closed for the weekendCall something off Cancel Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé Call on someone Ask for an answer or opinion The professor called on me for question 1Call on someone Visit someone We called on you last night but you weren't home Call someone up Phone Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in townCalm down Relax after being angry You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car Not care for someone/something Not like (formal) I don't care for his behaviorCatch up Get to the same point as someone else You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty Check in Arrive and register at a hotel or airport We will get the hotel keys when we check inCheck out Leave a hotel You have to check out of the hotel before 11 AM Check someone/something out Look at carefully, investigate The company checks out all new employeesVerb Meaning Example Verb Meaning ExampleCheck out someone/something Look at (informal) Check out the crazy hair on that guy! Cheer up Become happier She cheered up when she heard the good newsCheer someone happy Make happier I brought you same flowers to cheer up Chip up Help If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by soonClean something up Tidy, clean Please clean up your bedroom before you go

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outside Come across something Find unexpectedly I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closetCome apart Separate The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough Come down with something Become sick My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekendCome forward Volunteer for a task or to give evidence The women came forward with her husband's finger prints Come from somewhere Originate in The art of origami comes from AsiaCount on someone/something Rely on I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out Cross something out Draw a line through Please cross out your old address and write your new oneCut back on something Consume less My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods Cut something down Make something fall to the ground We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the stormCut it Interrupt Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle Cut in Pull in too closely in front of another vehicle The bus driver got angry when that car cut inCut in Start operating (of an engine or electrical device) The air condition cuts in when the temperature gets to 22 C Cut something off Remove with something sharp The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injuredCut something off Stop providing The phone company cut off our phone because we didn’t pay the bill Cut someone off Take out of a will My grandparents cut my father off when he remarriedCut something out Remove part of something (usually with scissors) I cut this ad out of the newspaper Do someone/something over Beat up He's lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by a street gangDo something over Do again My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like mytopic do away with something Discard It's time to do away with all of these old tax recordsDo something up Fasten, close Do your coat up before you goOutside. It's snowing! Dress up Wear nice clothing It's a fancy restaurant so we haveto dress updrop back move back in a position/group Andrea dropped back to third placewhen she fell off her bike drop in/by/over come without an appointment I might drop in/by/over for teasometime this weekDrop someone/something off Take someone/something somewhere and leave them I have to drop my sister off at workbefore I come over Drop out Quit a class, school etc I dropped out of Science because itwas too difficult

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Eat out Eat at a restaurant I don't feel like cooking tonight.Let's eat out End up Eventually reach/do/decide We ended up renting a movie insteadof going to the theatrefall apart break into pieces My new dress fell apart in the washing machine fall down fall to the ground The picture that you hung up lastnight fell down this morning

Verb Meaning Example Verb Meaning Examplefall out separate from an interior The money must have fallen out ofmy pocket fall out (of hair, teeth) become loose andunattachedHis hair started to fall out when hewas only 35figure something out understand, find the answer I need to figure out how to fit thepiano and the bookshelf in this room fill something in to write information in blanksPlease fill in the form with yourname, address, and phone numberfill something out to write information in blanksThe form must be filled out incapital letters fill something up fill to the top I always fill the water jug up when itis emptyfind out discover We don't know where he lives. HowCan we find out?find something out discover We tried to keep the time of theparty a secret, but Samantha foundit outget something across/over communicate, makeunderstandableI tried to get my point across/overto the judge but she wouldn't listen get along/on like each other I was surprised how well my newgirlfriend and my sister gotalong/onget around have mobility My grandfather can get around finein his new wheelchair get away go on a vacation We worked so hard this year that wehad to get away for a weekget away with something do without being noticed orpunishedJason always gets away withcheating in his math tests get back return We got back from our vacation last

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weekget something back receive something you had before Liz finally got her Science notesback from my room-mate get back at someone retaliate, take revenge My sister got back at me forStealing her shoes. She stole myfavorite hatget back into something become interested in somethingagainI finally got back into my novel andfinished it get on something step onto a vehicle We're going to freeze out here ifyou don't let us get on the busget over something recover from an illness, loss,difficultyI just got over the flu and now mysister has it get over something overcome a problem The company will have to close if itcan't get over the new regulationsget round to something finally find time to do I don't know when I am going to getround to writing the thank youcards get together meet (usually for social reasons) Let's get together for a BBQ thisweekendget up get out of bed I got up early today to study for myexam get up stand You should get up and give theelderly man your seat.

give someone away reveal hidden information about someone His wife gave him away to the police give someone away take the bride to the altar My father gave me away at myweddingVerb Meaning Example Verb Meaning Examplegive something away ruin a secret My little sister gave the surpriseparty away by accident give something away give something to someone forfreeThe library was giving away oldbooks on Fridaygive something back return a borrowed item I have to give these skates back toFranz before his hockey game give in reluctantly stop fighting orarguing My boyfriend didn't want to go tothe ballet, but he finally gave ingive something out give to many people (usually at nocost) They were giving out free perfumesamples at the department store give something up quit a habit I am giving up

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smoking as of January1stgive up stop trying My math homework was toodifficult so I gave up go after someone follow someone My brother tried to go after thethief in his cargo after something try to achieve something I went after my dream and now I ama published writer go against someone compete, oppose We are going against the bestsoccer team in the city tonightgo ahead start, proceed Please go ahead and eat before thefood gets cold go back return to a place I have to go back home and get mylunch.

go out leave home to go on a social event We're going out for dinner tonight go out with someone date Jesse has been going out with Lukesince they met last wintergo over something review Please go over your answers beforeyou submit your test go over visit someone nearby I haven't seen Tina for a long time. Ithink I'll go over for an hour or twogo without something suffer lack or deprivation When I was young, we went withoutwinter boots grow apart stop being friends over time My best friend and I grew apartafter she changed schoolsgrow back re grow My roses grew back this summer grow up become an adult When Jack grows up he wants to bea firemangrow out of something get too big for Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoesbecause she has grown out of herold ones grow into something grow big enough to fit This bike is too big for him now, buthe should grow into it by next yearhand something down give something used to someone else I handed my old comic books down tomy little cousin hand something in submit I have to hand in my essay byFridayhand something out to distribute to a group of people We will hand out the invitations atthe door hand something over give (usually unwillingly) The police asked the man to handover his wallet and his weaponshang in stay positive . I'm sure you'll find a

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job very soon hang on wait a short time (informal) Hang on While I grab my coat and Shoes!hang out spend time relaxing (informal) Instead of going to the party we arejust going to hang out at my place hang up end a phone call He didn't say goodbye before hehung upVerb Meaning Example Verb Meaning Examplehold someone/something back prevent from doing/going I had to hold my dog back becausethere was a cat in the park hold something back hide an emotion Jamie held back his tears at hisgrandfather's funeralhold on wait a short time Please hold on while I transfer youto the Sales Department hold onto someone/something hold firmly using your hands orarmsHold onto your hat because it's verywindy outsidehold someone/something up rob A man in a black mask held the bankup this morning keep on doing something continue doing Keep on stirring until the liquidcomes to a boilkeep something from someone not tell We kept our relationship from ourparents for two years keep someone/something out stop from entering Try to keep the wet dog out of theliving roomkeep something up continue at the same rate If you keep those results up you willget into a great college let someone down fail to support or help, disappoint I need you to be on time. Don't letme down this timelet someone in allow to enter Can you let the cat in before you goTo school? look after someone/something take care of I have to look after my sickgrandmotherlook down on someone think less of, consider inferior Ever since we stole that chocolatebar your dad has looked down on me look for someone/something try to find I'm looking for a red dress for theweddinglook forward to something be excited about the future I'm looking forward to theChristmas break look into something investigate We are going to look into the priceof snowboards todaylook out be careful, vigilant, and take

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noticeLook out! That car's going to hit you!look out for someone/something be especially vigilant for Don't forget to look out for snakeson the hiking traillook something over check, examine Can you look over my essay forSpelling mistakes? look something up search and find information in areference book or database We can look her phone number up onthe Internetlook up to someone have a lot of respect for My little sister has always looked upto me make something up invent, lie about something Josie made up a story aboutwhy we were latemake up forgive each other We were angry last night, but wemade up at breakfast make someone up apply cosmetics to My sisters made me up for mygraduation partymix something up confuse two or more things I mixed up the twins' names again!pass away die His uncle passed away last nightafter a long illnesspass out faint It was so hot in the church that anelderly lady passed out pass something out give the same thing to many people The professor passed the textbooksout before class.

pass something up decline (usually something good) I passed up the job because I amafraid of change. pay someone back return owed money Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll payyou back on Friday.pay for something be punished for doing somethingbad That bully will pay for being mean tomy little brother pick something out choose I picked out three sweaters for youto try onVerb Meaning Example Verb Meaning Examplepoint someone/something out indicate with your finger I'll point my boyfriend out when heruns by put something down put what you are holding on asurface or floorYou can put the groceries down onthe kitchen counterput someone down insult, make someone feel stupid The students put the substitute teacher down because his pants were

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too short put something off postpone We are putting off our trip untilJanuary because of the hurricaneput something out extinguish The neighbors put the fire out before the firemen arrived put something together assemble I have to put the crib togetherbefore the baby arrivesput up with someone/something tolerate I don't think I can put up with threesmall children in the car put something on put clothing/accessories on yourbody Don't forget to put on your newearrings for the partyrun into someone/something meet unexpectedly I ran into an old school-friend at themall run over someone/something drive a vehicle over a person orthing I accidentally ran over your bicyclein the drivewayrun over/through something rehearse, review Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show. run away leave unexpectedly, escape The child ran away from home andhas been missing for three daysrun out have none left We ran out of shampoo so I had towash my hair with soap send something back return (usually by mail) My letter got sent back to mebecause I used the wrong stampset something up arrange, organize Our boss set a meeting up with thepresident of the company set someone up trick, trap The police set up the car thief byusing a hidden camerashop around compare prices I want to shop around a little beforeI decide on these boots show off act extra special for peoplewatching (usually boastfully) He always shows off on hisskateboardsleep over stay somewhere for the night(informal)You should sleep over tonight if theweather is too bad to drive home sort something out organize, resolve a problem We need to sort the bills out beforethe first of the monthstick to something continue doing something, limityourself to one particular thing You will lose weight if you stick tothe diet switch something off stop the energy flow, turn off The light's too bright. Could youswitch it offswitch something on start the energy flow, turn on We heard the news as soon as weswitched on the car radio take after someone resemble a family member I take after my mother. We are

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both impatienttake something apart purposely break into pieces He took the car breaks apart andfound the problem take something back return an item I have to take our new TV backbecause it doesn't worktake off start to fly My plane takes off in five minutes take something off remove something (usuallyclothing) Take off your socks and shoes andCome in the lake!take something out remove from a place or thing Can you take the garbage out to theStreet for me? take someone out pay for someone to go somewherewith you My grandparents took us out fordinner and a movietear something up rip into pieces I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letter sand gave them back to him think back remember (often + to, sometimes+ on) When I think back on my youth, Iwish I had studied harderVerb Meaning Example Verb Meaning Examplethink something over consider I'll have to think this job offer overbefore I make my final decision throw something away dispose of We threw our old furniture awaywhen we won the lotteryturn something down decrease the volume or strength(heat, light etc) Please turn the TV down while theguests are here turn something down refuse I turned the job down because Idon't want to moveturn something off stop the energy flow, switch off Your mother wants you to turn theTV off and come for dinner turn something on start the energy, switch on It's too dark in here. Let's turnsome lights onturn something up increase the volume or strength(heat, light etc Can you turn the music up? This ismy favorite song turn up appear suddenly Our cat turned up after we putposters up all over theNeighborhood.try something on sample clothing I'm going to try these jeans on, butI don't think they will fit try something out test I am going to try this new brand ofdetergent outuse something up finish the supply The kids used all of the toothpasteup so we need to buy some more wake up stop sleeping We have to wake up early for workon Monday

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warm someone/something up increase the temperature You can warm your feet up in frontof the fireplace warm up prepare body for exercise I always warm up by doing sit-upsbefore I go for a runwear off fade away Most of my make-up wore offbefore I got to the party work out exercise I work out at the gym three times aweekwork out be successful Our plan worked out fine

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