lipids chapter 6. typical fatty acid structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) h...

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LIPIDS Chapter 6

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Page 1: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

LIPIDS

Chapter 6

Page 2: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Typical Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end(methyl group) (carboxyl

group)

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Page 3: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Degrees of Saturation

Saturated

Unsaturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated

Page 4: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Saturated Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end

All single bonds to hydrogen

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Page 5: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end

One double bond

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Page 6: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end

> 2 double bonds

H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C=C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Page 7: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Essential Fatty Acid Omega-3 (alpha-linolenic

acid)

omega end alpha end

1st double bond is located on the 3rd carbon from the omega end

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C=C--C--C =C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H

Page 8: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Essential Fatty AcidOmega-6 (alpha-linoleic

acid)

omega end alpha end

1st double bond is located on the 6th carbon from the omega end

H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C-- C--C =C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Page 9: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Triglycerides

(Ester bond)

Glycerol + 3 FA’s Triglyceride + 3 H20

H

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H

O

HO-C-R

O

HO-C-R

O

HO-C-R

+

H O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

H

R + H2O

R + H20

R + H20

Page 10: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Triglycerides

esterification deesterfication

H

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

+

H O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

H

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Page 11: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Functions of Triglycerides

Provide energy Efficient storage of

energy Insulation Protection Transport fat-soluble

vitamins Satiety Flavor and texture

Page 12: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Emulsification

Page 13: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Cholesterol Content in Food

Page 14: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Digestion of lipids

Page 15: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Absorption of lipids

Page 16: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Chylomicrons

Page 17: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Transport of Lipids

Page 18: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Transport of Lipids

Page 19: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Transport of Lipids

Page 20: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Atherosclerosis

Page 21: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Cis and Trans Fatty Acid

Page 22: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Hydrogenation Process

Page 23: LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

Trans Fatty Acids in Foods