Linda Sumrall

• Louisiana State University 1976

• Bachelors of Science in Geology

• Worked for 39 years as a Geophysicist• Gulf Oil

• Union Texas Petroleum

• Energy Development Corporation

• Louisiana Land and Exploration

• Burlington Resources

• Noble Energy

• Explored for oil and gas

• Developed oil and gas fields

With my Twin Daughters

Show and Tell

• Drill Bit

• Core

Data used to Study Earth Layers

• Seismic

• Well Log

• Surface Geology

Seismic Reflection Data Source

• Loud sound made by

• Air gun

• Dynamite

• Vibrating Truck (Vibroseis)

Seismic Reflection Data

• Sound Bounces off the Layers in the Earth Like an Echo

• Recorded by a Receiver

Layer in the Earth

Source Receiver

Voice EarsWall

Seismic Datasource

Seismic Line Example

Well Logs

• When a well is drilled, a long skinny tool is lowered down the hole. This tool takes measurements along the wellbore. We call the measurements – Well Logs.

• From the well logs we get thedepth of interesting rocks and the ages of these rocks.

Top of Oil Sand

Surface GeologyRoad Cut in Maryland

fold

Sideling Hill Road Cut

Surface Geology• Faults

• Location??

Surface Geology

Cliff Face in Ireland

Sandstone

Eroded away when the sandstone was deposited

Bored Cows in Ireland

Ross Sandstone

Sandmud

Erosional surface

Kilbaha Bay, IrelandRoss Sandstone

Put all the Data Together into a Map!!!

1 mile

-1000

-1200

-1200

-1400

-1400

-1400

-1000

-1200

-1400

Ground

A

B

fault

A B

These lines with numbers are call contour lines. These lines show everywhere the top of the oil sand is at a certain depth below the ground.

Top of Oil Sand Map

Drilling Discovery

Drilling Discovery

Drilling a Dry Hole

Drilling a Dry Hole

Earth ChangesPlate Tectonics

The Theory we use to explain the movement of continents

3 feet a year

As fast as your fingernails grow or 1 inch per year

Africa and South America

NOW About 200 million years ago

The End

Surface Geology

• Tight Folds

• Limestone