Linda Sumrall
• Louisiana State University 1976
• Bachelors of Science in Geology
• Worked for 39 years as a Geophysicist• Gulf Oil
• Union Texas Petroleum
• Energy Development Corporation
• Louisiana Land and Exploration
• Burlington Resources
• Noble Energy
• Explored for oil and gas
• Developed oil and gas fields
With my Twin Daughters
Show and Tell
• Drill Bit
• Core
Data used to Study Earth Layers
• Seismic
• Well Log
• Surface Geology
Seismic Reflection Data Source
• Loud sound made by
• Air gun
• Dynamite
• Vibrating Truck (Vibroseis)
Seismic Reflection Data
• Sound Bounces off the Layers in the Earth Like an Echo
• Recorded by a Receiver
Layer in the Earth
Source Receiver
Voice EarsWall
Seismic Datasource
Seismic Line Example
Well Logs
• When a well is drilled, a long skinny tool is lowered down the hole. This tool takes measurements along the wellbore. We call the measurements – Well Logs.
• From the well logs we get thedepth of interesting rocks and the ages of these rocks.
Top of Oil Sand
Surface GeologyRoad Cut in Maryland
fold
Sideling Hill Road Cut
Surface Geology• Faults
• Location??
Surface Geology
Cliff Face in Ireland
Sandstone
Eroded away when the sandstone was deposited
Bored Cows in Ireland
Ross Sandstone
Sandmud
Erosional surface
Kilbaha Bay, IrelandRoss Sandstone
Put all the Data Together into a Map!!!
1 mile
-1000
-1200
-1200
-1400
-1400
-1400
-1000
-1200
-1400
Ground
A
B
fault
A B
These lines with numbers are call contour lines. These lines show everywhere the top of the oil sand is at a certain depth below the ground.
Top of Oil Sand Map
Drilling Discovery
Drilling Discovery
Drilling a Dry Hole
Drilling a Dry Hole
Earth ChangesPlate Tectonics
The Theory we use to explain the movement of continents
3 feet a year
As fast as your fingernails grow or 1 inch per year
Africa and South America
NOW About 200 million years ago
The End
Surface Geology
• Tight Folds
• Limestone
