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Light Rail and EMC

Dr.-Ing. Lorenz Jung, Siemens AG, Mobility Division

Copenhagen, May 17th 2016

17/05/2016

© Siemens AG 2016 – All rights reserved.

Mobility Division

Contents

Light Rail and EMC (Management and special Topics)

EMC: Definition and Coupling Model

Normative EMC Requirements

EMC Management

EMC Analysis / EMC Matrix

Special issues related to Light Rail

Systems / DC Systems

Magnetic Fields

Stray Currents

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Mobility Division

Definition of Electro Magnetic Compatibility

Emissions

Must be limited, in order not to affect

radio communication services or

other apparatus.

limits for emission

EMC is the ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in

its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable

electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.

Immunity

„Immunity“ against electromagnetic

disturbances; needs to be present in

order apparatus not to be affected.

immunity levels

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Mobility Division

EMC Coupling Model

Radiated Radiated

ConductedConducted

ImmunityEmission

Railway System

Subsystem (e.g. Signalling)

Installation (e.g. Interlocking)

Devices (e.g. Axle Counter)

Electromagnetic

Capacitive

Inductive

Electromagnetic

Capacitive

Inductive

Galvanic

GalvanicRadiated

Electromagnetic

Capacitive

Inductive

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standards

EN 50121-x Series

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standard - General

EN 50121-1

Management

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standard – Whole System

EN 50121-2

Radiated

Fast movement, maximum power, electrical braking,

possibly other trains in operation

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standard – Whole System

EN 50121-2

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standard – Rolling Stock

EN 50121-3-1

Radiated

Standstill, slow moving, acceleration / braking,

only one train in operation

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standard – Rolling Stock

EN 50121-3-1

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Mobility Division

EMC Railway Standards - Apparatus

EN 50121-3-2, EN 50121-4 and EN 50121-5

Emission Testing in EMC Laboratory

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Mobility Division

Selected EMC Immunity Levels of Apparatus in

Railway- and other Environments

Immunity Testing in EMC Laboratory

Environment Standard Frequency Range Level

Railway / Rolling Stock 50121-3-2 80 - 1000 MHz 20 V/m

Railway / Signalling 50121-4 800 - 1000 MHz 20 V/m

Railway / Signalling 50121-4 80 - 800 MHz 10 V/m

Railway / Substation 50121-5 800 - 1000 MHz 20 V/m

Railway / Substation 50121-5 80 - 800 MHz 10 V/m

Industrial 61000-6-2 80 - 1000 MHz 10 V/m

Residential 61000-6-1 80 - 1000 MHz 3 V/m

Residential Environment

Rolling Stock

Signalling and Substation

Industrial Environment

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Mobility Division

Railway EMC Technical Specifications

(Low Frequency Phenomena, Train Detection)

Train harmonic Currents ( DC – 67 kHz) disturbing Track Circuits

Train local Magnetic Fields ( 27 kHz – 1.2 MHz) disturbing Axle Counters

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Why?

Stipulated by EN 50121-1

Emission and immunity standards do not cover the entire frequency range for

coupling between systems

Laboratory tests can only partially reproduce real world conditions

Many communication systems between rolling stock and wayside are not

covered by standards (loop systems, Eurobalise, train radio)

Environment of the railway system is not considered (only for protection of

radio services, what about broadcast stations, hospitals, etc. ?)

Proof of safe and reliable operation of the railway system

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

How?

Orientated on the V-Model

On system and sub-system level

Data collection

Analysis

Solving of identified open issues

Design verification

Conformity report

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Site Survey

Identification of sources and sinks of Electro-

Magnetic Interference (EMI) in the environment

Sources: Radio transmitters, heavy industry,

adjacent railways

Sinks: Hospitals, universities or companies with

equipment sensitive to low frequency magnetic

fields (electron microscope, ecg, eeg)

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Matrix Analysis (1)

System A

System B

System C

Interaction

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EMC Management

Matrix Analysis (2)

Sinks

System A System B System C

So

urc

es

System A X1 ok nsp

System B ok X2 b

System C nsp H1 X3

Xn : see Submatrix n

- : n/a

nsp: No shared Ports

ok: due to EMC Data x and y

b: benign due to…..

…….

Hn: Hazard n

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Matrix Analysis (2)

Sinks

System A System B System C

So

urc

es

System A X1 ok nsp

System B ok X2 b

System C nsp H1 X3

Xn : see Submatrix n

- : n/a

nsp: No shared Ports

ok: due to EMC Data x and y

b: benign due to…..

…….

Hn: Hazard n

Comprehensive Matrix of Real-World-System will explode!

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Matrix Analysis (3)

interference sinks interference sources

signalling system

TCC TOB UPS outdoor components

points signal

s

TVD CBTC

(e.g.

APs)

extra (Name of Project) system

enclosure port signalling system

human beings

(ESD)

- - - - - - -

Implants,

cardiac

pacemaker

x x x nsp nsp nsp x

Medical

equipment

(hospital etc)

a a a d d d d

receiving

devices

(radio, TV,

mobile phones

etc)

a a a d d d d

computer &

laboratory

equipment

a a a d d d d

transmitting

devices

(radio, TV,

mobile phones

etc)

- - - - - - -

Lightning - - - - - - -

power port signalling system

public

electric

ity

system

- - u - - - -

Lightni

ng

- - - - - - -

interference sources interference sinks

signalling system

TCC TOB UPS outdoor components

poin

ts

signal

s

TVD CBT

C

extra (Name of Project) system

enclosure port signalling system

Human beings (ESD) e y y c c c c

implants, cardiac pacemaker - - - - - - -

medical equipment

(hospital etc)

- - - - - - -

receiving devices

(radio, TV, mobile phones etc)

- - - - - - -

computer & laboratory

equipment

- - - - - - -

transmitting devices

(radio, TV, mobile phones etc)

p p p p p p p

lightning b f b f f f f

power port signalling system

public electricity system nsp nsp u nsp nsp nsp nsp

lightning nsp nsp u nsp nsp nsp nsp

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Matrix Analysis (4)

Two Matrices each:

Extra-System Analysis: Overall System and Enviroment

(+ for Turnkey Projects: Each Subsystem and Environment)

Inter-System Analysis: Subsystems and other Subsystems

Intra-System Analysis: Components of individual Subsystem

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

Matrix Analysis (4)

Two Matrices each:

Extra-System Analysis: Overall System and Enviroment

(For Turnkey Projects: Each Subsystem and Environment)

Inter-System Analysis: Subsystems and other Subsystems

Intra-System Analysis: Components of individual Subsystem

List of Hazards and open Issues

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Mobility Division

EMC Management

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DC and Low Frequency Magnetic Fields

- High Traction Currents

For instance, there are magnetic flux density values to centre line of double track of

• 20 T in a distance of about r = 7 m


The calculation is based on 1000 A (500 A per catenary).

B ~ I/ r

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Mobility Division


- Harmonic Currents of Light Rail Vehicle

Ivehicle @ DC max. > 1000 A Non-DC components less than 0.1% - 1% of max. DC-value

1

0.1

0.01

A

Hz

s

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Mobility Division


- Immunity Values of Apparatus in Environment

For instance, there are DC magnetic flux density values to centre line of double track of



The calculation is based on 1000 A DC

Example for LR-vehicle: IDC max. 1000 A with non-DC components less than 0.1% - 1% of max. DC-value

Various Immunity Levels DC 50 Hz

Cardiac Pacemaker 500 µT 76 µT

Apparatus in Railway Environment 375 µT 125 µT

Apparatus in Industrial Environment 37.5 µT

Apparatus in Residential Environment 3.75 µT

Cathode Ray Tube Monitor 20 µT 1 µT

Electrocardiogram ( ECG) 0.16 µT *)

Electroencephalogram (EEG) 0.08 µT *)

Electromyogram (EMG) 0.04 µT *)

*) Value for Information only from DIN VDE 0100-710 (2012)

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Mobility Division


- Mitigation by Shielding is not a realistic Option

0 < Hinside < Houtside

Houtside Houtside

‚Faraday Cage‘ (for electric shielding)

works because of nearly perfect electrical

conductivity of materials.

Magnetic shielding depends on the

magnetic conductivity (permeability) of

materials, which is usually poor.

Material Relative Permeability µr

Air 1

Copper, Aluminium 1

Stainless Steel 1

Steel 100

Iron 200

Transformer Plate 750

Mu-metal50,000 - 140,000

150 if mechanically stressed

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Mobility Division

DC Stray Currents

- Electrical Corrosion

Electrolytic erosion M of metal per Ampere and per year according to

Faraday’s law of electrochemical equivalent with

M = Metal constants * Current * Time:

MSteel = 9.13 kg/A*Year or a volume 1.16 dm3 for buried structure

Rail insulation Corrosion area

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Mobility Division

DC Stray Currents

- Electrical Corrosion

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Mobility Division

DC Stray Currents

- Mitigation: Rail Insulation

Open Formation Closed Formation

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Mobility Division

DC Stray Currents

- Mitigation?: Rail Insulation

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Mobility Division

DC Stray Currents

- Mitigation: Structure E&B System

Experience: The total minimum cross section of longitudinal earthing bars

should be 800 mm² for double track

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Mobility Division

…

Thank you for your

Attention!

Questions?

[email protected]

light rail and emc - den danske banekonference | rail... · light rail and emc (management and ......

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