Chapter 5 Essential Vocabulary

Life in the English Colonies1630-1770Chapter 5

Chapter 5, Section 1Privy CouncilParliamentBicameral LegislatureHouse of BurgessesTown MeetingLibelEnglish Bill of Rights

Essential Vocabulary Sects 2 & 3MercantilismFavorable Balance of TradeExportsImportsNavigation ActsWest Indies (pg 128)Triangular TradeMiddle PassageOlaudah EquianoCash CropsSlave CodesStaple CropsNew England (just list 4 colonies)Middle Colonies (just list 4 colonies)

Essential Vocabulary Sections 4 & 5RevivalsGreat AwakeningJonathan EdwardsSinners in the Hands of an Angry GodEnlightenmentRousseau-Enlightenment thinker who wrote Social Contract about mans role in governmentMontesquieu-Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Spirit of Laws which advocated dividing the powers of government into branches so that no one branch of government becomes too powerfulJohn Locke-

Section 1- Forms of GovernmentColonial GovernmentsGenerallyDiverse- founded by different groups with different rulesCharter- Proprietary, Royal or CompanyEnglish King owned all of the colonies and had a group to advise the king: Privy Council However, the Privy Council allowed the colonies to pretty much run themselveswhy?Colonial Governor to carry out the policies of EnglandColonial Assemblies- Based on Parliament in EnglandParliament is Bicameral- 2 houses of the legislatureRepresentative bodies elected by colonists to establish day to day rules of colony

Colonial Courts modeled after England tooVirginias Government SpecificallyRepresentative Body= 2 houses= BicameralCouncil of StateHouse of Burgess- 1st Colonial representative body founded at Jamestown in 1619Members elected by Virginian colonists

New England- a little differentRather than representative body, some New England colonies operated with a Town Meeting- where all the colonists met to discuss issues

DIVERSIY

Glorious RevolutionEnglish Parliament forced King James II to resignParliament invited James daughter and son-in-law to rule England if they would agree to give Parliament more power. They did.Glorious Revolution: 1688 William and Mary came to the throne of England and signed the English Bill of Rights granting Parliament more power

American colonists wanted more power too!During the founding of American colonies, England was becoming more representativeChapter 5, Section 2The Growth of TradeEven though the colonies were individuals and diverse they still shared some basic economic similaritiesThey relied on agricultural products/raw materials for their $$They had to do what England told them to do in tradeEnglands Trade Policy - Mercantilism: an economic system based on a favorable balance of trade. The mother country (England) always wants to sell more goods than she buys from other countries. (Export more than she imports). Goal=make money (accumulation of wealth)Colonies helped England achieve the favorable balance of tradeMercantilism and ColoniesColonies (especially Southern colonies) provided raw materials to the England: Cash crops like Tobacco, rice, cotton, wood, indigoThe Mother Country refines the raw materials into finished goodsMother Country sells the finished goods to other countries (exports) and also to the coloniesMother country enforces these policies with established rules like Navigation Acts: England required its colonies to trade only with England

Relationship between Mercantilism and the Slave TradeIn order for the colonies to produce the raw materials necessary for Mercantilism, colonies needed slave laborSlaves came from Africa to the AmericasIt became efficient for the ships transporting goods to make a triangular shaped route: Triangle of TradePart 1- Finished goods from Europe to West Coast of Africa to pick up slavesPart 2- Slaves and finished goods from Africa to America this second leg became known as the MIDDLE PASSAGEPart 3- Raw materials from America to Europe

Chapter 5, Section 3The Colonial Economy-diverse based on geographySouthern Colonies: Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, & GeorgiaEconomy based on farming on large plantationsGrew Cash crops like tobacco, rice, indigoRequires a lot of labor to run the plantation-used slaves from AfricaDeveloped Slave Codes laws designed to control and limit power of slavesNorthern colonies: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode IslandEconomy based on trade & Industry rather than farming since soil too rocky for farming. Shipbuilding and fishing leading industriesUsed skilled craftspeople for labor instead of slaveryMiddle Colonies: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New YorkMixture of trade and farming: Grew staple crops-those always needed-wheat, barley, oatsUsed some slavery in cities for labor and on farms

Section 4- The Great AwakeningReview: What were the main 2 motives for English colonies?

By early 1700s religious leaders worried the colonists had lost some of their religious enthusiasm and wanted to revive interest in religionHosted Revivals: emotional gatherings of sermons These actions by religious leaders led to Great Awakening: widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals emphasizing faith and religionJonathan Edwards one of the leaders- famous sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodEffects of the Great AwakeningReturn to religionFounding of colleges-especially for religious purposesPromotion of ideals of spiritual equality led to call for more political equality

The Enlightenment shares new ideas about Government and EconomicsReview: England had always enjoyed some role of the people in government seen through what three documents?

Enlightenment: a philosophical movement of the 1700s in which men asked questions about what should be mans role in government. Especially wanted a social contract where man had a say in his government.Enlightenment Thinkers who influenced American colonistsJohn Locke- believed man had three natural rights (life, liberty & property) and if the government violates any of those rights, man has the power to choose a new governmentJean Jacques Rousseau- wrote Social Contract- believed the government should operate to serve the will of the majority of the peopleBaron Montesquieu- wrote On the Spirit of Laws wanted government to divide its powers into branches so that no one part of government becomes too powerful

These are all ideas the American colonists would use eventually when they broke rebelled against England and formed a new government