lecture01 sem110

8/8/2019 Lecture01 Sem110

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Introduction to Health Informatics

Sandra Alarcon-Lovenia

Dept of Information Systems & Computer Science


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Course Description

Health is a complex field whose optimal operationsare mostly dependent on good quality information.

Compared to other industries like banking, agriculture

and commerce, health lags behind in the waytechnology is used to enhance its operations. Theresult is an ineffective and inefficient health systemwhich underutilizes information andcommunications technology.

This course introduces the student to the Philippinehealth situation and shows how ICT can beemployed to improve health care delivery.


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Local Health Situation

How would you describe it?

Where do you go for your medical

needs? Is it the same for the rest of the

Philippine population?


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Health care is mostly fee-for-service

Those who have the money can get highquality care.

Those who dont have to go to the publichealth system


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Congested public hospitals

Expensive private health facilities

Rural areas: cannot generate enoughincome for health professionals


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Global Health Situation

Health care is improving in manydeveloped countries

People are living longer with betterquality of life

Increasing need for healthprofessionals (doctors, nurses, etc. ) indeveloped countries

Need > more than what they can produce


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Many health professionals are leavingthe country

Doctors in rural areas are transferringto the cities

Doctors are taking up nursing so theycan leave

No doctors left in rural areas wherehealth care is most needed


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Not so recent study

The Brain Drain Phenomenon and ItsImplications for Health

2005Report By Jaime Galvez-Tan,Fernando Sanchez, Virginia Balanon

Health Services, Health ServicesHuman Resources

Proposed 10 Strategic solutions


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Philippine Health Services

Percent of children who were delivered by ahealth professional 59.8 % (2003) b

Percent of children who were delivered in a

health facility 37.9% (2003) b

Percent of deaths attended by a healthprofessional 48% (2003) a

Percent of children 12-23 months fullyimmunized 60% (2003)b

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 48.9 (2003b

Physicians per 100,000 people 124 (2002)c


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Philippine Health Services SWOT Analysis

Attempt? Internal

Strengths

W

eaknesses External

Opportunities

Threats

IT: one area of opportunity for

improving health services


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Internet in the Philippines

24M users in 2009, 30M by 2012 (Nielsen,2009)

Filipinos use the Internet for an average of

3.8 hours per day

81% between the ages of 10 and 39


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Factors driving Internet adoption

Highly educated middle class

Decreasing connectivity cost

Increasing channels (3G, DSL, WiFi) Increasing number of Filipino expatriates (i.e.

usage of IM, VOIP calling such as Skype)

Sachet marketing : prepaid cards allowed

usage of Internet for as low as Php 10


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Filipinos are the one of the most significant

populations on the Internet.

No. 1 users on Friendster 13M users out of 95M

No. 1 on Multiply.com

2M of 10M users ABS-CBN owns 5% of Multiply which they paid $5M

No.8 on Facebook 10M out of 450M

Facebook is now the no. 1 site in the Philippines, dethroning

Inquirer.net

Used to be the No. 1 users on Youtube


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Health Opportunity in IT?

Health is a complex field whose optimaloperations are mostly dependent ongood quality information.


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What is Informatics

All about INFORMATION

The science of information

Information processing Applications that process information


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Informatics + Discipline

Organization and management of

Data

Information Knowledge

of the specific discipline


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General and Specific Disciplines

Social Informatics

Organizational Informatics

Health-Care Informatics Nursing Informatics

Business Informatics

Community Informatics Bioinformatics


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Medical Informatics

The organization and management ofinformation in support of

Patient careEducation

Research

Administration


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Health informatics

Study and application of methods toimprove the management ofpatient data,medical knowledge, population data and

otherinformationrelevant to patient careand community health.

Scope:

fromDN

A

Individual

Community Area:

Data, Information Knowledge


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Health Informatics: Scope

bioinformatics medical informatics public health informatics

DNA Individuals/Organisms Populations


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Health Informatics: Areas

Data

Clinical data gathering

InformationHealth records management

Knowledge

ClinicalD

ecision support Community health management


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Data

Symbols or signs

Property, attribute of an object, eventor environment

Does not have a meaning on its own

Raw facts

3.75

240


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Information

Related data given meaning Relationship is established as a result of

processing

Answers questions What Who When Where

2009 Yearly QPI is 3.75Cholesterol level is 240


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Knowledge

Appropriate collection of information anddata

Deterministic process

Result of understanding patterns Probabilities, likely associations

Student can run forHonors (cumulative QPI is

3.65)Patient has high cholesterol, and has high risks

for heart disease


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Assignment: Research and Online Discussion on the

Philippine Health Situation

Search for more recent (2009-2010) newsarticles, journal articles, or reports thatcharacterize the Philippine Health Situation.

Share the one that struck you the most.Briefly explain what struck you in that article.

Post that article as an entry in MoodleOnline Discussion: Philippine Health Situation

Read at least one of your classmates entry,post a meaningful reaction to his/her entry


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Health Data

Specific facts and parameters

Characteristics of Data

Accuracy Completeness

Relevance

Reliability

Security

Timeliness


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Clinical Data

Vs. Financial and Accounting Data

In many different forms In different episodes

May be entered by different clinicians,

departments, at different times


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Medical Knowledge

Cumulative experience of applyinguseful clinical informationmanagement techniques to yieldtimely and significant decision


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Health Informatics in the Philippines

National Telehealth Center

UP Manila Center

M

andated to enhance health carethrough ICT

Synapse Health

IT Company focusing on Health solutions


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Some Ongoing Projects

Electronic Health Records

Community Health Information TrackingSystem or CHITS

Open MRS (Medical Records System)

Telehealth/Telemedicine

Pasay SMS

M-Dok

ASCeNt (Physicians for Peace Prosthesis)


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E-Health: National Telehealth Example


E-Learning

Telemedicine


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E-Learning

Learning through the Internet

Health professionals can receive moretraining in remote areas

Health education of rural communities


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Telemedicine

Health professionals available over theInternet

Develop applications that will allowpatients to consult their doctors using

ICT

Concerns: Privacy, Authentication,Confidentiality


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Health Informatics


Electronic Patient Records

Electronic Medical Records


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Health Informatics

Decision Support Systems

Help medical professionals makeinformed decisions

Help prevent medical errors

Provides evidence on the best treatmentavailable

Requires EHR


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Health Informatics

Expert Systems

Software systems that collect inputvariables and generate treatment options

ranked according to different parameters

Example: Appendicitis

Surgery? Medicine? Combination?

Requires EHR


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Health Informatics

Bioinformatics

Understand origin of diseases

Develop new vaccines, new drugs


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Health Informatics

Public health informatics

Data warehousing (from EHR data)

Geographic information systems

Predictive analysis of outbreaks andepidemics


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References

The Brain Drain Phenomenon and Its Implications forHealthhttp://www.up.edu.ph/oldforum/2005/Jul-Aug05/brain_drain.htm (accessed on April 12, 2010)

CS187.1 2009 slides (Andrei Coronel) HIMA 2009 slides (Ayedee Domingo, MD)

UP Manila - National Telehealth Center websitehttp://plone.telehealth.ph (accessed on April 10, 2010) Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme website

http://www.apdip.net/projects/ictrnd/map/ph (accessed onApril 12, 2010)

Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom

http://www.systems-thinking

.org/dikw/dikw

.htm (accessed onApril 13, 2010)

Medical Informaticshttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=13-OAIr2GiAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false(accessed on April 10, 2010)

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