Fundamental Theorem of Calculus5.3

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Indefinite Integrals

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Indefinite IntegralsWe need a convenient notation for antiderivatives that makes them easy to work with.

Notation ∫ f (x) dx is traditionally used for an antiderivative of f and is called an indefinite integral. Thus

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Indefinite IntegralsIf F is an antiderivative of f on an interval I, then the most general antiderivative of f on I is F (x) + C, where C is an arbitrary constant. For instance, the formula

is valid (on any interval that doesn’t contain 0) because (d /dx) ln | x | = 1/x.

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Indefinite Integrals

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Example 3Find the general indefinite integral

∫ (10x4 – 2 sec2x) dx

Solution:Using our convention and Table 1 and properties of integrals, we have

∫ (10x4 – 2 sec2x) dx = 10 ∫ x4 dx – 2 ∫ sec2x dx

= 10 – 2 tan x + C

= 2x5 – 2 tan x + C

You should check this answer by differentiating it.

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Indefinite Integrals – Exercises

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The Definite IntegralThe definite integral can be interpreted as the area under the curve y = f (x) from a to b.

If f (x) ≥ 0, the integral is the area under the curve y = f (x) from a to b.

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The Definite Integral

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Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

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Indefinite IntegralsYou should distinguish carefully between definite and indefinite integrals. A definite integral f (x) dx is a number,

whereas an indefinite integral ∫ f (x) dx is a function (or family

of functions).

The connection between them is given by the Evaluation Theorem: If f is continuous on [a, b], then

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NotationWhen applying the Evaluation Theorem we use the notation

and so we can write

where F ′ = f

Other common notations are and .

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Example 1 – Using the Evaluation Theorem

Evaluate

Solution:

An antiderivative of f (x) = ex is F(x) = ex, so we use the Evaluation Theorem as follows:

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Exercises