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Learning C programmingBy RBM EEE 2k11

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2What is programming? A method of doing a function or a process

Input:A command which is given by the programmer e.g.We are EEE family(We want to print out what we’ve written)

Three partsProcessing Unit: Analysing the command Converting input command in

binary data Process the binary command Converting to aspect resulte.g.i. We are EEE family = 0101…..ii. Process 0101……iii. 0101= We are EEE family

Output:Result of the process e.g.We are EEE family(Computer’ve printed out what we had wanted to write)

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3What is compiler?A compiler is such a complex program which converts different languages (eg. C,C++,JAVA,Mac,Linax) to binary languages (eg. exe,jar,apk,sis) through which a computer may understand the command

Compilers we specially require:

• Code-blocks (for c or c++ programming)• Net-Beans (for Java or Android programming)

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4I. &argument(Argument: a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program e.g. int i,j:) means the memory location of the argument

II. == means logical equalIII.!= means not equalIV. || means orV. && means logical andVI.i++ means i=i+1 after recursion ; ++i means i=i+1 before recursionVII.i-- means i=i-1 after recursion ; --i means i=i-1 before recursionVIII.i-=y means i=i-y; i+=y means i=i+y ; i*=y means i=i*y ; i/=y means

i=i/y IX.>= greater than & equalX. <= less than & equalXI.P%Q=reminder of (P/Q)XII.pow(argument,power) or argument ^ powerXIII.\n means new lineXIV.// means not coding laguageXV.\”----\” means print “----”XVI.To scan scanf(“%datatype(d or f or c) ”,&argument);XVII.To print printf(“%datatype(d or f or c) ”,argument);

C Symbolic patterns

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5General knowledge of C coding:CODING:

#include <stdio.h>//include standard input & output numbers#include <stdlib.h>//include standard library numbers

int main()// main function , integer type ,not including any arguments{ printf("Hello world! \n");// \n means new line return 0;//main function doesn’t return any value}

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61.Print your name#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ printf("My name is ----\n"); return 0;}

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7Data types: Integer type (%d ,%i require) Float type (%f ; 5.2%f means ddd.dd [d means digit]) Character type (Two types ; one character [%c]or String[%s]) Graphical type Sound type Accelerator type etc….

Bytes Required:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int a; float b; char c; int s1,s2,s3; s1=sizeof(a); s2=sizeof(b); s3=sizeof(c); printf ("%d %d %d ",s1,s2,s3); return 0;}

An integer requires 4 bytes of Memory

A float requires 4 bytes of Memory

A character requires 1 byte of Memory

A string requires (x + Null) bytes . Here x is its total bytes of characters

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8Some important Functions & Features:for : for(initialization; condition; increment or

decrement )Program :#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int i; // i is an integer type argument for (i=0;i<10;i++) // for (initialization i=0; condition i<10 ;increment i=i+1 or i++ ) { printf("%d\n",i); // print the various values of i } printf("\n\n\n"); // print 3 new lines for (i=9;i>=0;i--) // for (initialization i=9; condition i>=0 ;decrement i=i-1 or i-- ) { printf("%d\n",i); // print the various values of i } return 0;}

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9 while: 1.Initialization 2.while (condition) 3.{function}Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int i=0; while(i<10) { printf("%d\n",i); i++; } int y=1; while(y==1) { printf("while function is working \n"); printf("Press 1 to continue else any key to close:"); scanf("%d",&y); } return 0;}

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10 do…..while : 1. intialization 2. do{function}; 3.while (condition)Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int i=0; do { printf("%d\n",i); i++; } while(i<10);

int y=1; do{ puts("do function is workimg"); printf ("Enter 1 to continue ;else any key to exit: "); scanf("%d",&y); } while(y==1); return 0;}

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11 Switch function: 1. switch (int type argument) 2. case (int variable) if (variable ~ argument) then case function worksCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int argument; scanf("%d",&argument); switch(argument) { case(10): puts("Case 10"); break; case(9): puts("Case 9"); break; } return 0;}

//Integer type argument declareded//scan the value of the argument// switch (value of argument)

//analyzing for case (value 10)// if 10 is equivalent to argument value,do the case function,then break//analyzing for case (value 9)// if 9 is equivalent to argument value,do the case function,then break

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12ArrayArray is a list of elements in a static memory locationo Elements inserted in pre-determined static memory location by means of

sequential indexo All elements must be same data-typeo If any element is deleted or inserted then locations must be resetCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int a[3]={1,2,3}; float b[2]={2.34,4.56}; char c[2]={'v','r'}; int i; for (i=0;i<3;i++) { printf("a%d:%d ; b%d:%.2f ; c%d:%c ;\n",i,a[i],i,b[i],i,c[i]); } return 0;}

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13User define function: Manually defined a function Which can only be called by main function Must get input element & return aspect element It can never call the main function The arguments used in User define function are called Global variable The arguments used in main function are called Local VariableCoding-1:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int userdefinefunction(int i){ printf("User define function is called\n"); printf("%d is scaned from main function",i);}

int main(){ userdefinefunction(4); return 0;}

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14User define function:Coding-2(Using Protype):#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int userdefinefunction(int i);//function prototype

int main(){ userdefinefunction(4); return 0;}

int userdefinefunction(int i){ printf("User define function is called\n"); printf("%d is scaned from main function",i);}

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15Pointer variable: A special variable including 1.Value of the variable (e.g. *v ~ argument) 2.Location of the variable (e.g. v ~ &argument)Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int quantity,*p,n; quantity=179; p=&quantity; n=*p; printf("Value of n=%d",n); printf("\n&quantity=%d(memory location of the Quantity)\np=%d(memory location of the Quantity)\n*p=%d(Value of the Quantity)",&quantity,p,*p); return 0;}

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16C programs1-1.Adding two numbers#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int a,b,sum; scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); sum=a+b; printf("Sum of %d & %d is %d",a,b,sum); return 0;}

1 Adding , Multiplying of two & n Numbers:

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171-2.Adding n Sequential numbers & average of themCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int n,i; float sum=0; scanf("%d",&n); for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { sum=i+sum; } printf("SUM:%.2f\n",sum);

float avg; avg=sum/n; printf("Average:%.2f",avg); return 0;}

1 Adding , Multiplying of two & n Numbers:

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181-3. Adding n numbers & average of themCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int n,i; scanf("%d",&n); int a[n]; float sum=0; for (i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Scan Num%d =",i+1); scanf("%d",&a[i]); } for (i=0;i<n;i++) { sum=a[i]+sum; } printf("SUM: %.2f\n",sum); float avg; avg=sum/n; printf("Average: %.2f",avg); return 0;}

1 Adding , Multiplying of two & n Numbers:

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191-4. Multiplying of n numbers:Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int n,i; scanf("%d",&n); int a[n]; float mul=1; for (i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Scan Num%d =",i+1); scanf("%d",&a[i]); } for (i=0;i<n;i++) { mul=a[i]*mul; } printf("Multiple result: %.2f\n",mul); return 0;}

1 Adding , Multiplying of two & n Numbers:

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201-5. Sum of four digits of a single number:Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int num,fd,sd,td,fourthd,restnum; printf("Enter a four digit Number: "); scanf("%d",&num); fourthd=num/1000; restnum=num%1000; td=restnum/100; restnum=restnum%100; sd=restnum/10; restnum=restnum%10; fd=restnum; printf("First digit: %d\nSecond digit: %d\nThird digit: %d\nFourth digit: %d\n",fd,sd,td,fourthd); int sum=fd+sd+td+fourthd; printf("Sum: %d+%d+%d+%d=%d",fourthd,td,sd,fd,sum); return 0;}

1 Adding , Multiplying of two & n Numbers:

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211-6.Multiplication of four digits of a single number inputCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ int num,fd,sd,td,fourthd,restnum; printf("Enter a four digit Number: "); scanf("%d",&num); fourthd=num/1000; restnum=num%1000; td=restnum/100; restnum=restnum%100; sd=restnum/10; restnum=restnum%10; fd=restnum; printf("First digit: %d\nSecond digit: %d\nThird digit: %d\nFourth digit: %d\n",fd,sd,td,fourthd); int mul=fd*sd*td*fourthd; printf(“Multiplication: %d*%d*%d*%d=%d",fourthd,td,sd,fd,mul); return 0;}

1 Adding , Multiplying of two & n Numbers:

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222 Finding Leap yearCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int year; printf("Enter a year:"); scanf("%d",&year); while (year!=0) { if (year%4==0) { printf("%d is a leap year",year); } else { printf("%d is not a leap year",year); } printf("\n\nEnter a year:"); scanf("%d",&year); } return 0;}

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233 Pyramid 3-1. Pyramid Ascending with increasing numCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int i,j,d,n; printf("Enter the loop number:"); scanf("%d",&n); for (i=0; i<n; i++) { for (j=(n-1)-i ;j >=0 ; j--) { printf(" "); } for (d=1; d<=i+1; d++) { printf("%d ",d); //digit + 1space } printf("\n"); } return 0;}

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243-2.Pyramd Descending with decreasing number:Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int i,j,d,n; printf("Enter the loop number:"); scanf("%d",&n); for (i=0; i<n; i++) { for (j=0 ; j<=i ; j++) { printf(" "); } for (d=n-i; d>0; d--) { printf("%d ",d); } printf("\n"); } return 0;}

3 Pyramid

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25#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int factorial (int a){ int i,b=1; for (i=1;i<=a;i++) { b=b*i; } return(b);}int main(){ int n,m,r,loop,pasclenum; printf("Enter the loop number:"); scanf("%d",&loop); for (n=0; n<loop; n++) { for (m=(loop-1)-n ;m >=0 ; m--) { printf(" "); } for (r=0; r<=n; r++) { pasclenum=factorial(n)/(factorial(r)*factorial(n-r)); printf("%d ",pasclenum); } printf("\n"); } return 0;}

3-3.Pascle Pyramid:

Coding->

3 Pyramid

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264.Finding Roots of Two Degree EquationCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ float a,b,c,D,X1,X2; printf ("Input the values of a,b,andc\n") ; scanf ("%f %f %f" ,&a,&b,&c); D = (b*b-4*a*c); if (D<0) printf ("Determinant = %.2f <0 \nTherefore Roots are IMAGINERY\n",D); else if (D==0) { X1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a); X2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a); printf("Determinant = %.2f \nTherefore Root1 =%.2f is exactly equal to Root2 =%.2f",D,X1,X2); } else if (D>0) { X1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a); X2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a); printf("Determinant = %.2f >0 \nTherefore Root1 =%.2f & Root2 =%.2f",D,X1,X2); } return 0;}

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275.Permutation & CombinationCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int factorial (int a){ int i,b=1; for (i=1; i<=a; i++) { b=b*i; } return(b);}int main(){ int n,r; float perm,comb; printf("n="); scanf("%d",&n); printf("r="); scanf("%d",&r); perm=factorial(n)/factorial(n-r); comb=factorial(n)/(factorial(r)*factorial(n-r)); printf("\nnPr=%.2f\nnCr=%.2f",perm,comb); return 0;}

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286.e^x & e^-xCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int f(int a){ int i,b=1; for (i=1; i<=a; i++) { b=b*i; } return(b);}int main(){ int n,x; float t,s; printf("x="); scanf("%d",&x); s=1;

for (n=1;; n++) { t=pow(x,n)/f(n); if (t<.001) { break; } else { s=s+t; } } printf ("e^%d=%.4f\n",x,s); printf ("e^-%d=%.4f",x,1/s); return 0;}

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297.CGPA grading7-1. CGPA grading( By switch function )Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int number; scanf("%d",&number); switch (number/5) { case 20: //case=int(number/5) case 19: case 18: case 17: case 16: printf ("The Grade is A+\n"); break; case 15: printf ("The Grade is A\n"); break; case 14: printf ("The Grade is A-\n"); break; case 13: printf ("The Grade is B+\n"); break; case 12: printf ("The Grade is B\n"); break;

case 11: printf ("The Grade is B-\n"); break; case 10: printf ("The Grade is C+\n"); break; case 9: printf ("The Grade is C\n"); break; case 8: printf ("The Grade is C-\n"); break; case 7: printf ("The Grade is D\n"); break; case 6: if (number>=33) { printf ("The Grade is E\n"); } else { printf ("The Grade is F\n"); } break;

case 5: case 4: case 3: case 2: case 1: case 0: printf ("The Grade is F\n"); break; } return 0;}

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307.CGPA grading7-2. CGPA grading( By if----else function )Coding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int number; printf("Enter your number (over 100):"); scanf("%d",&number); while (!(number<0 || number>100)) { if(number<=100 && number>=80) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"A+\" grade",number); } else if(number<80 && number>=75) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"A\" grade",number); } else if(number<75 && number>=70) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"A-\" grade",number); } else if(number<70 && number>=65) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"B+\" grade",number); } else if(number<65 && number>=60) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"B\" grade",number); }

else if(number<55 && number>=50) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"C+\" grade",number); } else if(number<50 && number>=45) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"C\" grade",number); } else if(number<45 && number>=40) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"C-\" grade",number); } else if(number<40 && number>=35) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"D\" grade",number); } else if(number<35 && number>=33) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"E\" grade",number); } else if(number<33 && number>=0) { printf("Your marks %d holds \"F\" grade",number); printf("\nDon't worry;\nFailure is the pillar of success"); } printf("\nEnter your number (over 100):"); scanf("%d",&number); } return 0;}

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318.Dollar to Taka convertionCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ float x,y; printf("Enter the amount of dollar="); scanf("%f",&x); y=(x*(80.75)); printf("Enter the amount of taka=%5.2f",y); return 0;}

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329.Solve: 1+1/5+1/10+……….+1/nCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){ float n,x,s,t; printf("n="); scanf("%f",&n); s=1; for(x=5; x<=n; x+=5) // x+=5 means x=x+5 { printf("x=%.0f\n",x); t=1/x; s=s+t; } printf("1+1/5+1/10+...+1/%.0f=%.2f",n,s); return 0;}

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3310.Matrix10.1 Adding of [3x3] matrixCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int r,c,m1[3][3],m2[3][3],m[3][3]; printf ("Matrix A:\n"); for(r=0; r<3; r++) { for (c=0; c<3; c++) { printf ("\nRow=%d,Column=%d:",r+1,c+1); scanf ("%d",&m1[r][c]); } } printf ("\n\nMatrix B:\n"); for(r=0; r<3; r++) { for (c=0; c<3; c++) { printf ("\nRow=%d,Column=%d:",r+1,c+1); scanf ("%d",&m2[r][c]); } }

for(r=0; r<3; r++) { for (c=0; c<3; c++) { m[r][c]=m1[r][c]+m2[r][c] ; } } printf ("\nMatrix Sum:\n"); for(r=0; r<3; r++) { for (c=0; c<3; c++) { printf ("%5d",m[r][c]);

} printf ("\n"); } return 0;}

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3410.Matrix10.2 Multiplying of [3x3] matrixCoding:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int r,c,m1[3][3],m2[3][3],m[3][3]; printf("Matrix1\n"); for(r=0; r<3; r++) for(c=0; c<3; c++) { printf("row=%d column=%d: ",r+1,c+1); scanf ("%d",&m1[r][c]); } printf("Matrix2\n"); for(r=0; r<3; r++) for(c=0; c<3; c++) { printf("row=%d column=%d: ",r+1,c+1); scanf ("%d",&m2[r][c]); }

for(r=0; r<3; r++) for(c=0; c<3; c++) { m[r][c]= m1[r][0]*m2[0][c]+m1[r][1]*m2[1][c]+m1[r][2]*m2[2][c]; } printf("Multiplication:\n"); for(r=0; r<3; r++) { for(c=0; c<3; c++) printf ("%5d",m[r][c]); printf("\n"); } return 0;}