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LBRT: This house would ban children from participating in beauty pageants Contents:

1. Key Articles 2. Additional Articles/Sources

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ARTICLE 1 COULD CHILD BEAUTY PAGENTS BE BANNED IN THE USA? September 25, 2013 The world of beauty queens and pageants was in the hot seat last week, and not just because of the racist online comments hurled at Nina Davuluri after she became the first woman of Indian descent to be named Miss America. In France, legislators moved to ban child beauty pageants on the grounds that they promote the "hyper-sexualization" of minors. A measure even proposes jail time and a fine for violators including parents and organizers who sponsor or encourage "access to these competitions" for anyone under age 16, the Associated Press reported. The French Senate approved the bill, but it must be passed by a lower house of parliament before becoming law. According to The Guardian, the attention to the "Mini-Miss" beauty pageants was prompted by debates over a 2010 photo spread in French Vogue featuring a 10-year-old girl in heavy makeup, high-heeled shoes and tight clothes and pouting provocatively. Such a ban wouldn't fly in the USA, says sociologist Hilary Levey Friedman, a research associate at the Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and author of the new book Playing to Win: Raising Children in a Competitive Culture. "Historically and legally, our system defers to parents to make the right decision for their child," she says. "We see the family as more of a private entity." Karen Kataline, a mental health professional near Denver who participated in child pageants in the 1960s, says she understands the motivation to ban the competitions, but doesn't think that's the answer. The problem "is not just the pageants, it's the parents" who support and encourage the sexualization of their children, says Kataline, author of the memoir FATLASH! Food Police & the Fear of Thin A Cautionary Tale.

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"I'm not against children singing and dancing on stage, but you want them to sing and dance and perform in age-appropriate ways," she says. "Today, we've pushed the envelope to ridiculous degrees." The proposed penalties of up to two years in prison and $40,000 in fines "seem a bit extreme" but the concerns are certainly legitimate, says Martina Cartwright, an adjunct faculty member at the University of Arizona. Her research on child pageants was published last year in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. A task force of the American Psychological Association noted that "girls who are sexualized early will tend to gather their self-worth as an adult based on their appearance," says Cartwright. And there's also the issue of certain adults who "make the assumption that the girls have the ability to make adult decisions just based on the way they look rather than their actual age." She doubts, however, that a ban will adequately address the issue of girls and women "being judged solely on appearance, and the idea that self-worth is only based on how they look." As seen on the hit TLC reality show Toddlers & Tiaras, and its spin-off, Here Comes Honey Boo Boo, child beauty pageants put a premium on appearance. And in the case of so-called "high-glitz" pageants it's an appearance that requires girls to dress up and perform like pint-size adults, complete with fake hair, spray tans, full makeup, ornate costumes and even artificial teeth (known as flippers). Glitz pageants are a multibillion-dollar business now, having exploded since Toddlers & Tiaras came on in 2009, says Cartwright, a registered dietitian who started researching pageants as a result of her work with young performers and athletes. The average total cost of participating in a single competition, according to Cartwright's research: $3,000 to $5,000. That research included attending live tapings of the reality show and traveling to other child pageants, where participation typically drops off between ages 7 and 9. Tears and temper tantrums were common, she says, with many parents denying young children naps or breaks during grueling pageant schedules for fear that sleeping might mess up the child's hair or makeup.

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Cartwright also recounts parents giving their kids caffeinated beverages and Pixy Stix candy, often referred to as "pageant crack," to keep their energy levels high. The addition of television cameras and the desire to be noticed at the competitions only heightens some parents' and contestants' over-the top behavior, says Friedman, who has studied pageants for more than a decade. "I've seen terrible behavior on the part of people associated with child beauty pageants, but it's (increased) when a TV crew is there," Friedman says. Often the adults are "looking for 15 minutes of fame" for themselves and the child, she says. Cartwright has labeled this drive by parents for social or financial gains earned by the child's accomplishments regardless of the risk involved for the child "princess by proxy." Honey Boo Boo star Alana Thompson, 8, symbolizes the potential benefit. A reported 3.2 million viewers (a record for the show) watched the season finale on Sept. 11, and more episodes have been ordered. Thompson recently inspired a line of merchandise, including posters, apparel and accessories. Toddlers & Tiaras alum Isabella Barrett, 7, is a reported millionaire with her own fashion line and TV show in Germany. Another breakout "star" from the show, Eden Wood, 8, had her own short-lived reality show (Eden's World) and was the subject of the recent tell-all book, Unleashing a Momster: A Peek Behind the Curtain at the Tragic Life of America's Most Successful Child Pageant Star, written by her former manager. The often sassy, over-the-top personalities that make for eye-catching TV have influenced local pageants, says Cartwright. "Parents think that's how their child should behave in order to win. What they see on TV is what they want to create in their own reality." Although child beauty pageants have been around since 1880, the last time they were the focus of such attention was following the death in 1996 of JonBenet Ramsey, a 6-year-old beauty pageant veteran, says Friedman. Back then, the world of kid pageants was still very much "a subculture limited to geographic pockets," she says. In today's wired world,

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however, anyone anywhere in the country inspired by watching the TV shows can get on the Internet and find out where to buy the best dress and accessories, get coaching on Skype and find a competition. Fans of pageants point to the poise, presence and confidence that participants (both girls and boys) gain, as well as the parent-child bonding, says Cartwright. For those who enjoy the dress-up factor for their daughters but in a less overdone setting, many turn to so-called "natural" pageants that restrict "the glitz, makeup and risqué dresses," she says. Anna Berry of Littleton, Colo., cites numerous benefits for her daughter Ashley, 14, who was once "so shy she wouldn't order food for herself at a restaurant." Since getting involved with "natural" pageants four years ago, she has developed "self-confidence, self-esteem, come out of her shell, and made great new friendships," says Berry. Many pageants also highlight academic performance and volunteer service, so Ashley's achievements in those areas, especially her work as an anti-bullying advocate, have also been encouraged, Berry says. The potential for scholarship money is another plus, says Stephanie Warren, a self-described "pageant girl-turned-pageant director-turned pageant mom" in La Grange, Ky. Her daughter, Alexis, 7, has already earned $2,500 toward her college education via natural pageant competitions. Alexis does not compete in any of the events sponsored by her mom's America's Natural Supreme Beauties, which Warren developed as "an affordable, natural, national pageant system ... that strives to make each and every one of our contestants feel like family." Letting girls compete in a well-run pageant is no different from "letting them do a sport like cheerleading, dance or gymnastics," she says. "If you're going to ban this are you going to ban that? I think pageants get picked on in a way." Child pageants, like all competitive child activities, would benefit from clear guidelines and regulations, says Friedman. Making sure that pageant operators are legitimate businesses will help reduce "the scam aspect" that parents often complain about when putting out large sums of money for their child to participate, she says.

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Regulations should also address issues of health and safety, she says: "I've been to pageants where there's an outbreak of pinkeye because the same products were used on all the kids." And parents need to think about and educate themselves about the influence these competitions have not only on the participants, but the kids who watch them on TV, says Cartwright. "TV images have a huge impact on little girls and the type of messages they internalize about what is normal, how they should look and how they should behave." BY: Michelle Healy SOURCE: USA Today http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/09/22/beauty-pageants-children--ban/2842431/

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ARTICLE 2 YOU RE NOT WELCOME HERE : OUTRAGE AS ANOTHER US CHILD BEAUTY PAGEANT PREPARES TO LAND ON AUSTRALIAN SHORES July 6, 2014 An Australian social activist group will be asking the Victorian Government to put a stop to a US-style child beauty pageant being held in Melbourne next month. Collective Shout has been leading the charge against such pageants since 2011, when Universal Royalty - an American organistion that hosts the events - bought the first one to Australia. But despite the unwelcoming reception it received three years ago, the Universal Royalty Beauty Pageant is on its way back. For the second time it will be held in Melbourne on August 2. Melinda Tankard Reist, a co-founder of Collective Shout, said there had been plenty of research that showed pageants of this nature were not healthy for the normal development of young girls. These types of pageants are similar to the ones seen on US reality television series, Toddlers and Tiaras, which follows contestants on the circuit, and shows young girls dolled-up to look like adults wearing full faces of make-up and often in tiny sparkling costumes. 'We believe our girls should run around and develop at their own pace,' Ms Tankard Reist told Daily Mail Australia. 'Anyone who has watched Toddlers and Tiaras see how the girls are preened, and taught how to strut and look sexy for the judges.' Ms Tankard Reist also pointed to a report released three days ago by the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, which is part of the Australian Institute of Family Studies. The report found Australian children as young as eight were struggling with body image issues. 'Perceptions of body image in children start early,' Ms Tankard Reist said.

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based on looks. 'Pageants are just going to make it worse.' Ms Tankard Reist said Universal Royalty pageants had been Collective Shout's main focus.

'Darebin City Council in Melbourne has moved to disallow beauty

'We will be calling on [relevant ministers] in the Victorian state government to express their disappointment at the Universal Royalty pageant coming to Australia.' The social commentator's comments come a week after the Western Australian Government's Joint Standing Committee on the Commissioner for Children and Young People released its report on the sexualisation of children. One of the report's recommendations was to regulate child beauty pageants in the state. 'It is useful to consider...the participation of children in beauty pageants because the potential regulation of beauty pageants would also come within the ambit of child protection,' it said. 'Some concern exists in the community that children and young people who enter these competitions are being exploited. 'Potential regulation could include banning the participation in beauty pageants for children of a particular age irrespective of parental consent or regulating the manner in which such competitions are held.' Since its Australian debut in 2011, Universal Royal has held pageants in Sydney in 2012 and 2013. Daily Mail Australia has contacted Universal Royalty Beauty Pageants and the Australian Royalty Pageant for comment.

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BY: Louise Cheer SOURCE: Daily Mail http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2679228/Outrage-US-child-beauty-pageant-landing-Australian-shores.html

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ARTICLE 3 CHILD BEAUTY PAGEANTS MAY BE MORE ABOUT PARENTS October 29, 2012 A new paper takes a critical look at the child beauty pageant circuit in which thousands of children compete in America every year. The paper, published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, reviews the exploits of child reality TV star Honey Boo Boo, including the show about life on the child beauty pageant circuit. Martina M. Cartwright, Ph.D., a registered dietician and adjunct

ional sciences, is the author of the new paper. She writes that high-glitz child pageants largely popularized by the

- often have little to do with the children and much

more to do with satisfying the needs of their parents. Cartwright suggests that participation in such pageants can be harmful

-esteem. In her observational research, Cartwright attended two live tapings of

bit

risk involved for the child. Cartwright focused specifically on the $5 billion glitz pageant industry, which was first made known to many in 1995, following the death of 5-year-old beauty queen Jon-Benet Ramsey. In glitz pageants, young contestants wear heavy makeup and ornate costumes, with price tags sometimes topping $1,500. Along with entry fees, photos and other common pageant expenses like wigs, fake tans and artificial teeth known as flippers the average total cost of participating in a single glitz competition, according to Cartwrigresearch, runs about $3,000 to $5,000.

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Prizes at the contests might include cash awards, crowns, trips, puppies

The potential for fame and fortune, Cartwright said, may contribute to

rents. It is not uncommon for parents, especially those of young athletes, to

Cartwright, who has worked extensively with young athletes and dancers as a dietician.

and in order to achieve what they perceive as success, they may engage in risky behaviors, objectification or even abuse and exploitation of a child, elements of which Cartwright said she witnessed at the glitz pageants she attended.

r a little while, but to insist

beyond that because later on that knocks their self- In her investigation, Cartwright talked with pageant parents who made

She also witnessed parents putting high pressure on their young

an unnatural and adult-like physical appearance and chastising them for poor performance, lack of enthusiasm or a flawed appearance.

as based on what these kids look like and the way that

fully made up; they looked like adult women, pint-size. They were

The emphasis on physical perfection may put young girls at risk for adult body dissatisfaction, and potentially eating disorders, Cartwright believes.

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She said she also worries that the competitions sexualize young girls by encouraging them to look like grown-ups. She recalled in particular one young contestant, wearing a Playboy bunny costume, being carried onto the stage by her father, dressed as Hugh Hefner. Cartwright is also concerned about the physical health of young pageant participants. At the pageants she observed, where contestants ranged in age from 4 months to 15 years, she said tears and temper tantrums were common, with many parents denying their children naps or breaks during grueling

appearance. She also saw several parents giving their children caffeinated beverages

two bags of crack and two cans of energy drink so she can stay up for

on a schedule of

Although Ca

the motivation for some parents to enter their children in the competitions.

She also emphasized the importance of teaching young children that self-esteem is not all about looks.

garner self-

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BY: Rick Nauert PhD SOURCE: PsychCentral https://psychcentral.com/news/2012/10/29/child-beauty-pageants-may-be-more-about-parents/46818.html

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ARTICLE 4 LET US LIVE OUR DREAMS, SAY FRANCE S CHILD BEAUTY QUEENS October 14, 2013 Myriam's seven-year-old daughter is leaning against the wall, at the risk of crushing her blonde locks, curled and lacquered this morning. "Camille, mind your hair!" her mother cautions. They left home in northern France at 8.30am on a Saturday with Marie, 10, the elder sister, their friend Laura, 11, and her mother Caroline. In their cases they have three long red and black flamenco-style dresses with frills and sequins. Now the girls are waiting in an alley in the 11th arrondissement of Paris, along with about 100 other competitors, for the start of the Mini-Miss Model France 2013 contest (five to 11 years) and its counterpart, the Miss Junior Teen France (12 to 17 years). Myriam and Caroline are wondering what got into the upper house of the French parliament last month when it passed an amendment banning beauty contests for under-16s. Such events allegedly encourage the "hypersexualisation" of young girls, making them attach too much importance to their appearance. "The people who did that have never been to a contest," Caroline protests. "This isn't America." The girls average one contest a month, generally in the north of France where they are commonplace. "The price isn't the same,"

outlay. But the dresses are home-made and the girls are pleased. They are the ones who started the whole thing, to keep up with their friends. The mothers enjoy it too. "I work nights in a drug factory," Myriam explains. "With a day out at a contest we get to see friends, have a laugh and a chat. The kids get gifts and we all end up at McDonald's. It makes a good outing." Caroline, a housekeeper, agrees: "Here, I get to see people." In the auditorium the mothers have turned into dressers, and their daughters into princesses. A few fathers and brothers are hanging around on the sidelines. We are treated to a firework display of brightly coloured robes, tulle, feathers, fake gems, fabric flowers and glittering hairdos. This is what Camille, Marie and Laura love: playing at being a princess, making new friends. "We're not only judged on appearances, but also the way we walk," Laura says. The organisers endorse this

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claim. Laura is also a motocross enthusiast and wants to be a lawyer. Their mothers add: "If their marks aren't good [at school] there's no contest." But surely they are a bit young to be courting failure? "It's tough when you lose, but that's life. It's not all rosy," says Caroline. "They've been preparing for this for so long, parading in front of the mirror, and now it's the big night, the opportunity of a lifetime," Caroline adds. After a song to launch the proceedings, compere Michel Le Parmentier urges the media covering the event to check behind the scenes that there is no make-up and no high heels, "in keeping with our ethical charter". Barbara, 13, last year's Miss Junior Teen, steps up with a message for MPs who are due to debate a bill on gender equality at the end of November and decide whether the "Mini-Miss" amendment, tabled by senator Chantal Jouanno, is voted into law. "Please leave us alone to live out our dreams," Barbara pleads. "Ms Jouanno makes out we'll turn into prostitutes. It's degrading," she said earlier. The show proper begins. In the stifling heat the young girls stalk up and down the catwalk. Some strike poses, for a laugh; others are more serious. The atmosphere changes when the 12- to 17-year-olds take the stage. Dresses are darker, shorter, more body-hugging. High heels replace the ballet pumps and faces are clearly made up. "At that age, they're almost adults," Le Parmentier claims without batting an eyelid. Nina, 12, in a pink, flounced skirt looks almost an infant in her category. "I wanted to give it a try a year ago because people kept saying I was fat," she says. "To feel prettier." "These contests are fine, providing they don't go too far," says her mother, Estelle, an educational assistant from the outskirts of Paris. "But kids that age wearing heels makes no sense. It just wrecks their feet and back." She would prefer stricter rules. Stacy, 13, already has her sights on better things. With her stilettos, prim black dress and curled hair pulled back in a bun, she could be five or 10 years older. She wants to be "a model or an actress". Her mother, Karine, sees no point in waiting. "At that age, they know what they want," she says. "Better start a career early. I'd have liked to but I never really got going. What I didn't do for myself, I'd readily do for her. I'd be so proud if she became a star." Karine is "completely against" the possible ban on such contests, much the same as everyone else at the event. "In the same breath they allow gay marriage but ban Mini-Miss contests. It makes no sense," says another parent. The organisers, all volunteers belonging to a non-profit,

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according to Le Parmentier, intend to "fight" the amendment between now and November to save the nationwide contests and contain the "abuses" allegedly committed by some regional events. Neither Camille, Marie nor Laura won the sash, bouquet and crown awarded to winners. "I'm a bit disappointed, you know," says Laura. She is holding one of the diadems given to all the participants, but it is already broken. BY: Gaëlle Dupont SOURCE: The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/14/beauty-pageant-contest-ban-france

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ARTICLE 5 NOT JUST FOR GIRLS: MEET THE BOYS WHO ENTER BEAUTY PAGEANTS AND WIN April 22, 2014 If you thought beauty pageants were just for girls, think again.

worst nightmare. For brothers Jude, nine, and five-year-old Jake Collins-

Since March last year, the pair have been competing alongside girls in

making them the most successful pageant boys in the country. At home, in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, the shelves are stacked with their prizes sashes for Mr Photogenic and Ultimate World Supreme King. And then there are the crowns covered in fake jewels and so heavy the boys struggle to keep them on their heads. There are so many different prizes that parents Sara, 44, and Graham, 46, have had to store many of them in boxes to make space in their three-bedroom home.

charity by competing.

The 44-year-old, who works as a community centre deputy manager,

-gloss and fake lashes for the boys although Sara admits they do have a hint of mascara and face powder to accentuate their natural looks under the bright lights.

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have false hair pieces, spray tans or anything.

less washed out. They generally have a bit of powder and a tiny bit of mascara to make them look healthier and happier.

e, false eye lashes, false nails the whole kit and caboodle. But right now they

While the girls sashay along the catwalk in their impossibly huge ball gowns for the formal wear round, the boys wear mini tuxedos

Both know how to sashay down the stage before stopping for a pose and maybe blowing a cheeky kiss. The contests also see the contestants wear fancy dress Jake has a pirate outfit while Jude is St George the knight.

routines.

going out there to charm the audience.

home they get out there and wing it. They blow kisses and wink. But

She ad

The boys first began to show interest in pageants after watching their older sister, Ella, 13, compete.

dly bullied at school and it affected her so

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was the right thing for a vulnerable girl to do. But we did our research and decided to give it a go. The moment she walked on to the catwalk she lit up the room.

g. She walked down the catwalk like she owned it and she was genuinely happy for the first

and Jude actually had tears in his eyes.

and my family this happy, it was worth all the criticism from those who h all the money.

at all.

give them every opportunity in life to experience whatever they want to

outgoing. Jude was always quite quiet and would happily melt in to the

hope that this will help him in life.

insane and hysteri After the glitz and glam of the pageants, the boys are just normal kids who love Doctor Who and Star Wars. Jude goes to the local primary school, while Jake is home-schooled. In their spare time they still enjoy kicking a football around at the park or playing their favourite video games on their Xbox.

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regarded as a feminine hobby. And while Jude says thawhen he told them about his competitions he admits that some think

-only events.

d thing. It might turn their son gay or whatever it might be.

anything but my boys.

it makes them into a fulfilled, ha

home covered in mud.

But it may be a while before they can convince the UK that pageants are just as much for princes as they are for princesses. There are currently just five mainstream pageants that allow boys to compete and each only attracts between five and ten male competitors.

- but Sara is about to break tradition by launching the first all-male contest this year, called Boys to Men.

-girl event.

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false eyelashes or hairspray that will all be banished.

at all bout their personality and self- Sara admits there may come a time when the boys no longer want to take part in pageants. Since they began competing, both have been signed to a talent agency.

Jude has auditioned for two feature films. But, for now, she and Graham, a self-employed tennis coach, are willing to fork out the £3,000 a year in pageant entry fees and costumes. And

what the kids want to do, this is what they will do.

Graham addedstage.

happy to go with them, help them get ready and just enjoy them being

BY: The Huffingtonpost UK SOURCE: http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/04/22/beauty-pageants-boys-toddlers-and-tiaras-girls_n_5189905.html

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ARTICLE 6 - CHILD BEAUTY CONTESTS CAN HELP GIRLS IN LATER LIFE September 20, 2013 On Tuesday senators in France voted to ban children's beauty contests to prevent the "hyper-sexualisation" of kids, promising tough sanctions for those who break the law, including a two-year prison sentence.

not let our daughters think from such a young age that they will

Senate. The ban, which needs to be backed by National Assembly deputies later in the Autumn before becoming law, was warmly received and has even had an impact over the Atlantic, where the public in the US, considered the home of kids' beauty pageants, are now mulling the merits of a similar ban. But the Senate's vote has not been well received everywhere, not least by Michel le Parmentier, organizer of the annual "Mini-Miss" pageant in Paris. Here he tells The Local why his contests are light years away from the "barbie doll" beauty pageants in the US and how dressing up like a princess can help girls in later life.

looking sexy. They are dressed up in high heels, given false wigs, fake tan, fake teeth and transformed into Barbie dolls. That might be good

-Misssuits or high heels, make up and so on.

-sexualisation in the 'Mini-l a bit of fun.

"I invented this concept of 'Mini-Miss' in France over 20 years ago and until recently there were no problems what so ever. But then came the

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broadcast of an American beauty contest on NT1 channel called 'Mini-Miss - who will be the most beautiful' (Qui sera la plus belle?). "It showed the little girls in high heels, covered in make-up, wearing swim suits etc and everything changed in France. We tried to persuade broadcast authorities to ban the screening of the programme in France but with the Internet people were still able to watch it. It shocked people and that is why the senators made this amendment this week.

It is just about dressing up as a princess. They are judged on the dress and on their attitude and personality. The winner will be the cutest, the one

proposed the ban. She does not want girls to be judged on their -Miss' is

not about saying one is more beautiful than the other. It's about educating them to be well dressed, polite and positive in their own skin. It helps them in later life. "Two years in prison is too strong. Mums of 'Mini-Miss' contestants are

dress up like princesses. They plan to protest to the deputies in the National Assembly to lift the ban.

er these contests take place it's

want their daughters to like dressing up like princesses then they have to educate them how they want.

-sexualisation of children is up to parents not up to us.

mini-skirts etc because they will get attention from some bad people.

that we have no control over and they do make the children wear swim wear and so on but that's why we are calling for regulation, not a complete ban." BY: Ben McPartland SOURCE: The Local https://www.thelocal.fr/20130920/France-child-beauty-contests-ban-mini-miss-pageants-le-parmentier

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ADDITIONAL ARTICLES/SOURCES:

1. Beauty Pageants Are Bad for Everyone http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheila-moeschen/beauty-pageants-are-bad-fore-everyone_b_3466575.html

2. In Defense of Beauty Pageants http://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/11/17/in-defense-beauty-pageants.html

3. The whys and woes of child beauty pageants http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2000/06/the-whys-and-woes-of-child-beauty-pageants/

4. Child Beauty Pageants: What Are We Teaching Our Girls? https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/food-thought/201108/child-beauty-pageants-what-are-we-teaching-our-girls

5. Why Quebec is right not to try to ban child beauty pageants http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/why-quebec-is-right-not-to-try-to-ban-child-beauty-pageants/article14584602/

6. Parents defend putting their kids in beauty pageants http://www.today.com/parents/parents-defend-putting-their-kids-beauty-pageants-2D80555125

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