landscape of experience

2014/15

Emergent Territories - Intelligent Cities

BARCELONA

MASTER IN ADvANCEDARCHITECTURE

Landscape of experiences

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MASTER IN ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE

Barcelona

Thesis Project Title: Landscape of

experiences

Director: Willy Müller

Faculty Assistant: Jorge Perea - Jordi Mansilla

Assistant: Jordi Vivaldi

Yanna Haddad

Joy Alexandre Harb K

Pia Grobner

Research Studio:

Emergent Territories - Intelligent Cities

07

Thesis

What will the city look like in 100 years? Nowadays we imagine architecture as something static. But Life is not static. Nor is a city or a building. Buil-dings already change their functions, when the use changes, as well as their appearance by preserving or developing renovations. Cities are systems in constant change, shaped by flows of people, de-vices and data. Bit by bit, buildings change, giving the city a new face every day. But why do buildings have to be static? Already in the 1960’s architects like Ron Herron of Archigram proposed massive robotic structures, which could walk wherever it might be the best. The walking city nowadays is an icon in architectural theory. Examples of kinetic architecture can be found already today. Heather-wicks‘ Rolling Bridge is just one example. So what if not only the city changes by fluctuant construc-tions, but the buildings itself alter?

Archigram, A Walking City

08

In 100 years architecture will not be limited to inactive objects anymore. Kinetic architecture is established, constructions are not frozen in one moment, they change constantly to the current needs. Rooms can grow when the number of people increases, bridges can come up only when needed, leaving free space if not. But how can the structure know about those needs? The 21st century is the era of data collection. Everybody has several devices, which observe, record and publish data every second used. This data can be taken to measure pedestrian and traffic flows, current needs and shortages. The structure will respond to that input as well as it can already provide the surrounding for certain scenarios. Two surfaces respond either in different ways. One works in a performative way and one works observative. Together they shape a space with various functions, reacting to the behavior of the people.

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inception# 01

What about future?

10

The location between Montjuic and the harbor is full of contradictions. On one hand it is a place with lots of connections. The ships are landing, bringing thousands of people and tons of goods to Barcelona every day. A big street is connecting the airport to the city. And the view from the castle to the sea is stunning. On the other hand there are lots of frictions. The street, connecting in one direction, is a huge barrier in the perpendicular way. From the top of the mountain the sea seems far away, although well seen. The hill slope itself is a barrier, which makes the castle on top inaccessible from the seaside.

And though every tourist visiting Barcelona is passing this place, nobody ever stops there. Whether the people come from the big cruise ships or if they come from the airport, they always pass the constriction between the harbor and the Montjuic. As well as the inhabitants of Barcelona, close enough to see it every day – nobody is aware of this place. In the site analysis we extracted the main nodes, which function as fixed activator points for the structure. In addition the site was sliced in seven sections, each one representing another zone and function. The aim of the structure is to connect the existing nodes as well as the divided area. The mountain will be connected with the seafront again, the harbor will be connected with its city.

el morrotthe site

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SHIPS / ISLANDS- Ship Arrival- Settling

SHIPS CONNECTIVITY- Ship Arrival- Direct Access

DENSITY OF ACTIVITY- Leisure

NATURE VEINS- Green Link

PERCEPTION SPACES- Leisure

SUN AND SHADE- Housing- Hotels

GOODS ARRIVAL- Goods Distribution- Market- Storage Spaces

S2S1 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Water front

Water front

City connection

Ship arrival

City

Island

Island

Island

Island

Water front

Good arrival

Distribution tracks

Distribution streets

Montjuic

La Ronda litoral

Ship arrival

bridge view

market

port activity

Castle of Montjuic

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SHIPS / ISLANDS- Ship Arrival- Settling

SHIPS CONNECTIVITY- Ship Arrival- Direct Access

DENSITY OF ACTIVITY- Leisure

NATURE VEINS- Green Link

PERCEPTION SPACES- Leisure

SUN AND SHADE- Housing- Hotels

GOODS ARRIVAL- Goods Distribution- Market- Storage Spaces

S2S1 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Water front

Water front

City connection

Ship arrival

City

Island

Island

Island

Island

Water front

Good arrival

Distribution tracks


Montjuic

La Ronda litoral

Ship arrival

bridge view

market

port activity

Castle of Montjuic

N250 50 100 200 400

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Thinking of the Future

What should a structure be able to in the future? It should emerge due to the circumstances. It’s nothing stable anymore; it reacts and responds to the surrounding. But it is shaping the surrounding itself as well. Through interaction there is a constant change.

EMERGENT TERRITORIES

intelligent cities

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brainstorming modelfoam on foamSpaces emerge and disappear again, the structure turns more into an

idea than a solid building.

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FUTURE TRANSPORTATION The cable car of tomorrow

The cable car is a very old transportation device. First documents about it where found from 1411. The first modern cable car for people was built in 1907 in San Sebastian. In 2010 the cable car was rethought as a public transportation device in Caracas. However, the technology has certain limits. Due to the cables the radius and track of a cable car are just linear. It can move from point a to point b and back. But besides the simple transportation it has much more to offer: the experience of being above the things, the stunning views and the feeling of hovering. In 50 years technology might be so far that the limiting cables are not needed anymore – and the device could move free through space. Instead of a linear path it could form a rhizomatic pattern over the city, reacting to the current demand. Via smart tracking it could respond to accumulations. Shortages and long waiting times could be prevented. Flexible units can make their way either alone or form bigger structures for groups of passengers. The cable car of the future will be a smart, fast and convenient way of travelling without loosing its amazing experience.

the device

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Although the site of the industrial harbor is ignored by tourists as well as by the inhabitants of the city, we could find some beauty in this place. From the points of interest, that where given already on the site, we formed a structure, responding to them as well as offering a new life and interest to the location. The structure consists out of two surfaces, one is forming the activities of the users, for exam-ple it shapes a big arena for concerts. The other surface is reacting in a passive way, it responds to the movement and distribution of the users, so if a lot of people are in the same place, it will open up, if the people are more distributed, it will intersect more with the other surface, shaping smaller rooms. The structure will embrace the incoming tourists as well as providing a space to the locals for recreation and interaction. Locals and tourists merge there in bigger events as well as small workshops. The structure also provides space for the port activities, interweaving leisure facilities with commercial and industrial functions. According to the needs one is more weighted in the distribution than the other, responding to the contemporary necessities.

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Section 1# 02

Landscape of Experience

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FORMFINDING ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOURSHAPE THROUGH REALTIME DATA INPUTS

FORM FOLLOWS DATA

In 100 years urban structures as well as buildings will not be static anymore. They will change their shape according to the needs of the user and the given circumstances. But how does the building know what to do? Nowadays everybody carries various devices that measure nearly everything. By tracking the geolocation of images and posts uploaded on social networks, a rough outline of the users behavior can be done already. Analyzing the content of the images and posts gives even more information. Almost everything can be measured. The structure responds to the given input. If there is a large gathering of people it will shape bigger rooms to allow more space. If cars want to cross from one terminal to the other, it will shape a bridge. When a ship wants to pass, it moves to the ground of the harbor. If smaller ships need docks, the structure creates various islands, as well as connections to the land. If someone from the harbor wishes to reach the peak of the mountain, the surface will transport him there. When there is no input given, the two surfaces rest and merge with the existing landscape.

METHOD

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www.atnight.ws projectgeolocation of social network posts

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Mapping the geolocation of online posts during one day in Barcelona.

The highest amount of images is concentrated around the monuments

of Barcelona.

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Mapping the images on the harbour site during one day and

superimposing them. The highest points are the peaks of interest.

Through this a topography of interest can be extracted, which shapes

the structure.

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The main user of the harbor is the tourist. Every year millions of visitors enter the city. Over the past 20 years their number has quadrupled, in 2014 the number has reached 8 millions. An increasing num-ber arrives via the harbor, coming with the cruise ships, which resemble a floating city itself. Tourists visit Barcelona for various reasons. Some want to experience the city rather in a passive way like enjoying the views of the city or listening to music. Others want to explore it in an active way like going hiking on the mountains or joining cooking classes. But also the activities of the locals can be classified in those categories.

Therefore the structure is parted in two surfaces: one functions as an observative platform, the other one performative. Each one has different functions according to their aim. Together they shape an active urban space that connects the harbor site with the city.

THE USER structure

Passive

The passive behavior of the tourist creates an observative surface where tourists come from sightseeing and to en-joy the view.

The active behavior of the tourist creates a performa-tive surface where tourists come to participate in con-certs, symposiums and many other activities.

Active

Tourists'behavior

observative

performative

23

two surfaces

responds to the behaviour of the peoplepassive

responds to the activitiesactive

ship arrival

sea access

castle

montjuic

access la ronda

port activity

ship arrival



ship arrival

sea access

castle

montjuic

access la ronda

port activity

ship arrival



ship arrival

sea access

castle

montjuic

access la ronda

port activity

ship arrival

observative surface

performative surface

24

floor plan

mass plan

The two surfaces create various spaces by intersecting. The developed

rooms will be used for cultural venues like art exhibitions, workshops or

concerts. On top of the waves a promenade can be found that reaches

from the waterfront up to the castle of montjuic.

auditorium 1

auditorium 2

gallery

sea viewculture exchange/provisions

image room

information harbor view

access street

25

final presentation term 2The first section reaches from the industrial part of the harbor over

the highway la ronda litoral and up the mountain to the castle of

montjuic.

27section and top view

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The Model The two surfaces create various spaces inbetween each other.

Connections define the spaces more. With videoprojections the

movement was shown. The intersectionlines move on the surface,

defining the space below and above.

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video projection on model

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Thesis Project# 03

Expanding over the Harbor

32S2S1 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Water front

Water front

City connection

Ship arrival

City

Island

Island

Island

Island

Water front

Good arrival

Distribution tracks


Montjuic

La Ronda litoral

Ship arrival

bridge view

market

port activity

Castle of Montjuic



renaturalization parkactive surface - green surface fading to mountainpassive surface - path system, connecting & observing

goodsstorage hall & distributionactive surface - distribution of goods passive surface - storage space

triphibianterminal & marketactive surface - market; space of interactionpassive surface - terminal

hedonismhousingactive surface - the spaces inbetween form living spacespassive surface - on top an exclusive landscape emerges

plug - interminalactive surface - connection to the ships & link to the citypassive surface - creates a shelter; waiting halls

democracy of spacedrive-by islandsactive surface - creates islands for shipspassive surface - observation paths & connection

2 surfacesactive - passive

appropriationof the concepts

nodes of thenew parameters

sectionsnature goods triphibian exclusivity sizeexperience ships

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

ship arrival

sea access

castle

montjuic

access la ronda

port activity

ship arrival

After concentrating on the first section the structure has to expand over the whole terri-tory. Seven groups worked on seven sections and each one had a different concept. The consecutive method was to appropriate the different concepts and merge them in the structure. Therefore the harbor was divided into seven sections and zones. Each zone va-ries in shape and function. The first sector is the dedicated to leisure time. Here big con-certs are happening as well as exhibitions. The structure reaches from the sea up to the castle to connect the two counterpoints and offer views all over. The second one is a green zone. The active surface merges into green space where plants grow while the passive one forms paths that lead through the park. The third one is dedicated to the harbor work. Containers and goods are stored in between the surfaces and distribu-ted to further destinations. The consecutive one has a triphibian concept. It functions as a terminal and gate for the cruise ship pass-engers. It connects the harbor directly with the city and the mountain. The fifth area is a housing zone. Here the surfaces multiply and create various spaces in between that will be used for accommodation. The locations are next to the waterfront and on top of the mountain so that each space has a unique view. The last two areas function mainly for the ships. Plug-in ramps connect the ships to the land and offer the passengers a welcome to Barcelona. The last zone appears mainly

EMERGING ON THE SITE

concept

in the ocean, the surfaces dive into the water and only peak out in a few points. They crea-te islands where they are needed, so ships can dock there and recharge their supply, if they don’t want to stay on the land.

33S2S1 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Water front

Water front

City connection

Ship arrival

City

Island

Island

Island

Island

Water front

Good arrival

Distribution tracks


Montjuic

La Ronda litoral

Ship arrival

bridge view

market

port activity

Castle of Montjuic



renaturalization parkactive surface - green surface fading to mountainpassive surface - path system, connecting & observing

goodsstorage hall & distributionactive surface - distribution of goods passive surface - storage space

triphibianterminal & marketactive surface - market; space of interactionpassive surface - terminal

hedonismhousingactive surface - the spaces inbetween form living spacespassive surface - on top an exclusive landscape emerges

plug - interminalactive surface - connection to the ships & link to the citypassive surface - creates a shelter; waiting halls

democracy of spacedrive-by islandsactive surface - creates islands for shipspassive surface - observation paths & connection

2 surfacesactive - passive

appropriationof the concepts

nodes of thenew parameters

sectionsnature goods triphibian exclusivity sizeexperience ships

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

ship arrival

sea access

castle

montjuic

access la ronda

port activity

ship arrival

34

ZONES & FUNCTIONS

36

section lines

LOFTING THE SEVEN CONCEPTS

merging

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axonometry of the siteBy placing the section curves on the site and lofting them together

two smooth surfaces where generated. The structure raeches from

the ocean to the mountain and merges with the whole harbor site.

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green zone I section 2

cargo area I section 3

landscape of experience I section 1

ADAPTION OF THE SEVEN CONCEPTS

appropriation

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triphibian I section 4

housing I section 5

plug-in terminals I section 6

islands I section 7

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The surface behavior varies according to the given circumstances. On one hand it shapes to the current need, like for example shaping ramps when a ship arrives or big concerts halls in case of events. But it also responds to the amount of people, if there is a lot of ac-tivity, the surface has more wave movement and intersections, when there is low activity, the structure calms down and settles. Gene-rally there is more movement in summer, as the activity is higher than in winter. In the low season the structure merges more with the surrounding and appears less visible. The highest activity happens when there are special events like the world race.

RESPONSIVE STRUCTURE

evolution

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El Morrot 2115The waterfront as reconnected with the mountain, the citiy is reconnec-

ted with the harbor. By 2115 El Morrot will be a whole new district of

Barcelona. The city expanded rapidly, El Morrot is not isolated at the edge

anymore, but embedded in the heart of the city.

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El Morrot 2115 view from terminal AThe structure reaches over the whole site, covering the harbor like a

skin. It combines with the existing objects like the bridge, interacting

with them.

44

The energy used for the movement of the structure is generated by the surface itself. With piezoelectric materials, the pressure energy of the surrounding is collected and directly distributed to the spots needed. The pressure causing elements are the con-tainers of the harbor work, the waves and the users. Through piezoelectric materials, the weight pushed on the skin can be transformed into electric energy. The spots with the most activity usually produce and consume most electricity, therefore the energy is always directly produced where it is needed. Ex-cess energy will be directed to the electricity system of Barcelona.

energy concept

PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

peoples movement

(ships) wave power

harbor work

energy for the structures movement

surface movement according to the energy level

Energy Floors - 2-20 Joule per step on tile

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ENERGY PRODUCTION HOTSPOTS

energy harvesting rate:

high

medium

low

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SCENARIOS RESPONSE

winter

summer

events

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INPUT

DATA ENERGY PRODUCER

700.000

600.000

500.000

400.000

300.000

200.000

100.000

Janu

ary

Febr

uary

Mar

ch

April

May

June July

Augu

st

Sept

embe

r

Oct

ober

Nov

embe

r

Dec

embe

r

0

total passengers

Janu

ary

Febr

uary

Mar

ch

April

May

June July

Augu

st

Sept

embe

r

Oct

ober

Nov

embe

r

Dec

embe

r

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

4.000.000

4.500.000

goods (tonnes)goods (tonnes)

passengers

wave pressure

peoples movement

(ships) wave power

harbor work



peoples movement

(ships) wave power

harbor work



peoples movement

(ships) wave power

harbor work



harbor work

people movement

ships - wave power

source: portdebarcelona.cat

48

energy production:

DURING THE SEASONS

energy harvesting rate:

high

medium

low

WINTER SUMMER EVENT

WINTER

section 1

section 2

section 3

section 4

section 5

section 6

section 7

49

WINTER SUMMER EVENT

SUMMER EVENTS

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At night the structurre is illuminated by the piezoelectricity. People

walking on it can see their own energy footprint. Each foot step creates

between 2 and 20 Joules.

energy Floors

BARCELONA20.08.2115 I 22:00

52

By slicing the structure the harbor if no covered anymore by a thick skin, but a trans-lucent structure that merges with the su-rrounding. Through the steps and gaps, the space is defined and easier accessible. The steps invite to sit or to climb up on top of the structure. The arms reach like feathers into the water. The structure provides shelter from rain in winter and shading in summer. Through the gaps natural air ventilation is maintained. The stripes can move individua-lly or in groups. Therefore a high flexibility to react to needs is given.

GOING FURTHER

final structure

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intelligent harborThe surface shapes the harbor in a constant change. Just like the surron-

ding is changing by incoming and departing ships. Docks and quays are

created when boats arrive and want to set. If they only want to make a

short stop over, instant islands are created.

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continuous landscapeThe harbour is not an alienated element in the site anymore. The

landscape reaches continouosly from the ocean up tho the mountain,

the structure is embedded inbetween the two natural elements.

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a new attractionThe harbour is not an alienated element in the site anymore. It is not

only an entrance of the city but an attraction itself.

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2 days - 2 scenarios

Barcelona 25.05.2115

soccer match

Barcelona 21.06.2115

promenade

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CONCLUSIONS# 04

Barcelona 2115

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THE WORLD OF TOMORROW

We do not know what the world or Barcelona will look like in 100 years. The Landscape of Experience is an attempt to draw the outline of the future shape of Barcelona. Following the population graphs today, the city will grow and expand rapidly. The site of el Morrot will not be the edge of Barcelona anymore but a whole new district embedded in the city pattern. The cities future image will be shaped by mega structures. The future buildings will have multiple functions. Spaces will be fluent. Inside and outside, public and private, industrial and commercial, the structure will blur. Through sensors and processors the structure will have intelligence, allowing it to respond to the conditions and react to the necessities. Kinetic structures allow the movement and changes.

We do not know the future. But we can imagine it and our imagination will shape the world of tomorrow. The future starts today.

Conclusion

63

Barcelona 2115

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REFERENCES# 05

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links:

www.iaacblog.com/rs1intelligentcities/2015/06/landscape-of-experience/

www.youtube.com/ watch?v=YnkvrzFB08c

http://3d.cl3ver.com/GE147

sources:

http://www.portdebarcelona.cat

Archigram: A walking City

www.atnight.ws: data mapping

www.energy-floor.pr.co

http://www.sustainabledanceclub.com/products/sustainable_energy_floor/

References

landscape of experience

Documents