l8 - type of is & dss

8/3/2019 L8 - Type of IS & DSS

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Mr. Shailendra [email protected]

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What is Information Technology? Any form of technology used by people to handle

information.

What are Information Systems? Integrated components processing, storing and

disseminating information in an organisation.

Interdisciplinary study of systems that provideinformation to users in organisations.

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Pyle, I.C. & Illingworth, V. (Eds) (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Computing, 4th Edition. Oxford / New York: Oxford

University Press


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What is Information Systems? interrelated components working together to

collect, process, store, and disseminate

information to support decision making,coordination, control, analysis, and visualization inan organization.

What are Information Systems? the foundation upon which IS are built..

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Pyle, I.C. & Illingworth, V. (Eds) (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Computing, 4th Edition. Oxford / New York: Oxford

University Press


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Support ofStrategic

Advantage

Support ofManagerial

Decision Making

Support ofBusiness Operations


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Data Processing: 1950s - Transaction processing, record keeping, traditional

accounting applications Management Reporting: 1960s -

MIS predefined management reports fordecision-making purposes Decision Support: 1970s -

DSS interactive ad hoc support of themanagerial decision-making process

Strategic and End User Support: 1980s - EUC, Executive Information Systems, Expert

Systems, Strategic Information Systems Electronic Business and E-Commerce: 1990s -


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Manufacturingand

Production

Engineering &Research

Accounting,Finance, andManagement

Suppliers and Other Business Partners

Procurement, Distribution, and Logistics

Advertising Sales Customer Service

Consumer and Business Customers

Company

Boundary

Intranets

The Internet

Extranets

Extranets

The Electronic Business


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Type of IS Input Processing Output User

Office Automationsystem

Letters andDocuments

Communication,Sophistication

Documents,Reports

Clerical

TPS / OLTP -Transaction ProcessingSystem

Day-to-day Sorting , Listing,Merging.Updating

Detailed Reports Operations staff

MIS SummaryInformation

Analysis,interpretation

Summary andException report

Middle Managers

DSS DecisionSupport System

AnalyticalData

InteractiveProcessing

Special Reports,Query Responses

Professional staffManagers

ESS ExecutiveSupport System

ExceptionalInternal +

External Data

Graphics,simulations,

Interactive

Projections,Complex, Query

responses

SeniorManagement

KS / ESKnowledge based /Expert system

Limited data Rules basedanalysis (ifthen)

DiagnosticReports

Top Management,Top Professional(Doctors)

AI Artificial IntelligentSystem

Generic Data Human analyticalaspect

ExceptionalDiagnosis /

Findings

Critical Exceptionhandlers

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Documents,Reports

Clerical







Middle Managers


AnalyticalData






External Data


Interactive


responses

SeniorManagement



DiagnosticReports





Findings


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Primary levelComprised of office automation

equipmentsLimited scope junior level

Not major significant data process soinput and output looks similar in OAS.


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Documents,Reports

Clerical







Middle Managers


AnalyticalData






External Data


Interactive


responses

SeniorManagement



DiagnosticReports





Findings


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Day-to-day business transactions

Structured framework - Repetitive businessactivity

TPS concentrates on validating, capturing andstoring the transaction data, segregating them,updating the database, generating reports, etc.

Eg. E-commerce


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Documents,Reports

Clerical







Middle Managers


AnalyticalData






External Data


Interactive


responses

SeniorManagement



DiagnosticReports





Findings


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What is DSS. Features of DSS. Benefits of DSS. Applications of DSS.

Interactive systems for DSS.


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DSS is an interactive , computer-based systemthat helps decision-makers to utilize theinformation to solve the organizational problems.

Offers support to improve the decision-makingprocess.

DSS helps manager to decide the input data,analysis tools, output, etc.

DSS offers an interactive environment for usersand helps to develop optimal decision-makingstrategy in a given situation.

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Helps in solve unstructured business problems.

DSS does not aim at any specific type of decision.

User friendly interface

Provides better ways of presenting information.(reports & Charts)

DSS offers complete control over the informationsystems

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Evaluation of a larger number of alternatives in DSS reducethe time and effort in collecting and analyzing the data fordifferent operations.

Modeling and forecasting becomes easy for managers to

get more insight into the business process using DSS. Usefulness in intra-group and inter-group communication

because it makes information possible to explain to others thathow one has arrived at a particular conclusion.

Facilities for quicker analysis of data thereby, improving thespeed of response in unexpected decision-making situation.

DSS provide in-depth analysis of data and therefore, moreeffective use of data resource to take decisions.

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DSS helps in various application areas to a large extentfor the top management support, training of managementand various decision-making situations.

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Finance :- capital budgeting- financial planning and analysis- tax planning- strategic financial planning- cash and working capital mngt- foreign exchange risk mngt- etc

Production :- cost estimation and analysis- production planning and

scheduling.- making or buy product decision- inventory planning- control of manpower- etc.


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Helps in providing the best solution to aparticular problem that can applied in theconcerned department of the organization.

Interactive system for DSS is created usingvarious query and high level programminglanguage.

Such as SQL, Visual Basic.These language prompts and help to make

commands to retrieve the information with auser-friendly interface

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SOCIOLOGY

POLITICALSCIENCE

PSYCHOLOGY

COMPUTER

SCIENCE

OPERATIONS

RESEARCH

MANAGEMENT

SCIENCE

TECHNICAL APPROACHES

MIS

BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES

Assumes that people behave rationally and focuses on creating systemswith the best technical capabilities

Main emphasis is on the political , organizational, and human elements that

impact information systems. What seems rational and technically correct may notwork due to behavioral elements in the organization.


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Q1. Brief the different types of Information Systems.

Q2. Explain DSS and give out the difference betweenDSS and MIS.

Q3. Distinguish between Expert Systems and ArtificialIntelligence.

Q4. Difference between MIS, TPS,DSS and ESS.

Q5. List the benefits of DSS.

Q6. What are the application areas of DSS.

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