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The Ethics of Intellectual Capital and Property

Topics

• Intellectual is...• Intellectual Capital• Intellectual Property

Intellectual

IntellectualAn intellectual is a person who uses intelligence (thought and reason) and critical or analytical reasoning in either a professional or a personal capacity.

Wikipedia.org: Intellectual

"Intellectual" can denote four types of persons:

1. A person involved in ideas and theories.2. A person whose profession solely involves

the production and dissemination of ideas.3. A person of notable cultural and artistic

expertise.4. A person with the creativity to "think outside

the box".

Creativity and Intelligence

Some researchers believe that creativity is the outcome of the same cognitive processes as intelligence.

The Threshold Hypothesis (Ellis Paul Torrance):There is a weaker relationship between creativity and intelligence for an IQ above 120 than for an IQ below 120.

Conventional vs. Creative Intelligence

• Conventional intelligence communicates through thoughts, concepts, opinions and ideas... Creative intelligence communicates through feelings, emotions, imaginings and intuitions.

• Conventional intelligence analyzes and critiques... Creative intelligence plays and explores.

Conventional vs. Creative Intelligence

• Conventional intelligence persuades through intellectual opinion and argument... Creative intelligence persuades through story, symbol, and song.

• Conventional intelligence consumes art, writing and music as entertainment... Creative intelligence creates art, writing and music as expression

Conventional vs. Creative Intelligence

• Conventional intelligence likes answers... Creative intelligence likes questions

• Conventional intelligence persuades through intellectual opinion and argument... Creative intelligence persuades through story, symbol, and song.

Creative Intelligence is YOU

Intellectual Capital

Intellectual capital is the asset base of a new, knowledge-based economy that is producing significant levels of equity and wealth based on the formalization of ideas, innovation, and creativity.

The concept of intellectual capital embraces the products and creations of thinking and feeling, the arts and the sciences, the professions, and the world of business insofar as they are treated as assets and leveraged for business or enterprise purposes.

Ethics and Intellectual Capital Issues

• The creation of intellectual capital assets―trademark or patent.

• The monetization of intellectual capital assets―the “min-maxing” of intellectual assets or “hidden assets” or unreported intellectual assets.

• The responsible management of intellectual capital assets―Unmanaged or poorly managed intellectual capital assets

Samsung vs. Apple Patent War

Apple said:“It’s no coincidence that Samsung’s latest products look a lot like the iPhone and iPad, from the shape to the UI and even packaging. This kind of blatant copying is wrong, and we need to protect Apple’s IP when companies steal our ideas.”

Ideas and talent will become the currency of an era of intellectual capital that will place a high premium on the ability of individuals to imagine and create.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property refers to those rights or entitlements that attach to intangibles such as artistic expressions and technological inventions.

Types of Intellectual Property

1. Copyrights2. Patents3. Trademarks

Copyrights (Hak Cipta)

• Hak cipta merupakan "hak untuk menyalin atau membatasi penggandaan suatu ciptaan".

• Hak cipta adalah hak eksklusif Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta untuk mengatur penggunaan hasil penuangan gagasan atau informasi tertentu.

UU No. 12 Th. 2002

Hak cipta adalah "hak eksklusif bagi pencipta atau penerima hak untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak ciptaannya atau memberikan izin untuk itu dengan tidak mengurangi pembatasan-pembatasan menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku“.

(pasal 1 butir 1)

Some Facts for Copyright

• Copyrights are not granted automatically. For material to be protected, it must reflect some degree of originality.

• Copyrights are not indefinite; typically expire after a predetermined period of time (typically, 50 years).

Some Facts for Copyright

• Copyrighted material is often given fair use treatment when used for educational purposes.

• Also considered are the proportion used, compared with the size of the whole, and the effect of the use on the potential market for the copyrighted material.

PatentsPatents are grants from the government giving exclusive rights to ``make, use, and sell a product for 20 years.''

Copyrights vs. Patents:Copyright protects the expression of an idea, while a patent protects the idea itself.

Trademarks• A trademark is a distinctive symbol or sign to

which commercial value is attached because of the connection between the symbolic representation and organizations, products, or services.

• The primary purpose of a trademark is to identify organizations, products, and services in the marketplace.

Unlike copyrights and patents, trademark rights do not expire within a predetermined time period.

For rights to be enforced, however, the trademark owner must continue to use the trademark.

Four reasons are generally offered to justify the protection of intellectual property rights: 1. Disclosure2. Innovation3. Product investment4. Design development

Some Ethics of Intellectual Property

• Having permission• Following the rules• Avoiding plagiarism

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