ks4 the breathing system

7/18/2019 KS4 the Breathing System

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The Breathing System

KS4 Biology


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Cartilage and the trachea

Basics of reathing

!nside an al"eol#s

Breathtaking feat#res

Bronchi and the l#ngs

Contents

S#mmary


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Oxygen (O2)

Carbon Dioxide

(CO2)

Humans breathe to ensure that oxygen enters the body

and that arbon dioxide !ea"es the body#

$he breathing system

Basics of reathing


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Let us now !ook at the struture o% the breathing system#

$he human body an be di"ided into three regions#

$he breathing system is %ound in the thorax#

T%&'()

(B*&+,-

%,(*

.arts of the ody in"ol"ed


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$he body se&arates the &roedure o% breathing in and

breathing out#

By se&arating these two &roesses' the body an onentrate

on the two tasks in turn#

The 2 reathing /rocesses

Breathinginis one

&roess and is known as

!nhalation

(hen we breathe in

we inha!e)

Breathingo#tis a se&arate

&roess and is known as

,halation

(hen we breathe out we

exha!e)


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*irst!y the breathing system must inha!eoygenand

seond!y it must exha!ecaron dioide

+t is designed to be ab!e to &er%orm both tasks

using the same organs#

One %ina! im&ortant %at to remember is that breathing anbe &er%ormed witho#thumans ha"ing to think about it#

3#st imaginethat as we!! as e"erything e!se you ha"e to

think about' you wou!d ha"e to remember to te!! your body

to inha!e' then exha!e' then inha!e' exha!e' inha!e' et#

hat if yo# forget to reathe

There wo#ld e no time for anything else


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e!!' !et us start where air enters the system

,ir enters through either the mouthor the nostri!s#

+t does not matter through whih o&ening the air enters

beause the ora! and nasa! a"ities are onneted#

mouth

nostri!nasa! a"ity

ora! a"ity

hat it looks like inside


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,s the air &asses through the nasa! a"ity' the air is

sme!t' warmed' %i!teredand moisteneds!ight!y#

$he air meets at the &harynx' a -untion at bak o% the

ora! a"ity#

$he &harynx is a -untion

between two tubes# $he air

must tra"e! down on!y one o%

these tubes# One is the

wind&i&e(trahea) and the

other is the gu!!et(oeso&hagus)#

,s the name suggests' air must &ass down through

the wind&i&e (trahea)#

trahea

gu!!et

The /haryn


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Basics of reathing

!nside an al"eol#s



Contents

S#mmary


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.ou may be wondering why they are C-shapedand not

full circles#

.ou an think o% the trahea

as a tube !ined with C/

sha&edsu&&orting rungs#

*iagram of trachea with cartilage r#ngs

$hese rings are

made o% a tough

materia! a!!ed

arti!age# $heyhe!& to ho!d the

tube o&en#

Cartilage in trachea


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,!though this wou!d sto&

the tube %rom o!!a&sing'

this wou!d a!so mean that

the tube wou!d not be ab!eto ex&and#

hen we breathe in' the

trahea mustex&and toa!!ow more air in#

e!!' i% a tube were !ined with %ixed ir!es o%

arti!age' it wou!d ha"e a %ixed diameter

arti!age

trahea

( cle"er design


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$here%ore' a C/sha&ed &iee o% arti!age an hange sha&e#

,/ansion /otential


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,s we!! as being ada&ted on its outer sur%ae' the trahea

shows ada&tations on its inner !ining#

+% we !ook !ose!y at the inner sur%ae o% the trahea

i!iated e&ithe!ia! e!!s

The trachea

trahea


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$he e!!s that !ine the wa!! o% the trahea show two

s&eia! ada&tations#

e say the e!!s show s&eia!isation#

$hese s&eia!ised e!!s ha"e a &artiu!ar -ob to do#

&rodue a stiky !iuid /

muus

tiny hairs a!!ed i!ia

Ci!iated e&ithe!ia! e!!s

Ciliated e/ithelial cells



i!iated e!!s

muus being made by the i!iated e!!s

mirobes tra"e!!ing

down the trahea

within inha!ed air

mirobes beome stuk

within the muus

$he &resene o% muus and i!ia on the !ining o%

the trahea ensures that the air we breathe is

!ean and %ree %rom disease#



One the mirobes are stuk in the muus' the i!ia mo"e

the muus u&wards using a wa%ting ation# $he muus&asses u& to the to& o% the trahea where it an either be

swa!!owedor oughed outo% the body#

swa!!owed

oughed out

,le"ator action





Basics ofreathing

!nside an al"eol#s



Contents

S#mmary



1"entua!!y the trahea

branhes' di"iding into two

sma!!er tubes a!!ed the !e%tand right ronchi#

($he singu!ar o% bronhi is

a bronhus#)

Dont %orget that in a &iture o% the

human body' right beomes !e%t and !e%t

beomes right#Chek by ho!ding u& your right hand in

a mirror# $he &erson staring bak at

you wi!! be ho!ding u& their !e%t hand#

'ight Left

trahea

bronhi

Bronchi



1ah Bronhus onnets the trahea to a !arge air

sa known as a l#ng#

.ou ha"e two bronhi and there%ore your body has

two !ungs' a !e%t and a right#

trahea

!e%t bronhi

!e%t !ung

right bronhi

right !ung

L#ngs and ronchi



+n rea!ity' the !ungs are di%%erent in sha&e#

Here is a more aurate diagram#

bronhio!e

arti!age

trahea

rightbronhus

location of the heart

*iagram of a l#ng

ight Lung

&!eura!

membrane

. l i h l i



ith air entering and !ea"ing the !ungs' they inrease and

derease in si4e on a regu!ar basis#

hen organs in the body inrease in si4e' they wi!! touh

other organs beause o% the !ak o% s&ae#

.rolems with l#ng e/ansion

$his is a danger beause !i"ing tissue is "ery de!iate andwhen tissues rub against eah other' %ritionou!d be

generated#

* f f i ti



Organ 2Organ 5

*+C$+O6

$his %rition ou!d damage the tissue and ki!! e!!s#

$here%ore' a &roteti"e bag a!!ed the/le#ral memranesurrounds the !ungs' whih are !ike!y to rub against other

organs during the breathing &roess#

*anger of friction

Th l l


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, %!uid is %ound within this bag' surrounding the !ungs#

$his %!uid !ubriates the !ining o% the !ungs and sto&s

%rition being generated#

/le#ral memrane

l#ng

fl#id

The /le#ral memrane

B hi hi



bronhi

these sma!!er branhes are

known as bronhio!es

1ah bronhus now starts branhing

to &rodue sma!!er and sma!!er tubes#

One bronhus gi"es rise to many bronhio!es# $he o"era!!e%%et is simi!ar to the branhing o% a tree %rom a entra! trunk#

$his branhing o% the bronhi ours within both !ungs#

Branching ronchi

Th t th t th t k



Down the trachea

$hrough eah

ronch#s

,nd through a!! the

ronchioleswithin

eah !ung

B7$ H,$

H,88169 61:$;

,!ways remember

that the CO2

is

mo"ing in the

o&&osite diretion #ttons


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Click on the (ir *rawn !n #ttons

Click on the =.assage of air> #ttons


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Click on the .assage of air #ttons

+atch the f#nction with the ody /art


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ord /lay


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,nswer the %o!!owing uestions#

Be are%u!' the s&e!!ing is essentia!>>>>>>>;

3# hat is the name o% one branh o% the trahea;

?# $he name %or the tubes that branh %rom the trahea

are known as >>>>>>>>>>>;

ord /lay

The l#ngs ha"e to mo"e?


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hen we breathe in' our !ungs %i!! with air#

+denti%y two ways our breathing system reates

more room in the thorax %or these in%!ated !ungs#

The l#ngs ha"e to mo"e?

Contents


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Basics of reathing

!nside an al"eol#s



Contents

S#mmary

+#lti/le choice section


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/

Breathing in or o#t


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g


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hich of the following ada/tations make the echange

of gases across the l#ng s#rface effecti"e@

, %ew' !arge a!"eo!i with a massi"e sur%ae area' a dry inner

sur%ae and !ose &roximity to an extensi"e a&i!!ary

network#

B many' !arge a!"eo!i with a massi"e sur%ae area' a moistinner sur%ae and !ose &roximity to an extensi"e

a&i!!ary network#

C many' tiny a!"eo!i with a massi"e sur%ae area' a moist

inner sur%ae and !ose &roximity to an extensi"ea&i!!ary network#

D %ew' tiny a!"eo!i with a sma!! sur%ae area' a dry inner

sur%ae and !ose &roximity to an extensi"e a&i!!ary

network#

ordsearch


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ks4 the breathing system

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