kostegids | cost guide 2017/18 - shop - vinpro · pdf fileb • vinpro kostegids / cost...

KOSTEGIDS | COST GUIDE

2017/18

B • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 1

’n Spesiale woord van dank aan ons borge wat die druk van hierdie Kostegids, asook die gratis verspreiding daarvan aan alle VinPro-lede en

rolspelers in die wynbedryf moontlik maak.

A special word of thanks to our sponsors without whom this Cost Guide could not have been published or distributed for free to all VinPro

members and role-players in the wine industry.

Orchard Suppliers • Netafim • Boshoff Visser • Santam Hauptfleisch Grondverskuiwing • InteliGro / Villa Crop

Samestelling / CompositionAndries van Zyl & Pieter van NiekerkVinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste / VinPro Agricultural Economic Services

Kantoor: 021 276 0429Sel: 073 280 8703 / 083 561 9465

[email protected] / [email protected]

VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 3

INHOUD / CONTENTS

Voorwoord / Foreword ................................................................................................................ 5

Doel / Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 5

Wynbedryfoorsig / Wine Industry Overview .................................................................................................. 7

Koste van wyndruifproduksie (2016-oes) / Cost of wine grape production (2016 harvest) .................................................... 14

Kostestruktuur van top presteerders / Cost structure of top achievers ..................................................................................... 26

Teikeninkomste (2016-oes) / Target income (2016 harvest) ......................................................................................... 31

Oesversekering / Harvest Insurance ........................................................................................................... 34

Arbeidsriglyne / Labour guidelines ........................................................................................................... 37

Vestigingskoste / Establishment cost ......................................................................................................... 40

Koste van meganisasie / Cost of mechanisation ................................................................................................... 54

Kelders / Cellars ............................................................................................................................. 62

VinPro kontakbesonderhede / VinPro contact details ............................. Agterblad / Back page

Die samestellers van die VinPro Kostegids het deurgaans te goeder trou opgetree. Enige besluit voortspruitend, of aksie gebaseer op die inligting soos vervat in die gids, word op eie risiko gedoen. Nie die samestellers of VinPro kan verantwoordelik gehou word vir enige finansiële verlies weens so ’n besluit of aksie nie, terwyl enige finansiële wins slegs tot die voordeel van die gebruiker daarvan is.

The VinPro Cost Guide was compiled in good faith. Any decision taken as a result of, or actions based on information contained in the guide is solely at the user’s own risk. Neither the compilers nor VinPro are accountable for any financial loss due to such decisions or actions, while any financial gain derived from it is solely to the benefit of the users thereof.

Vrywaring / Indemnity


VOORWOORD / FOREWORDIn die strewe na ’n volhoubare en deelnemende wynprodusentegemeenskap bly die VinPro Land-bou-ekonomiese Diens verbind tot effek tiewe en waardetoegevoegde ekonomiese diens lewering aan VinPro se lede en ander rolspelers in die bedryf.

Die Suid-Afrikaanse wyndruifprodusent is die afgelope paar jaar blootgestel aan stygende insetkostes en dalende winsmarges, wat daar-toe lei dat die produsent se winsgewendheid onder geweldige druk verkeer. Met hierdie in ag geneem, openbaar die VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste jaarliks kritiese finansiële aanwysers wat regdeur die wynbedryf erken en gebruik word as ’n betroubare maatstaf. ’n Uit-vloeisel daarvan is die samestelling van hierdie meer gedetailleerde Kostegids – wat jaarliks in Mei opgedateer en beskikbaar gestel word – ter verdere ondersteuning van die produsent.

VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste• Lewensvatbaarheidstudies, koste- en wins -

gewendheidsanalises, asook skade bepalings.

• Koördinering van finansiële studiegroepe/Produksieplan – finansiële geheelplaas- en bedryfstak-analises op plaasvlak.

• Ekonomiese en bedryfsverwante artikels en aanbiedings.

• Versameling en verspreiding van verteen-woordigende landbou-ekonomiese bedryfs-inligting.

In the quest towards a sustainable and par-ticipating wine producer community, VinPro Agricultural Economic Services are committed to providing effective and value-added economic services to all members of VinPro, as well as other role players in the industry.

The South African wine producer’s profitability has been under enormous pressure over the past few years due to rising input costs, as well as low and decreasing profit margins. With this in mind, VinPro Agricultural Economic Services annually reveal financial indicators that are ac-cepted and used throughout the wine industry as a trusted benchmark. As an extension of its support to producers, VinPro compiled this more detailed Cost Guide, which is updated annually and available in May.

VinPro Agricultural Economic Services• Feasibility studies, cost- and profitability

analyses, as well as damage assessments.

• Coordinating financial study groups/Produc-tion Plan – financial analyses of total farm or operational enterprise.

• Economic and industry-related articles and presentations.

• Collecting and distributing relevant financial industry information.

Die hoofdoel van hierdie Kostegids is om sekere noodsaaklike ekonomiese aspekte in ’n eenvoudige formaat te verpak wat as hulp-middel kan dien vir die opstel van begrotings deur wyndruifprodusente. Weens dramatiese prysskommelinge is dit baie moeilik om sin-vol en akkuraat te begroot en kan hierdie gids as riglyn daarvoor aangewend word.

The main purpose of this guide is to provide wine grape producers with specific finan-cial indicators to assist them in compiling a budget. Due to the fact that prices vary dramatically, it is difficult to compile a budget that is both meaningful and accurate. This guide is a useful aid in compiling a more accurate budget.

Doel / Purpose


WYNBEDRYFOORSIG

WINE INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Santam is an authorised financial services provider (licence number 3416).

A modern farmer faces many challenges and takes on different roles to overcome them. You’re responsible for your farm, your workers, your assets, your home and your family. At Santam we understand just

how much a farmer does. That’s why we take an in-depth, scientific approach to protecting your crops and assets on and off the farm. Because we believe you deserve one-of-a-kind insurance.

For more information, call your broker or visit www.santam.co.za/products/agriculture.Santam. Insurance good and proper.

TODAY’S FARMERS KNOW MORE THAN JUST FARMING.

KIN

GJA

MES

346

46

36522_Agri Citrus Farmer Print Ad_210x148.indd 1 2016/05/05 10:25 AM

8 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 9

VINPRO OORSIG / VINPRO OVERVIEWVinPro is die diensorganisasie vir nagenoeg 3 500 Suid-Afrikaanse wynprodusente en kelders en verteenwoordig hulle in gesprekke

met die regering en op relevante wynbedryf forums.

VinPro is the service organisation for close to 3 500 South African wine producers and cellars and represents them in discussions with

Government and on relevant wine industry forums.

Grondkunde & GISSoil science & GIS

Vititec (Edms) BpkPlantmateriaal / Plant material

Wingerdkunde Viticulture

Transformasie & OntwikkelingTransformation & Development

Wynkelders Wine Cellars

Landbou-ekonomie Agricultural economics

INCORPORATING WINETECH TEGNIES INGELYF 1931 - 2017 | 86 YEARS

JANUARY 2017

RSA R43,00 INCL VAT

9 7 7 0 0 4 3 9 6 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2

NUWE LEIERSKAP BY VINPRO

ROMANCING CHARDONNAY

A FRENCH AFFAIR IN AFRICA

A WINE LABEL IS A PROMISE

WHAT’S IN A LABEL?

Takseer jy wyn op sy

baadjie?

corkCONFIDENCE IN EVERY

Packagingi ss u e

z

CORK SUPPLY SOUTH AFRICA

Kommunikasie/WineLand Communication/WineLand

FarmMS (Edms) BpkBestuurstelsels / Management Systems

Tegnologie-oordrag Technology transfer

Verteenwoordiging Representation

VinPro StigtingSosiale ontwikkeling befondsing

VinPro Foundation Social development funding

VinPro CapitalFinansiering van transformasie

Financing transformation

BEDRYFORGANOGRAM / INDUSTRY ORGANOGRAMDie wyn- en brandewynbedryf word deur twee hoof organisasies verteenwoordig:

The wine and brandy industry is represented by two main organisations:

VinPro en Salba word op die rade van drie wynbedryf besigheidseenhede verteenwoordig:

These organisations are also represented on three business units:

Hierdie organisasies dien saam met ander belangegroepe op: These organisations serve with other interest groups on the:

TRANSFORMASIE KOMITEE / TRANSFORMATION COMMITTEEKoördineer die aanwending van statutêre heffings vir transformasieprojekte.

Co-ordinates application of statutory levies for transformation.

3 000 lede / 3 000 membersWyndruifprodusente,

wynprodusente, landgoedere, produsentekelders.

Wine grape producers, wine producers, estates,

producer cellars.

22 lede / 22 membersVervaardigers/verspreiders

& handels merkeienaars, insluitend Distell & KWV.

Manufacturers/distributors & trade mark owners,

including Distell & KWV.

Uitvoere-promotor. Bou generiese besigheidskapasiteit. Export promotor, builds generic business capacity.

Versamel, en versprei wynbedryf-statistieke en bestuur die Wyn van Oorsprong Skema. Statistics and Wine of Origin Scheme.

Koördineer navorsing & tegnologie-oordrag in die wynbedryf. Research & technology transfer.


Wingerdoppervlak in SA verbou (uitgesluit Tafeldruiwe)Area under vines (excluding table grape)

103 478 ha

Wyndruif-kultivarsWine Grape varieties

95 775 ha

Primêre wyndruiweprodusentePrimary wine grape producers

3,145

Produserende keldersProducing cellars

598

Werkgeleenthede in die wynbedryfEmployment opportunities in the wine industry

289,151

Indiensneming op wynplase en in keldersEmployment on wine farms and in cellars

61 435

Stokkies onder verbouing (vinifera variëteite)Vines under cultivation (Vinifera varieties)

284

Ton geoesTons harvested

1 405 401

Liters geoesLiters harvested

1 089 m

Gebruik word vir die produksie van wynUsed for production of wine

83%

Liter wyn verbruik in die binnelandse markLiters of wine consumed in domestic market

436.9 m

Liters uitgevoerLiters exported

428.5 m

% totale SA wyn word uitgevoer% of SA wine exported

48%

SA as % van die wêreld se wingerdeSA as % of world vineyards

1.6%

Posisie in die wêreld (oppervlakte onder wingerd)Size ranking in the world (area under vines)

14th

Posisie in die wêreld (aantal Liter)Ranking in the world (volume of wine produced)

7th

SA-gedeelte van die wêreld se wynproduksieSA contribution to the world’s wine production

4%

SA as % van die wêreld se uitvoerwynSA contribution to world wine exports (%)

4.1%

SA per capita wynverbruikSA per capita wine consumption

7.8 litres

Jaarlikse impak van die SA-wynbedryf op BBPAnnual impact of the SA wine industry on GDP = 1.2%

R 36.1 b

Primêre wynprodusente se inkomstePrimary wine producers income

R5.03 b

Staatsinkomste van BTW en aksyns op wynbedryfprodukteState income from VAT and excise on wine industry products

R6.23 b

SA Wynbedryf Statistieke / SA Wine Industry Statistics

Met vergunning van Sawis / Courtesy of Sawis.

WINE INDUSTRY STRATEGIC EXERCISE

STATE OF THE INDUSTRY

STOCK LEVELS

Projected stock levels end 2017 lowest in 5 years!

2015BASELINE

80,000 ton surplus

TARGET2025

EquilibriumPossible shortages

ACTUAL2016

WINE TOURISM

Full Implementation 2017

2015BASELINE

R6 bn

TARGET2025

R15 bnIn progress

ACTUAL2016

TRANSFORMATION: LAND & WATER

KEY INITIATIVES: Project with 35 Black Owned BrandsContinued support to 52 BEE projects • L&D desk implementation 2017

2015BASELINE

1,5%

TARGET2025

20%2,0%

ACTUAL2016

KEY STATISTICS:Producers: 3 139 (-93) • Area: 96,753 (-1 843)

RETURN ON INVESTMENT

2015BASELINE

2%

TARGET2025

CPI + 5%<1%

ACTUAL2016

Bulk: 259 m l ( 7%) = R1,9 bn (6%)Packaged: 169 m l (-3%) = R7,0 bn (11%)Total: 428 m l ( 3%) = R8,9 bn (10%)

BULK: PACKAGED RATIO

2015BASELINE

60:40

TARGET2025

40:6061:39

ACTUAL2016

DOMESTIC MARKET

NETT 2 YEAR VOLUME GROWTH: ± 50 MILLION LITREBag in box ± 50 m litre Glass 0 m litrePlastic - 4 m litre Tetra + 4 m litre

2015BASELINE

350 m litre

TARGET2025

450 m litre400 m litreESTIMATE

ACTUAL2016

Value/Total Export Value = 20%!

NEW MARKETS: (USA, CHINA, AFRICA)

2015BASELINE

10%

TARGET2025

25%11%

ACTUAL2016

STRENGTHEN THE CORE!!

ETHICAL ACCREDITED VOLUME

2015BASELINE

20%

TARGET2025

100%48%

ACTUAL2016

VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 1312 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE

Cape SouthCoast

2 657 ha

Swartland12 939 ha

Paarl15 279 ha

Stellenbosch15 339 ha

Worcester6 618 ha

Breedekloof12 893 ha

OlifantsRiver

10 018 ha

LittleKaroo

2 443 ha

Robertson13 227 ha

Vredendal

Piketberg

Clanwilliam

Citrusdal

Malmesbury

Paarl

Stellenbosch

Tulbagh

Worcester

Robertson

Laingsburg

Montagu

LadismithCalitzdorp

PrinceAlbert

Oudtshoorn

George

Uniondale

Caledon

Hermanus

Swellendam

Bredasdorp

L`Agulhas

Riversdale

PlettenbergBay

MosselBay

Wellington

Franschhoek

CapeTown

Date created: 2017/05/02Time created: 3:07:23 PMSAWIS Statistical Regions Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984

Datum: WGS 1984Map compiled by: Heinrich SchlomsSAWIS statistiekstrekePhone: 083 480 2686 / 021 276 0432www.vinpro.co.za

Document Path: C:\Projekte\Afbakenings\KWV_streke\KWV Streke.mxd

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 16010Kilometers

NorthernCape

4 360 ha

Production per Region (Total tons: 1 425 283)

Breedekloof: 252 278 ton

Cape South Coast:

Little Karoo: 41 047 ton

Northern Cape: 124 445 ton

Olifants River: 223 218 ton

Paarl: 137 438 ton

Robertson: 248 485 ton

Stellenbosch: 111 017 ton

Swartland: 113 730 ton

Worcester: 173 624 tonTotal winegrape hectares: 95 775 ha

Cape SouthCoast

2 657 ha

Swartland12 939 ha

Paarl15 279 ha

Stellenbosch15 339 ha

Worcester6 618 ha

Breedekloof12 893 ha

OlifantsRiver

10 018 ha

LittleKaroo

2 443 ha

Robertson13 227 ha

Vredendal

Piketberg

Clanwilliam

Citrusdal

Malmesbury

Paarl

Stellenbosch

Tulbagh

Worcester

Robertson

Laingsburg

Montagu

LadismithCalitzdorp

PrinceAlbert

Oudtshoorn

George

Uniondale

Caledon

Hermanus

Swellendam

Bredasdorp

L`Agulhas

Riversdale

PlettenbergBay

MosselBay

Wellington

Franschhoek

CapeTown

Date created: 2017/05/02Time created: 3:07:23 PMSAWIS Statistical Regions Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984

Datum: WGS 1984Map compiled by: Heinrich SchlomsSAWIS statistiekstrekePhone: 083 480 2686 / 021 276 0432www.vinpro.co.za

Document Path: C:\Projekte\Afbakenings\KWV_streke\KWV Streke.mxd

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 16010Kilometers

NorthernCape

4 360 ha

Production per Region (Total tons: 1 425 283)

Breedekloof: 252 278 ton

Cape South Coast:

Little Karoo: 41 047 ton

Northern Cape: 124 445 ton

Olifants River: 223 218 ton

Paarl: 137 438 ton

Robertson: 248 485 ton

Stellenbosch: 111 017 ton

Swartland: 113 730 ton

Worcester: 173 624 tonTotal winegrape hectares: 95 775 ha

SAWIS Statistical RegionsMap compiled by: Heinrich Schloms

SAWIS statistiekstrekePhone: 083 480 2686 / 021 276 0432

www.vinpro.co.za


KOSTE VAN WYNDRUIFPRODUKSIE (2016-OES) / COST OF WINE GRAPE PRODUCTION (2016 HARVEST)

Die 2016 rekord-oes en die impak op primêre wyndruifprodusente

se finansiële volhoubaarheid

Inleiding / Introduction

KOSTE VAN WYNDRUIFPRODUKSIE

COST OF WINE GRAPE PRODUCTION

VinPro Landbou-Ekonomiese Dienste het in 2016 met die ondersteuning van Winetech, die Nasionale Landboubemarkingsraad (NLBR), Standard Bank, Absa, Land Bank, ENB, Nedbank en Capital Harvest diepte-ontledings in al nege wyndistrikte uitgevoer. Die primêre doel is om die produksie- en koste-struktuur en winsgewendheid per distrik te bepaal en sodoende die finansiële welstand van die produsente vas te stel.

Altesaam 235 boerdery-eenhede uit nege wyndistrikte het aan die 2016 Produksieplan-opname deelgeneem. Die steekproef het in 2016 uit 22 790 ha (23% van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse wingerdstand in 2015) bestaan. Hier-die 22 790 ha het 400 285 ton gelewer (29% van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse oes in 2016). Hiervan was 64% wit- en 36% rooiwyndruiwe en 66% van die tonne is meganies gepars.

Die ontleding hanteer die wingerdvertakking in geheel (draende en nie-draende hektare) en daar word nie onderskeid tussen kultivars en sekere blokke tydens die koste-ontleding getref nie. Die groter meerderheid van die deelnemers is gediversifiseerd en verskil ten opsigte van plaas-grootte. Die verslag verteenwoordig bedryfs-gemiddelde syfers, wat bereken word deur die geweegde gemiddelde van al die deelnemers te bepaal. Die Malmesbury-distrik word deurgaans afsonderlik geëvalueer en maak nie deel van die bedryfsgemiddelde syfers uit nie, aangesien dié studiegroep ’n groot komponent droëland-wingerd verbou wat ’n alternatiewe produksie-, koste- en kapitaalstruktuur vereis.

VinPro’s Agricultural Economic Division con-tinues to play a pivotal role within the wine industry, and 2016 saw yet another year of wide-ranging analysis across the nine wine dis-tricts. The project is supported by Winetech, the National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC), Standard Bank, Absa, Land Bank, FNB, Nedbank and Capital Harvest. The primary objective is still to determine the production structure, cost structure and profitability per district, so as to determine the financial interest of the producers.

Altogether 235 farming units from all nine wine districts participated in the 2016 Production Plan survey. In 2016 the sample consisted of 22 790 ha (23% of the total South African area planted to wine grapes in 2015, producing 351 818 tons (25% of the total South African crop in 2016). Of these 62% and 38% were white and red wine grapes respectively. Mechanical harvesting continues to see an increasing trend, about 66% of the tonnages were harvested mechanically compared to 59% the previous year.

The evaluations are not cultivar and/or block specific – it applies to vineyard enterprises as a whole (bearing and non-bearing). The large number of participants evaluated differ in re-spect to farm size and are diversified in their respective enterprises. The Malmesbury district is evaluated separately throughout and does not form part of the industry average figures, in view of the fact that this study group cultivates a large component of dryland vineyards, which require an alternative production, cost and capital structure.


Die jaarlikse koste wat aangegaan is om die 2016-oes voor te berei, het uit kontantuit- ga wes en voorsiening vir vervanging bestaan – belasting, renteverpligtinge en ondernemers-loon uitgesluit. Die bedryfsgemiddelde totale produksie koste (Malmesbury uitgesluit) het sedert 2015 met 7% na R44 390/ha in 2016 toegeneem.

The annual cost incurred to prepare the 2016 crop comprised cash expenditure and provision for replacement, excluding all tax, interest and entrepreneurial remuneration. Compared to 2015 the industry average total production cost (excluding Malmesbury) increased by 7% to R44 390/ha in 2016.

Die koste van wyndruifproduksie / The cost of wine grape production

Cash expenditure is specified as direct cost, labour, mechanisation, fixed improvements and general expenses. Total cash expenditure indi-cates a 7% increase from 2015 to R34 047/ha in the 2016 production year.

The increase is driven mainly by the labour com-ponent which continued to increase more rapidly than some of the other cost elements. This con-tributed to the increased mechanisation compo-nent, including an increase in alternative practices such as mechanical pruning. A second factor that impacted negatively on the cost increase was the weak rand in 2016, compared to 2015. This carries great weight because a large com-ponent of our inputs is imported. Record crops in some regions also contributed to the average cost increase, seeing that increased inputs are required. The cost component differs among the various areas due to the level of mechanisation and climatic differences, for example drought. Stringent cost management, with a balance between wine style objective and input require-ment for each block, remains critical in cycles of sub-inflationary increases in income. Once again agricultural inflation was higher than the average South African inflation.

Kontantuitgawes word as direkte koste, arbeid, meganisasie, vaste verbeteringe en algemene uitgawes gespesifiseer. Totale kontantuitgawes toon ’n 7% styging sedert 2015 tot R34 047/ha in die 2016-oesjaar.

Hierdie verhoging word hoofsaaklik deur arbeid aangevuur wat steeds vinniger gegroei het as van die ander koste-elemente. Dit het bygedra tot die verhoogde komponent wyndruiwe wat meganies gepars word, asook al hoe meer van die ander praktyke. ’n Tweede faktor wat nadelig bygedra het tot die kostestyging, was die swak rand in 2016 vergeleke met 2015. Laasgenoemde dra groot gewig, omdat ’n groot komponent van ons insette, ingevoer word. Rekordproduksies in sekere streke het verder bygedra tot die gemid-delde kostestyging weens verhoogde insette wat verlang word. Afhangend van die mate van meganisering en klimaatsverskille, byvoorbeeld droogte, verskil die kostesamestelling tussen sekere gebiede. Noukeurige kostebestuur, met die balans tussen wyndoelwit en insetbehoef-te per blok, bly krities in siklusse van minder as inflasie-inkomstestygings. Landbou-inflasie was weereens hoër as die gemiddelde Suid-Afrikaanse inflasie.

Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure

Totale kontantuitgawes / Total cash expenditure Totale voorsiening vir vervanging / Total provision for renewal

Totale produksiekoste / Total production cost

Totale produksiekoste / Total production costR50 000

R45 000

R40 000

R35 000

R30 000

R25 000

R20 000

R15 000

R10 000

R5 000

R02007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

R/h

a

20162015

R44 390

R34

047

R10

344

R41 635

R31

944

R9

691

R38 674

R29

235

R9

439

R35 739

R26

659

R9

080

R32 417

R23

812

R8

605

R30 581

R22

442

R8

139

R28 585

R20

648

R7

937

R26 580

R19

039

R7

541

R23 578

R16

702

R6

876

R22 125

R16

017

R6

108

Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure Bedryf / Industry

R16 017 R16 702

R19 039R20 648

R22 442R23 812

R26 659

R29 235

R31 944

R34 047

R40 000

R35 000

R30 000

R25 000

R20 000

R15 000

R10 000

R5 000

0

R/h

a

20162007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

R10 528R11 041 R10 550

R10 407R8 980

R9 919R12 127

R9 492

R10 344

R8 345

R38 876 R31 654 R33 168 R29 957 R28 694 R40 180 R33 902 R39 623 R34 047 R20 844

Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal

Totale produksiekoste per distrik 2016 / Total production cost per district 2016

R60 000

R50 000

R40 000

R30 000

R20 000

R10 000

0

R/h

a


Herstel, onderdele & reparasies (los bates) / Repair, parts & maintenance (moveable assets) Brandstof / Fuel

Elektrisiteit / Electricity Waterbelasting / Water tax Administrasie / Administration

R10 000

R9 000

R8 000

R7 000

R6 000

R5 000

R4 000

R3 000

R2 000

R1 000

0

R/h

a

R1 547 R1 589R1 719

R2 137 R2 132R2 246 R2 325

R2 755R3 134

R3 342 R3 219

R4 185 R4 219 R4 097R4 459

R4 920R5 272

R5 616R6 076

R6 828

R7 860

R9 051Arbeid / LabourBedryf / Industry

Onkruid / HerbicidePlaag- en siektebeheer / Pesticide controlKunsmis / Fertiliser

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

R/h

aR3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

0

R344 R370 R424R549 R544 R592 R548 R589

R788

R929 R957

R756R875

R1 012

R1 176 R1 144 R1 257

R1 506

R1 758R1 655 R1 639

R1 839

R2 230

R2 428 R2 388

R1 172R1 327

R1 382

R1 570

R1 831

R1 981R2 061

R2 273

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

R/h

a

R1 106

R1 252

R1 464

R1 639R1 533

R1 726

R2 040

R2 358

R2 613R2 646

R2 592

R1 468R1 517

R1 586

R1 842

R1 983

R2 243R2 136

R2 352

R2 594

R2 949

R3 177R3 500

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

R0

R/h

a

Algemene uitgawes / General expenditureBedryf / Industry

R647

R803

R1 019 R1 043R1 119 R1 072

R2 796

R2 498

R2 302R2 287

R1 664

R1 541R1 427R1 421

R1 254R1 176

R1 131

R1 339

R1 768

R2 063

R655 R652

R1 099R1 034

R926R971R931R846

R720R681

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

R0

Permanente arbeid / Permanent labour Seisoensarbeid & kontrakteurs / Seasonal labour & contractors

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201620162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Meganisasie / MechanisationBedryf / Industry

Direkte koste / Direct cost Bedryf / Industry


Met die berekening voorsiening vir vervanging word items oor verskillende termyne teen die vervangingswaarde as volg afgeskryf:

Geboue 60 jaar

Wingerde 20 jaar

Los bates / produksiemiddele 7 - 15 jaar

When calculating provision for renewal, items are written off at renewal value over different periods:

Buildings 60 years

Grapevines 20 years

Moveable assets / means of production 7 - 15 years

Totale voorsiening vir vervanging het in die 2016-oesjaar R10 344/ha beloop – ’n styging van 7% sedert 2015.

Total provision for renewal amounted to R10 344/ha in the 2016 production year – a 7% increase from 2015.

Die totale produksiekoste per hektaar, wat sedert 2015 met 7% gestyg het, het daartoe gelei dat die gelykbreek in terme van rand per ton van R2 382/ton tot R2 527/ton in 2016 toegeneem het. Anders gestel: Die eerste R2 527 wat die pro-dusent gedurende die 2016-oes vir ’n ton druiwe ontvang het, behoort vir totale produksiekoste aangewend te word. Geen ondernemersloon, rente of belasting is in berekening gebring nie.

Total production cost per hectare, which in-creased by 7% from 2015, caused the break-even in terms of rand per ton to increase from R2 382/ton to R2 527/ton in 2016. In other words: the first R2 527 for a ton of grapes received by the producer during the 2016 har-vest, should be applied for total production cost – no entrepreneurial remuneration, interest or tax has been taken into account yet.

Gelykbreek / Break-even

Produksiekoste word nie net tot kontantuit-gawes beperk nie, maar kapitale items moet ook oor tyd vervang word om die besigheid in stand te hou en dit verg ’n volhoubare besigheids-model. Trekkers, gereedskap, ander produksie-middele, wingerde en geboue word ouer en moet vervang word, dus moet die aankoop-waarde van die item oor ’n spesifieke leeftyd verhaal word. Deur die beginsel “voorsiening vir vervanging” te gebruik word ’n groter bedrag as in die geval van depresiasie verhaal. Dit spreek die probleem van reglynige waardevermindering tot ’n mate aan.

Production cost is not restricted to cash expen-diture, capital items also have to be replaced in due course so as to maintain the business as a running concern and ensure a sustainable business model. Tractors, tools, other means of production, vineyards and buildings deteriorate and have to be renewed, therefore the purchase value of the item has to be recovered over a specific lifetime. By using the principle “provi-sion for renewal” a larger amount is recovered than in the case of depreciation. To a certain extent this addresses the problem of rectilinear depreciation.

Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%20162007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Samestelling van jaarlikse kontantuitgawes / Composition of annual cash expenditureBedryf / Industry

Direkte koste / Direct cost Arbeid / Labour

Meganisasie / Mechanisation Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements

Algemene uitgawes / General expenditure

17%

4%

20%

42%

18%

17%

4%

20%

42%

18%

17%

3%

20%

41%

18%

19%

3%

21%

40%

18%

19%

3%

20%

40%

17%

18%

3%

21%

41%

18%

16%

4%

20%

41%

19%

15%

4%

21%

42%

18%

16%

4%

21%

42%

17%

17%

4%

15%

43%

20%

R6 107R6 876

R7 541 R7 937 R8 139R8 605 R9 080 R9 439 R9 691

Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal Bedryf / Industry

R12 000

R10 000

R8 000

R6 000

R4 000

R2 000

0

R/h

a

R10 347

20162007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Vervangingswaarde van kapitaalstruktuur / Replacement value of capital structureBedryf / Industry

2007 - 2016250 000

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000

0

Wingerde / Vineyards Vaste verbeterings (geboue) / Fixed improvements (buildings)

Losgoed (produksiemiddele) / Moveable assets

(production means)

Totaal (grond uitgesluit) / Total (land excluded)

R62

507

R11

4 19

3

R34

594 R61

101

R23

924

R42

906

R12

1 02

5

R21

8 20

0

R/h

a

22 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE

Die gemiddelde opbrengste verskil noemens-waardig tussen die distrikte, asook tussen die verskillende kultivars, terwyl die produksiekoste nie noemenswaardig verskil nie. Dit gee aanlei-ding tot groot verskille in die gelykbreekprys ten opsigte van totale produksiekoste in die onder-skeie distrikte en tussen die verskillende kultivars.

The average yields differ considerably among the districts, as well as among the various cultivars, while the production cost does not differ to the same extent. This gives rise to large differences in break-even price in terms of total production cost in the respective district and among the various cultivars.

Koste-effektiewe, omvattende gewasbeskerming, nou gerugsteun deur internasionale kundigheid en ondersteuning aan die Suid-Afrikaanse mark.

Villa Crop Protection het in ‘n nuwe vennootskap met Land O’Lakes, Inc., ‘n Fortune 250-maatskappy van die VSA getree. Land O’Lakes se gewasinsetbesigheid, Winfield United, sal deur middel van hul personeel en produkte, kundigheid en ondersteuning aan bestaande plaaslike bedrywe bring.

Onkruiddoders

Swamdoders

Insekdoders

Byvoegmiddels

Plantgroeireguleerders

Blaarvoedingsmiddels

Tel: +27 21 873 6892

www.villacrop.co.za

Yielding a better tomorrow.

• Gewasbeskerming oplossings en kundigheid

• Gespesialiseerde doelgerigte plantvoedingoplossings

• Ondersteunende tegnologie

• Biologiese oplossings

www.intelichem.co.za • [email protected] • Tel: +27 21 873 6177

Voorsiener van gewasoplossings aan die Landbou-industrie

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

Villa Inteligro Ad.pdf 1 2017/03/23 12:47 PM

Ton/

ha

Ran

d/t

on

20162007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Invloed van produksie op gelykbreek / Influence of production on break-even Bedryf / Industry

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Ton/

ha

R7 000

R6 000

R5 000

R4 000

R3 000

R2 000

R1 000

0

Ran

d/t

on

Paa

rl

Wor

cest

er

Rob

erts

on

Kle

in K

aroo

Ste

llenb

osch

Olif

ants

Riv

(i)er

Ora

nge

Riv

(i)er

Bed

ryfs

gem

idd

eld

/ In

dus

try

aver

age

Mal

mes

bur

y

Bre

edek

loof

Invloed van produksie op gelykbreek per distrik (2016) Influence of production on break-even per district (2016)

Opbrengs / Yield (Ton/ha) Produksiekoste / Production cost (R/ton)

Gemiddelde opbrengs / Average yield Gelykbreek / Break-even (Rand/ton)

28

23

18

13

8

3

-2

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

0

1 44616

,31

1 709

15,5

5

1 941

14,7

3

2 028

15,0

8

1 910

16,9

8

2 042

17,5

0

2 186

17,6

9

2 382

17,4

8

2 527

17,5

6

1 420

15,5

8

10,7

7

3 498

25,2

3

1 600

2 229

19,6

1

2 014

21,2

2 289

20,2

7

5 752

8,71

23,8

3

1 9321 589

30,9

17,5

6

2 527

4 158

7,02


# Ingesluit: Voorsorgfonds, WVF, medies, beskermde klere, klerasie, bonusse, rantsoene, ongevalle / vergoeding kommisaris, ens.# Included: Provident fund, UIF, medical, protected clothes, clothing, bonus, ration, workman’s compensation comission, etc.

* Ingesluit: Bankkoste, ouditeursgelde, lidmaatskappe, sekuriteit, rekenaaronderhoud, professionele dienste, kursusse / opleiding, posgeld, telefoon, skryfbehoeftes, besproeiingsmonitering en diverse uitgawes.

* Included: Banking costs, bookkeeping fees, membership fees, security, computer maintenance, professional fees, training / courses, postage, telephone, stationary, irrigation monitoring and sundries.

PRODUKSIEKOSTE VIR WYNDRUIWE - KOSTE AS RAND PER HEKTAAR (2016-OES)PROUDUCTION COST FOR WINE GRAPES - COST AS RAND PER HECTARE (2016 HARVEST)

DISTRIK / DISTRICT Stellenbosch Paarl Robertson Breedekloof Olifants Riv(i)er Worcester Orange Riv(i)er Klein Karoo Bedryf/Industry Malmesbury

KOSTE STRUKTUUR / COST STRUCTURE Rand / Ha

DIREKTE KOSTE / DIRECT COST 5 846 4 617 7 024 6 585 5 281 7 507 4 253 6 248 5 959 3 338

SAAD / SEED 302 110 258 112 8 150 272 7 168 185

KUNSMIS / FERTILIZER 986 1 238 2 308 1 813 2 606 2 597 1 864 2 213 1 827 573

ORGANIESE BEMESTING / ORGANIC MATERIAL 46 41 99 956 404 244 180 501 278 20

PLAAG- EN SIEKTEBEHEER / PESTICIDE CONTROL 3 216 1 941 2 709 2 441 1 447 2 873 968 2 613 2 388 1 753

ONKRUIDBEHEER / HERBICIDE CONTROL 817 973 1 378 962 472 1 234 853 547 957 713

HERSTEL- EN BINDMATERIAAL / REPAIR AND BINDING MATERIAL 479 314 271 302 344 409 115 366 340 94

ARBEID/ LABOUR # 19 741 13 419 12 182 12 160 11 396 12 661 21 947 9 668 14 231 9 281

TOESIG EN BESTUURSHULP / SUPERVISION 2 338 1 638 1 747 2 446 1 589 2 132 2 268 664 1 960 1 113

PERMANENTE ARBEID / PERMANENT LABOUR 11 930 7 992 7 870 8 317 8 379 9 419 9 870 7 911 9 051 4 958

SEISOENSARBEID & KONTRAKTEURS / SEASONAL & CONTRACT WORKERS 5 472 3 789 2 565 1 396 1 428 1 110 9 810 1 092 3 219 3 211

MEGANISASIE / MECHANISATION 7 451 5 252 7 317 5 924 7 834 7 374 6 974 5 791 6 752 5 120

BRANDSTOF / FUEL 2 954 2 045 2 280 2 392 2 590 3 293 3 462 2 458 2 592 1 586

HERSTEL, ONDERDELE & REPARASIES / REPAIR, PARTS & MAINTENANCE 3 690 1 947 4 198 2 748 3 959 3 201 2 250 2 497 3 177 2 368

LISENSIES & VERSEKERING / LICENCES & INSURANCE 592 486 596 656 925 589 1 065 547 647 483

VERVOER GEHUUR / TRANSPORT HIRED 214 773 243 128 360 291 197 289 336 683

VASTE VERBETERINGE / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 1 257 931 1 040 1 570 1 548 1 649 1 129 587 1 256 945

HERSTEL & ONDERHOUD / REPAIR & MAINTENANCE 978 712 841 1 294 1 264 1 389 720 436 1 001 677

VERSEKERING / INSURANCE 279 219 199 276 284 260 409 151 256 268

ALGEMENE UITGAWES / GENERAL EXPENDITURES 5 885 4 475 5 605 5 415 7 843 6 685 5 321 7 664 5 849 2 160

ELEKTRISITEIT / ELECTRICITY 2 013 2 081 3 258 3 512 3 490 3 345 2 194 2 269 2 796 841

WATERKOSTE / WATER COST 838 894 779 223 2 295 1 580 1 404 3 165 1 099 639

GROND-, EIENDOMS- & MUN BELASTINGS / LAND-, PROPERTY- & MUN TAXES 319 237 243 255 498 244 259 264 290 122

ADMINISTRASIE / ADMINISTRATION * 2 716 1 263 1 325 1 425 1 560 1 515 1 464 1 966 1 664 558

TOTALE KONTANTUITGAWES / TOTAL CASH EXPENDITURES 40 180 28 694 33 168 31 654 33 902 35 875 39 623 29 957 34 047 20 844

VOORSIENING VIR VERVANGING / PROVISION FOR RENEWAL 9 919 8 980 10 550 11 041 12 127 10 528 9 492 10 407 10 344 8 344

WINGERDE / VINEYARDS 5 638 5 782 5 699 5 924 5 315 5 882 5 666 5 747 5 710 5 230

VASTE VERBETERINGS / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 1 175 741 963 1 173 1 257 1 597 543 728 1 065 713

LOSGOED OF PRODUKSIEMIDDELE / LOOSE ASSETS OR PRODUCTION MEANS 3 105 2 458 3 887 3 944 5 556 3 050 3 282 3 932 3 569 2 401

TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE 50 099 37 674 43 718 42 695 46 029 46 403 49 115 40 364 44 390 29 188

GEMIDDELDE OPP GEPLANT / AREA PLANTED (HA) 107 109 104 119 56 97 18 38 95 143

AREA ONDER BESPROEIING / AREA UNDER IRRIGATION (%) 89% 88% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 96% 39%

OUDERDOMSAMESTELLING / AGE COMPOSITION (%)

3 JAAR & JONGER / 3 YEARS AND YOUNGER 7.41 7.49 15.23 14.02 9.95 15.85 10.33 20.61 11.49 9.25

TUSSEN 4 & 7 JAAR / BETWEEN 4 & 7 YEARS 11.61 15.30 19.41 14.92 12.36 16.44 16.71 18.97 15.20 8.40



OUER AS 20 JAAR / OLDER THAN 20 YEARS 22.04 9.66 12.22 16.13 21.49 16.53 16.63 5.43 15.77 10.84

GEMIDDELDE OPBRENGS / AVERAGE YIELD (TON PER HA) 8.71 10.77 19.61 21.20 23.83 20.27 30.90 25.23 17.56 7.02

KONTANTUITGAWES / CASH EXPENDITURES (RAND PER TON) 4 613 2 664 1 691 1 493 1 423 1 770 1 282 1 187 1 938 2 969

TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE (RAND PER TON) 5 752 3 498 2 229 2 014 1 932 2 289 1 589 1 600 2 527 4 158


KOSTESTRUKTUUR VAN TOP PRESTEERDERS / COST STRUCTURE OF TOP ACHIEVERS

Toppresteerders se jaarlikse kontantuitgawe (R32 414/ha) is ten minste 5% laer as dié van die bedryfsgemiddelde (R34 047/ha), terwyl die voorsiening vir vervanging van hierdie groep teen R10 528/ha sowat 2% hoër as die bedryfs-gemiddeld van R10 344/ha is. Totale produk-siekoste van die top 50 produsente beloop R42 942/ha, wat 3% laer is as die bedryfsgemid-deld van R44 390/ha.

Top producers’ annual cash expenditure (R32 414/ha) is at least 5% lower than that of the industry (R34 047/ha), while the provision for replacement of this group at R10 528/ha is about 2% higher than the industry average of R10 344/ha. Total production cost of the top 50 producers amounts to R42 942/ha, 3% lower than the industry average of R44 390/ha.

PRODUKSIEKOSTE VIR WYNDRUIWE (R/HA) / PRODUCTION COST FOR WINE GRAPES (R/HA)

KOSTESTRUKTUUR / COST STRUCTURETop 50 2014R/ha

Bedryf Industry

2014R/ha

Top 50 2015R/ha

Bedryf Industry

2015R/ha

Top 50 2016R/ha

Bedryf Industry

2016R/ha

DIREKTE KOSTE / DIRECT COST 6 080 5 382 6 115 5 744 6 774 5 959

SAAD / SEED 133 75 207 125 231 168

KUNSMIS / FERTILISER 1 577 1 591 1 772 1 687 1 969 1 827

ORGANIESE BEMESTING / ORGANIC MATERIAL 779 315 297 250 691 278

PLAAG- & SIEKTEBEHEER / PESTICIDE CONTROL 2 310 2 230 2 613 2 428 2 594 2 388

ONKRUIDBEHEER / HERBICIDE CONTROL 812 788 830 929 1 027 957

HERSTEL- & BINDMATERIAAL / REPAIR & BINDING MATERIAL 469 383 395 326 263 340

ARBEID / LABOUR 10 216 12 001 11 982 13 282 12 482 14 231

TOESIG & BESTUURSHULP / SUPERVISION 1 720 2 039 2 018 2 081 1 996 1 960

PERMANENTE ARBEID / PERMANENT LABOUR 6 590 6 828 7 587 7 860 8 094 9 051

SEISOENSARBEID & KONTRAKTEURS / SEASONAL & CONTRACT WORKERS 1 906 3 134 2 377 3 342 2 392 3 219

MEGANISASIE / MECHANISATION 5 680 5 952 6 088 6 439 6 489 6 752

BRANDSTOF / FUEL 2 629 2 613 2 525 2 646 2 267 2 592

HERSTEL, ONDERDELE & REPARASIES / REPAIR, PARTS & MAINTENANCE 2 334 2 594 2 751 2 949 3 426 3 177

LISENSIES & VERSEKERING / LICENCES & INSURANCE 532 523 599 598 620 647

VERVOER GEHUUR / TRANSPORT HIRED 185 222 212 246 176 336

VASTE VERBETERINGE / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 1 095 985 1 415 1 136 1 355 1 256

HERSTEL & ONDERHOUD / REPAIR & MAINTENANCE 875 763 1 173 878 1 109 1 001

VERSEKERING / INSURANCE 220 222 242 257 246 256

ALGEMENE UITGAWES / GENERAL EXPENDITURE 4 263 4 914 5 270 5 343 5 315 5 849

ELEKTRISITEIT / ELECTRICITY 2 036 2 302 2 453 2 498 2 798 2 796

WATERKOSTE / WATER COST 803 926 1 242 1 034 959 1 099

GROND-, EIENDOMS- & MUN BELASTINGS / LAND-, PROPERTY- & MUN TAXES 224 259 296 270 228 290

ADMINISTRASIE / ADMINISTRATION* 1 201 1 427 1 279 1 541 1 329 1 664

TOTALE KONTANTUITGAWES / TOTAL CASH EXPENDITURE 27 334 29 235 30 870 31 944 32 414 34 047

VOORSIENING VIR VERVANGING / PROVISION FOR RENEWAL 9 503 9 439 9 893 9 691 10 528 10 344

WINGERDE / VINEYARDS 5 449 5 388 5 477 5 357 5 848 5 710

VASTE VERBETERINGS / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 888 912 982 935 946 1 065

LOSGOED OF PRODUKSIEMIDDELE / MOVEABLE ASSETS OR PRODUCTION MEANS 3 166 3 140 3 435 3 398 3 734 3 569

TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE 36 837 38 674 40 764 41 635 42 942 44 390

KOSTESTRUKTUUR VAN TOP PRESTEERDERS

COST STRUCTURE OF TOP ACHIEVERS


Die samestelling van toppresteerders se kon-tantuitgawes verskil nie noemenswaardig van dié van die bedryfsgemiddeld nie. Die 50 top-produsente bestee meer op direkte kostes soos kunsmis en plaag- en siektebeheer, en begryp die risiko is te groot om te probeer bespaar aan die direkte insette wat aan die grootte en kwaliteit van die oes gekoppel word. ’n Ander voortdurende tendens is die mate van megani-sering om sodoende arbeid meer produktief aan te wend. Dit is nie net tot die oes van wyndruiwe beperk nie; meganiese snoeipraktyke raak al hoe gewilder. Maar daar is steeds produsente wat hul hulpbronne op konvensionele wingerdpraktyke toespits met uitstekende resultate.

The composition of top achievers’ cash ex-penditure does not differ substantially from the industry average. The top 50 producers spend more on direct costs, namely fertiliser and pest and disease control and realise that the risk is too large to try and save on direct inputs, which are linked to the size and quality of the crop. Another trend that persists is the extent of mechanisation in order to use labour more productively. This is not only limited to mechanical harvesting of wine grapes, because mechanical pruning is increas-ingly popular. Even so, some producers still focus their resources on conventional viticultural practices and achieve excellent levels of success.

Die verskil in die kostestruktuur van die top-produsente is slegs een van die drywers wat wins gewendheid beïnvloed. Die verbetering in wins gewendheid word aan verhoogde produksies met ’n hoër gemiddelde uitbetaling toegeskryf.

Beide die topprodusente en bedryfsgemiddeld beskik oor ’n aanvaarbare ouderdomsamestel-ling van die wingerd. Dit is meestal die toppro-dusente wat kan bekostig om nie-winsgewende wingerde te vervang en indien nodig te diversifi-seer met meer winsgewende vertakkings.

The difference in the cost structure of the top producers is just one of the drivers that impact on profitability; the improvement in profitability is ascribed to increased productions with an even higher average payout.

Both the top producers and the industry average have an acceptable age composition. It is mostly the top producers who can afford to replace non-profitable grapevines, as well as to diversify, if required, into other more profitable enterprises of the agricultural industry.

Wat doen top presteerders anders? / What sets top performers apart?

Die volgende korttermyn tegniese praktyke het oor die afgelope drie tot vyf jaar die winsgewend-heid van individuele wynprodusente ’n hupstoot gegee.

Snoeimetodes

In ’n poging om produksie te verhoog, poog produsente om oogladings tydens snoei te verhoog deur die toepassing van verskillende snoeipraktyke. Die aantal oë word toegeken met inagneming van die groeikrag – geiler stokke kry dus meer of langer draers en ’n hoër ooglading. Verskillende snoeimetodes/-stelsels word ook vir verskillende wyndoelwitte toegepas.

Lowerbestuurspraktyke

Lower word bestuur om vegetatiewe groei te akkommodeer sonder verlies aan vrugbaarheid en met behoud van kwaliteit. Groot fokus word geplaas op lig in die lower en suier-, top- en blaar breek-aksies word uitgevoer om te verhoed dat stokke te dig en onvrugbaar raak. Pro dusente poog ook om op arbeid te bespaar deur sekere praktyke uit te skakel of af te skaal. Só word wingerde onder andere meer toegelaat om oop te lê “sprawl” om voldoende deurlugting en belig-ting te verseker. Voorheen is voorkeur gegee aan vertikale lootposisionering “VSP” waar al die lote tussen die loofdrade ingedruk word en ver digting maklik kan plaasvind indien daar nie gesuier word nie.

Bemesting en besproeiing

Groeikrag het ’n groot impak op produksie en produsente pas hul bemestings- en besproei-ingspraktyke volgens spesifieke wyndoelwitte toe. Premium-blokke het matige groei en drag wat in balans is, terwyl bulkwynblokke sterker groeikrag het wat ’n groter lower en drag kan akkommodeer. Besproeiing en bemesting word hierby aangepas.

Blokke met hoër produksies word dikwels geas-sosieer met:

• Goedgedreineerde grond• Diep grondvoorbereiding• Meer stikstof (N)• Luukse watervoorsiening (nie te veel nie –

risiko van versuiping).

Tekortbesproeiing (“RDI”) word slegs toegepas indien die wynprys dit regverdig.

The following short-term technical practices improved the profitability of individual wine pro-ducers over the past three to five years.

Pruning methods

In an attempt to increase production, producers attempt to increase bud load during pruning by means of various pruning practices. The number of buds allocated depends on vigour – grape-vines that are more vigorous have more spurs or longer bearers – in other words, a higher bud load. Moreover, different pruning methods/systems are used for different wine objectives.

Canopy management practices

Canopies are managed to accommodate veg-etative growth without loss of fertility, while retaining quality. There is considerable focus on sunlight penetration within the canopy, and suckering techniques, topping and leaf removal are performed to prevent grapevine cano-pies from becoming too dense and infertile. Producers also attempt to save on labour by eliminating or downscaling certain practices. By allowing certain grapevines to sprawl in order to ensure sufficient aeration and light penetration, shoots do not need to be tucked into wires as required with vertical shoot positioning sys-tems. The latter practice could be responsible for too dense canopies unless proper suckering takes place.

Fertilisation and irrigation

Vigour has a great impact on yield; therefore producers apply their fertilisation and irrigation practices according to specific wine objectives. The growth and yield in premium blocks are moderate and in balance, whereas bulk wine blocks are more vigorous in order to accom-modate larger canopies and yields. Irrigation and fertilisation are adjusted accordingly.

Blocks with high yield are often associated with:

• Well-drained soil• Deep soil preparation• More nitrogen (N)• Abundant water provision (not too much –

risk of drowning).

Deficit irrigation (“RDI”) is applied only if it is justified by the price of the wine.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%Top 50 2012

Bedryf/ Industry

2012

Bedryf/ Industry

2013

Bedryf/ Industry

2014

Bedryf/ Industry

2015

Bedryf/ Industry

2016

Top 50 2013

Top 50 2014

Top 50 2015

Top 50 2016

Direkte koste / Direct cost Arbeid / Labour

Meganisasie / Mechanisation Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements

Algemene uitgawes / General expenditure

21%

36%

20%

3%

21%

17%

40%

19%

3%

20%

19%

35%

20%

4%

22%

19%

40%

18%

3%

21%

16%

37%

22%

4%

21%

17%

41%

18%

3%

20%

17%

39%

20%

5%

20%

17%

42%

18%

4%

20%

16%

39%

21%

4%

20%

17%

4%

20%

42%

18%

Samestelling van jaarlikse kontantuitgawes / Composition of annual cash expenditures


Belyn praktyke met die wyndoelwitWingerdbestuur het tot ’n groot mate verskuif vanaf slegs gehalte teen alle koste na wins-gewendheid teen die regte gehalte. Produsente belyn dus hul praktyke met die uiteindelike wyndoelwit en druiweprys. ’n Langtermynprak-tyk wat vorentoe ’n groot rol gaan speel, is die gebruik van nouer plantwydtes, en spesifiek nouer rywydte, wat meer rye per hektaar gee.

Alternatiewe prieelstelselsDie keuse van prieelstelsel het ’n baie groot impak op winsgewendheid, en hoewel nog in die beginfase, gebruik ál meer produsente alter-natiewe prieelstelsels of bestuur hul bestaande stelsel(s) anders.

Alternatiewe prieelstelsels kan:

• Produksie (ton/ha) verhoog deurdat ver-hoogde effektiewe blaaroppervlak ’n groter oes kan rypmaak

• Arbeidskostes verlaag, byvoorbeeld ooplê-stelsels teenoor VSP

• Sonligpenetrasie verbeter• Tot meer gebalanseerde groeikrag lei• Tot beter gehalte teen ’n hoër produksie aan-

leiding gee, vanweë groter effektiewe lowers.

Uitkap van nie-winsgewende blokkeLaer-produserende blokke of dié waarvan die drui we nie meer in aanvraag is nie, word uitgekap.

Doeltreffende arbeidsbestuurAs deel van beter algemene kostebestuur, word arbeid meer doeltreffend bestuur deur onder andere te meganiseer waar moontlik en gebruik te maak van meer opgeleide arbeiders waar hande-arbeid wel benodig word.

Plant nuwe wingerde aanSlegs winsgewende produsente plant tans nuwe wingerde aan, maar doen fyn beplanning vir beter produksies met betrekking tot die grond, kultivar, onderstok, klone, prieel, besproeiing, bemesting, snoei en lowerbestuur.

Tydsberekening van aksiesDie korrekte tydsberekening van verskillende wingerdaksies is baie belangrik – dit kan kostes bespaar en effektiwiteit verbeter. Feitlik alle ak-sies vereis ’n bepaalde tyd; verbeur dit en betaal die gevolge.

Align practices with the wine objectiveViticultural management has shifted to a large extent from quality alone at all costs, to profit-ability combined with the right quality. Producers are therefore aligning their practices with the eventual wine objective and grape price. A long-term practice that is set to play a significant role in the future, is the use of narrower plant widths, and specifically narrower row width, which gives more rows per hectare.

Alternative trellising systemsThe choice of trellis system has an enormous impact on profitability, and although it is early days yet, more and more producers are using alternative trellis systems, or manage their exist-ing system(s) differently.

Alternative trellis systems can:

• Increase yield (ton/ha), as a larger effective leaf surface area is able to ripen a larger crop

• Reduce labour costs, for example sprawling systems versus vertical positioning

• Improve sunlight penetration• Result in more balanced vigour• Result in improved quality and higher yield,

due to bigger effective canopies.

Uprooting of non-profitable blocksBlocks with low yields, or blocks with grapes that are no longer in demand, are uprooted.

Efficient labour managementAs part of improved general cost management, labour is managed more efficiently by means of mechanisation, inter alia, where possible, and where manual labour is required, by making use of more skilled labourers.

Plant new vineyardsOnly producers who make a profit are currently planting new vineyards, following meticulous planning for improved yields with regard to the soil, cultivar, rootstock, clones, trellis, irrigation, fertilisation, pruning and canopy management.

Timing of actionsCorrect timing of various vineyard activities can go a long way to reducing costs and increasing the effectiveness of operations, where late action often comes with extra costs. Just about every activity has it’s time; miss it and it will cost you.

TEIKENINKOMSTE

TARGET INCOME


TEIKENINKOMSTE RIGLYNE PER HEKTAAR (2016) / TARGET INCOME GUIDELINE PER HECTARE (2016)

DISTRIK / DISTRICT Stellenbosch Paarl Robertson Breedekloof Olifants Riv(i)er Worcester Orange Riv(i)er Klein Karoo Bedryf / Industry Malmesbury *

Plaasgrootte / Farm size 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 70 140

R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha R / ha

Totale kontantuitgawesTotal cash expenditures 40 180 40 180 28 694 28 694 33 168 33 168 31 654 31 654 33 902 33 902 35 876 35 876 39 623 39 623 29 957 29 957 34 047 34 047 20 844 20 844

Voorsiening vir vervangingProvision for renewal 9 919 9 919 8 980 8 980 10 550 10 550 11 041 11 041 12 127 12 127 10 528 10 528 9 492 9 492 10 407 10 407 10 344 10 344 8 345 8 345

Teikeninkomste na produksiekosteTarget income after production cost 50 099 50 099 37 674 37 674 43 718 43 718 42 695 42 695 46 029 46 029 46 403 46 403 49 115 49 115 40 364 40 364 44 390 44 390 29 189 29 189

Rente op belegging (Vestigingskoste - R160 000 / ha)Interest on investment (Establishment cost - R160 000 / ha)

12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 12 800 10 400 10 400

Teikeninkomste voor ondernemingsloonTarget income before entrepreneur remuneration

62 899 62 899 50 474 50 474 56 518 56 518 55 495 55 495 58 829 58 829 59 203 59 203 61 915 61 915 53 164 53 164 57 190 57 190 39 589 39 589

Ondernemingsloon (R40 000 per maand)Entrepreneur remuneration (R40 000 per month)

12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 12 000 4 800 6 857 3 429

Teikeninkomste per haTarget income per ha 74 899 67 699 62 474 55 274 68 518 61 318 67 495 60 295 70 829 63 629 71 203 64 003 73 915 66 715 65 164 57 964 69 190 61 990 46 446 43 018

TEIKENINKOMSTE RIGLYN PER TON (2016) / TARGET INCOME GUIDELINE PER TON (2016)

Produksie per hektaar / Yield per hectare R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton R / ton

5 14 980 13 540 12 495 11 055 13 704 12 264 13 499 12 059 14 166 12 726 14 241 12 801 14 783 13 343 13 033 11 593 13 838 12 398 9 289 8 604

8 9 362 8 462 7 809 6 909 8 565 7 665 8 437 7 537 8 854 7 954 8 900 8 000 9 239 8 339 8 146 7 246 8 649 7 749 5 806 5 377

10 7 490 6 770 6 247 5 527 6 852 6 132 6 750 6 030 7 083 6 363 7 120 6 400 7 391 6 671 6 516 5 796 6 919 6 199 4 645 4 302

12 6 242 5 642 5 206 4 606 5 710 5 110 5 625 5 025 5 902 5 302 5 934 5 334 6 160 5 560 5 430 4 830 5 766 5 166 3 871 3 585

15 4 993 4 513 4 165 3 685 4 568 4 088 4 500 4 020 4 722 4 242 4 747 4 267 4 928 4 448 4 344 3 864 4 613 4 133 3 096 2 868

20 3 745 3 385 3 124 2 764 3 426 3 066 3 375 3 015 3 541 3 181 3 560 3 200 3 696 3 336 3 258 2 898 3 460 3 100 2 322 2 151

25 2 996 2 708 2 499 2 211 2 741 2 453 2 700 2 412 2 833 2 545 2 848 2 560 2 957 2 669 2 607 2 319 2 768 2 480 1 858 1 721

30 2 497 2 257 2 082 1 842 2 284 2 044 2 250 2 010 2 361 2 121 2 373 2 133 2 464 2 224 2 172 1 932 2 306 2 066 1 548 1 434

Dit is van uiterste belang dat produsente en ander rolspelers in die wynbedryf weet wat die teikeninkomste per hektaar moet wees om te verseker dat redelike en aanvaarbare ekonomiese opbrengste gerealiseer word. Om die tei keninkomste te bepaal word die totale produksiekoste, ’n aanvaarbare ondernemer s- loon, asook ’n realistiese opbrengs op kapi-taalbelegging in berekening gebring. Sodoende

TEIKENINKOMSTE (2016-OES) TARGET INCOME (2016 HARVEST)

It is important that producers and other role players are informed of what their target income per hectare should be to ensure that reasonable and acceptable economic yields are obtained. Total production cost, entrepreneurial remunera-tion and a realistic return on capital investment are all taken into account to determine the total target income. After the target income per hec-tare has been calculated, it should be divided

according to varying levels of production in order to determine target prices for specific prod-ucts. The target income guidelines shown here represent the average for all the participants of the Production Plan per district and producers should ideally calculate their individual target income according to their own cost structure, farm size, etc.

word die teikeninkomste per hektaar bepaal, wat na gelang van verskillende produksies aangepas moet word om teikenpryse vir spesi-fieke produkte te bepaal. Hierdie syfers is slegs ’n gemiddelde teikeninkomste per distrik ten opsigte van Produksieplan-deelnemers en die ideaal is dat elke produsent sy eie individuele teikeninkomste bepaal na gelang van sy plaas-grootte, kostestruktuur, ens.

* Malmesbury Rente op belegging (Vestigingskoste - R 130 000/ha) / Interest on investment (Establishment cost - R130 000 / ha)


OESVERSEKERING

HARVEST INSURANCE

OESVERSEKERING / HARVEST INSURANCE

Die afgelope seisoen het die wynbedryf ook deeglik kennis geneem van die klimatologiese impak en risiko gekoppel aan spesifieke gebeur-tenisse soos brande. Vir beplannings-doeleindes het SANTAM ’n paar riglyne deurgegee en vind goeie aansluiting by die ander koste-items in hierdie gids.

Dekking beskikbaar:• Hael – kliënt kies watter blokke verseker moet

word, bybetaling is per blok, slegs kwantit a-tiewe skade is gedek en dekking strek vanaf volbot tot oes.

• Brand – alle blokke per plaas moet verseker word, bybetaling is 15% van die eis bedrag.

• Alle dekking tree in werking 7 dae na datum van polis.

Versekerde waardes• Hael – kliënt bepaal versekerde waarde per

blok en wel as volg: aantal hektare X ton per hektaar X Rand per ton. Hierdie waardes moet realisties wees en alle eise wat mag ontstaan, word teen die versekerde waarde vergoed.

• Brand – die totale versekerde waarde word as volg saamgestel:

– Oes waarde soos hierby aangedui.

– Infrastruktuur waarde (besproeiingstelsel, pale, draad, ankers, ens.).

– Hervestigings kostes (verwydering van beskadigde materiaal, grond voorbereiding, arbeid, stokkies, ens.)

Brand waardes moet realisties wees, aangesien eise teen die werklike waarde of die versekerde waarde geskik word, welke die minste. Indien te laag verseker word avery toegepas. Die oes gedeelte is gedek tot na oes en die infrastruk-tuur/hervestiging vir ’n jaar. Polisse word jaarliks Junie/Julie hernu.

Over the past season, the wine industry was thoroughly made aware of the climatological impact and risk related to specific events like fires. SANTAM has provided some guidelines for planning purposes, which tie in nicely with the other cost items in this guide.

Cover available:• Hail – client chooses which blocks must be

insured, excess payments are per block, only quantitative damage is covered and cover stretches from peak budding to harvest.

• Fire – all blocks per farm have to be insured, excess payment is 15% of the claim amount.

• All coverage comes into effect 7 days after the policy date.

Insured values• Hail – client determines insured value per

block and this is calculated as follows: amount of hectares X tons per hectare X Rand per ton. These values must be realistic and any claims that may occur, is remunerated against the insured value.

• Fire – the total insured value is compiled as follows:

– Harvest value as indicated herewith.

– Infrastructure value (irrigation system, poles, wire, anchors, etc.)

– Re-establishment costs (removal of da-maged material, soil preparation, labour, grafted vines, etc.)

Fire values must be realistic, as claims are settled against the actual value or the insured value, whichever the lowest. If the insured value is too low average will apply. The harvest portion is covered until end of harvest and the infrastruc-ture/re-establishment for a year. Policies are renewed annually in June/July.

Opsies in die wynbedryf / Options in the wine industry


Insurance costs• Hail – the cost is determined by the excess

payment option, which varies from 10% to 30%, as well as the district where the property is located. Tariffs are normally lower closer to the coast and higher moving further into the interior, as summer rainfall increases.

• Fire – the cost is 0.3% of the insured value, plus VAT, and applies for all districts. SASRIA can be added at an additional 0.0144%. Fire insurance is subject to a review.

All premiums are payable 45 days after policy date, thus a single annual premium.

Damage determination• Hail – damage is determined within a week of

occurrence and settled.

• Fire – damage determination can be post-poned, until the total value can be correctly determined, but usually not for longer than ±30 days. Claims are remunerated at 85% of the claim amount, thus a 15% excess pay-ment applies.

The above-mentioned guidelines can be dis-cussed in greater detail with SANTAM and/or your broker.

Koste van versekering• Hael – die koste word bepaal deur die by-

betalings keuse, wat wissel vanaf 10% tot 30%, asook die distrik waarin die eiendom geleë is. Tariewe is normaalweg laer nader aan die kus en hoër verder binneland in, soos wat somer reënval toeneem.

• Brand – die koste is 0.3% van die versekerde waarde, plus BTW, en geld vir alle distrikte. SASRIA kan teen ’n verdere 0.0144% byge-voeg word. Toestaan van brand dekking is onderhewig aan ’n oorsig.

Alle premies is betaalbaar 45 dae na datum van polis, dus ’n eenmalige jaar premie.

Skadebepalings• Hael – skade word binne ’n week na voorkoms

bepaal en afgehandel.

• Brand – skade bepaling kan uitgestel word, totdat die totale waarde korrek bepaal kan word, maar normaalweg nie langer as ±30 dae nie. Eise word vergoed teen 85% van die eis bedrag, dus ’n 15% bybetaling.

Voorgenoemde riglyne kan verder met SANTAM en/of u makelaar in detail bespreek word.

ARBEIDSRIGLYNE

LABOUR GUIDELINES


Arbeid is verreweg die grootste komponent van die wyndruifprodusent se jaarlikse kostes. Daar-om is die effektiewe bestuur van die arbeidsmag op die plaas baie belangrik. In die volgende tabel is arbeidsnorme vir sekere aksies saamgevat wat die wyndruifprodusent sal help met die beplan-ning, bestuur van, en begroting vir arbeid – beide permanent en seisoenaal – deur die jaar.

ARBEIDSRIGLYNE / LABOUR GUIDELINES

Labour is by far the largest component of wine grape producers’ annual expenditure. Therefore efficient management of the labour corps on the farm is of utmost importance. The following table includes labour norms for specific actions that will assist the wine grape producer to plan, manage and budget for labour – both permanent and seasonal – throughout the year.

Arbeidsnorme / Labour norms

ARBEIDSNORME / LABOUR NORMS

Tipe aksie / Type of action Man-ure per hektaar / Man hours per hectare

Vir eie gebruik /For own use

Wingerd uittrek / Vineyard uproot

Bosstok / Bush Vines 40 - 55

Opleiwingerd / Trellised Vineyards 1 100 - 1 400

Skoonmaak van grond / Field clearing 23 - 30

Skoonmaak van grond (trekker) / Field clearing (tractor) 25 - 35

Verwyder ou stokke / Uproot old vines 23 - 30

Wegry van stokke / Remove vines from site 25 - 35

Wingerdvestiging (Alle aktiwiteite) / Establishment (All Activities)

Jaar 1 / Year 1 900 - 1 300

Jaar 2 / Year 2 1 000 - 2 400

Jaar 3 / Year 3 1 000 - 1 500

Wingerdvestiging (Gespesifiseerde aktiwiteite) / Establishment (Specified Activities)

Pale plant / Plant posts 320 - 380

Draadspan / Strain wires 70 - 90

Besproeiing installeer / Install irrigation 170 - 200

Opleistelsel oprig (medium tot groot) / Erect trellis systems (medium to large) 1 200 - 1 700

Saai van dekgewas / Sow cover crop seed 3 - 5

Plant van stokke / Plant vines 160 - 185

Lê van dekplastiek / Lay plastic covering 24 - 30

Groenlootontwikkeling / Green shoot development 230 - 300

Winterloot op raamwerk / Winter cane on framework 110 - 125

Oesbeheer / Crop control 65 - 80

Ander aktiwiteite / Other activities

Voorsnoei vir oplei / Pre-prune for trellising 30 - 37

Skoonsnoei vir bosstok / Clear pruning for bush vines 86 - 160

Skoonsnoei vir oplei / Clear pruning for trellising 105 - 120

Stompsnoei vir bosstok / Blunt pruning for bush vines 45 - 55

Stompsnoei vir oplei / Blunt pruning for trellising 42 - 62

Gesamentlike snoei (skoon en stomp) / Collective pruning (blunt and clear) 90 - 145

Suier intensief / Intensive offset 45 - 80

Suier ekstensief / Extensive offset 24 - 45

Lote deursteek / Plant shoots 20 - 36

Top van lote / Top shoots 15 - 25

Blare uitbreek / Remove leaves 20 - 30

Oesbeheer / Crop control 65 - 80

Oes van bosstok (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of bush vines (man hours per ton) 11 - 15

Oes van oplei (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of trellis (man hours per ton) 9 - 11

ARBEIDSNORME / LABOUR NORMS

Tipe aksie / Type of action Man-ure per hektaar / Man hours per hectare

Vir eie gebruik /For own use

Besproeiing in seisoen / Irrigation in season 20 - 35

Plaagbeheer (trekker) / Pest control (tractor) 60 - 75

Somerloofaksie / Summer foliage action 230 - 320

Skoffel / Hand cultivate 25 - 40

Minimum loon / Minimum wage

The minimum wage from 1 March 2017 until 28 February 2018 is as follows:

Minimumloonkoers vanaf 1 Maart 2017 tot 28 Februarie 2018 is soos volg:

Uurlikse loon / Hourly wage R15,39 per uur / per hour

Daaglikse loon / Daily wage R138,52 per dag / per day

Weeklikse loon / Weekly wage R692,62 per week

Maandelikse loon / Monthly wage R3 001,13 per maand / per month


VESTIGINGSKOSTE

ESTABLISHMENT COST

VESTIGINGSKOSTE / ESTABLISHMENT COST

Dit is wenslik om die volgende prosedures te volg ten einde ’n eenmalige, korrekte voorberei-ding vir die meerjarige wingerd daar te stel.

GrondontledingsChemiese regstellings, soos die uitstrooi van die regte hoeveelheid kalk vir die regstel van die grond se pH en fosforstatus, gaan gepaard met grond-voorbereiding. In die meeste gevalle lei grond wat bekalk is tot ’n pH van 6 tot ’n betekenisvolle ver-hoging in wortelmassas van onderstokke.

Grondprofiel-inspeksieDie maak van profielgate vir grondklassifika-sie is nodig sodat beoordeel kan word watter bewerkingsmetode nodig sal wees. Grondver-skuiwingsmaatskappye werk vandag baie nou saam met grondkundiges en dring dikwels aan by produsente dat grondkundiges eers gronde moet besigtig of klassifiseer. Netjiese profielgate wat strek tot 1 500 mm en selfs dieper bied goeie aanwysers vir besluitneming.

Implementkeuse / Implement selectionWieltrekkers is lankal nie meer die oplossing vir diep grondbewerking nie, omdat kontak met die grondoppervlak te min is, genoegsame krag op die grond ontbreek en die wielglip moontlik grondkompaksie bevorder. Kruiptrekkers is die enigste kragbron wat suksesvol gebruik kan word, aangesien dit meer krag na die grond verplaas met minder kompaksie weens groter kontak tussen die rusperbande en die grondop-pervlak.

Die vestiging van wingerd is ’n langtermyn, kapitaal-intensiewe besluit waarmee die pro-dusent vir meer as 20 jaar moet saamleef. Dit is dus krities dat alle aspekte rondom so ’n besluit deeglik besin moet word alvorens dit geneem of uitgevoer word.

The following procedures are recommended to ensure once-off, correct soil preparation for the perennial grapevine.

Soil analysesChemical adjustments such as the application of the right amount of lime to adjust the soil’s pH and phosphorus status, go hand in hand with soil preparation. In most instances soil that had been limed to a pH of 6 led to a significant increase in the root mass of rootstocks.

Soil profile inspectionIt is necessary to create profile pits for soil clas-sification, in order to determine the required cultivation method. Nowadays there is excellent collaboration between earthmovers and soil scientists, the former often urging producers to have a soil scientist view or classify the soil beforehand. Neat profile pits up to a depth of 1 500 mm and deeper are very good indicators in decision-making.

Implement selectionTractors are no longer suitable for deep soil preparation, as their soil surface contact is in-sufficient, there is not sufficient power available on the soil and if used, slipping wheels could add to soil compaction. Bulldozers are the only source of power that can be used successfully, as they displace more power to the soil with less compaction due to the larger contact area of the caterpillar tyres on the soil’s surface.

The establishment of vineyard is a long-term, capital-intensive decision, which will have an effect on the producer for the next 20 years or more. It is therefore critical that all aspects sur-rounding the matter are thoroughly considered before the decision is made or implemented.

Grondvoorbereiding / Soil preparation


• Die grondklimaat moet korrek wees – ’n té droë klimaat lei tot groot kluite en ’n té nat klimaat smeer die ondergrond.

Gereelde evaluering van grondvoorbereiding is on-ontbeerlik. Profielgate moet gereeld gemaak word (hou slootgrawer byderhand), sodat vorde ring en kwaliteit deur kundiges beoordeel kan word.

Die koste van grondvoorbereidingDie moontlike kostes van verskillende grond-voorbereidingsaksies word in die volgende tabel opgesom. Let wel dat hierdie slegs riglyne is en dat die kostes sal wissel afhangende van grondtipe, implement-tipe en die spesifieke aksies wat deur die produsent verlang word. Die produsent moet verder self vervoerkostes in berekening bring volgens sy/haar eie situasie.

• The soil climate should be correct – a too dry climate will lead to large clods and a too wet climate will smear the subsoil.

Regular evaluation of soil preparation is es-sential. That means creating regular profile pits (keep trencher handy), so that progress and quality may be judged by the experts.

Cost of soil preparationThe potential costs of certain soil preparation actions are summarised in the following table. Please note that these are only guidelines and that the actual costs will differ depending on soil type, implement type and the specific ac-tions required by the producer. Furthermore, the producer must calculate the transport cost according to his/her own situation.

TIPE BEWERKING TYPE OF ACTION

DROË KOSTE (R / HA)DRY COST (R / HA)

DIESELVERBRUIK DIESEL USAGE

± 800 mm diepte/depth

± 1 200 mm diepte/depth

± 800 mm diepte/depth

± 1 200 mm diepte/depth

Rip maklike grond (wye aanvoorwydtes: ±1 000 mm*) Rip easy soil (wide furrow width: ±1 000 mm*) R8 000 / ha R9 500 / ha 280L / ha 320L / ha

Rip moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes: ±750 mm**) Rip difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow widths: ±750 mm**) R10 200 / ha R11 600 / ha 350L / ha 450L / ha

1-Toon Rip en 1-Toon kruis maklike grond (wye aanvoorwydtes*) Rip and cross easy soil (wide furrow width) R14 000 / ha R16 200 / ha 560L / ha 640L / ha

1-Toon Rip en 1-Toon kruis moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes**): Rip and cross difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow width) R16 500 / ha R19 900 / ha 720L / ha 880L / ha

Diep meng- of skuifdol enkel aksie (sonder rip) Deep mix and delve plough (without rip) R14 500 / ha R17 400 / ha 520L / ha 650L / ha

Rip en kruisdol (nou aanvoorwydte) Rip and cross delve (narrow furrow width) R20 500 / ha R24 400 / ha 820L / ha 950L / ha

Enkel toon Rip en 3 toon kruis-mengrip Single blade rip and 3 blade cross-mix rip R12 500 / ha R14 600 / ha 420L / ha 490L / ha

Spitdol vol oppervlakte (25 ton excavator) Spit delve full area (25 ton excavator) R25 100 / ha 950L / ha

Spitdol net op rye en opert (25 ton excavator) Spit delve only on rows and ridging (25 ton excavator) R9 000 / ha 420L / ha

Rye opert met bulldozer (D5-D6 Cat) Ridging of rows with bulldozer (D5-D6 Cat) R6 500 / ha 280L / ha

Ontbossing (D8 Cat) Deforestation (D8 Cat) R4 200 - R6 300/ha 140 - 250L / ha

Wingerd uitrip met vlerk (D8 Cat) Remove vines with wing (D8 Cat) R3 500 / ha 150L / ha

Slootgrawer (CAT ±30 ton) – werkstempo afhangend van grondtipe Excavator (Cat ±30 ton) – work tempo dependent on soil type R550 / uur 25L / uur

Tipe vermenging

Tans is die gebruik van slootgrawers, bekend as spitdol, ’n gemaklike opsie om te oorweeg. Daar is egter min gronde wat uitstekend gepas is tot die gebruik van die spitdol; daarom word groot masjiene eerder aanbeveel. Indien lae voorkom, weens onder andere drastiese tekstuurverskille (dupleksgronde), moet versigtig omgegaan word met ’n slootgrawer wat lae vermeng, en sal ’n skuifmengdol wat lae in posisie hou, beter gepas wees.

’n Skeurploeg en skuifmengdol se aanvoorwydte – die wydte tussen die implement se skare – moet ook voor die tyd bepaal word, hoofsaak-lik weens koste-implikasies en die nodigheid daarvan. Indien groot lense onversteurde grond tussen die aanvoorwydtes vermy wil word, sal hierdie keuse oordeelkundig gemaak moet word. Die lense kan gewoonlik met ’n kruisaksie ver-klein word. Indien daar tot dieptes van 900 mm bewerk word, moet die aanvoor twee-derdes opneem – dus 600 mm.

Tydperk van grondvoorbereiding

Die tydperk van grondvoorbereiding is baie belangrik. In té droë grond sal groot kluite, veral op die oppervlakte, breek wat ’n ongewenste situasie skep wanneer ingewerk word met dol-aksies. Die grondklimaat is byvoorbeeld geskik vir bewerking wanneer ’n balletjie grond gerol kan word en met geringe druk uitmekaar kan val. Klimaat en kalkbehoefte sal dan bepaal of die grond gekruisdol moet word of anders net ’n enkele aksie sal benodig. Die vorming van groot kluite kan beperk word deur benatting van die grond vir vier ure met sprinkelbesproeiing in die orde van ± 25 mm water en ’n toelating van 48 – 72 uur daarna vir uitdroging.

Opsomming

Die volgende moet in gedagte gehou word:

• Oormatige bewerking kan lei tot struktuurver-nietiging en die grond, wanneer droog, sal tot poeierstof bewerk wees.

• Té wye aanvoorwydtes lei tot swak vermen-ging met groot onaangeraakte grondbanke/-lense.

• Die bewerkingsrigting moet korrek gekies word met die oog op ondergrondse dreinering.

Type of mix

Currently the use of digger loaders, known as “spit” delve, is a good option to consider. How-ever, there are not many soils that are totally suited to the use of the “spit” delve; therefore large machines are preferred. If layers occur due to, inter alia, drastic differences in texture (du-plex soils), a digger loader should be used with caution, since it mixes layers, and one would prefer a finger mix delve plough, which keeps layers in position.

The furrow width – the width between the plough-shares – of a ripper and finger mix delve plough needs to be determined well in advance, mainly due to cost implications and the neces-sity thereof. If you want to avoid large lenses of undisturbed soil between the furrow widths, this will have to be a carefully considered decision. Lenses can usually be reduced with a cross action. If vines are planted up to a depth of 900 mm, the furrow should be take up two-thirds – in other words 600 mm.

Period of soil preparation

The period of soil preparation is of utmost im-portance. In excessively dry soils, large clods will break, especially on the surface, which creates an undesirable situation when the soil is trenched. The soil climate is, for example, most optimal for cultivation when a ball of soil can be rolled and falls apart with the slightest of pressure. Climate and lime requirements will determine whether the soil should be cross-delved or alternatively require a single action. The formation of large clods can be limited if the soil is wetted for four hours with sprinkler irrigation at ± 25 mm water, followed by a drying period of 48 - 72 hours.

Summary

The following should be kept in mind at all times:

• Excessive tillage can result in destruction of the structure and the soil, when dry, will have been tilled to a powdery matter.

• Excessively wide furrow widths result in poor mixing with large untouched soil banks/lenses.

• Cultivation row should be selected correctly with a view to drain the subsoil.


Die koste van prieelstelsels word bereken deur die nuutste pryse (BTW uitgesluit) vanaf verskeie verskaffers van pale, draad en ander materiaal te verkry. Die gemiddelde pryse word in ’n teo retiese model ingevoeg om die koste van verskillende prieelstelsels met verskillende paallengtes, paal-spasiërings, ens te bepaal. Dit bly dus teo retiese bedrae en kan van werklike kostes verskil. Vir ’n meer akkurate kosteberekening van prieel-stelselkoste, kontak die samestellers.

Vir vertikale prieelstelsels is die pale in 6 m-vakke geplant en vir die alternatiewe stelsels is die vakke 7.5 m. Kontak die samestellers gerus om u unieke prieelstelselkoste te bepaal met verskillende vaklengtes, paallengtes en -diktes.

The cost of a trellis system is calculated by ob-taining the latest prices (VAT excluded) for the poles, wire and other materials from a number of suppliers. These prices are entered into a theoretical model to calculate the cost of various trellis systems with different pole lengths, pole spacings, etc. These are therefore theoretical costs and may differ from actual costs. For a more accurate cost calculation of different trellis systems, please contact the compilers.

For the vertical trellis systems a pole spacing of 6 m is used and 7.5 m for alternative trellis systems. Feel free to contact the compilers to calculate your unique trellis system cost with different pole types and spacing.

Koste van prieelstelsels / Cost of trellis systems

Daar mag soms verwarring voorkom tussen die benamings en konstruksies van verskillende vertikale prieelstelsels. Ten einde enige verwar-ring uit te skakel word ’n skematiese voorstelling van die stelsels voorsien met die voorgestelde benamings en afkortings.

There may be some confusion regarding the names and constructions of different vertical trellis systems. To eliminate any confusion, a schematic representation of the systems is provided, with their names and abbreviations.

ALTERNATIEWE PRIEELSTELSELS / ALTERNATIVE TRELLIS SYSTEMS

Tipe stelselType of system

PaalPole

Ry-spasiering / Row-spacing

2.1 2.5 2.75 3 3.3

Skuinskap 1.5m KappaalSlanting trellis - 1.5 m slanting pole 2.4m (50 - 75) – – 55 737 49 750 45 243

Skuinskap 1.8m KappaalSlanting trellis - 1.8 m slanting pole 2.4m (50 - 75) – – 59 599 54 647 49 695

Gewelstelsel 2.1m PaalGable system 2.1m Pole 2.1m (75 - 100) – – 88 246 81 141 73 711

Fabrieksdak 2.1m PaalFactory roof 2.1m Pole 2.1m (75 - 100) – – 72 709 65 743 61 177

U-stelselU-system 2.1m (75 - 100) – – – 98 171 87 222

DraadgewelWire gable 2.1m (50 - 75) – – 65 834 – –

LierstelselLyre system 2.4m (100 - 125) – – – 113 610 –

Scott Henry 2.7m (75 - 100) 73 318 62 451 56 210 51 541 46 871

Grobbelaar 2.1m (75 - 100) – 82 594 76 433 70 271 67 275

T - KapT - System 2.4m (75 - 100) – 78 632 72 766 66 900 64 049

VE

RT

IKA

LE P

RIE

ELS

TE

LSE

LS /

VE

RT

ICA

L T

RE

LLIS

ING

SY

ST

EM

S

Prie

elst

else

l / T

relli

s sy

stem

Bin

ne-p

aal

Inne

r p

ole

Ry-

spas

ierin

g /

Row

sp

acin

g

1.8

1.9

22.

12.

22.

32.

42.

52.

62.

752.

82.

93

3.1

3.2

3.3

Een

dra

ad H

eini

ngO

ne s

tran

d h

edge

1.2m

(50

-75)

27

059

25

585

24

609

23

135

22

159

21

162

20

186

19

687

18

712

17

736

17

237

16

739

16

262

15

763

15

264

14

787

Twee

dra

ad H

eini

ngTw

o st

rand

hed

ge1.

2m (5

0 -7

5) 2

8 93

0 2

7 35

3 2

6 31

0 2

4 73

3 2

3 69

0 2

2 62

4 2

1 58

0 2

1 04

8 2

0 00

4 1

8 96

0 1

8 42

8 1

7 89

5 1

7 38

4 1

6 85

1 1

6 31

8 1

5 80

7

Drie

dra

ad H

eini

ngTh

ree

stra

nd h

edge

2.1m

(75

- 10

0) 7

7 03

1 7

2 83

1 7

0 05

4 6

5 85

4 6

3 07

7 6

0 23

3 5

7 45

6 5

6 03

4 5

3 25

6 5

0 47

8 4

9 05

7 4

7 63

5 4

6 27

9 4

4 85

8 4

3 43

6 4

2 08

0

Vie

rdra

ad H

eini

ngFo

ur s

tran

d h

edge

2.1m

(75

- 10

0) 7

8 90

1 7

4 60

0 7

1 75

4 6

7 45

3 6

4 60

7 6

1 69

6 5

8 85

0 5

7 39

4 5

4 54

9 5

1 70

3 5

0 24

7 4

8 79

2 4

7 40

1 4

5 94

6 4

4 49

0 4

3 10

0

Vyf

dra

ad H

eini

ngFi

ve s

tran

d h

edge

2.4m

(50

- 75

) 6

4 46

3 6

0 95

5 5

8 63

0 5

5 12

2 5

2 79

8 5

0 43

0 4

8 10

5 4

6 92

2 4

4 59

7 4

3 41

3 4

1 08

9 3

9 90

5 3

8 76

4 3

7 58

0 3

6 39

7 3

5 25

6

Per

old

1.8m

(100

- 1

25)

89

401

84

527

81

304

76

429

73

206

69

903

66

680

65

028

61

805

58

582

56

930

55

279

53

708

52

056

50

404

48

833

Dub

bel

Per

old

Dou

ble

Per

old

1.8m

(100

- 1

25)

92

209

87

181

83

856

78

829

75

504

72

098

68

773

67

070

63

745

60

420

58

717

57

015

55

392

53

690

51

987

50

365

Sku

ifbar

e P

erol

dM

ovab

le P

erol

d2.

1m (1

00 -

125

) 9

5 37

5 9

0 17

5 8

6 73

6 8

1 53

5 7

8 09

6 7

4 57

3 7

1 13

4 6

9 37

2 6

5 93

3 6

2 49

4 6

0 73

2 5

8 97

1 5

7 29

4 5

5 53

2 5

3 77

0 5

2 09

3

Vie

rdra

ad v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dFo

ur s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.1m

(100

- 1

25)

94

438

89

288

85

883

80

734

77

329

73

840

70

435

68

690

65

285

61

880

60

136

58

391

56

731

54

986

53

242

51

581

Vyf

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dFi

ve s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.1m

(100

- 1

25)

91

810

86

806

83

498

78

494

75

187

71

794

68

487

66

791

63

483

60

175

58

479

56

783

55

171

53

475

51

779

50

168

Vyf

dra

ad s

kuifb

are

verle

ngd

e P

erol

dM

ovab

le fi

ve s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.1m

(100

- 1

25)

96

351

91

100

87

627

82

375

78

902

75

345

71

872

70

093

66

621

63

148

61

369

59

590

57

896

56

118

54

339

52

645

Ses

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dS

ix s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

109

908

1

03 9

16

99

956

93

964

90

004

85

942

81

981

79

950

75

989

72

029

69

998

67

967

66

037

64

006

61

975

60

046

Vyf

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e d

ubb

el P

erol

dFi

ve s

tran

d e

xten

ded

dou

ble

Per

old

2.1m

(100

- 1

25)

97

289

91

986

88

479

83

176

79

670

76

078

72

571

70

775

67

268

63

762

61

966

60

170

58

459

56

663

54

867

53

156

Ses

dra

ad d

ubb

el v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dS

ix s

tran

d d

oub

le e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

113

302

1

07 1

26

103

042

9

6 86

5 9

2 78

1 8

8 59

5 8

4 51

1 8

2 41

9 7

8 33

5 7

4 25

1 7

2 15

8 7

0 06

5 6

8 07

4 6

5 98

1 6

3 88

8 6

1 89

7

Vyf

dra

ad d

ubb

el v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dFi

ve s

tran

d d

oub

le e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

111

432

1

05 3

57

101

341

9

5 26

7 9

1 25

1 8

7 13

3 8

3 11

7 8

1 05

8 7

7 04

2 7

3 02

6 7

0 96

8 6

8 90

9 6

6 95

2 6

4 89

3 6

2 83

4 6

0 87

7

Ses

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e d

ubb

el P

erol

dS

ix s

tran

d e

xten

ded

dou

ble

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

114

240

1

08 0

12

103

894

9

7 66

6 9

3 54

8 8

9 32

8 8

5 21

0 8

3 10

1 7

8 98

2 7

4 86

4 7

2 75

5 7

0 64

5 6

8 63

6 6

6 52

7 6

4 41

7 6

2 40

8

Sew

edra

ad v

erle

ngd

e d

ubb

el P

erol

dS

even

str

and

ext

end

ed d

oub

le P

erol

d2.

7m (1

00 -

125

) 1

29 3

19

122

268

1

17 6

06

110

555

1

05 8

93

101

115

9

6 45

3 9

4 06

4 8

9 40

2 8

4 74

0 8

2 35

1 7

9 96

2 7

7 69

0 7

5 30

1 7

2 91

2 7

0 63

9

Sew

edra

ad d

ubb

el v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dS

even

str

and

dou

ble

ext

end

ed P

erol

d2.

7m (1

00 -

125

) 1

28 3

81

121

381

1

16 7

54

109

754

1

05 1

26

100

382

9

5 75

4 9

3 38

2 8

8 75

5 8

4 12

7 8

1 75

5 7

9 38

3 7

7 12

7 7

4 75

5 7

2 38

3 7

0 12

7

Sm

art

Dys

on2.

4m (1

00 -

125

) –

– –

–

–

– 8

4 51

1 8

2 41

9 7

8 33

5 7

4 25

1 7

2 15

8 7

0 06

5 6

8 07

4 6

5 98

1 6

3 88

8 6

1 89

7

Meg

anie

se s

tels

el (H

igh

Wire

)M

echa

nica

l tre

llis

(Hig

h W

ire)

1.8m

(100

- 1

25)

– –

– –

–

– 6

1 57

8 6

0 05

1 5

7 07

7 5

4 10

3 5

2 57

5 5

1 04

8 4

9 60

1 4

8 07

4 4

6 54

7 4

5 10

0

PRIEELSTELSELS / TRELLIS SYSTEMS

PEROLD

P

SP / MP 4VP / 4LP OVP / ILP 5VP / 5LP

SKUIFBARE PEROLDMOVEABLE PEROLD

VIERDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLDFOUR-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD

OMGEKEERDE VERLENGDE PEROLDINVERTED LENGTHENED PEROLD

VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLDFIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD

S5VP / M5LP 6VP /6LP 5DVP / 5DLP 6DVP / 6DLP

SKUIFBARE VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLD

MOVABLE FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD

SESDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLDSIX-STRAND LENGTHENED

PEROLD

VYFDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLD

FIVE-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED PEROLD

SESDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLD

SIX-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTH-ENED PEROLD

7DVP / 7DLP

SEWEDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLDSEVEN-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED PEROLD

BOSSTOK (GOBLET)BUSH VINE

STOK-BY-PAALTJIEPOSTED VINE

EENDRAAD HEININGONE-STRAND HEDGE

TWEEDRAAD HEININGTWO-STRAND HEDGE

DRIEDRAAD HEININGTHREE-STRAND HEDGE

VIERDRAAD HEININGFOUR-STRAND HEDGE

VYFDRAAD HEININGFIVE-STRAND HEDGE

1H 2H 3H

4H 5H

SBP / PVBOS / BV

EENDRAAD HOË HEINING (MEGANIES OF HAND SNOEI)ONE-STRAND HIGH HEDGE (MECHANICAL OR HAND PRUNING) “HIGH WIRE”

1HM (H)

TWEEDRAAD HOË HEINING (MEGANIES OF HAND SNOEI)TWO-STRAND HIGH HEDGE (MECHANICAL OR HAND PRUNING)

2HM (H)

Loofdraad/ Canopy wire

Kordondraad/ Cordon wire

Saamgestel in samewerking met



RUAKURA DUBBEL VLAK PRIEELRUAKURA TWO TIER TRELLIS

RUAKURA DUBBEL VLAK PRIEELRUAKURA TWO TIER TRELLIS

LIER-STELSELLYRE TRELLIS

2K2T

2K2T

LYR

DP / DP 5VDP / 5LDP

DUBBEL PEROLDDOUBLE PEROLD

VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

6VDP / 6LDP 7VDP / 7LDP

SESDRAAD VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

SIX-STRAND LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

SEWEDRAAD VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

SEVEN-STRAND LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

DUBBEL VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

DOUBLE LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

DVDP / DLDP

SCOTT-HENRYSCOTT-HENRY

SH

SMART-DYSONSMART-DYSON

SD

BALLETROKBALLERINA

BAL

SH






GRO / GAL

TIROOL PRIEELTRENTINA TRELLIS

TIR / TT

FABRIEKSDAK PRIEELFACTORY ROOF TRELLIS

FAB / FT

SKUINSKAP PRIEELSLANTING TRELLIS

SK / ST

GEWELSTELSEL (DUBBEL SKUINSPRIEEL) - ENKEL / DUBBEL KORDONGABLE TRELLIS (DOUBLE SLANTING TRELLIS) - SINGLE CORDON / DOUBLE CORDON

GEW / GT

HUTPRIEELHUT TRELLIS

HUT



GROBBELAAR OF GALGGROBBELAAR OR GALLOW

GENEVA DUBBELGORDYNGENEVA DOUBLE CURTAIN

GDC

T-KAPT-TRELLIS

TS




Besproeiing / Irrigation

Ongeveer 63% van die totale wyndruif wingerd-stand van Suid-Afrika word tans deur middel van drupbesproeiing besproei. Ander vorme van besproeiing (droëland ingesluit) het drasties afgeneem sedert 2005.

Die koste van verskillende besproeiingstelsels word saamgevat in die meegaande tabel. Hier-die algemene riglyne sluit slegs die bogrondse materiaal en sublyne – wat sal wissel na gelang van verskillende blokuitlegte – in die blok in.

Approximately 63% of the total area under wine grape vineyards in South Africa currently receives drip irrigation. Other forms of irrigation (dryland included) have decreased drastically since 2005.

The cost of various irrigation systems are seen in the accompanying table. These general guide-lines only include the material installed above the soil, as well as sub-pipelines – which will differ according to various block layouts – in the block.

Ander nuttige inligting / Other useful information

KOSTE VAN BESPROEIINGSTELSELS / COST OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Stelsel System

Ry spasiering (m) / Row spacing (m)

1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.75 3.00 3.30

Drup 0.6m Gekompenseerd Drip 0.6m Compensated 50 571 47 812 45 974 43 215 41 376 39 537 37 698 36 779 34 940 33 101 30 343 27 584

Drup 0.6m Nie-Gekompenseerd Drip 0.6m Non-Compensated 36 702 34 700 33 365 31 363 30 029 28 694 27 360 26 692 25 358 24 023 22 021 20 019





Mikro (straalspuit) Direk op polypyp Micro (jet spray) Direct on polypipe 55 067 52 063 50 061 47 057 45 055 43 052 41 050 40 049 38 046 36 044 33 040 30 037

Mikro (Roteerder) op pen met sagte pypie Micro (Rotate) on pen with soft pipe

62 962 59 528 57 238 53 804 51 514 49 225 46 935 45 791 43 501 41 211 37 777 34 343

Permanente sprinkel (12m x 12.5m) Permanent sprinklers (12m x 12.5m) 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831 29 831

AANTAL STOKKE PER HEKTAAR / VINES PER HECTARE

Plantafstand in die ry (m) Plantdistance in row (m)

Ry Spasiering (m) / Row Spacing (m)

1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.40 2.50 2.75 2.80 3.00 3.30

1.00 5 556 5 263 5 000 4 762 4 167 4 000 3 636 3 571 3 333 3 030

1.20 4 630 4 386 4 167 3 968 3 472 3 333 3 030 2 976 2 778 2 525

1.50 3 704 3 509 3 333 3 175 2 778 2 667 2 424 2 381 2 222 2 020

1.80 3 086 2 924 2 778 2 646 2 315 2 222 2 020 1 984 1 852 1 684

2.00 2 778 2 632 2 500 2 381 2 083 2 000 1 818 1 786 1 667 1 515

Ryspasiëring (m)Row spacing (m)

Aantal rye/haRows/ha

1.80 55

1.90 52

2.00 50

2.10 47

2.40 41

2.50 40

2.75 36

2.80 35

3.00 33

3.30 30

STOKKIEPRYSE (SLEGS RIGLYNE) / VINE PRICES (ONLY GUIDELINES)

(Per Stokkie / Per Vine)

Standaard Wit en Rooi op P 1103, R110, R99 Standard White and Red on P1103, R110, R99 R13.54

Standaard Wit en Rooi op 101-14, SO4, Rug140 Standard White and Red on 101-14, S04, Rug140 R13.76

Colombar, Chardonnay, Sémillon, SA Riesling, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Muskadel op Ramsey, 101/14

Colombar, Chardonnay, Sémillon, SA Riesling, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Muskadel on Ramsey, 101/14

R15.85

Standaard Wit en Rooi op Ramsey, 143B Standard White and Red on Ramsey, 143B R15.83

Standaard Wit en Rooi op US8-7 Standard White and Red on US8-7 R15.85

Sultana op Ramsey Sultana on Ramsey R21.80

Makstok Rooted Scion R10.85

VOORBEELD HOE OM TOTALE VESTIGINGSKOSTE PER HEKTAAR TE BEREKEN / EXAMPLE HOW TO CALCULATE TOTAL ESTABLISHMENT COST PER HA

Koste per ha/ Cost per ha

Vyfdraad dubbel verlengde Perold. / Five strand double extended Perold. Eenhede / Units

Plantafstand/ Plant distance 2.4m x 1.2m

Grondvoorbereiding / Soil preparation R30 460

1 200mm 1-Toon Rip en 1-Toon kruis moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes**) / 1 200mm Rip and cross difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow width)

R19 900

Diesel verbruik/ usage (R12 liter) 880 L R10 560

Chemiese regstelling / Fertiliser R14 561

Ander/OtherNeem van grondmonsters / Soil samples

R14 000R561

Besproeiing/ Irrigation R42 558Drup 0.6 Gekompenseerd/ Drip 0.6m CompensatedSlootgrawer (Grawe van slote) / Diggerloader (Ditches in block)Dieselverbruik / usage (R12 liter)

R37 698R3 600R1 260

Prieelstelsel / Trellising R83 117

Vyfdraad dubbel verlengde Perold. / Five strand double extended Perold. R83 117

Plantmateriaal / Plant material R54 108

3472 x R15.83 (RAMSEY) R54 108

Vestigingsarbeid / Establishment Labour (R15.39 p/h) R26 163Besproeiing / IrrigationPrieelstelsel / TrellisingPlantmateriaal / Plantmaterial

200 h1300 h200 h

R3 078R20 007R3 078

Totale vestigingskoste / Total establishment cost R250 967

Besproeiingstipes / Irrigation types(2005 - 2015)

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

63%

12%

5%


KOSTE VAN MEGANISASIE

COST OF MECHANISATION

Metodiek / Methodology

Dit is onmoontlik om die loopkoste 100% akku-raat te bepaal, maar die volgende metodiek word redelik algemeen gebruik. Dit sluit sekere aannames in wat in samewerking met hande-laars aangepas is en die loopkoste meer toepas-lik maak tot die wynbedryf.

Operateurs word nie in berekening gebring nie en produsente moet self daardie komponent bybring. Alle kostes is uitgedruk in rand per uur (uitgesluit bakkies en vragmotors). Indien die koste per hektaar benodig word, kan die volgende formule gebruik word:

rand per hektaar = (koste in rand per uur) ÷

(hoeveelheid hektaar per uur bewerk)

It is not possible to calculate the running cost of implements 100% accurately; however the following methodology is commonly used. It includes certain assumptions which have been modified, in collaboration with dealerships, to be more suited to the wine industry.

Operators are not included in the running cost and should be included by producers. All costs are in rand per hour (except trucks and pick-ups). If the cost per hectare is required, the following equation can be used:

rand per hectare = (cost in rand per hour) ÷

(hectares per hour cultivated)

Waardevermindering: Depreciation:

(Aankoopwaarde - Skrootwaarde) ÷ Leeftyd (Purchase value - Salvage value) ÷ Lifetime

Versekering & Lisensie: Licence & Insurance:

1% van gemiddelde belegging ÷ Ure per jaar 1% of average investment ÷ Hours per annum

Rentekoste: Interest cost:

8% van gemiddelde belegging 8% of average investment

Herstel en onderhoud: Repair and maintenance:

Spesifieke % van Aankoopprys ÷ Leeftyd Specific % of Purchase value ÷ Leeftyd

Brandstof: Fuel:

Bereken met dieselprys van R12 Calculated with diesel price of R12

KOSTE VAN MEGANISASIE / COST OF MECHANISATIONHierdie kosteriglyne help produsente om die loopkostes van sekere wingerdmasjinerie te bepaal. Dit kan ook gebruik word om te bepaal of sekere implemente vervang moet word al dan nie.

Die besit en gebruik van enige implement gaan gepaard met ’n koste. Hierdie koste bestaan uit twee komponente, naamlik veranderlike koste en vaste koste. Die vaste koste bly onveranderd, of die masjien gebruik word al dan nie. Vaste koste sluit rente (geleentheidskoste), waardever-mindering, versekering en lisensiëring in.

Die veranderlike koste word bepaal deur die aantal ure wat die masjien/implement gebruik word deur die jaar. Dit sluit brandstof, herstel-werk, onderhoud en bande in.

These guidelines assist producers in determining the running costs of specific vineyard machinery. It can also be used to determine whether imple-ments need to be replaced.

The ownership and use of any implement or machine involves a cost to the producer. This cost consists of two components, namely fixed cost and variable cost. The fixed cost relates to ownership of the machine, whether it is used or not. This includes depreciation, licensing and insurance, as well as an interest component (opportunity cost).

The variable cost is mainly determined by the total number of hours the implement is used throughout the year. This includes fuel, repair, maintenance and tyres.


4 X

2 T

RE

KK

ER

/ T

RA

CT

OR

pK

hP

kW

Aan

koop

pry

sP

urch

ase

valu

e

Dep

resi

asie

Dep

reci

atio

n

Vers

eker

ing

& L

isen

sie

Lice

nce

&in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Bra

ndst

of /

Fue

lTo

tale

ver

and

erlik

e ko

ste

/

Tota

l var

iab

le c

ost

Tot

ale

loop

kost

e /

To

tal r

unni

ng c

ost

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

RR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r

43

32 2

47 5

31

19

1

14

34

17

54

60

69

70

77

86

104

1

11

120

52

39 3

01 6

78

23

2

17

42

20

66

74

84

86

94

104

1

27

136

1

46

55

41 3

18 8

60

24

2

18

44

21

69

77

89

90

99

110

1

34

143

1

54

60

45 3

81 0

81

29

2

22

53

25

76

85

97

101

1

10

123

1

54

163

1

75

63

47 3

98 0

18

30

2

23

55

27

79

89

102

1

05

115

1

28

161

1

70

183

68

51 3

75 4

89

28

2

22

52

25

86

96

110

1

11

121

1

35

163

1

73

187

71

53 3

90 2

14

29

2

23

54

26

89

100

1

14

115

1

26

140

1

69

180

1

94

75

56 4

73 0

12

35

3

27

65

32

94

106

1

21

126

1

37

152

1

91

203

2

18

82

61 5

15 2

45

39

3

30

71

34

102

1

15

132

1

37

150

1

66

208

2

21

237

84

63 5

62 6

01

42

3

32

78

38

106

1

19

136

1

43

157

1

74

221

2

34

251

92

69 6

16 1

83

46

3

36

85

41

116

1

30

149

1

57

171

1

90

242

2

57

275

95

71 6

34 0

43

48

3

37

88

42

119

1

34

153

1

62

176

1

96

249

2

64

283

4 X

4 T

RE

KK

ER

/ T

RA

CT

OR

pK

hP

kW

Aan

koop

pry

sP

urch

ase

valu

e

Dep

resi

asie

Dep

reci

atio

n

Vers

eker

ing

& L

isen

sie

Lice

nce

&in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Bra

ndst

of /

Fue

lTo

tale

ver

and

erlik

e ko

ste

/

Tota

l var

iab

le c

ost

Tot

ale

loop

kost

e /

To

tal r

unni

ng c

ost

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

RR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r

43

32 2

93 0

78

22

2

17

41

20

54

60

69

73

80

89

114

1

21

129

52

39 3

57 1

88

27

2

21

49

24

66

74

84

89

98

108

1

39

147

1

57

55

41 3

90 5

35

29

2

23

54

26

69

77

89

95

104

1

15

149

1

58

169

60

45 4

18 3

97

31

2

24

58

28

76

85

97

103

1

13

125

1

61

171

1

83

63

47 4

36 9

92

33

2

25

60

29

79

89

102

1

08

118

1

31

169

1

78

191

68

51 4

37 5

95

33

2

25

60

29

86

96

110

1

15

126

1

39

175

1

86

200

71

53 4

54 7

56

34

3

26

63

30

89

100

1

14

119

1

30

145

1

82

193

2

08

75

56 5

05 5

97

38

3

29

70

34

94

106

1

21

128

1

40

155

1

98

209

2

25

82

61 5

50 7

39

41

3

32

76

37

102

1

15

132

1

39

152

1

68

215

2

28

245

84

63 5

88 4

58

44

3

34

81

39

106

1

19

136

1

45

158

1

75

226

2

40

257

92

69 6

44 5

02

48

4

37

89

43

116

1

30

149

1

59

173

1

92

248

2

62

281

95

71 6

63 1

83

50

4

38

92

44

119

1

34

153

1

63

178

1

98

255

2

70

289


SLEEP PARSMASJIEN / TRAILED HARVESTER

Aankoopprys / Purchase value: R1 600 000

TonnegeparsTons

harvest

JaarliksegebruikAnnual usage

Waarde-verminderingDepreciation

Versekering& lisensieLicence &insurance

RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost

Herstel &onderhoudRepair &

maintenance

Veranderlikekoste

Variablecost

TotalekosteTotalcost

Ton h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

500 71 303 133 1 393 1 829 118 118 1 947

750 107 303 88 929 1 320 118 118 1 438

1000 143 303 66 697 1 066 118 118 1 184

1250 179 303 53 557 913 118 118 1 031

1500 214 303 44 464 812 118 118 930

1750 250 303 38 398 739 118 118 857

2000 286 303 33 348 685 118 118 802

2200 314 303 30 317 650 118 118 768

2400 343 303 28 290 621 118 118 739

3000 429 303 22 232 557 118 118 675

SPUITPOMPE / SPRAYPUMPS

Model

Aankoop-prys

Purchase value


Waarde-verminde-

ringDepreciation

RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost


maintenance

Totale kostesonder rente

Total costexcl interest


R h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

Bankiespuit / Berm sprayer 34 667 280 21 7 28 8 29 36

Onkruidspuit / Weed sprayer 36 270 280 22 7 29 8 30 38

Blower 1 ry / row (Hoë volume / High volume) 124 426 280 75 26 100 29 104 129

Nozzle 1 ry / row (Lae volume / Low volume) 165 250 280 99 34 133 39 138 172



SELFAANGEDREWE PARSMASJIEN / SELF-PROPELLED HARVESTER

Aankoopprys / Purchase price: R3 500 000

TonnegeparsTons

harvest



Versekering& lisensieLicence &insurance

RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost


maintenance

BrandstofFuel

Veranderlikekoste

Variablecost


Ton h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

1 000 91 630 212 2 223 3 065 245 156 401 3 466

1 250 114 630 169 1 779 2 578 245 156 401 2 979

1 500 136 630 141 1 482 2 253 245 156 401 2 654

1 750 159 630 121 1 271 2 022 245 156 401 2 423

2 000 182 630 106 1 112 1 848 245 156 401 2 249

2 250 205 630 94 988 1 712 245 156 401 2 113

2 500 227 630 85 889 1 604 245 156 401 2 005

2 750 250 630 77 809 1 516 245 156 401 1 917

3 500 318 630 61 635 1 326 245 156 401 1 727

4 000 364 630 53 556 1 239 245 156 401 1 640

SLEEPWAENS / TRAILERS

Model

Aankoop-prys

Purchase value



RenteInterest

Verseke-ring &

lisensieLicence &insurance

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost

Herstel &onderhoudRepair &mainte-nance

BandeTyres

Verander-like

kosteVariable

cost


R h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 3 ton 55 000 500 4.95 6.35 3.33 14.63 2.20 0.46 2.66 17.29

2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 4 ton 49 900 500 4.49 5.76 3.23 13.48 2.00 0.73 2.72 16.21

2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 6 ton 66 900 500 6.02 7.73 3.57 17.32 2.68 0.73 3.40 20.72

4 - wiel / 4 wheel 6 ton 126 200 500 11.36 14.58 4.76 30.69 5.05 1.46 6.51 37.20

4 - wiel / 4 wheel 8 ton 129 100 500 11.62 14.91 4.81 31.34 5.16 1.46 6.62 37.97

4 - wiel / 4 wheel 10 ton 140 200 500 12.62 16.19 5.04 33.85 5.61 3.47 9.07 42.92

Lugremme / Air brakes 10 ton 219 900 500 19.79 25.40 6.63 51.82 8.80 4.69 13.49 65.31

Lugremme / Air brakes 15 ton 242 000 501 21.78 27.90 7.06 56.73 9.68 4.69 14.37 71.10

IMPLEMENTE / IMPLEMENTS

Model

Aankoop-prys

Purchase value



RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost


maintenance

Totale kostesonder rente

Total costexcl

interest


R h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

Top masjien (1 ry) / Trimmer (1 row) 187 500 200 113 54 167 44 156 210

Ontblaarder / Leaf remover 215 000 200 129 62 191 50 179 241

Mulching 86 333 200 52 25 77 20 72 97

Bankieskoffel / Mechanical weeders 190 923 200 115 55 170 45 159 214

Krag eg / Power plow 115 000 200 104 33 137 40 144 177

Bossieslaner / Slasher 31 250 200 28 9 37 11 39 48

Snoei masjien (1 ry) / Pruner (1 row) 233 000 200 210 67 277 82 291 359

Snoei masjien (halwe ry) / Pruner (half row) 206 600 200 186 60 246 72 258 318


BA

KK

IES

/ P

ICK

-UP

S

Mod

el

Aan

koop

pry

sB

TW u

itges

luit

Pur

chas

e p

rice

VAT

excl

uded

Jaar

likse

geb

ruik

Ann

ual

usag

e

Leef

tyd

Life

time

Waa

rde-

verm

ind

erin

gD

epre

ciat

ion

Vers

eker

ing

& li

sens

ieLi

cenc

e &

in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Tota

le k

oste

(bra

ndst

of u

itges

luit)

Tota

l cos

t(fu

el e

xclu

ded

)

R

kmkm

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

Isuz

u

KB

250

Fle

etsi

de

241

500

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.0

4 0

.27

0.4

6 1

.77

0.9

8 2

.74

KB

250

D-T

EQ

Fle

etsi

de

268

200

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.1

5 0

.30

0.5

2 1

.96

1.0

9 3

.05

KB

250

D-T

EQ

LE

4X

4 3

54 4

00

30

000

210

000

1

.52

0.3

9 0

.68

2.5

9 1

.43

4.0

3

KB

300

D-T

EQ

LX

402

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.7

3 0

.44

0.7

8 2

.95

1.6

3 4

.58

KB

300

D-T

EQ

Ext

end

ed c

ab L

X 3

91 6

00

30

000

210

000

1

.68

0.4

3 0

.75

2.8

6 1

.59

4.4

5

Toyo

ta

2.4

GD

5M

T A

/C 2

79 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.20

0.3

1 0

.54

2.0

5 1

.13

3.1

8

2.4

GD

-6 R

B S

RX

6 M

T 3

33 1

00

30

000

210

000

1

.43

0.3

7 0

.64

2.4

4 1

.35

3.7

8

2.4

GD

-6 4

X4

SR

X 6

MT

395

700

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.7

0 0

.44

0.7

6 2

.89

1.6

0 4

.49

2.8

GD

-6 R

B R

aid

er 6

MT

393

500

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.6

9 0

.43

0.7

6 2

.88

1.5

9 4

.47

2.8

GD

-6 R

B X

tra

Cab

Rai

der

6M

T 4

27 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.83

0.4

7 0

.82

3.1

3 1

.73

4.8

6

Land

Cru

iser

4.2

D B

akki

e 5

86 8

00

30

000

210

000

2

.51

0.6

5 1

.13

4.2

9 2

.38

6.6

7

Ford

Ran

ger

2.2

Hig

h R

ider

XL

311

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.3

4 0

.34

0.6

0 2

.28

1.2

6 3

.54

Ran

ger

2.2

4X4

XL

376

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.6

2 0

.41

0.7

3 2

.76

1.5

3 4

.28

Ran

ger

2.2

Hig

h R

ider

XLS

357

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.5

3 0

.39

0.6

9 2

.62

1.4

5 4

.07

Ran

ger

2.2

4X4

XLS

424

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.8

2 0

.47

0.8

2 3

.11

1.7

2 4

.83

Ran

ger

3.2

Sup

erC

ab H

i-R

aid

er X

LS 4

12 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.77

0.4

5 0

.79

3.0

2 1

.67

4.6

9

Nis

san

NP

300

2.5

Td

i 2

29 9

00

30

000

210

000

0

.99

0.2

5 0

.44

1.6

8 0

.93

2.6

1

NP

300

2.5

TD

i 4X

4 3

36 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.44

0.3

7 0

.65

2.4

6 1

.36

3.8

3

NP

300

Hi-

Rid

er 2

.5TD

i 3

14 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.35

0.3

5 0

.61

2.3

0 1

.27

3.5

8

Nav

ara

2.5d

Ci K

ingC

ab X

E 3

76 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.62

0.4

1 0

.73

2.7

6 1

.53

4.2

8

Pat

rol 3

.0D

Ti B

akki

e 5

63 9

00

30

000

210

000

2

.42

0.6

2 1

.09

4.1

2 2

.28

6.4

0

VR

AG

MO

TO

RS

/ T

RU

CK

S

Mod

el

Aan

koop

pry

sP

urch

ase

pric

e

Jaar

likse

geb

ruik

Ann

ual

usag

e

Leef

tyd

Life

time

Waa

rde-

verm

ind

erin

gD

epre

ciat

ion

Vers

eker

ing

& li

sens

ieLi

cenc

e &

in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Bra

ndst

of /

Fue

lH

erst

el &

ond

erho

udR

epai

r &

mai

nten

ance

Vera

nder

like

kost

eVa

riab

le

cost

Tota

leko

ste

Tota

lco

stVe

rbui

k C

onsu

mp

tion

Kos

te

Cos

t

R

kmkm

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

km/L

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

Enk

el D

ryf

as /

S

ing

le D

iffer

enti

al

3.0

Ton

458

722

3

5 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.3

8 0

.43

0.7

6 2

.57

6.6

7 1

.80

1.3

0 3

.10

5.6

6

4.0

Ton

498

250

3

5 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.4

9 0

.47

0.8

2 2

.78

6.6

7 1

.80

1.4

1 3

.21

6.0

0

6.0

Ton

596

933

4

0 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.7

9 0

.49

0.8

6 3

.14

4.0

0 3

.00

1.6

9 4

.69

7.8

4

7.0

Ton

570

845

6

0 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.7

1 0

.31

0.5

5 2

.57

3.5

7 3

.36

1.6

2 4

.98

7.5

5

8.0

Ton

818

750

6

0 00

0 3

00 0

00

2.4

6 0

.45

0.7

9 3

.70

3.3

3 3

.60

2.3

2 5

.92

9.6

2

Dub

bel

dry

f-as

/

Do

uble

diff

eren

tial

14 T

on

1 0

57 1

00

70

000

300

000

3

.17

0.5

0 0

.87

4.5

4 2

.50

4.8

0 3

.00

7.8

0 1

2.34

Dub

bel

dry

f-p

erd

/

Do

uble

diff

eren

tial

ho

rse

25 T

on 1

322

600

7

0 00

0 7

00 0

00

1.7

0 0

.62

1.0

9 3

.42

2.0

8 5

.77

1.6

1 7

.38

10.

79

BA

KK

IES

/ P

ICK

-UP

S

Mod

el

Aan

koop

pry

sB

TW u

itges

luit

Pur

chas

e p

rice

VAT

excl

uded

Jaar

likse

geb

ruik

Ann

ual

usag

e

Leef

tyd

Life

time

Waa

rde-

verm

ind

erin

gD

epre

ciat

ion

Vers

eker

ing

& li

sens

ieLi

cenc

e &

in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Tota

le k

oste

(bra

ndst

of u

itges

luit)

Tota

l cos

t(fu

el e

xclu

ded

)

R

kmkm

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

Maz

da

BT-

50 2

.2 S

LX 2

85 9

00

30

000

210

000

1

.23

0.3

1 0

.55

2.0

9 1

.16

3.2

5

BT-

50 2

.2 F

reeS

tyle

Cab

SLX

299

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.2

9 0

.33

0.5

8 2

.19

1.2

1 3

.41

BT-

50 3

.2 F

reeS

tyle

Cab

SLE

349

900

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.5

0 0

.38

0.6

7 2

.56

1.4

2 3

.97

Volk

swag

en

Am

arok

2.0

TDI

274

700

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.1

8 0

.30

0.5

3 2

.01

1.1

1 3

.12

Am

arok

2.0

TDI 4

-Mot

ion

328

700

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.4

1 0

.36

0.6

3 2

.40

1.3

3 3

.73

Am

arok

2.0

BiT

DI T

rend

line

424

400

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.8

2 0

.47

0.8

2 3

.10

1.7

2 4

.82


KELDERKOSTES

CELLAR COSTS

KELDERKOSTES / CELLAR COST

2015

GrootmaatBulk Wine

VerpakPackaged

R/Ton R/L % R/Ton R/L %

Arbeid permanenteLabour permanent R221.9 R0.29 18% R1 001.00 R1.30 7%

Arbeid tydelikeLabour temporary R32.0 R0.04 3% R30.80 R0.04 0%

VersekeringInsurance R20.6 R0.03 2% R38.50 R0.05 0%

Bemarking en verkope uitgawesMarketing and sales expenses R51.3 R0.07 4% R3 103.10 R4.03 22%

Bottelering en verpakkingBottling and packaging R0.6 R0.00 0% R6 991.60 R9.08 51%

Chemikalieë, skoonmaak en filter materiaalChemicals, cleaning and filtration materials R215.9 R0.28 17% R92.40 R0.12 1%

VerspreidingDistribution R72.1 R0.09 6% R924.00 R1.20 7%

Diverse administratiewe uitgawesSundry administrative expenses R96.2 R0.12 8% R639.10 R0.83 5%

Diverse kelder uitgawesSundry cellar expenses R56.9 R0.07 5% R415.80 R0.54 3%

Elektrisiteit en waterElectricity and water R96.0 R0.12 8% R69.30 R0.09 1%

FinansieringskosteFinance charges R116.7 R0.15 9% R238.70 R0.31 2%

Huur betaalRent paid R19.9 R0.03 2% R77.00 R0.10 1%

Herstelwerk,instandhouding en kelder verbruikartikelsRepairs, maintenance and cellar consumables R110.1 R0.14 9% R92.40 R0.12 1%

Telefoon en posgeldTelephone and postage R3.5 R0.00 0% R23.10 R0.03 0%

WaardeverminderingDepreciation R146.6 R0.19 12% R92.40 R0.12 1%

TotaalTotal R1 260.3 R1.64 100% R13 829.20 R17.96 100%

Verhaling per tonRecovery per ton 770 770

KELDERKOSTES / CELLAR COSTSPwC voer sedert 2003 jaarliks ’n opname in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf uit. Hierdie hoofstuk sluit ’n uittreksel uit die ontleding van kostes verbonde aan grootmaat- en verpakte wyn in.

Die bevindinge is op die uitslae van ’n wesenlike aantal Suid-Afrikaanse produsentekelders geskoei, en word as ’n nasionale gemiddeld uitgedruk.

PwC has conducted an annual survey in the South African wine industry since 2003. This section includes an extract of the analysis of expenses attributable to bulk and packaged wine.

The findings are based on the results of a significant number of South African producer cellars and are presented on a national average basis.

64 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE

Met vergunning van PwC / Courtesy of PwC.

Tel : 021-873 2026 E-Pos : [email protected]

Web : www.hauptfleisch.co.za

Sedert 1933

Grondbewerking

Dambou

Presisie boerdery

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

R/T

on

811.83

970.69 958.16

1 058.2 1 075.85

1 224.31 260.25

Kelderkostes (Grootmaat) Cellar Cost (Bulk wine)

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

Grootste uitgawes per ton gepars / Major expenses per ton pressed

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

R/t

on

Arbeid/labour Chemikalieë/Chemicals Finansieringskoste/Finance Charges Elektrisiteit en water/Electricity and Water

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

178.21

221.86225.24

216.63230.98

244.18 253.91

154.35164.12

176.5

199.21 202.23

229.03

215.89

101.53 107.22 96.6288.58

76.42

95.06

116.69

36.48

54.2563.33

71.9 72.9982.68

96.02

VIN

PR

O K

ON

TAK

BE

SO

ND

ER

HE

DE

/ V

INP

RO

CO

NTA

CT

DE

TAIL

S

Per

soon

Per

son

Afd

elin

gS

ervi

ceS

tree

kR

egio

nTe

lefo

on

Tele

phon

eS

elC

ell

E-p

osE

-mai

l

Fran

cois

Vilj

oen

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Bes

tuur

der

Man

ager

021

276

0432

083

309

7627

viljo

enf@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Leon

Dip

pen

aar

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Bre

edek

loof

023

347

1566

083

455

5194

leon

@vi

npro

.co.

za

Han

no v

an S

chal

kwyk

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Paa

rl /

M

alm

esb

ury

021

276

0432

082

455

5192

hann

o@vi

npro

.co.

za

Pie

rre

Sny

man

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Wor

cest

er02

3 34

7 15

6608

3 45

5 51

91p

ierr

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Hen

nie

Vis

ser

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Rob

erts

on02

3 62

6 30

1708

3 45

5 51

93he

nnie

v@vi

npro

.co.

za

Con

rad

Sch

utte

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Ste

llenb

osch

021

276

0432

082

804

0422

conr

ad@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Ger

t E

ngel

bre

cht

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Olif

ants

rivie

rO

lifan

ts R

iver

072

152

4028

gert

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Joha

n d

e Ja

ger

Gro

ndku

ndig

e S

oil s

cien

tist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0432

072

139

9661

joha

n@vi

npro

.co.

za

Hei

nric

h S

chlo

ms

Gro

ndku

ndig

e /

GIS

Soi

l sci

entis

t /

GIS

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0432

083

480

2686

hein

rich@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Phi

lip B

owes

Tran

sfor

mas

ie &

Ont

wik

kelin

gTr

ansf

orm

atio

n &

Dev

elop

men

tA

lle s

trek

eA

ll re

gion

s02

1 27

6 04

3408

3 58

1 43

22p

hil@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Chr

isto

Con

rad

ieV

inP

ro K

eld

ers

Vin

Pro

Cel

lars

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0429

082

497

4987

chris

to@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

And

ries

van

Zyl

Land

bou

-eko

noom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0429

073

280

8703

and

ries@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Pie

ter

van

Nie

kerk

Land

bou

-eko

noom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0429

083

561

9465

pie

ter@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

VR

GR

AP

HIC

S •

TE

L 02

1 86

3 31

65

kostegids | cost guide 2017/18 - shop - vinpro · pdf fileb • vinpro kostegids / cost...

Documents