e-pos e-mail kostegids | cost guide 2016/17 -...

VIN

PR

O K

ON

TAK

BE

SO

ND

ER

HE

DE

/ V

INP

RO

CO

NTA

CT

DE

TAIL

S

Per

soon

Per

son

Afd

elin

gS

ervi

ceS

tree

kR

egio

nTe

lefo

on

Tele

pho

neS

elC

ell

E-p

osE

-mai

l

Fran

cois

Vilj

oen

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Bes

tuur

der

Man

ager

021

276

0432

083

309

7627

viljo

enf@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Leon

Dip

pen

aar

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Bre

edek

loof

023

347

1566

083

455

5194

leon

@vi

npro

.co.

za

Han

no v

an S

chal

kwyk

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Paa

rl /

Mal

mes

bur

y02

1 27

6 04

3208

2 45

5 51

92ha

nno@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Pie

rre

Sny

man

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Wor

cest

er02

3 34

7 15

6608

3 45

5 51

91p

ierr

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Hen

nie

Vis

ser

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Rob

erts

on02

3 62

6 30

1708

3 45

5 51

93he

nnie

v@vi

npro

.co.

za

Joha

nnes

Mel

let

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Kle

in K

aroo

023

626

3017

082

922

9547

mel

letj@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Con

rad

Sch

utte

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Ste

llenb

osch

021

276

0432

082

804

0422

conr

ad@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Ger

t E

ngel

bre

cht

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Olif

ants

rivie

rO

lifan

ts R

iver

072

152

4028

gert

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Kac

hné

Ros

sW

inge

rdku

ndig

e /

Opl

eidi

ngsb

eam

pte

Viti

cultu

rist /

Tra

inin

g O

ffice

rA

lle s

trek

eA

ll re

gion

s02

1 27

6 04

5308

2 30

9 76

18kr

oss@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Hei

nric

h S

chlo

ms

Gro

ndku

ndig

e /

GIS

Soi

l sci

entis

t /

GIS

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0432

083

480

2686

hein

rich@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Phi

lip B

owes

Tran

sfor

mas

ie &

Ont

wik

kelin

gTr

ansf

orm

atio

n &

Dev

elop

men

tA

lle s

trek

eA

ll re

gion

s02

1 27

6 04

3408

3 58

1 43

22p

hilip

b@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Chr

isto

Con

rad

ieV

inP

ro K

eld

ers

Vin

Pro

Cel

lars

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

429

0429

082

497

4987

chris

to@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Funz

ani S

und

ani

Land

bou

-eko

noom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

429

0429

078

084

1329

funz

ani@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

And

ries

van

Zyl

Land

bou

-eko

noom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

429

0429

072

280

8703

and

ries@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

VR G

RAPH

ICS

• TE

L 02

1 86

3 31

65

VIN

PR

O K

OS

TE

GID

S | C

OS

T G

UID

E 2

01

6/1

7

KOSTEGIDS | COST GUIDE

2016/17

B • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 1

’n Spesiale woord van dank aan ons borge wat die druk van hierdie Kostegids, asook die gratis verspreiding daarvan aan alle VinPro-lede en

rolspelers in die wynbedryf moontlik maak.

A special word of thanks to our sponsors without whom this Cost Guide could not have been published or distributed for free to all VinPro

members and role-players in the wine industry.

Orchard Suppliers • Netafim • Boshoff Visser • Santam Hauptfleisch Grondverskuiwing • InteliGro / Villa Crop

Samestelling / CompositionAndries van Zyl & Funzani Sundani

VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste / VinPro Agricultural Economic Services

Kantoor: 021 276 0429Sel: 073 280 8703 / 078 084 1329

[email protected] / [email protected]

Tel: +27 (0)23 347 [email protected]

Visit www.agrimek.co.za to �nd your nearest Orchard Agrimek dealer.Visit www.agrimek.co.za to �nd your nearest Orchard Agrimek dealer.

Agricultural Mechanisationistsmore machines make light work

The all new Oxbo 6120 now available with PremiumSort, an onboard destemming and sorting system, as an optional extra.The all new Oxbo 6120 now available with PremiumSort, an onboard destemming and sorting system, as an optional extra.

A HARVESTERFOR EVERYVINEYARD

A HARVESTERFOR EVERYVINEYARD

premiumsort

VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 3

INHOUD / CONTENTS

Voorwoord / Foreword ................................................................................................................ 5

Doel / Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 5

Wynbedryfoorsig / Wine Industry Overview .................................................................................................. 7

Koste van wyndruifproduksie (2015-oes) / Cost of wine grape production (2015 harvest) .................................................... 14

Kostestruktuur van top presteerders / Cost structure of top achievers ..................................................................................... 26

Teikeninkomste (2015-oes) / Target income (2015 harvest) ......................................................................................... 31

Oesversekering / Harvest Insurance ........................................................................................................... 34

Arbeidsriglyne / Labour guidelines ........................................................................................................... 37

Vestigingskoste / Establishment cost ......................................................................................................... 40

Koste van meganisasie / Cost of mechanisation ................................................................................................... 54

Kelders / Cellars ............................................................................................................................. 62

VinPro kontakbesonderhede / VinPro contact details ............................. Agterblad / Back page

Die samestellers van die VinPro Kostegids het deurgaans te goeder trou opgetree. Enige besluit voortspruitend, of aksie gebaseer op die inligting soos vervat in die gids, word op eie risiko gedoen. Nie die samestellers of VinPro kan verantwoordelik gehou word vir enige finansiële verlies weens so ’n besluit of aksie nie, terwyl enige finansiële wins slegs tot die voordeel van die gebruiker daarvan is.

The VinPro Cost Guide was compiled in good faith. Any decision taken as a result of, or actions based on information contained in the guide is solely at the user’s own risk. Neither the compilers nor VinPro are accountable for any financial loss due to such decisions or actions, while any financial gain derived from it is solely to the benefit of the users thereof.

Vrywaring / Indemnity


VOORWOORD / FOREWORDIn die strewe na ’n volhoubare en deelnemende wynprodusentegemeenskap bly die VinPro Land-bou-ekonomiese Diens verbind tot effek tiewe en waardetoegevoegde ekonomiese diens lewering aan VinPro se lede en ander rolspelers in die bedryf.

Die Suid-Afrikaanse wyndruifprodusent is die afgelope paar jaar blootgestel aan stygende insetkostes en dalende winsmarges, wat daar-toe lei dat die produsent se winsgewendheid onder geweldige druk verkeer. Met hierdie in ag geneem, openbaar die VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste jaarliks kritiese finansiële aanwysers wat regdeur die wynbedryf erken en gebruik word as ’n betroubare maatstaf. ’n Uit-vloeisel daarvan is die samestelling van hierdie meer gedetailleerde Kostegids – wat jaarliks in Mei opgedateer en beskikbaar gestel word – ter verdere ondersteuning van die produsent.

VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste• Lewensvatbaarheidstudies, koste- en wins -

gewendheidsanalises, asook skade bepalings.

• Koördinering van finansiële studiegroepe/Produksieplan – finansiële geheelplaas- en bedryfstak-analises op plaasvlak.

• Ekonomiese en bedryfsverwante artikels en aanbiedings.

• Versameling en verspreiding van verteen-woordigende landbou-ekonomiese bedryfs-inligting.

In the quest towards a sustainable and par-ticipating wine producer community, VinPro Agricultural Economic Services are committed to providing effective and value-added economic services to all members of VinPro, as well as other role players in the industry.

The South African wine producer’s profitability has been under enormous pressure over the past few years due to rising input costs, as well as low and decreasing profit margins. With this in mind, VinPro Agricultural Economic Services annually reveal financial indicators that are ac-cepted and used throughout the wine industry as a trusted benchmark. As an extension of its support to producers, VinPro compiled this more detailed Cost Guide, which is updated annually and available in May.

VinPro Agricultural Economic Services• Feasibility studies, cost- and profitability

analyses, as well as damage assessments.

• Coordinating financial study groups/Produc-tion Plan – financial analyses of total farm or operational enterprise.

• Economic and industry-related articles and presentations.

• Collecting and distributing relevant financial industry information.

Die hoofdoel van hierdie Kostegids is om sekere noodsaaklike ekonomiese aspekte in ’n eenvoudige formaat te verpak wat as hulp-middel kan dien vir die opstel van begrotings deur wyndruifprodusente. Weens dramatiese prysskommelinge is dit baie moeilik om sin-vol en akkuraat te begroot en kan hierdie gids as riglyn daarvoor aangewend word.

The main purpose of this guide is to provide wine grape producers with specific finan-cial indicators to assist them in compiling a budget. Due to the fact that prices vary dramatically, it is difficult to compile a budget that is both meaningful and accurate. This guide is a useful aid in compiling a more accurate budget.

Doel / Purpose

VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 7Santam is an authorised financial services provider (licence number 3416).

A modern farmer faces many challenges and takes on different roles to overcome them. You’re responsible for your farm, your workers, your assets, your home and your family. At Santam we understand just

how much a farmer does. That’s why we take an in-depth, scientific approach to protecting your crops and assets on and off the farm. Because we believe you deserve one-of-a-kind insurance.

For more information, call your broker or visit www.santam.co.za/products/agriculture.Santam. Insurance good and proper.

TODAY’S FARMERS KNOW MORE THAN JUST FARMING.

KIN

GJA

MES

346

46

36522_Agri Citrus Farmer Print Ad_210x148.indd 1 2016/05/05 10:25 AM

WYNBEDRYFOORSIG

WINE INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

8 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 9

VINPRO OORSIG / VINPRO OVERVIEWVinPro is die diensorganisasie vir nagenoeg 3 500 Suid-Afrikaanse wynprodusente en kelders en verteenwoordig hulle in gesprekke

met die regering en op relevante wynbedryf forums.

VinPro is the service organisation for close to 3 500 South African wine producers and cellars and represents them in discussions with

Government and on relevant wine industry forums.

Grondkunde & GISSoil science & GIS

Vititec (Edms) BpkPlantmateriaal / Plant material

Wingerdkunde Viticulture

Transformasie & OntwikkelingTransformation & Development

Wynkelders Wine Cellars


2015/16VR G

RAPH

ICS

• TE

L 02

1 86

3 31

65

VIN

PR

O K

ON

TAK

BE

SO

ND

ER

HE

DE

/ V

INP

RO

CO

NTA

CT

DE

TAIL

S

Per

soon

Per

son

Afd

elin

gS

ervi

ceS

tree

kR

egio

nTe

lefo

on

Tele

phon

eS

elC

ell

E-p

osE

-mai

l

Fran

cois

Viljo

enW

inge

rdku

ndig

eV

iticu

lturis

tB

estu

urde

r M

anag

er02

1 27

6 04

3208

3 30

9 76

27vi

ljoen

f@vi

npro

.co.

za

Leon

Dip

pena

arW

inge

rdku

ndig

eV

iticu

lturis

tB

reed

eklo

of02

3 34

7 15

6608

3 45

5 51

94le

on@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Han

no v

an S

chal

kwyk

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Paa

rl /

Mal

mes

bury

021

276

0432

082

455

5192

hann

o@vi

npro

.co.

za

Pie

rre

Sny

man

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Wor

cest

er02

3 34

7 15

6608

3 45

5 51

91pi

erre

@vi

npro

.co.

za

Hen

nie

Vis

ser

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Rob

erts

on02

3 62

6 30

1708

3 45

5 51

93he

nnie

v@vi

npro

.co.

za

Joha

nnes

Mel

let

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Kle

in K

aroo

023

626

3017

082

922

9547

mel

letj@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Con

rad

Sch

utte

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Ste

llenb

osch

021

276

0432

082

804

0422

conr

ad@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Ger

t Eng

elbr

echt

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Olif

ants

rivie

r O

lifan

ts R

iver

072

152

4028

gert

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Bra

ham

Obe

rhol

zer

Gro

ndku

ndig

eS

oil s

cien

tist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0432

072

070

3194

brah

amo@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Hei

nric

h S

chlo

ms

Gro

ndku

ndig

e /

GIS

Soi

l sci

entis

t / G

ISA

lle s

trek

e A

ll re

gion

s02

1 27

6 04

3208

3 48

0 26

86he

inric

h@vi

npro

.co.

za

Joha

n G

iliom

eeTr

ansf

orm

asie

en

Ont

wik

kelin

gTr

ansf

orm

atio

n an

d D

evel

opm

ent

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0429

082

714

1999

joha

ng@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Chr

isto

Con

radi

eV

inP

ro K

elde

rsV

inP

ro C

ella

rsA

lle s

trek

e A

ll re

gion

s02

1 27

6 04

2908

2 49

7 49

87ch

risto

@vi

npro

.co.

za

And

ries

van

Zyl

Land

bou-

ekon

oom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0429

073

280

8703

andr

ies@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Landbou-ekonomie Agricultural economics

RSA

R40

,00

INCL

VAT

INCORPORATING WINETECH TEGNIES INGELYF 1931 - 2016 | 85 YEARS MAY 2016

TECH- NOLOGY

T H E

I S S U E

DANIE DE WET OOR SUID-AFRIKA SE BEELD

SWAYING THE SWEDES

’N GEMEGANISEERDE ERA

THE MILLENNIAL EFFECT ON WINE MARKETING

9 7 7 0 0 4 3 9 6 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 4

PRUNINGPELLENC

PRUNINGTHE FUTURE OF

Kommunikasie/WineLand Communication/WineLand

FarmMS (Edms) BpkBestuurstelsels / Management Systems

Tegnologie-oordrag Technology transfer

Verteenwoordiging Representation

VinPro StigtingSosiale ontwikkeling befondsing

VinPro Foundation Social development funding

VinPro CapitalFinansiering van transformasie

Financing transformation

BEDRYFORGANOGRAM / INDUSTRY ORGANOGRAMDie wyn- en brandewynbedryf word deur twee hoof organisasies verteenwoordig:

The wine and brandy industry is represented by two main organisations:

Versamel, en versprei wynbedryf-statistieke en bestuur die Wyn van Oorsprong Skema. Statistics and Wine of Origin Scheme.

Koördineer navorsing & tegnologie-oordrag in die wynbedryf. Research & technology transfer.

Uitvoere-promotor. Bou generiese besigheidskapasiteit. Export promotor, builds generic business capacity.

VinPro en Salba word op die rade van drie wynbedryf besigheidseenhede verteenwoordig:

These organisations are also represented on three business units:

Hierdie organisasies dien saam met ander belangegroepe op: These organisations serve with other interest groups on the:

TRANSFORMASIE KOMITEE / TRANSFORMATION COMMITTEEKoördineer die aanwending van statutêre heffings vir transformasieprojekte.

Co-ordinates application of statutory levies for transformation.

3 500 lede / 3 500 members

Wyndruifprodusente, wynprodusente, landgoedere, produsentekelders.

Wine grape producers, wine producers, estates, producer cellars.

22 lede / 22 members

Vervaardigers/verspreiders & handels-merkeienaars, insluitend Distell & KWV.

Manufacturers/distributors & trade mark owners, including Distell & KWV.


Wingerdoppervlak in SA verbou (uitgesluit Tafeldruiwe)Area under vines (excluding table grape)

106 017 ha

Wyndruif-kultivarsWine Grape varieties

98 597

Primêre wyndruiweprodusentePrimary wine grape producers

3 314

Produserende keldersProducing cellars

559

Werkgeleenthede in die wynbedryfEmployment opportunities in the wine industry

289 151

Indiensneming op wynplase en in keldersEmployment on wine farms and in cellars

61 435

Stokkies onder verbouing (vinifera variëteite)Vines under cultivation (Vinifera varieties)

292.1

Ton geoesTons harvested

1 477 048

Liters geoesLiters harvested

1 154m

Gebruik word vir die produksie van wynUsed for production of wine

84%

Liter wyn verbruik in die binnelandse markLiters of wine consumed in domestic market

424.7m

Liters uitgevoerLiters exported

420.1m

% totale SA wyn word uitgevoer% of SA wine exported

43%

SA as % van die wêreld se wingerdeSA as % of world vineyards

2%

Posisie in die wêreld (oppervlakte onder wingerd)Size ranking in the world (area under vines)

14th

Posisie in die wêreld (aantal Liter)Ranking in the world (volume of wine produced)

8th

SA-gedeelte van die wêreld se wynproduksieSA contribution to the world’s wine production

4%

SA as % van die wêreld se uitvoerwynSA contribution to world wine exports (%)

4%

SA per capita wynverbruikSA per capita wine consumption

7.3L

Jaarlikse impak van die SA-wynbedryf op BBPAnnual impact of the SA wine industry on GDP = 1.2%

R 36.1 b

Primêre wynprodusente se inkomstePrimary wine producers income

R4.73 b

Staatsinkomste van BTW en aksyns op wynbedryfprodukteState income from VAT and excise on wine industry products

R5.27 b

SA Wynbedryf Statistieke / SA Wine Industry Statistics

Met vergunning van Sawis / Courtesy of Sawis.

PARTNERS IN WISE: VinPro, Salba, Winetech, Wosa, SawisCONTACT: [email protected]

WINE INDUSTRY STRATEGIC EXERCISE

The South African wine and brandy industry developed the need for a comprehensive, industry-wide strategic exercise that will help it to reach a desirable future state by 2025. WISE entails a robust and adaptable approach to drive profitability, global competitiveness and sustainability.

THEMES

Six main themes, or work streams were identified, which cover key aspects for development.

Economic empowerment & development

Market development & promotion

Knowledge & information development

Technology innovation & transfer

Social development & upliftment

Human resources development & training

PROJECTS

10 projects were identified to address the 6 work streams. These projects were repackaged into four toolbox items six game changers.

• Single SA wine information portal & search engine

• Price point analysis of supply chain packaged & bulk

• Implementation plan for learning & development in the wine value chain

• Realignment of research & development structure

Toolbox: creating an enabling

environment for business as usual

• Data analysis & market consumer research

• Wine tourism baseline study & strategy development

• Brand SA local marketing strategy

• Land reform & transformation plan

• Technology transfer & innovation strategy for the wine value chain

• Wine social compact

Game changers: changing

the industry landscape

game changers

VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 1312 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE

SAWIS StatistiekstrekeMap compiled by: Heinrich Schloms

SAWIS statistiekPhone: 083 480 2686 / 021 276 0432

www.vinpro.co.za


VinPro Agricultural Economic Services con-ducted comprehensive analyses in all nine wine districts in 2015, with the support of Winetech, the National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC), Standard Bank, Absa, Land Bank, FNB, Nedbank and Capital Harvest. The primary objective is still to determine the production structure, cost structure and profitability per district so as to determine the financial wellbeing of the producers.

Altogether 226 farming units from nine wine districts participated in the 2015 Production Plan survey. In 2015 the sample consisted of 22 545 ha (22% of the total South African area planted to grapevines in 2014), which produce 380 998 tons (26% of the total South African crop in 2015). The sample comprised 62% white and 38% red wine grapes and 59% of the tons were harvested mechanically.

The analysis applies to overall grapevine production (bearing and non-bearing hectares) and the cost analysis makes no distinction between cultivars and specific blocks. The greater majority of participants are diversified and differ with regard to farm size. The report represents industry average figures, calculated by determining the weighted average of all the participants. The Malmesbury district is always evaluated separately and does not form part of the industry average figures because this study group cultivates a large percentage of dryland vineyards which require an alternative production, cost and capital structure.

VinPro Landbou-Ekonomiese Dienste het in 2015 met die ondersteuning van Winetech, die Nasionale Landboubemarkingsraad (NLBR), Standard Bank, Absa, Land Bank, ENB, Nedbank en Capital Harvest diepte-ontledings in al nege wyndistrikte uitgevoer. Die primêre doel is om die produksie- en kostestruktuur en winsgewendheid per distrik te bepaal en sodoende die finansiële welstand van die produsente vas te stel.

Altesaam 226 boerdery-eenhede uit nege wyndistrikte het aan die 2015 Produksieplan-opname deelgeneem. Die steekproef het in 2015 uit 22 545 ha (22% van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse wingerdstand in 2014) bestaan, wat 380 998 ton lewer (26% van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse oes in 2015). Hiervan was 62% wit- en 38% rooiwyndruiwe en 59% van die tonne is meganies gepars.

Die ontleding hanteer die wingerdvertakking in geheel (draende en nie-draende hektare) en daar word nie onderskeid tussen kultivars en sekere blokke tydens die kosteontleding getref nie. Die groter meerderheid van die deelnemers is gediversifiseerd en verskil ten opsigte van plaasgrootte. Die verslag verteenwoordig bedryfsgemiddelde syfers, wat bereken word deur die geweegde gemiddelde van al die deelnemers te bepaal. Die Malmesbury-distrik word deurgaans afsonderlik geëvalueer en maak nie deel van die bedryfsgemiddelde syfers uit nie aangesien dié studiegroep ’n groot komponent droëlandwingerd verbou wat ’n alternatiewe produksie-, koste- en kapitaalstruktuur vereis.

KOSTE VAN WYNDRUIFPRODUKSIE (2015-OES) / COST OF WINE GRAPE PRODUCTION (2015 HARVEST)

Die 2015 rekord-oes en die impak op primêre wyndruifprodusente

se finansiële volhoubaarheid

Inleiding / Introduction

KOSTE VAN WYNDRUIFPRODUKSIE

COST OF WINE GRAPE PRODUCTION


Die jaarlikse koste wat aangegaan is om die 2015-oes voor te berei het uit kontantuitgawes en voorsiening vir vervanging bestaan, terwyl belasting, renteverpligtinge en ondernemersloon uitgesluit is. Die bedryfsgemiddelde totale produksiekoste (Malmesbury uitgesluit) het sedert 2014 met 8% na R41 635/ha in 2015 toegeneem.

The annual cost incurred to prepare the 2015 crop comprised cash expenditure and provision for replacement, and excluded tax, interest and entrepreneurial remuneration. The industry average total production cost (excluding Malmesbury) has increased by 8% since 2014 to R41 635/ha in 2015.

Die koste van wyndruifproduksie / The cost of wine grape production

Cash expenditure is specified as direct cost, labour, mechanisation, fixed improvements and general expenses. Total cash expenditure indi-cates a 9% increase since 2014 to R31 944/ha in the 2015 production year.

This increase is driven mainly by labour which is exceedingly higher than the other cost elements. This contributed to the increased component of wine grapes which were harvested mechanically, as well as increasing mechanisation of practices such as pruning. High production for the fourth consecutive year also contributed to the increase due to the need for increased inputs, so that wine grapes could be produced profitably for a specific wine style objective. Depending on the amount of mechanisation, the cost composition differs in certain areas, but the total production cost does not differ notably from one area to the next. Stringent cost management, with a balance between wine style objective and input requirement for each block, remains critical in cycles of sub-inflationary increases in income. Agricultural cost inflation was nevertheless clearly higher than the average South African inflation.

Kontantuitgawes word as direkte koste, arbeid, meganisasie, vaste verbeteringe en algemene uitgawes gespesifiseer. Totale kontantuitgawes toon ’n 9% styging sedert 2014 tot R31 944/ha in die 2015-oesjaar.

Hierdie verhoging word hoofsaaklik deur arbeid veroorsaak wat steeds vinniger as van die ander koste-elemente gegroei het. Dit het bygedra tot die verhoogde komponent wyndruiwe wat mega nies gepars word, asook al hoe meer praktyke, byvoorbeeld snoei, wat meganies han teer word. Groot produksie vir die vierde agter eenvolgende jaar dra ook tot die verhoging by weens verhoogde insette wat verlang word, sodat wyndruiwe winsgewend vir ’n spesifieke wyndoelwit geproduseer kan word. Afhangend van die mate van meganisering, verskil die kostesamestelling tussen sekere gebiede, maar die totale produksiekoste tussen die gebiede verskil nie noemenswaardig nie. Noukeurige kostebestuur, met die balans tussen wyndoelwit en insetbehoefte per blok, bly krities in siklusse van minder as inflasie-inkomstestygings. Maar landbou-inflasie was duidelik hoër as die gemid-delde Suid-Afrikaanse inflasie.

Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure

Totale kontantuitgawes / Total cash expenditure Totale voorsiening vir vervanging / Total provision for renewal

Totale produksiekoste / Total production cost

Totale produksiekoste / Total production cost

R9 691

R5 733 R6 108 R6 876R7 541

R7 937R8 139

R8 605

R9 080R9 439

R45 000

R40 000

R35 000

R30 000

R25 000

R20 000

R15 000

R10 000

R5 000

R02006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

R/h

a

2015

R15

599

R16

017

R16

702

R19

039

R20

648

R22

442

R23

812

R26

659

R29

235

R31

944

R21 332 R22 125R23 578

R26 580R28 585

R30 581R32 417

R35 739

R38 674

R41 635

R9 644 R10 187 R9 971R9 541 R8 444

R9 239

R11 502R9 448

R9 691

R7 367

R32 079 R30 865 R29 592 R26 227 R27 339 R39 011 R32 145 R36 254 R31 944 R22 068

Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal

Totale produksiekoste per distrik 2015 / Total production cost per district 2015

R60 000

R50 000

R40 000

R30 000

R20 000

R10 000

0

R/h

a

Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditure Bedryf / Industry

R15 599 R16 017R16 702

R19 039R20 648

R22 442R23 812

R26 659

R29 235

R31 944R35 000

R30 000

R25 000

R20 000

R15 000

R10 000

R5 000

0

R/h

a

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


R9 000

R8 000

R7 000

R6 000

R5 000

R4 000

R3 000

R2 000

R1 000

02006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Arbeid / LabourBedryf / Industry

Permanente arbeid / Permanent labour Seisoensarbeid & kontrakteurs / Seasonal labour & contractors

R/h

a

R6 076

R6 828

R2 755R3 134

R2 325R2 246R2 132R2 137R1 719R1 589R1 547

R5 616R5 272

R4 920

R4 459R4 097R4 219R4 185

R7 860

R3 342

R3 500

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

R02006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

R/h

a

2015

Meganisasie / MechanisationBedryf / Industry

Herstel, onderdele & reparasies (los bates) / Repair, parts & maintenance (moveable assets) Brandstof / Fuel

R1 468 R1 517 R1 586

R1 842R1 983

R2 243R2 136

R2 352R2 613

R1 106R1 252

R1 464R1 639

R1 533

R1 726

R2 040

R2 358

R2 594

R2 949

R2 646

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

R/h

a

2015

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

R0

Elektrisiteit / Electricity Waterbelasting / Water tax Administrasie / Administration

Algemene uitgawes / General expenditureBedryf / Industry

R2 287

R2 063

R1 768

R1 339

R2 302

R1 421

R1 254R1 176

R1 119R1 043

R1 427

R647 R655 R652 R681 R720R846

R931 R971 R926

R2 498

R1 541

R1 034

R1 072

R803

R1 019

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

02006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

R/h

a

2015

R1 176 R1 144R1 257

R1 506

R1 758 R1 655 R1 639

R1 839

R2 230

R2 428

R756R875

R1 012

R1 172R1 327 R1 382

R1 570

R1 831R1 981

R2 061

R344 R370 R424R549 R544 R592 R548 R589

R788

R929

Direkte koste / Direct cost Bedryf / Industry

Onkruid / HerbicidePlaag- en siektebeheer / Pesticide controlKunsmis / Fertiliser


Met die berekening voorsiening vir vervanging word items oor verskillende termyne teen die vervangingswaarde as volg afgeskryf:

Geboue 60 jaar

Wingerde 20 jaar

Los bates / produksiemiddele 7 - 15 jaar

When calculating provision for renewal, items are written off at renewal value over different periods:

Buildings 60 years

Grapevines 20 years

Moveable assets / means of production 7 - 15 years

Totale voorsiening vir vervanging het in die 2015-oesjaar R9 691/ha beloop – ’n styging van 3% sedert 2014.

Total provision for renewal in the 2015 harvest year amounted to R9 691/ha – an increase of 3% since 2014.

Die impak van verhoogde produksie is wesen-lik op die gelykbreekprys van die totale pro-duksiekoste in rand per ton. Die totale produksie-koste per hektaar, wat sedert 2014 met 8% gestyg het, het daartoe gelei dat die gelykbreek in terme van rand per ton van R2 186/ton tot R2 382/ton in 2015 toegeneem het. Anders gestel: Die eerste R2 382 wat die produsent gedurende die 2015-oes vir ’n ton druiwe ont-vang het, behoort vir totale produksiekoste aan-gewend te word. Geen ondernemersloon, rente of belasting is in berekening gebring nie.

The impact of increased production is significant on the break-even price of the total production cost in rand per ton. The total production cost per hectare, which has increased by 8% since 2014, caused the break-even in terms of rand per ton to increase from R2 186/ton to R2 382/ton in 2015. In other words: The first R2 382 for a ton of grapes received by the producer during the 2015 harvest, should be applied for total pro-duction cost. No entrepreneurial remuneration, interest or tax has been taken into account yet.

Gelykbreek / Break-even

Vervangingswaarde van kapitaalstruktuur / Replacement value of capital structureBedryf / Industry

2006 - 2015250 000

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000

0

Wingerde / Vineyards Vaste verbeterings (geboue) / Fixed improvements

(buildings)

Losgoed (produksiemiddele) / Moveable assets

(production means)

Totaal (grond uitgesluit) / Total (land excluded)

R56

033

R10

7 14

6

R32

272 R56

116

R23

612

R40

547

R11

1 91

7

R20

3 80

9

R5 733 R6 107R6 876

R7 541 R7 937 R8 139R8 605 R9 080 R9 439 R9 691

Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal Bedryf / Industry

R12 000

R10 000

R8 000

R6 000

R4 000

R2 000

0

R/h

a

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Produksiekoste word nie net tot kontantuit-gawes beperk nie, maar kapitale items moet ook oor tyd vervang word om die besigheid in stand te hou en dit verg ’n volhoubare besigheids-model. Trekkers, gereedskap, ander produksie-middele, wingerde en geboue word ouer en moet vervang word, dus moet die aankoop-waarde van die item oor ’n spesifieke leeftyd verhaal word. Deur die beginsel “voorsiening vir vervanging” te gebruik word ’n groter bedrag as in die geval van depresiasie verhaal. Dit spreek die probleem van reglynige waardevermindering tot ’n mate aan.

Production cost is not restricted to cash expen-diture, capital items also have to be replaced in due course so as to maintain the business as a running concern and ensure a sustainable business model. Tractors, tools, other means of production, vineyards and buildings deteriorate and have to be renewed, therefore the purchase value of the item has to be recovered over a specific lifetime. By using the principle “provi-sion for renewal” a larger amount is recovered than in the case of depreciation. To a certain extent this addresses the problem of rectilinear depreciation.

Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for renewal

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Samestelling van jaarlikse kontantuitgawes / Composition of annual cash expenditureBedryf / Industry

Direkte koste / Direct cost Arbeid / Labour

Meganisasie / Mechanisation Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements

Algemene uitgawes / General expenditure

17%

5%

19%

44%

15%

4%

20%

43%

15%

4%

21%

42%

17%

4%

21%

42%

18%

4%

20%

41%

19%

3%

21%

41%

18%

3%

20%

40%

17%

3%

21%

40%

18%

3%

20%

41%

18%

4%

20%

42%

18%

17% 16% 15% 16% 18% 19% 19% 17% 17%

R/h

a


Alhoewel die gemiddelde opbrengste verskil tus-sen die distrikte, asook tussen die verskillende kultivars, is daar nie ’n noemenswaardige varia-sie in produksiekoste nie. Dit gee aanleiding tot groot verskille in die gelykbreekprys ten opsigte van totale produksiekoste in die onderskeie dis-trikte en tussen die verskillende kultivars.

The average yields differ considerably among the districts, as well as among the various cultivars, while the production cost does not differ to the same extent. This gives rise to large differences in break-even price in terms of total production cost in the respective districts and among the various cultivars.

Beskerm jou gewas, verseker jou wins

OnkruiddodersSwamdodersInsekdodersByvoegmiddelsPlantgroeireguleerdersBlaarvoedingsmiddels

Villa Crop Protection het in ’n nuwe vennootskap met Land O’Lakes, Inc, ’n Fortune 250 maatskappy van die VSA getree.

Land O’Lakes se gewas-inset besigheid, Winfield Solutions LLC, sal deur middel van hul personeel en produkte, kundigheid en ondersteuning aan bestaande plaaslike bedrywighede bring.

www.intelichem.co.za / [email protected]: 021 873 6177

with us you are growing goodness

www.villacrop.co.za | Tel: (021) 873 6173

Koste effektiewe, omvattende gewasbeskerming, nou gerugsteun deur internasionale kundigheid en ondersteuning aan die Suid-Afrikaanse mark.

Voorsiener van gewasoplossings aan die Landbou-industrie

Gewasoplossings en -kundigheid Gespesialiseerde doelgerigte plantvoedingoplossings

Ondersteunende tegnologie Biologiese oplossings

28

23

18

13

8

3

-2

R3 000

R2 500

R2 000

R1 500

R1 000

R500

R02006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Ton/

ha

Ran

d/t

on

2015

Invloed van produksie op gelykbreek / Influence of production on break-even Bedryf / Industry

1 3911 420

1 709

1 9412 028

1 9102 042

2 186

2 38215

.34

15.5

8

16.3

1

15.5

5

14.7

3

15.0

8

16.9

8

17.5

0

17.6

9

17.4

8

1 446

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Ton/

ha

R6 000

R5 000

R4 000

R3 000

R2 000

R1 000

0

Ran

d/t

on

Paa

rrl

Wor

cest

er

Rob

erts

on

Kle

in K

aroo

Ste

llenb

osch

Olif

ants

Riv

(i)er

Ora

nge

Riv

(i)er

Bed

ryfs

gem

idd

eld

/ In

dus

try

aver

age

Mal

mes

bur

y

Bre

edek

loof

2 9282 097 1 955 2 1371 835 1 805

1 443

2 382

3 395

5 471

19.9

0

21.0

0

18.5

1

19.4

9

12.2

2

8.82

24.1

8

31.6

8

17.4

8

8.67

Invloed van produksie op gelykbreek per distrik (2015) Influence of production on break-even per district (2015)

Opbrengs / Yield (Ton/ha) Produksiekoste / Production cost (R/ton)

Gemiddelde opbrengs / Average yield Gelykbreek / Break-even (Rand/ton)


# Ingesluit: Voorsorgfonds, WVF, medies, beskermde klere, klerasie, bonusse, rantsoene, ongevalle / vergoeding kommisaris, ens.# Included: Provident fund, UIF, medical, protected clothes, clothing, bonus, ration, workman’s compensation comission, etc.

* Ingesluit: Bankkoste, ouditeursgelde, lidmaatskappe, sekuriteit, rekenaaronderhoud, professionele dienste, kursusse / opleiding, posgeld, telefoon, skryfbehoeftes, besproeiingsmonitering en diverse uitgawes.

* Included: Banking costs, bookkeeping fees, membership fees, security, computer maintenance, professional fees, training / courses,postage, telephone, stationary, irrigation monitoring and sundries.

PRODUKSIEKOSTE VIR WYNDRUIWE - KOSTE AS RAND PER HEKTAAR (2015-OES)PROUDUCTION COST FOR WINE GRAPES - COST AS RAND PER HECTARE (2015 HARVEST)

DISTRIK / DISTRICT Stellenbosch Paarl Robertson Breedekloof Olifants Riv(i)er Worcester Orange Riv(i)er Klein Karoo Bedryf/Industry Malmesbury

KOSTE STRUKTUUR / COST STRUCTURE Rand / Ha

DIREKTE KOSTE / DIRECT COST 5 898 4 231 6 903 6 546 5 691 6 241 3 999 5 108 5 744 4 232

SAAD / SEED 242 99 97 134 0 98 23 424 125 172

KUNSMIS / FERTILIZER 958 1 065 2 306 1 737 2 563 1 897 1 983 1 557 1 687 1 338

ORGANIESE BEMESTING / ORGANIC MATERIAL 9 75 106 831 350 327 100 319 250 16

PLAAG- EN SIEKTEBEHEER / PESTICIDE CONTROL 3 432 1 942 2 795 2 489 1 792 2 414 995 1 919 2 428 1 864

ONKRUIDBEHEER / HERBICIDE CONTROL 897 847 1 236 1 016 652 1 089 725 369 929 742

HERSTEL- EN BINDMATERIAAL / REPAIR AND BINDING MATERIAL 358 203 363 339 334 417 172 519 326 100

ARBEID/ LABOUR # 19 519 12 469 10 294 11 775 10 686 11 364 19 460 9 843 13 282 9 613

TOESIG EN BESTUURSHULP / SUPERVISION 2 755 1 489 2 282 2 393 1 758 1 854 1 812 1 362 2 081 875

PERMANENTE ARBEID / PERMANENT LABOUR 10 480 7 316 5 814 8 076 6 775 8 578 7 953 7 091 7 860 4 268

SEISOENSARBEID & KONTRAKTEURS / SEASONAL & CONTRACT WORKERS 6 284 3 664 2 199 1 306 2 153 932 9 695 1 391 3 342 4 470

MEGANISASIE / MECHANISATION 6 215 5 472 6 477 6 243 7 726 6 913 7 554 5 845 6 439 5 294

BRANDSTOF / FUEL 2 323 2 497 2 142 2 721 3 106 3 278 3 572 2 426 2 646 2 024

HERSTEL, ONDERDELE & REPARASIES / REPAIR, PARTS & MAINTENANCE 3 259 1 970 3 647 2 846 3 440 2 890 2 360 2 906 2 949 1 714

LISENSIES & VERSEKERING / LICENCES & INSURANCE 528 435 538 577 1 022 510 982 412 598 447

VERVOER GEHUUR / TRANSPORT HIRED 104 570 150 99 159 235 640 101 246 1 108

VASTE VERBETERINGE / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 1 469 889 843 1 723 823 1 333 847 368 1 136 727

HERSTEL & ONDERHOUD / REPAIR & MAINTENANCE 1 110 690 678 1 463 511 1 092 484 219 878 580

VERSEKERING / INSURANCE 358 199 165 260 312 241 363 150 257 146

ALGEMENE UITGAWES / GENERAL EXPENDITURES 5 911 4 278 5 074 4 577 7 218 6 228 4 395 5 061 5 343 2 203

ELEKTRISITEIT / ELECTRICITY 2 117 1 822 2 961 2 982 3 265 2 743 1 580 1 775 2 498 819

WATERKOSTE / WATER COST 815 635 920 201 2 200 1 742 1 257 2 248 1 034 529

GROND-, EIENDOMS- & MUN BELASTINGS / LAND-, PROPERTY- & MUN TAXES 384 226 177 247 326 307 246 160 270 117

ADMINISTRASIE / ADMINISTRATION * 2 595 1 596 1 016 1 147 1 426 1 436 1 312 878 1 541 737

TOTALE KONTANTUITGAWES / TOTAL CASH EXPENDITURES 39 011 27 339 29 592 30 865 32 145 32 079 36 254 26 227 31 944 22 068

VOORSIENING VIR VERVANGING / PROVISION FOR RENEWAL 9 239 8 444 9 971 10 187 11 502 9 644 9 448 9 541 9 691 7 367

WINGERDE / VINEYARDS 5 298 5 399 5 309 5 546 5 103 5 517 5 291 5 361 5 357 4 663

VASTE VERBETERINGS / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 1 058 657 856 1 032 1 232 1 085 645 689 935 598

LOSGOED OF PRODUKSIEMIDDELE / LOOSE ASSETS OR PRODUCTION MEANS 2 883 2 388 3 807 3 608 5 167 3 041 3 512 3 491 3 398 2 106

TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE 48 250 35 783 39 563 41 051 43 647 41 723 45 702 35 767 41 635 29 435

GEMIDDELDE OPP GEPLANT / AREA PLANTED (HA) 109 112 100 117 63 110 19 55 98 165

AREA ONDER BESPROEIING / AREA UNDER IRRIGATION (%) 92% 88% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 96% 34%

OUDERDOMSAMESTELLING / AGE COMPOSITION (%)

3 JAAR & JONGER / 3 YEARS AND YOUNGER 8.72 8.22 14.36 13.63 10.01 14.85 8.42 14.88 13.54 6.56

TUSSEN 4 & 7 JAAR / BETWEEN 4 & 7 YEARS 14.91 13.08 22.08 15.27 11.76 16.95 19.38 15.58 15.95 7.38



OUER AS 20 JAAR / OLDER THAN 20 YEARS 17.81 7.50 11.85 16.53 19.01 15.67 14.16 8.13 14.12 6.54

GEMIDDELDE OPBRENGS / AVERAGE YIELD (TON PER HA) 8.82 12.22 18.51 21.00 24.18 19.90 31.68 19.49 17.48 8.67

KONTANTUITGAWES / CASH EXPENDITURES (RAND PER TON) 4,423 2,237 1,599 1,470 1,329 1,612 1,144 1,346 1,828 2,545

TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE (RAND PER TON) 5,471 2,928 2,137 1,955 1,805 2,097 1,443 1,835 2,382 3,395


KOSTESTRUKTUUR VAN TOP PRESTEERDERS / COST STRUCTURE OF TOP ACHIEVERS

Topprodusente se jaarlikse kontantuitgawes (R30 870/ha) is minstens 3% laer as dié van die bedryfsgemiddelde (R31 944/ha), terwyl die voorsiening vir vervanging van hierdie groep teen R9 893/ha sowat 2% hoër as die bedryfsgemiddeld van R9 691/ha is. Die totale produksiekoste van die 50 topprodusente beloop R40 763/ha, dus 2% laer as die bedryfs-gemiddelde van R41 635/ha.

Top producers’ annual cash expenditure (R30 870/ha) is at least 3% lower than that of the industry (R31 944/ha), while the provision for replacement of this group at R9 893/ha is about 2% higher than the industry average of R9 691/ha. Total production cost of the top 50 producers amounts to R40 763/ha, 2% lower than the industry average of R41 635/ha.

PRODUKSIEKOSTE VIR WYNDRUIWE (R/HA) / PRODUCTION COST FOR WINE GRAPES (R/HA)

KOSTESTRUKTUUR / COST STRUCTURETop 50 2013R/ha

Bedryf Industry

2013R/ha

Top 50 2014R/ha

Bedryf Industry

2014R/ha

Top 50 2015R/ha

Bedryf Industry

2015R/ha

DIREKTE KOSTE / DIRECT COST 5 063 4 670 6 080 5 382 6 115 5 744

SAAD / SEED 109 110 133 75 207 125

KUNSMIS / FERTILISER 1 327 1 405 1 577 1 591 1 772 1 687

ORGANIESE BEMESTING / ORGANIC MATERIAL 569 316 779 315 297 250

PLAAG- & SIEKTEBEHEER / PESTICIDE CONTROL 1 963 1 839 2 310 2 230 2 613 2 428

ONKRUIDBEHEER / HERBICIDE CONTROL 594 589 812 788 830 929

HERSTEL- & BINDMATERIAAL / REPAIR & BINDING MATERIAL 501 411 469 383 395 326

ARBEID / LABOUR 8 751 10 639 10 216 12 001 11 982 13 282

TOESIG & BESTUURSHULP / SUPERVISION 1 648 1 808 1 720 2 039 2 018 2 081

PERMANENTE ARBEID / PERMANENT LABOUR 5 668 6 076 6 590 6 828 7 587 7 860

SEISOENSARBEID & KONTRAKTEURS / SEASONAL & CONTRACT WORKERS 1 435 2 755 1 906 3 134 2 377 3 342

MEGANISASIE / MECHANISATION 5 369 5 501 5 680 5 952 6 088 6 439

BRANDSTOF / FUEL 2 350 2 358 2 629 2 613 2 525 2 646

HERSTEL, ONDERDELE & REPARASIES / REPAIR PARTS & MAINTENANCE 2 208 2 352 2 334 2 594 2 751 2 949

LISENSIES & VERSEKERING / LICENCES & INSURANCE 522 497 532 523 599 598

VERVOER GEHUUR / TRANSPORT HIRED 289 294 185 222 212 246

VASTE VERBETERINGE / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 953 913 1 095 985 1 415 1 136

HERSTEL & ONDERHOUD / REPAIR & MAINTENANCE 721 635 875 763 1 173 878

VERSEKERING / INSURANCE 231 278 220 222 242 257

ALGEMENE UITGAWES / GENERAL EXPENDITURE 4 670 4 936 4 263 4 914 5 270 5 343

ELEKTRISITEIT / ELECTRICITY 2 245 2 287 2 036 2 302 2 453 2 498

WATERKOSTE / WATER COST 963 971 803 926 1 242 1 034

GROND- EIENDOMS- & MUN BELASTINGS / LAND- PROPERTY- & MUN TAXES 222 257 224 259 296 270

ADMINISTRASIE / ADMINISTRATION 1 241 1 421 1 201 1 427 1 279 1 541

TOTALE KONTANTUITGAWES / TOTAL CASH EXPENDITURE 24 806 26 659 27 334 29 235 30 870 31 944

VOORSIENING VIR VERVANGING / PROVISION FOR RENEWAL 9 509 9 080 9 503 9 439 9 893 9 691

WINGERDE / VINEYARDS 5 509 5 408 5 449 5 388 5 477 5 357

VASTE VERBETERINGS / FIXED IMPROVEMENTS 936 880 888 912 982 935

LOSGOED OF PRODUKSIEMIDDELE / MOVEABLE ASSETS OR PRODUCTION MEANS 3 063 2 792 3 166 3 140 3 435 3 398

TOTALE UITGAWES / TOTAL EXPENDITURE 34 315 35 739 36 837 38 674 40 764 41 635

KOSTESTRUKTUUR VAN TOP PRESTEERDERS

COST STRUCTURE OF TOP ACHIEVERS


Die samestelling van toppresteerders se kon-tantuitgawes verskil nie noemenswaardig van dié van die bedryfsgemiddeld nie. Die 50 top-produsente bestee meer op direkte kostes soos kunsmis en plaag- en siektebeheer, en begryp die risiko is te groot om te probeer bespaar aan die direkte insette wat aan die grootte en kwaliteit van die oes gekoppel word. ’n Ander voortdurende tendens is die mate van megani-sering om sodoende arbeid meer produktief aan te wend. Dit is nie net tot die oes van wyndruiwe beperk nie; meganiese snoeipraktyke raak al hoe gewilder. Maar daar is steeds produsente wat hul hulpbronne op konvensionele wingerdpraktyke toespits met uitstekende resultate.

The composition of top achievers’ cash ex-penditure does not differ substantially from the industry average. The top 50 producers spend more on direct costs, namely fertiliser and pest and disease control and realise that the risk is too large to try and save on direct inputs, which are linked to the size and quality of the crop. Another trend that persists is the extent of mechanisation in order to use labour more productively. This is not only limited to mechanical harvesting of wine grapes, because mechanical pruning is increas-ingly popular. Even so, some producers still focus their resources on conventional viticultural practices and achieve excellent levels of success.

Die verskil in die kostestruktuur van die top-produsente is slegs een van die drywers wat wins gewendheid beïnvloed. Die verbetering in wins gewendheid word aan verhoogde produksies met ’n hoër gemiddelde uitbetaling toegeskryf.

Beide die topprodusente en bedryfsgemiddeld beskik oor ’n aanvaarbare ouderdomsamestel-ling van die wingerd. Dit is meestal die toppro-dusente wat kan bekostig om nie-winsgewende wingerde te vervang en indien nodig te diversifi-seer met meer winsgewende vertakkings.

The difference in the cost structure of the top producers is just one of the drivers that impact on profitability; the improvement in profitability is ascribed to increased productions with an even higher average payout.

Both the top producers and the industry average have an acceptable age composition. It is mostly the top producers who can afford to replace non-profitable grapevines, as well as to diversify, if required, into other more profitable enterprises of the agricultural industry.

Wat doen top presteerders anders? / What sets top performers apart?

Die volgende korttermyn tegniese praktyke het oor die afgelope drie tot vyf jaar die winsgewend-heid van individuele wynprodusente ’n hupstoot gegee.

Snoeimetodes

In ’n poging om produksie te verhoog, poog produsente om oogladings tydens snoei te verhoog deur die toepassing van verskillende snoeipraktyke. Die aantal oë word toegeken met inagneming van die groeikrag – geiler stokke kry dus meer of langer draers en ’n hoër ooglading. Verskillende snoeimetodes/-stelsels word ook vir verskillende wyndoelwitte toegepas.

Lowerbestuurspraktyke

Lower word bestuur om vegetatiewe groei te akkommodeer sonder verlies aan vrugbaarheid en met behoud van kwaliteit. Groot fokus word geplaas op lig in die lower en suier-, top- en blaar breek-aksies word uitgevoer om te verhoed dat stokke te dig en onvrugbaar raak. Pro dusente poog ook om op arbeid te bespaar deur sekere praktyke uit te skakel of af te skaal. Só word wingerde onder andere meer toegelaat om oop te lê “sprawl” om voldoende deurlugting en belig-ting te verseker. Voorheen is voorkeur gegee aan vertikale lootposisionering “VSP” waar al die lote tussen die loofdrade ingedruk word en ver digting maklik kan plaasvind indien daar nie gesuier word nie.

Bemesting en besproeiing

Groeikrag het ’n groot impak op produksie en produsente pas hul bemestings- en besproei-ingspraktyke volgens spesifieke wyndoelwitte toe. Premium-blokke het matige groei en drag wat in balans is, terwyl bulkwynblokke sterker groeikrag het wat ’n groter lower en drag kan akkommodeer. Besproeiing en bemesting word hierby aangepas.

Blokke met hoër produksies word dikwels geas-sosieer met:

• Goedgedreineerde grond• Diep grondvoorbereiding• Meer stikstof (N)• Luukse watervoorsiening (nie te veel nie –

risiko van versuiping).

Tekortbesproeiing (“RDI”) word slegs toegepas indien die wynprys dit regverdig.

The following short-term technical practices improved the profitability of individual wine pro-ducers over the past three to five years.

Pruning methods

In an attempt to increase production, producers attempt to increase bud load during pruning by means of various pruning practices. The number of buds allocated depends on vigour – grape-vines that are more vigorous have more spurs or longer bearers – in other words, a higher bud load. Moreover, different pruning methods/systems are used for different wine objectives.

Canopy management practices

Canopies are managed to accommodate veg-etative growth without loss of fertility, while retaining quality. There is considerable focus on sunlight penetration within the canopy, and suckering techniques, topping and leaf removal are performed to prevent grapevine cano-pies from becoming too dense and infertile. Producers also attempt to save on labour by eliminating or downscaling certain practices. By allowing certain grapevines to sprawl in order to ensure sufficient aeration and light penetration, shoots do not need to be tucked into wires as required with vertical shoot positioning sys-tems. The latter practice could be responsible for too dense canopies unless proper suckering takes place.

Fertilisation and irrigation

Vigour has a great impact on yield; therefore producers apply their fertilisation and irrigation practices according to specific wine objectives. The growth and yield in premium blocks are moderate and in balance, whereas bulk wine blocks are more vigorous in order to accom-modate larger canopies and yields. Irrigation and fertilisation are adjusted accordingly.

Blocks with high yield are often associated with:

• Well-drained soil• Deep soil preparation• More nitrogen (N)• Abundant water provision (not too much –

risk of drowning).

Deficit irrigation (“RDI”) is applied only if it is justified by the price of the wine.

21%

38%

22%

3%

17%

19%

41%

20%

4%

16% 20%

20%

36%

21%

3%

18%

41%

21%

3%

18% 20%

21%

36%

21%

3%

17%

40%

20%

3%

19%

20%

35%

22%

4%

19%

18%

40%

21%

3%

19%

22%

37%

21%

4%

16%

18%

41%

20%

3%

17%

20%

40%

20%

5%

17%

18%

42%

20%

4%

17%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%Top 50 2010

Bedryf/ Industry

2010

Bedryf/ Industry

2011

Bedryf/ Industry

2012

Bedryf/ Industry

2013

Bedryf/ Industry

2014

Bedryf/ Industry

2015

Top 50 2011

Top 50 2012

Top 50 2013

Top 50 2014

Top 50 2015

Samestelling van jaarlikse kontantuitgawes / Composition of annual cash expenditures

Direkte koste / Direct cost Arbeid / Labour

Meganisasie / Mechanisation Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements

Algemene uitgawes / General expenditure


Belyn praktyke met die wyndoelwitWingerdbestuur het tot ’n groot mate verskuif vanaf slegs gehalte teen alle koste na wins-gewendheid teen die regte gehalte. Produsente belyn dus hul praktyke met die uiteindelike wyndoelwit en druiweprys. ’n Langtermynprak-tyk wat vorentoe ’n groot rol gaan speel, is die gebruik van nouer plantwydtes, en spesifiek nouer rywydte, wat meer rye per hektaar gee.

Alternatiewe prieelstelselsDie keuse van prieelstelsel het ’n baie groot impak op winsgewendheid, en hoewel nog in die beginfase, gebruik ál meer produsente alter-natiewe prieelstelsels of bestuur hul bestaande stelsel(s) anders.

Alternatiewe prieelstelsels kan:

• Produksie (ton/ha) verhoog deurdat ver-hoogde effektiewe blaaroppervlak ’n groter oes kan rypmaak

• Arbeidskostes verlaag, byvoorbeeld ooplê-stelsels teenoor VSP

• Sonligpenetrasie verbeter• Tot meer gebalanseerde groeikrag lei• Tot beter gehalte teen ’n hoër produksie aan-

leiding gee, vanweë groter effektiewe lowers.

Uitkap van nie-winsgewende blokkeLaer-produserende blokke of dié waarvan die drui we nie meer in aanvraag is nie, word uitgekap.

Doeltreffende arbeidsbestuurAs deel van beter algemene kostebestuur, word arbeid meer doeltreffend bestuur deur onder andere te meganiseer waar moontlik en gebruik te maak van meer opgeleide arbeiders waar hande-arbeid wel benodig word.

Plant nuwe wingerde aanSlegs winsgewende produsente plant tans nuwe wingerde aan, maar doen fyn beplanning vir beter produksies met betrekking tot die grond, kultivar, onderstok, klone, prieel, besproeiing, bemesting, snoei en lowerbestuur.

Tydsberekening van aksiesDie korrekte tydsberekening van verskillende wingerdaksies is baie belangrik – dit kan kostes bespaar en effektiwiteit verbeter. Feitlik alle ak-sies vereis ’n bepaalde tyd; verbeur dit en betaal die gevolge.

Align practices with the wine objectiveViticultural management has shifted to a large extent from quality alone at all costs, to profit-ability combined with the right quality. Producers are therefore aligning their practices with the eventual wine objective and grape price. A long-term practice that is set to play a significant role in the future, is the use of narrower plant widths, and specifically narrower row width, which gives more rows per hectare.

Alternative trellising systemsThe choice of trellis system has an enormous impact on profitability, and although it is early days yet, more and more producers are using alternative trellis systems, or manage their exist-ing system(s) differently.

Alternative trellis systems can:

• Increase yield (ton/ha), as a larger effective leaf surface area is able to ripen a larger crop

• Reduce labour costs, for example sprawling systems versus vertical positioning

• Improve sunlight penetration• Result in more balanced vigour• Result in improved quality and higher yield,

due to bigger effective canopies.

Uprooting of non-profitable blocksBlocks with low yields, or blocks with grapes that are no longer in demand, are uprooted.

Efficient labour managementAs part of improved general cost management, labour is managed more efficiently by means of mechanisation, inter alia, where possible, and where manual labour is required, by making use of more skilled labourers.

Plant new vineyardsOnly producers who make a profit are currently planting new vineyards, following meticulous planning for improved yields with regard to the soil, cultivar, rootstock, clones, trellis, irrigation, fertilisation, pruning and canopy management.

Timing of actionsCorrect timing of various vineyard activities can go a long way to reducing costs and increasing the effectiveness of operations, where late action often comes with extra costs. Just about every activity has it’s time; miss it and it will cost you.

TEIKENINKOMSTE

TARGET INCOME


Dit is van uiterste belang dat produsente en ander rolspelers in die wynbedryf weet wat die teikeninkomste per hektaar moet wees om te verseker dat redelike en aanvaarbare ekono-miese opbrengste gerealiseer word. Om die tei-keninkomste te bepaal word die totale produk-siekoste, ’n aanvaarbare ondernemersloon, asook ’n realistiese opbrengs op kapitaalbeleg-ging in berekening gebring. Sodoende word die teikeninkomste per hektaar bepaal, wat na gelang van verskillende produksies aange-pas moet word om teikenpryse vir spesifieke produkte te bepaal. Hierdie syfers is slegs ’n gemiddelde teikeninkomste per distrik ten opsigte van Produksieplan-deelnemers en die ideaal is dat elke produsent sy eie individuele teikeninkomste bepaal na gelang van sy plaas-grootte, kostestruktuur, ens.

TEIKENINKOMSTE (2015-OES) / TARGET INCOME (2015 HARVEST)

It is important that producers and other role players are informed of what their target income per hectare should be to ensure that reasonable and acceptable economic yields are obtained. Total production cost, entrepreneurial remunera-tion and a realistic return on capital investment are all taken into account to determine the total target income. After the target income per hec-tare has been calculated, it should be divided according to varying levels of production in order to determine target prices for specific prod-ucts. The target income guidelines shown here represent the average for all the participants of the Production Plan per district and producers should ideally calculate their individual target income according to their own cost structure, farm size, etc.

TE

IKE

NIN

KO

MS

TE

RIG

LYN

E P

ER

HE

KTA

AR

(201

5) /

TA

RG

ET

INC

OM

E G

UID

ELI

NE

PE

R H

EC

TAR

E (2

015)

DIS

TR

IK /

DIS

TR

ICT

Ste

llenb

osc

hP

aarl

Ro

ber

tso

nB

reed

eklo

of

Olif

ants

R

iv(i)

erW

orc

este

rO

rang

e R

iv(i)

erK

lein

Kar

oo

Bed

ryf

/ In

dus

try

Mal

mes

bur

y

Pla

asg

roo

tte

/ Fa

rm s

ize

4040

4040

4040

4040

4070

R /

ha

Tota

le k

ont

antu

itg

awes

Tota

l cas

h ex

pen

dit

ures

39

011

27

339

29

592

30

865

32

145

32

079

36

254

26

227

31

944

22

068

Voor

sien

ing

vir

verv

angi

ngP

rovi

sion

for

rene

wal

9 2

39

8 4

44

9 9

71

10

187

11

502

9 6

44

9 4

48

9 5

41

9 6

91

7 3

67

Teik

enin

kom

ste

na p

rod

uksi

eko

ste

Targ

et in

com

e af

ter

pro

duc

tio

n co

st 4

8 25

0 3

5 78

3 3

9 56

3 4

1 05

2 4

3 64

7 4

1 72

3 4

5 70

2 3

5 76

8 4

1 63

5 2

9 43

5

Ren

te o

p b

eleg

ging

(Ves

tigin

gsko

ste

- R

146

000

/ ha

)In

tere

st o

n in

vest

men

t (E

stab

lishm

ent

cost

- R

146

000

/ ha

) 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 1

1 68

0 9

416

Teik

enin

kom

ste

voo

r o

nder

nem

ing

slo

on

Targ

et in

com

e b

efo

re e

ntre

pre

neur

rem

uner

atio

n 5

9 93

0 4

7 46

3 5

1 24

3 5

2 73

2 5

5 32

7 5

3 40

3 5

7 38

2 4

7 44

8 5

3 31

5 3

8 85

1

Ond

erne

min

gslo

on (R

36 0

00 p

er m

aand

)E

ntre

pre

neur

rem

uner

atio

n (R

36 0

00 p

er m

onth

) 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 1

0 80

0 6

171

Teik

enin

kom

ste

per

ha

Targ

et in

com

e p

er h

a 7

0 73

0 5

8 26

3 6

2 04

3 6

3 53

2 6

6 12

7 6

4 20

3 6

8 18

2 5

8 24

8 6

4 11

5 4

5 02

2

TE

IKE

NIN

KO

MS

TE

RIG

LYN

PE

R T

ON

(201

5) /

TA

RG

ET

INC

OM

E G

UID

ELI

NE

PE

R T

ON

(201

5)

Pro

duk

sie

per

hek

taar

/ Y

ield

per

hec

tare

R /

to

n

5 1

4 14

6 1

1 65

3 1

2 40

9 1

2 70

6 1

3 22

5 1

2 84

1 1

3 63

6 1

1 65

0 1

2 82

3 9

004

8 8

841

7

283

7

755

7

942

8

266

8

025

8

523

7

281

8

014

5

628

10 7

073

5

826

6

204

6

353

6

613

6

420

6

818

5

825

6

412

4

502

12 5

894

4

855

5

170

5

294

5

511

5

350

5

682

4

854

5

343

3

752

15 4

715

3

884

4

136

4

235

4

408

4

280

4

545

3

883

4

274

3

001

20 3

537

2

913

3

102

3

177

3

306

3

210

3

409

2

912

3

206

2

251

25 2

829

2

331

2

482

2

541

2

645

2

568

2

727

2

330

2

565

1

801

30 2

358

1

942

2

068

2

118

2

204

2

140

2

273

1

942

2

137

1

501


OESVERSEKERING

HARVEST INSURANCE

OESVERSEKERING / HARVEST INSURANCE

Die afgelope seisoen het die wynbedryf ook deeglik kennis geneem van die klimatologiese impak en risiko gekoppel aan spesifieke gebeur-tenisse soos brande. Vir beplanningsdoeleindes het SANTAM ’n paar riglyne deur gegee en dit vind goeie aansluiting by die ander koste-items in hierdie gids.

Dekking beskikbaar:• Hael – die kliënt kies watter blokke verseker

moet word, bybetaling is per blok, slegs kwantitatiewe skade is gedek en dekking strek vanaf volbot tot oes.

• Brand – alle blokke per plaas moet verseker word. Die bybetaling is 15% van die eis be-drag.

• Alle dekking tree in werking 7 dae na datum van polis.

Versekerde waardes• Hael – kliënt bepaal versekerde waarde per

blok en wel as volg: aantal hektare X ton per hektaar X Rand per ton. Hierdie waardes moet realisties wees en alle eise wat mag ontstaan, word teen die versekerde waarde vergoed.

• Brand – die totale versekerde waarde word as volg saamgestel:

– Oeswaarde soos hierby aangedui.

– Infrastruktuur waarde (besproeiingstelsel, pale, draad, ankers, ens.).

– Hervestigingskostes (verwydering van beska digde materiaal, grondvoorbereiding, arbeid, pale/draad, besproeiingspype, stokkies, ens.).

Brandwaardes moet realisties wees, aangesien eise teen die werklike waarde of die versekerde waarde geskik word, welke die minste. Die oesgedeelte is gedek tot oestyd en die infra-struktuur/hervestiging vir ’n jaar. Polisse word jaarliks hernu.

Over the past season, the wine industry was thoroughly made aware of the climatological impact and risk related to specific events like fires. SANTAM has provided some guidelines for planning purposes, which tie in appropriately with the other cost items in this guide.

Cover available:• Hail – the client chooses which blocks must

be insured, excess payments are per block, only quantitative damage is covered and cover stretches from peak budding to harvest.

• Fire – all blocks per farm have to be insured, excess payment is 15% of the claim amount.

• All coverage comes into effect 7 days after the policy date.

Insured values• Hail – client determines insured value per

block and this is calculated as follows: amount of hectares X tons per hectare X Rand per ton. These values must be realistic and any claims that may occur, is remunerated against the insured value.

• Fire – the total insured value is compiled as follows:

– Harvest value as indicated herewith.

– Infrastructure value (irrigation system, poles, wire, anchors, etc.)

– Re-establishment costs (removal of damaged material, soil preparation, labour, poles/wire, irrigation pipes, grafted vines, etc.)

Fire values must be realistic, as claims are settled against the actual value or the insured value, whichever the lowest. The harvest portion is covered until harvest season and the infrastructure/re-establishment for a year. Policies are renewed annually.

Opsies in die wynbedryf / Options in the wine industry


Insurance costs• Hail – the cost is determined by the excess

payment option, which varies from 10% to 30%, as well as the district where the property is located. Tariffs are normally lower closer to the coast and higher moving further into the interior, as summer rainfall increases.

• Fire – the cost is 0.3% of the insured value, plus VAT, and applies for all districts. SASRIA can be added at an additional 0.0144%.

All premiums are payable 45 days after policy date, thus a single annual premium.

Damage determination• Hail – damage is determined within a week of

occurrence and settled.

• Fire – damage determination can be post-poned, until the total value can be correctly determined, but usually not for longer than ±30 days. Claims are remunerated at 85% of the claim amount, thus a 15% excess payment applies.

The above-mentioned guidelines can be discussed in greater detail with SANTAM and/or your broker.

Koste van versekering• Hael – die koste word bepaal deur die bybe-

talingskeuse, wat wissel vanaf 10% tot 30%, asook die distrik waarin die eiendom geleë is. Tariewe is normaalweg laer nader aan die kus en hoër verder binneland in, soos wat somer-reënval toeneem.

• Brand – die koste is 0.3% van die versekerde waarde, plus BTW, en geld vir alle distrikte. SASRIA kan teen ’n verdere 0.0144% byge-voeg word.

Alle premies is betaalbaar 45 dae na datum van polis, dus ’n eenmalige jaarpremie.

Skadebepalings• Hael – skade word binne ’n week na voorkoms

bepaal en afgehandel.

• Brand – skade bepaling kan uitgestel word, totdat die totale waarde korrek bepaal kan word, maar normaalweg nie langer as ±30 dae nie. Eise word vergoed teen 85% van die eis bedrag, dus ’n 15% bybetaling.

Voorgenoemde riglyne kan verder met SANTAM en/of u makelaar in detail bespreek word.

ARBEIDSRIGLYNE

LABOUR GUIDELINES


Arbeid is verreweg die grootste komponent van die wyndruifprodusent se jaarlikse kostes. Daar-om is die effektiewe bestuur van die arbeidsmag op die plaas baie belangrik. In die volgende tabel is arbeidsnorme vir sekere aksies saamgevat wat die wyndruifprodusent sal help met die beplan-ning, bestuur van, en begroting vir arbeid – beide permanent en seisoenaal – deur die jaar.

ARBEIDSRIGLYNE / LABOUR GUIDELINES

Labour is by far the largest component of wine grape producers’ annual expenditure. Therefore efficient management of the labour corps on the farm is of utmost importance. The following table includes labour norms for specific actions that will assist the wine grape producer to plan, manage and budget for labour – both permanent and seasonal – throughout the year.

Arbeidsnorme / Labour norms

ARBEIDSNORME / LABOUR NORMS

Tipe aksie / Type of action Man-ure per hektaar / Man hours per hectare

Vir eie gebruik /For own use

Wingerd uittrek / Vineyard uproot

Bosstok / Bush Vines 40 - 55

Opleiwingerd / Trellised Vineyards 1 100 - 1 400

Skoonmaak van grond / Field clearing 23 - 30

Skoonmaak van grond (trekker) / Field clearing (tractor) 25 - 35

Verwyder ou stokke / Uproot old vines 23 - 30

Wegry van stokke / Remove vines from site 25 - 35

Wingerdvestiging (Alle aktiwiteite) / Establishment (All Activities)

Jaar 1 / Year 1 900 - 1300

Jaar 2 / Year 2 1 000 - 2 400

Jaar 3 / Year 3 1 000 - 1 500

Wingerdvestiging (Gespesifiseerde aktiwiteite) / Establishment (Specified Activities)

Pale plant / Plant posts 320 - 380

Draadspan / Strain wires 70 - 90

Besproeiing installeer / Install irrigation 170 - 200

Opleistelsel oprig (medium tot groot) / Erect trellis systems (medium to large) 1 200 - 1 700

Saai van dekgewas / Sow cover crop seed 3 - 5

Plant van stokke / Plant vines 160 - 185

Lê van dekplastiek / Lay plastic covering 24 - 30

Groenlootontwikkeling / Green shoot development 230 - 300

Winterloot op raamwerk / Winter cane on framework 110 - 125

Oesbeheer / Crop control 65 - 80

Ander aktiwiteite / Other activities

Voorsnoei vir oplei / Pre-prune for trellising 30 - 37

Skoonsnoei vir bosstok / Clear pruning for bush vines 86 - 160

Skoonsnoei vir oplei / Clear pruning for trellising 105 - 120

Stompsnoei vir bosstok / Blunt pruning for bush vines 45 - 55

Stompsnoei vir oplei / Blunt pruning for trellising 42 - 62

Gesamentlike snoei (skoon en stomp) / Collective pruning (blunt and clear) 90 - 145

Suier intensief / Intensive offset 45 - 80

Suier ekstensief / Extensive offset 24 - 45

Lote deursteek / Plant shoots 20 - 36

Top van lote / Top shoots 15 - 25

Blare uitbreek / Remove leaves 20 - 30

Oesbeheer / Crop control 65 - 80

Oes van bosstok (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of bush vines (man hours per ton) 11 - 15

Oes van oplei (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of trellis (man hours per ton) 9 - 11

ARBEIDSNORME / LABOUR NORMS

Tipe aksie / Type of action Man-ure per hektaar / Man hours per hectare

Vir eie gebruik /For own use

Besproeiing in seisoen / Irrigation in season 20 - 35

Plaagbeheer (trekker) / Pest control (tractor) 60 - 75

Somerloofaksie / Summer foliage action 230 - 320

Skoffel / Hand cultivate 25 - 40

Minimum loon / Minimum wage

The minimum wage from 1 March 2016 until 28 February 2017 is as follows:

Minimumloonkoers vanaf 1 Maart 2016 tot 28 Februarie 2017 is soos volg:

Uurlikse loon / Hourly wage R14,25 per uur / per hour

Daaglikse loon / Daily wage R128,26 per dag / per day

Weeklikse loon / Weekly wage R641,32 per week

Maandelikse loon /Monthly wage R2 778,83 per maand / per month


VESTIGINGSKOSTE

ESTABLISHMENT COST

VESTIGINGSKOSTE / ESTABLISHMENT COST

Dit is wenslik om die volgende prosedures te volg ten einde ’n eenmalige, korrekte voorberei-ding vir die meerjarige wingerd daar te stel.

(In samewerking met Braham Oberholzer, VinPro-grondkundige).

GrondontledingsChemiese regstellings, soos die uitstrooi van die regte hoeveelheid kalk vir die regstel van die grond se pH en fosforstatus, gaan gepaard met grond-voorbereiding. In die meeste gevalle lei grond wat bekalk is tot ’n pH van 6 tot ’n betekenisvolle ver-hoging in wortelmassas van onderstokke.

Grondprofiel-inspeksieDie maak van profielgate vir grondklassifika-sie is nodig sodat beoordeel kan word watter bewerkingsmetode nodig sal wees. Grondver-skuiwingsmaatskappye werk vandag baie nou saam met grondkundiges en dring dikwels aan by produsente dat grondkundiges eers gronde moet besigtig of klassifiseer. Netjiese profielgate wat strek tot 1 500 mm en selfs dieper bied goeie aanwysers vir besluitneming.

Implementkeuse / Implement selectionWieltrekkers is lankal nie meer die oplossing vir diep grondbewerking nie, omdat kontak met die grondoppervlak te min is, genoegsame krag op die grond ontbreek en die wielglip moontlik grondkompaksie bevorder. Kruiptrekkers is die enigste kragbron wat suksesvol gebruik kan word, aangesien dit meer krag na die grond verplaas met minder kompaksie weens groter kontak tussen die rusperbande en die grondop-pervlak.

Die vestiging van wingerd is ’n langtermyn, kapitaal-intensiewe besluit waarmee die pro-dusent vir meer as 20 jaar moet saamleef. Dit is dus krities dat alle aspekte rondom so ’n besluit deeglik besin moet word alvorens dit geneem of uitgevoer word.

The following procedures are recommended to ensure once-off, correct soil preparation for the perennial grapevine.

(In collaboration with Braham Oberholzer, VinPro soil scientist).

Soil analysesChemical adjustments such as the application of the right amount of lime to adjust the soil’s pH and phosphorus status, go hand in hand with soil preparation. In most instances soil that had been limed to a pH of 6 led to a significant increase in the root mass of rootstocks.

Soil profile inspectionIt is necessary to create profile pits for soil clas-sification, in order to determine the required cultivation method. Nowadays there is excellent collaboration between earthmovers and soil scientists, the former often urging producers to have a soil scientist view or classify the soil beforehand. Neat profile pits up to a depth of 1 500 mm and deeper are very good indicators in decision-making.

Implement selectionTractors are no longer suitable for deep soil preparation, as their soil surface contact is in-sufficient, there is not sufficient power available on the soil and if used, slipping wheels could add to soil compaction. Bulldozers are the only source of power that can be used successfully, as they displace more power to the soil with less compaction due to the larger contact area of the caterpillar tyres on the soil’s surface.

The establishment of vineyard is a long-term, capital-intensive decision, which will have an effect on the producer for the next 20 years or more. It is therefore critical that all aspects sur-rounding the matter are thoroughly considered before the decision is made or implemented.

Grondvoorbereiding / Soil preparation


• Die grondklimaat moet korrek wees – ’n té droë klimaat lei tot groot kluite en ’n té nat klimaat smeer die ondergrond.

Gereelde evaluering van grondvoorbereiding is on-ontbeerlik. Profielgate moet gereeld gemaak word (hou slootgrawer byderhand), sodat vorde ring en kwaliteit deur kundiges beoordeel kan word.

Die koste van grondvoorbereidingDie moontlike kostes van verskillende grond-voorbereidingsaksies word in die volgende tabel opgesom. Let wel dat hierdie slegs riglyne is en dat die kostes sal wissel afhangende van grondtipe, implement-tipe en die spesifieke aksies wat deur die produsent verlang word. Die produsent moet verder self vervoerkostes in berekening bring volgens sy/haar eie situasie.

• The soil climate should be correct – a too dry climate will lead to large clods and a too wet climate will smear the subsoil.

Regular evaluation of soil preparation is es-sential. That means creating regular profile pits (keep trencher handy), so that progress and quality may be judged by the experts.

Cost of soil preparationThe potential costs of certain soil preparation actions are summarised in the following table. Please note that these are only guidelines and that the actual costs will differ depending on soil type, implement type and the specific ac-tions required by the producer. Furthermore, the producer must calculate the transport cost according to his/her own situation.

TIPE BEWERKING TYPE OF ACTION

DROË KOSTE (R / HA)DRY COST (R / HA)

DIESELVERBRUIK DIESEL USAGE

Caterpillar D8 / Komatsu D155




Rip maklike grond (wye aanvoorwydtes) Rip easy soil (wide furrow width) R 6 800 R 8 100 37% 45%

Rip moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes) Rip difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow widths) R 8 900 R 10 600 48% 55%

1 Toon Rip en 1 Toon kruis maklike grond (wye aanvoorwydtes) 1 Toe Rip and 1 Toe cross easy soil (wide furrow width) R 12 000 R 14 400 44% 48%

Rip en kruis moeilike grond (nou aanvoorwydtes) Rip and cross difficult terrain and soil (narrow furrow width) R 16 500 R 19 800 43% 48%

Diep meng- of skuifdol enkel aksie (sonder rip) Deep mix or delve plough (without rip) R 14 500 R 17 400 44% 48%

Rip en kruisdol (nou aanvoorwydte) Rip and cross delve (narrow furrow width) R 19 500 R 23 400 45% 48%

Enkel toon Rip en 3 toon kruis-mengrip Single blade rip and 3 blade cross-mix rip R 10 500 R 12 600 50% 55%

Spitdol vol oppervlakte (25 ton excavator) Spit delve full area (25 ton excavator) R 20 100 35%

Spitdol net op rye en opert (25 ton excavator) Spit delve only on rows and ridging (25 ton excavator) R 10 900 40%

Rye opert met bulldozer (D5-D6 Cat) Ridging of rows with bulldozer (D5-D6 Cat) R 9 800 26%

Ontbossing (D8 Cat) Deforestation (D8 Cat) R 4 200 - 6 300 30%

Wingerd uitrip met vlerk (D8 Cat) Remove vines with wing (D8 Cat) R 3 150 40%

Slootgrawer (CAT 27 ton) - werkstempo afhangend van grondtipe Excavator (Cat 27 ton) - work tempo dependent on soil type R 525 / uur 25L / uur

Tipe vermenging

Tans is die gebruik van slootgrawers, bekend as spitdol, ’n gemaklike opsie om te oorweeg. Daar is egter min gronde wat uitstekend gepas is tot die gebruik van die spitdol; daarom word groot masjiene eerder aanbeveel. Indien lae voorkom, weens onder andere drastiese tekstuurverskille (dupleksgronde), moet versigtig omgegaan word met ’n slootgrawer wat lae vermeng, en sal ’n skuifmengdol wat lae in posisie hou, beter gepas wees.

’n Skeurploeg en skuifmengdol se aanvoorwydte – die wydte tussen die implement se skare – moet ook voor die tyd bepaal word, hoofsaak-lik weens koste-implikasies en die nodigheid daarvan. Indien groot lense onversteurde grond tussen die aanvoorwydtes vermy wil word, sal hierdie keuse oordeelkundig gemaak moet word. Die lense kan gewoonlik met ’n kruisaksie ver-klein word. Indien daar tot dieptes van 900 mm bewerk word, moet die aanvoor twee-derdes opneem – dus 600 mm.

Tydperk van grondvoorbereiding

Die tydperk van grondvoorbereiding is baie belangrik. In té droë grond sal groot kluite, veral op die oppervlakte, breek wat ’n ongewenste situasie skep wanneer ingewerk word met dol-aksies. Die grondklimaat is byvoorbeeld geskik vir bewerking wanneer ’n balletjie grond gerol kan word en met geringe druk uitmekaar kan val. Klimaat en kalkbehoefte sal dan bepaal of die grond gekruisdol moet word of anders net ’n enkele aksie sal benodig. Die vorming van groot kluite kan beperk word deur benatting van die grond vir vier ure met sprinkelbesproeiing in die orde van ± 25 mm water en ’n toelating van 48 – 72 uur daarna vir uitdroging.

Opsomming

Die volgende moet in gedagte gehou word:

• Oormatige bewerking kan lei tot struktuurver-nietiging en die grond, wanneer droog, sal tot poeierstof bewerk wees.

• Té wye aanvoorwydtes lei tot swak vermen-ging met groot onaangeraakte grondbanke/-lense.

• Die bewerkingsrigting moet korrek gekies word met die oog op ondergrondse dreinering.

Type of mix

Currently the use of digger loaders, known as “spit” delve, is a good option to consider. How-ever, there are not many soils that are totally suited to the use of the “spit” delve; therefore large machines are preferred. If layers occur due to, inter alia, drastic differences in texture (du-plex soils), a digger loader should be used with caution, since it mixes layers, and one would prefer a finger mix delve plough, which keeps layers in position.

The furrow width – the width between the plough-shares – of a ripper and finger mix delve plough needs to be determined well in advance, mainly due to cost implications and the neces-sity thereof. If you want to avoid large lenses of undisturbed soil between the furrow widths, this will have to be a carefully considered decision. Lenses can usually be reduced with a cross action. If vines are planted up to a depth of 900 mm, the furrow should be take up two-thirds – in other words 600 mm.

Period of soil preparation

The period of soil preparation is of utmost im-portance. In excessively dry soils, large clods will break, especially on the surface, which creates an undesirable situation when the soil is trenched. The soil climate is, for example, most optimal for cultivation when a ball of soil can be rolled and falls apart with the slightest of pressure. Climate and lime requirements will determine whether the soil should be cross-delved or alternatively require a single action. The formation of large clods can be limited if the soil is wetted for four hours with sprinkler irrigation at ± 25 mm water, followed by a drying period of 48 - 72 hours.

Summary

The following should be kept in mind at all times:

• Excessive tillage can result in destruction of the structure and the soil, when dry, will have been tilled to a powdery matter.

• Excessively wide furrow widths result in poor mixing with large untouched soil banks/lenses.

• Cultivation row should be selected correctly with a view to drain the subsoil.


VE

RT

IKA

LE P

RIE

ELS

TE

LSE

LS /

VE

RT

ICA

L T

RE

LLIS

ING

SY

ST

EM

S

Prie

elst

else

l / T

relli

s sy

stem

Paa

lP

ole

Ry-

spas

ierin

g /

Row

sp

acin

g

1.8

1.9

22.

12.

22.

32.

42.

52.

62.

752.

82.

93

3.1

3.2

3.3

Een

dra

ad H

eini

ngO

ne s

tran

d h

edge

1.2m

(50

-75)

26

234

24

804

23

858

22

428

21

482

20

514

19

568

19

084

18

138

17

192

16

708

16

224

15

762

15

278

14

794

14

332

Twee

dra

ad H

eini

ngTw

o st

rand

hed

ge1.

2m (5

0 -7

5) 2

8 09

3 2

6 56

2 2

5 54

8 2

4 01

7 2

3 00

3 2

1 96

8 2

0 95

4 2

0 43

6 1

9 42

3 1

8 40

9 1

7 89

1 1

7 37

4 1

6 87

7 1

6 36

0 1

5 84

2 1

5 34

6

Drie

dra

ad H

eini

ngTh

ree

stra

nd h

edge

2.1m

(75

- 10

0) 7

5 77

1 7

1 63

9 6

8 90

6 6

4 77

5 6

2 04

2 5

9 24

4 5

6 51

1 5

5 11

2 5

2 37

9 4

9 64

6 4

8 24

7 4

6 84

8 4

5 51

5 4

4 11

5 4

2 71

6 4

1 38

3

Vie

rdra

ad H

eini

ngFo

ur s

tran

d h

edge

2.1m

(75

- 10

0) 7

7 63

0 7

3 39

7 7

0 59

6 6

6 36

3 6

3 56

3 6

0 69

7 5

7 89

7 5

6 46

4 5

3 66

3 5

0 86

3 4

9 43

0 4

7 99

7 4

6 63

0 4

5 19

7 4

3 76

4 4

2 39

7

Vyf

dra

ad H

eini

ngFi

ve s

tran

d h

edge

2.4m

(50

- 75

) 6

2 99

5 5

9 56

5 5

7 29

2 5

3 86

1 5

1 58

8 4

9 27

3 4

7 00

0 4

5 84

2 4

3 56

9 4

2 41

1 4

0 13

9 3

8 98

1 3

7 86

6 3

6 70

8 3

5 55

0 3

4 43

5

Per

old

1.8m

(100

- 1

25)

81

817

77

355

74

405

69

943

66

993

63

969

61

019

59

508

56

557

53

607

52

095

50

584

49

145

47

634

46

122

44

683

Dub

bel

Per

old

Dou

ble

Per

old

1.8m

(100

- 1

25)

84

530

79

920

76

871

72

261

69

213

66

090

63

042

61

481

58

432

55

383

53

822

52

261

50

773

49

212

47

651

46

163

Sku

ifbar

e P

erol

dM

ovab

le P

erol

d2.

1m (1

00 -

125

) 9

0 64

7 8

5 70

3 8

2 43

4 7

7 49

0 7

4 22

1 7

0 87

2 6

7 60

3 6

5 92

8 6

2 65

9 5

9 39

0 5

7 71

5 5

6 04

0 5

4 44

6 5

2 77

1 5

1 09

6 4

9 50

2

Vie

rdra

ad v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dFo

ur s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.1m

(125

- 1

50)

115

381

1

09 0

87

104

928

9

8 63

4 9

4 47

6 9

0 20

4 8

6 04

6 8

3 91

0 7

9 75

2 7

5 59

3 7

3 45

8 7

1 32

2 6

9 29

9 6

7 16

4 6

5 02

8 6

3 00

5

Vyf

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dFi

ve s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.1m

(125

- 1

50)

113

780

1

07 5

75

103

476

9

7 27

1 9

3 17

2 8

8 96

0 8

4 86

1 8

2 75

5 7

8 65

6 7

4 55

7 7

2 45

1 7

0 34

5 6

8 35

2 6

6 24

6 6

4 14

0 6

2 14

7

Vyf

dra

ad s

kuifb

are

verle

ngd

e P

erol

dM

ovab

le fi

ve s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.1m

(100

- 1

25)

91

684

86

686

83

380

78

382

75

076

71

690

68

384

66

691

63

386

60

080

58

387

56

694

55

082

53

388

51

695

50

083

Ses

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dS

ix s

tran

d e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

107

934

1

02 0

49

98

158

92

273

88

383

84

391

80

501

78

506

74

615

70

725

68

730

66

734

64

840

62

844

60

848

58

954

Vyf

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e d

ubb

el p

erol

dFi

ve s

tran

d e

xten

ded

dou

ble

Per

old

2.1m

(100

- 1

25)

92

538

87

493

84

156

79

111

75

775

72

357

69

021

67

312

63

975

60

639

58

930

57

222

55

594

53

885

52

176

50

549

Ses

dra

ad d

ubb

el v

erle

ngd

e p

erol

dS

ix s

tran

d d

oub

le e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

111

441

1

05 3

64

101

347

9

5 27

0 9

1 25

2 8

7 13

3 8

3 11

6 8

1 05

6 7

7 03

9 7

3 02

1 7

0 96

2 6

8 90

2 6

6 94

4 6

4 88

5 6

2 82

5 6

0 86

7

Vyf

dra

ad d

ubb

el v

erle

ngd

e P

erol

dFi

ve s

tran

d d

oub

le e

xten

ded

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

109

582

1

03 6

07

99

657

93

681

89

731

85

680

81

730

79

704

75

754

71

804

69

779

67

753

65

829

63

803

61

777

59

853

Ses

dra

ad v

erle

ngd

e d

ubb

el p

erol

dS

ix s

tran

d e

xten

ded

dou

ble

Per

old

2.4m

(100

- 1

25)

112

295

1

06 1

72

102

123

9

5 99

9 9

1 95

1 8

7 80

1 8

3 75

2 8

1 67

7 7

7 62

9 7

3 58

0 7

1 50

5 6

9 43

0 6

7 45

6 6

5 38

1 6

3 30

6 6

1 33

3

Sew

edra

ad v

erle

ngd

e d

ubb

el p

erol

dS

even

str

and

ext

end

ed d

oub

le P

erol

d2.

7m (1

00 -

125

) 1

24 7

21

117

919

1

13 4

22

106

620

1

02 1

23

97

514

93

017

90

712

86

215

81

717

79

413

77

109

74

916

72

611

70

307

68

114

Sew

edra

ad d

ubb

el v

erle

ngd

e p

erol

dS

even

str

and

dou

ble

ext

end

ed P

erol

d2.

7m (1

00 -

125

) 1

23 8

67

117

112

1

12 6

46

105

890

1

01 4

24

96

846

92

380

90

091

85

625

81

159

78

870

76

581

74

403

72

115

69

826

67

648

Sm

art

Dys

on2.

4m (1

00 -

125

)–

– –

–

–

– 8

3 11

6 8

1 05

6 7

7 03

9 7

3 02

1 7

0 96

2 6

8 90

2 6

6 94

4 6

4 88

5 6

2 82

5 6

0 86

7

Meg

anie

se s

tels

el (H

igh

Wire

)M

echa

nica

l tre

llis

(Hig

h W

ire)

1.8m

(100

- 1

25)

– –

– –

–

–

56

408

55

009

52

283

49

558

48

159

46

760

45

434

44

034

42

635

41

309

Die koste van prieelstelsels word bereken deur die nuutste pryse (BTW uitgesluit) vanaf verskeie verskaffers van pale, draad en ander materiaal te verkry. Die gemiddelde pryse word in ’n teo retiese model ingevoeg om die koste van verskillende prieelstelsels met verskillende paallengtes, paal-spasiërings, ens te bepaal. Dit bly dus teo retiese bedrae en kan van werklike kostes verskil. Vir ’n meer akkurate kosteberekening van prieel-stelselkoste, kontak die samestellers.

Vir vertikale prieelstelsels is die pale in 6 m-vakke geplant en vir die alternatiewe stelsels is die vakke 7.5 m. Kontak die samestellers gerus om u unieke prieelstelselkoste te bepaal met verskillende vaklengtes, paallengtes en -diktes.

The cost of a trellis system is calculated by ob-taining the latest prices (VAT excluded) for the poles, wire and other materials from a number of suppliers. These prices are entered into a theoretical model to calculate the cost of various trellis systems with different pole lengths, pole spacings, etc. These are therefore theoretical costs and may differ from actual costs. For a more accurate cost calculation of different trellis systems, please contact the compilers.

For the vertical trellis systems a pole spacing of 6 m is used and 7.5 m for alternative trellis systems. Feel free to contact the compilers to calculate your unique trellis system cost with different pole types and spacing.

Koste van prieelstelsels / Cost of trellis systems

Daar mag soms verwarring voorkom tussen die benamings en konstruksies van verskillende vertikale prieelstelsels. Ten einde enige verwar-ring uit te skakel word ’n skematiese voorstelling van die stelsels voorsien met die voorgestelde benamings en afkortings.

There may be some confusion regarding the names and constructions of different vertical trellis systems. To eliminate any confusion, a schematic representation of the systems is provided, with their names and abbreviations.

ALTERNATIEWE PRIEELSTELSELS / ALTERNATIVE TRELLIS SYSTEMS

Tipe stelselType of system

PaalPole

Ry-spasiering / Row -spacing

2.1 2.5 2.75 3 3.3

Skuinskap 1.5m KappaalSlanting trellis - 1.5 m slanting pole 2.4m (50 - 75) – – 54 454 48 601 44 194

Skuinskap 1.8m KappaalSlanting trellis - 1.8 m slanting pole 2.4m (50 - 75) – – 58 440 53 581 48 721

Gewelstelsel 2.1m PaalGable system 2.1m Pole 2.1m (75 - 100) – – 86 417 79 512 72 169

Fabrieksdak 2.1m PaalFactory roof 2.1m Pole 2.1m (75 - 100) – – 71 524 64 744 60 142

U-stelselU-system 2.1m (75 - 100) – – – 94 131 83 622

DraadgewelWire gable 2.1m (50 - 75) – – 65 225 – –

LierstelselLyre system 2.4m (100 - 125) – – – 112 836 –

Scott Henry 2.7m (75 - 100) 71 265 60 695 54 634 50 092 45 550

Grobbelaar 2.1m (75 - 100) – 81 501 75 418 69 334 66 376

T - KapT - System 2.4m (75 - 100) – 77 957 72 138 66 319 63 490

PRIEELSTELSELS / TRELLIS SYSTEMS

PEROLD

P

SP / MP 4VP / 4LP OVP / ILP 5VP / 5LP

SKUIFBARE PEROLDMOVEABLE PEROLD

VIERDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLDFOUR-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD

OMGEKEERDE VERLENGDE PEROLDINVERTED LENGTHENED PEROLD

VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLDFIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD

S5VP / M5LP 6VP /6LP 5DVP / 5DLP 6DVP / 6DLP

SKUIFBARE VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLD

MOVABLE FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED PEROLD

SESDRAAD VERLENGDE PEROLDSIX-STRAND LENGTHENED

PEROLD

VYFDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLD

FIVE-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED PEROLD

SESDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLD

SIX-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTH-ENED PEROLD

7DVP / 7DLP

SEWEDRAAD DUBBEL VERLENGDE PEROLDSEVEN-STRAND DOUBLE LENGTHENED PEROLD

BOSSTOK (GOBLET)BUSH VINE

STOK-BY-PAALTJIEPOSTED VINE

EENDRAAD HEININGONE-STRAND HEDGE

TWEEDRAAD HEININGTWO-STRAND HEDGE

DRIEDRAAD HEININGTHREE-STRAND HEDGE

VIERDRAAD HEININGFOUR-STRAND HEDGE

VYFDRAAD HEININGFIVE-STRAND HEDGE

1H 2H 3H

4H 5H

SBP / PVBOS / BV

EENDRAAD HEINING (MEGANIES SNOEI)ONE-STRAND HEDGE (MECHANICAL PRUNING) “HIGH WIRE”

1HM

TWEEDRAAD HEINING (MEGANIES SNOEI)TWO-STRAND HEDGE (MECHANICAL PRUNING)

2HM

Loofdraad/ Canopy wire

Kordondraad/ Cordon wire

Saamgestel in samewerking met



RUAKURA DUBBEL VLAK PRIEELRUAKURA TWO TIER TRELLIS

RUAKURA DUBBEL VLAK PRIEELRUAKURA TWO TIER TRELLIS

LIER-STELSELLYRE TRELLIS

2K2T

2K2T

LYR

DP / DP 5VDP / 5LDP

DUBBEL PEROLDDOUBLE PEROLD

VYFDRAAD VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

FIVE-STRAND LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

6VDP / 6LDP 7VDP / 7LDP

SESDRAAD VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

SIX-STRAND LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

SEWEDRAAD VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

SEVEN-STRAND LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

DUBBEL VERLENGDE DUBBEL PEROLD

DOUBLE LENGTHENED DOUBLE PEROLD

DVDP / DLDP

SCOTT-HENRYSCOTT-HENRY

SH

SMART-DYSONSMART-DYSON

SD

BALLETROKBALLERINA

BAL

SH






GRO / GAL

TIROOL PRIEELTRENTINA TRELLIS

TIR / TT

FABRIEKSDAK PRIEELFACTORY ROOF TRELLIS

FAB / FT

SKUINSKAP PRIEELSLANTING TRELLIS

SK / ST

GEWELSTELSEL (DUBBEL SKUINSPRIEEL) - ENKEL / DUBBEL KORDONGABLE TRELLIS (DOUBLE SLANTING TRELLIS) - SINGLE CORDON / DOUBLE CORDON

GEW / GT

HUTPRIEELHUT TRELLIS

HUT



GROBBELAAR OF GALGGROBBELAAR OR GALLOW

GENEVA DUBBELGORDYNGENEVA DOUBLE CURTAIN

GDC

T-KAPT-TRELLIS

TS




Besproeiing / Irrigation

Ongeveer 62% van die totale wyndruif wingerd-stand van Suid-Afrika word tans deur middel van drupbesproeiing besproei. Ander vorme van besproeiing (droëland ingesluit) het drasties afgeneem sedert 2005.

Die koste van verskillende besproeiingstelsels word saamgevat in die meegaande tabel. Hier-die algemene riglyne sluit slegs die bogrondse materiaal en sublyne – wat sal wissel na gelang van verskillende blokuitlegte – in die blok in.

Approximately 62% of the total area under wine grape vineyards in South Africa currently receives drip irrigation. Other forms of irrigation (dryland included) have decreased drastically since 2005.

The cost of various irrigation systems are seen in the accompanying table. These general guide-lines only include the material installed above the soil, as well as sub-pipelines – which will differ according to various block layouts – in the block.

Ryspasiëring (m)Row spacing (m)

Aantal rye/haRows/ha

1.80 55

1.90 52

2.00 50

2.10 47

2.40 41

2.50 40

2.75 36

2.80 35

3.00 33

3.30 30

Ander nuttige inligting / Other useful information

Besproeiingstipes / Irrigation types(2005 - 2014)

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

KOSTE VAN BESPROEIINGSTELSELS / COST OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Stelsel System

Ry spasiering (m) / Row spacing (m)

1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.75 3.00 3.30

Drup 0.6m Gekompenseerd Drip 0.6m Compensated 45 281 42 811 41 164 38 694 37 048 35 401 33 755 32 931 31 285 29 638 27 168 24 698

Drup 0.6m Nie - Gekompenseerd Drip 0.6m Non - Compensated 32 632 30 852 29 665 27 886 26 699 25 512 24 326 23 732 22 546 21 359 19 579 17 799





Mikro (straalspuit) Direk op polypyp Micro (jet spray) Direct on polypipe 44 432 42 009 40 393 37 969 36 354 34 738 33 122 32 314 30 699 29 083 26 659 24 236

Mikro (Roteerder) op pen met sagte pypie Micro (Rotate) on pen with soft pipe

51 838 49 010 47 125 44 298 42 413 40 528 38 643 37 700 35 815 33 930 31 103 28 275

Permanente sprinkel (12m x 12.5m) Permanent sprinklers (12m x 12.5m) 23 272 23 273 23 274 23 275 23 276 23 277 23 278 23 279 23 280 23 281 23 282 23 283

AANTAL STOKKE PER HEKTAAR / VINES PER HECTARE

Plantafstand in die ry (m) Plantdistance in row (m)

Ry Spasiering (m) / Row Spacing (m)

1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.40 2.50 2.75 2.80 3.00 3.30

1.00 5 556 5 263 5 000 4 762 4 167 4 000 3 636 3 571 3 333 3 030

1.20 4 630 4 386 4 167 3 968 3 472 3 333 3 030 2 976 2 778 2 525

1.50 3 704 3 509 3 333 3 175 2 778 2 667 2 424 2 381 2 222 2 020

1.80 3 086 2 924 2 778 2 646 2 315 2 222 2 020 1 984 1 852 1 684

2.00 2 778 2 632 2 500 2 381 2 083 2 000 1 818 1 786 1 667 1 515

STOKKIEPRYSE (SLEGS RIGLYNE) / VINE PRICES (ONLY GUIDELINES)

(Per Stokkie / Per Vine)

Standaard Wit en Rooi op P1103, R110, R99 Standard White and Red on P1103, R110, R99 R12.67

Standaard Wit en Rooi op 101-14, SO4, Rug140 Standard White and Red on 101-14, S04, Rug140 R12.71

Colombar, Chardonnay, Sémillon, Sa Riesling, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Muskadel op Ramsey, 101/14

Colombar, Chardonnay, Sémillon, Sa Riesling, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Muskadel on Ramsey, 101/14

R14.72

Standaard Wit en Rooi op Ramsey, 143B Standard White and Red on Ramsey, 143B R14.68

Standaard Wit en Rooi op US8-7 Standard White and Red on US8-7 R14.72

Sultana op Ramsey Sultana on Ramsey R20.37

Makstok Rooted Scion R9.85

62%

5%


KOSTE VAN MEGANISASIE

COST OF MECHANISATION

Metodiek / Methodology

Dit is onmoontlik om die loopkoste 100% akku-raat te bepaal, maar die volgende metodiek word redelik algemeen gebruik. Dit sluit sekere aannames in wat in samewerking met hande-laars aangepas is en die loopkoste meer toepas-lik maak tot die wynbedryf.

Operateurs word nie in berekening gebring nie en produsente moet self daardie komponent bybring. Alle kostes is uitgedruk in rand per uur (uitgesluit bakkies en vragmotors). Indien die koste per hektaar benodig word, kan die volgende formule gebruik word:

rand per hektaar = (koste in rand per uur) ÷

(hoeveelheid hektaar per uur bewerk)

It is not possible to calculate the running cost of implements 100% accurately; however the following methodology is commonly used. It includes certain assumptions which have been modified, in collaboration with dealerships, to be more suited to the wine industry.

Operators are not included in the running cost and should be included by producers. All costs are in rand per hour (except trucks and pick-ups). If the cost per hectare is required, the following equation can be used:

rand per hectare = (cost in rand per hour) ÷

(hectares per hour cultivated)

Waardevermindering: Depreciation:

(Aankoopwaarde - Skrootwaarde) ÷ Leeftyd (Purchase value - Salvage value) ÷ Lifetime

Versekering & Lisensie: Licence & Insurance:

1 % van gemiddelde belegging ÷ Ure per jaar 1 % of average investment ÷ Hours per annum

Rentekoste: Interest cost:

8 % van gemiddelde belegging 8 % of average investment

Herstel en onderhoud: Repair and maintenance:

Spesifieke % van Aankoopprys ÷ Leeftyd Specific % of Purchase value ÷ Leeftyd

Brandstof: Fuel:

Bereken met dieselprys van R11 Calculated with diesel price of R11

KOSTE VAN MEGANISASIE / COST OF MECHANISATIONHierdie kosteriglyne help produsente om die loopkostes van sekere wingerdmasjinerie te bepaal. Dit kan ook gebruik word om te bepaal of sekere implemente vervang moet word al dan nie.

Die besit en gebruik van enige implement gaan gepaard met ’n koste. Hierdie koste bestaan uit twee komponente, naamlik veranderlike koste en vaste koste. Die vaste koste bly onveranderd, of die masjien gebruik word al dan nie. Vaste koste sluit rente (geleentheidskoste), waardever-mindering, versekering en lisensiëring in.

Die veranderlike koste word bepaal deur die aantal ure wat die masjien/implement gebruik word deur die jaar. Dit sluit brandstof, herstel-werk, onderhoud en bande in.

These guidelines assist producers in determining the running costs of specific vineyard machinery. It can also be used to determine whether imple-ments need to be replaced.

The ownership and use of any implement or machine involves a cost to the producer. This cost consists of two components, namely fixed cost and variable cost. The fixed cost relates to ownership of the machine, whether it is used or not. This includes depreciation, licensing and insurance, as well as an interest component (opportunity cost).

The variable cost is mainly determined by the total number of hours the implement is used throughout the year. This includes fuel, repair, maintenance and tyres.


4 X

2 T

RE

KK

ER

/ T

RA

CT

OR

pK

hP

kW

Aan

koop

pry

sP

urch

ase

valu

e

Dep

resi

asie

Dep

reci

atio

n

Vers

eker

ing

& L

isen

sie

Lice

nce

&in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Bra

ndst

of /

Fue

lTo

tale

ver

and

erlik

e ko

ste

/

Tota

l var

iab

le c

ost

Tot

ale

loop

kost

e /

To

tal r

unni

ng c

ost

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

RR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r

43

32 2

03 1

84

15

1

12

28

14

49

55

63

63

69

77

91

97

105

52

39 2

47 6

30

19

1

14

34

17

60

68

77

77

84

94

111

1

18

128

55

41 2

61 3

07

20

1

15

36

17

63

71

81

81

88

99

117

1

25

135

60

45 3

21 0

21

24

2

19

44

21

69

78

89

91

99

111

1

35

144

1

55

63

47 3

35 2

89

25

2

19

46

22

72

81

93

95

104

1

15

141

1

50

162

68

51 4

12 7

47

31

2

24

57

28

79

88

101

1

06

116

1

28

163

1

73

186

71

53 4

28 9

33

32

2

25

59

29

82

92

105

1

10

120

1

34

170

1

80

193

75

56 4

30 8

58

32

2

25

60

29

86

97

111

1

15

126

1

40

175

1

85

199

82

61 4

69 3

27

35

3

27

65

31

94

106

1

21

125

1

37

152

1

90

202

2

17

84

63 4

77 8

45

36

3

28

66

32

97

109

1

25

129

1

41

157

1

95

207

2

23

92

69 5

23 3

55

39

3

30

72

35

106

1

20

137

1

41

154

1

72

214

2

27

244

95

71 5

38 5

24

40

3

31

74

36

109

1

23

141

1

45

159

1

76

220

2

33

251

4 X

4 T

RE

KK

ER

/ T

RA

CT

OR

pK

hP

kW

Aan

koop

pry

sP

urch

ase

valu

e

Dep

resi

asie

Dep

reci

atio

n

Vers

eker

ing

& L

isen

sie

Lice

nce

&in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Bra

ndst

of /

Fue

lTo

tale

ver

and

erlik

e ko

ste

/

Tota

l var

iab

le c

ost

Tot

ale

loop

kost

e /

To

tal r

unni

ng c

ost

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

Lae

krag

Low

p

ower

Med

kra

gM

ed

pow

er

Vol k

rag

Hig

h

pow

er

RR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

rR

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r R

/ H

r

43

32 2

56 1

92

19

1

15

35

17

49

55

63

66

73

80

102

1

08

116

52

39 3

12 2

34

23

2

18

43

21

60

68

77

81

88

98

124

1

32

141

55

41 2

92 2

40

22

2

17

40

19

63

71

81

83

91

101

1

23

131

1

41

60

45 3

76 3

62

28

2

22

52

25

69

78

89

94

103

1

14

146

1

55

166

63

47 3

93 0

89

29

2

23

54

26

72

81

93

99

108

1

19

153

1

62

174

68

51 4

17 6

27

31

2

24

58

28

79

88

101

1

06

116

1

29

164

1

74

187

71

53 4

34 0

05

33

2

25

60

29

82

92

105

1

11

121

1

34

171

1

81

194

75

56 4

72 3

47

35

3

27

65

31

86

97

111

1

18

129

1

42

183

1

94

208

82

61 5

14 5

21

39

3

30

71

34

94

106

1

21

128

1

40

155

1

99

211

2

26

84

63 5

23 8

69

39

3

30

72

35

97

109

1

25

132

1

44

160

2

04

216

2

32

92

69 5

73 7

61

43

3

33

79

38

106

1

20

137

1

45

158

1

75

224

2

37

254

95

71 5

90 3

92

44

3

34

82

39

109

1

23

141

1

49

162

1

80

230

2

44

262


SLEEP PARSMASJIEN / TRAILED HARVESTER

Aankoopprys / Purchase value: R2 000 000

TonnegeparsTons

harvest

JaarliksegebruikAnnual usage

Waarde-verminderingDepreciation

Versekering& lisensieLicence &insurance

RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost

Herstel &onderhoudRepair &

maintenance

Veranderlikekoste

Variablecost

TotalekosteTotalcost

Ton h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

500 71 360 158 1 656 2 173 140 140 2 313

750 107 360 105 1 104 1 569 140 140 1 709

1 000 143 360 79 828 1 267 140 140 1 407

1 250 179 360 63 662 1 085 140 140 1 225

1 500 214 360 53 552 964 140 140 1 104

1 750 250 360 45 473 878 140 140 1 018

2 000 286 360 39 414 813 140 140 953

2 200 314 360 36 376 772 140 140 912

2 400 343 360 33 345 738 140 140 878

3 000 429 360 26 276 662 140 140 802

SPUITPOMPE / SPRAYPUMPS

Model

Aankoop-prys

Purchase value


Waarde-verminde-

ringDepreciation

RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost


maintenance

Totale kostesonder rente

Total costexcl interest


R h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

Bankiespuit / Berm sprayer 46 448 280 28 10 37 11 39 48

Onkruidspuit / Weed sprayer 38 500 280 23 8 31 9 32 40

Blower 1 ry /row (Hoë volume / High volume) 129 388 280 78 27 104 30 108 135

Nozzle 1 ry / row (Lae volume / Low volume) 197 000 280 118 41 159 46 164 205



SELFAANGEDREWE PARSMASJIEN / SELF-PROPELLED HARVESTER

Aankoopprys / Purchase price: R4 200 000

TonnegeparsTons

harvest



Versekering& lisensieLicence &insurance

RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Totale fixedcost


maintenance

BrandstofFuel

Veranderlikekoste

Variablecost


Ton h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

1 000 91 756 254 2 668 3 678 294 143 437 4 115

1 250 114 756 203 2 134 3 094 294 143 437 3 531

1 500 136 756 169 1 779 2 704 294 143 437 3 141

1 750 159 756 145 1 525 2 426 294 143 437 2 863

2 000 182 756 127 1 334 2 217 294 143 437 2 654

2 250 205 756 113 1 186 2 055 294 143 437 2 492

2 500 227 756 102 1 067 1 925 294 143 437 2 362

2 750 250 756 92 970 1 819 294 143 437 2 256

3 500 318 756 73 762 1 591 294 143 437 2 028

4 000 364 756 64 667 1 487 294 143 437 1 924

SLEEPWAENS / TRAILERS

Model

Aankoop-prys

Purchase value



RenteInterest

Verseke-ring &

lisensieLicence &insurance

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost

Herstel &onderhoudRepair &mainte-nance

BandeTyres

Verander-like

kosteVariable

cost


R h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 3 ton 53 725 500 4.84 6.21 3.31 14.35 2.15 0.46 2.60 16.95

2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 4 ton 45 925 500 4.13 5.30 3.15 12.59 1.84 0.73 2.57 15.15

2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 6 ton 89 250 500 8.03 10.31 4.02 22.36 3.57 0.73 4.30 26.66

4 - wiel / 4 wheel 6 ton 101 200 500 9.11 11.69 4.26 25.05 4.05 1.46 5.51 30.56

4 - wiel / 4 wheel 8 ton 123 475 500 11.11 14.26 4.70 30.08 4.94 1.46 6.40 36.47

4 - wiel / 4 wheel 10 ton 145 407 500 13.09 16.79 5.14 35.02 5.82 3.47 9.28 44.30

Lugremme / Air brakes 10 ton 195 800 500 17.62 22.61 6.15 46.39 7.83 4.69 12.52 58.91

Lugremme / Air brakes 15 ton 239 350 500 21.54 27.64 7.02 56.20 9.57 4.69 14.26 70.40

IMPLEMENTE / IMPLEMENTS

Model

Aankoop-prys

Purchase value



RenteInterest

Totale vastekoste

Total fixedcost


maintenance

Totale kostesonder rente

Total costexcl

interest


R h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h R/h

Top masjien (1 ry) / Trimmer ( 1 row) 193 712 200 116 56 172 45 161 217

Ontblaarder / Leaf remover 220 333 200 132 64 196 51 184 247

Mulching 87 000 200 52 25 77 20 73 98

Bankieskoffel / Mechanical weeders 201 846 200 121 58 179 47 168 226

Krag eg / Power plow 115 000 200 104 33 137 40 144 177

Bossieslaner / Slasher 38 000 200 34 11 45 13 48 58

Snoei masjien (1 ry) / Pruner (1 row) 242 500 200 218 70 288 85 303 373

Snoei masjien (halwe ry) / Pruner (half row) 233 200 200 210 67 277 82 292 359


BA

KK

IES

/ P

ICK

-UP

S

Mod

el

Aan

koop

pry

sB

TW u

itges

luit

Pur

chas

e p

rice

VAT

excl

uded

Jaar

likse

geb

ruik

Ann

ual

usag

e

Leef

tyd

Life

time

Waa

rde-

verm

ind

erin

gD

epre

ciat

ion

Vers

eker

ing

& li

sens

ieLi

cenc

e &

in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Tota

le k

oste

(bra

ndst

of u

itges

luit)

Tota

l cos

t(fu

el e

xclu

ded

)

R

kmkm

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

Isuz

u

KB

250

Fle

etsi

de

222

568

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

0.9

5 0

.24

0.4

3 1

.63

0.9

0 2

.53

KB

250

D-T

EQ

Fle

etsi

de

245

616

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.0

5 0

.27

0.4

7 1

.80

0.9

9 2

.79

KB

250

D-T

EQ

LE

4X

4 3

29 2

94

30

000

210

000

1

.41

0.3

6 0

.63

2.4

1 1

.33

3.7

4

KB

300

D-T

EQ

LX

327

746

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.4

0 0

.36

0.6

3 2

.40

1.3

3 3

.72

KB

300

D-T

EQ

Ext

end

ed c

ab L

X 3

56 0

40

30

000

210

000

1

.53

0.3

9 0

.69

2.6

0 1

.44

4.0

4

Toyo

ta

2.4

GD

5M

T A

/C 2

29 9

64

30

000

210

000

0

.99

0.2

5 0

.44

1.6

8 0

.93

2.6

1

2.4

GD

-6 R

B S

RX

6 M

T 2

75 1

14

30

000

210

000

1

.18

0.3

0 0

.53

2.0

1 1

.11

3.1

2

2.4

GD

-6 4

X4

SR

X 6

MT

342

194

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.4

7 0

.38

0.6

6 2

.50

1.3

9 3

.89

2.8

GD

-6 R

B R

aid

er 6

MT

324

994

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.3

9 0

.36

0.6

3 2

.38

1.3

2 3

.69

2.8

GD

-6 R

B X

tra

Cab

Rai

der

6M

T 3

53 3

74

30

000

210

000

1

.51

0.3

9 0

.68

2.5

8 1

.43

4.0

1

Land

Cru

iser

4.2

D B

akki

e 4

55 1

12

30

000

210

000

1

.95

0.5

0 0

.88

3.3

3 1

.73

5.0

5

Ford

Ran

ger

2.2

Hig

h R

ider

XL

245

014

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.0

5 0

.27

0.4

7 1

.79

0.9

9 2

.78

Ran

ger

2.2

4X4

XL

294

034

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.2

6 0

.32

0.5

7 2

.15

1.1

9 3

.34

Ran

ger

2.2

Hig

h R

ider

XLS

294

894

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.2

6 0

.32

0.5

7 2

.16

1.1

9 3

.35

Ran

ger

2.2

4X4

XLS

343

914

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.4

7 0

.38

0.6

6 2

.51

1.3

9 3

.91

Ran

ger

3.2

Sup

erC

ab H

i-R

aid

er X

LS 3

43 9

14

30

000

210

000

1

.47

0.3

8 0

.66

2.5

1 1

.39

3.9

1

Nis

san

NP

300

2.5

Td

i 1

76 2

14

30

000

210

000

0

.76

0.1

9 0

.34

1.2

9 0

.71

2.0

0

NP

300

2.5

TD

i 4X

4 2

70 8

14

30

000

210

000

1

.16

0.3

0 0

.52

1.9

8 1

.10

3.0

8

NP

300

Hi-

Rid

er 2

.5TD

i 2

40 7

14

30

000

210

000

1

.03

0.2

6 0

.46

1.7

6 0

.97

2.7

3

Nav

ara

2.5d

Ci K

ingC

ab X

E 3

24 1

34

30

000

210

000

1

.39

0.3

6 0

.62

2.3

7 1

.31

3.6

8

Pat

rol 3

.0D

Ti B

akki

e 4

55 7

14

30

000

210

000

1

.95

0.5

0 0

.88

3.3

3 1

.84

5.1

8

BA

KK

IES

/ P

ICK

-UP

S

Mod

el

Aan

koop

pry

sB

TW u

itges

luit

Pur

chas

e p

rice

VAT

excl

uded

Jaar

likse

geb

ruik

Ann

ual

usag

e

Leef

tyd

Life

time

Waa

rde-

verm

ind

erin

gD

epre

ciat

ion

Vers

eker

ing

& li

sens

ieLi

cenc

e &

in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Her

stel

&on

der

houd

Rep

air

&m

aint

enan

ce

Tota

le k

oste

(bra

ndst

of u

itges

luit)

Tota

l cos

t(fu

el e

xclu

ded

)

R

kmkm

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

Maz

da

BT-

50 2

.2 S

LX 2

51 2

92

30

000

210

000

1

.08

0.2

8 0

.48

1.8

4 1

.02

2.8

5

BT-

50 2

.2 F

reeS

tyle

Cab

SLX

269

266

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.1

5 0

.30

0.5

2 1

.97

1.0

9 3

.06

BT-

50 3

.2 F

reeS

tyle

Cab

SLE

301

344

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.2

9 0

.33

0.5

8 2

.20

1.2

2 3

.42

Volk

swag

en

Am

arok

2.0

TDI

244

584

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.0

5 0

.27

0.4

7 1

.79

0.9

9 2

.78

Am

arok

2.0

TDI 4

-Mot

ion

291

024

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.2

5 0

.32

0.5

6 2

.13

1.1

8 3

.31

Am

arok

2.0

BiT

DI T

rend

line

317

000

3

0 00

0 2

10 0

00

1.3

6 0

.35

0.6

1 2

.32

1.2

8 3

.60

VR

AG

MO

TO

RS

/ T

RU

CK

S

Mod

el

Aan

koop

pry

sP

urch

ase

pric

e

Jaar

likse

geb

ruik

Ann

ual

usag

e

Leef

tyd

Life

time

Waa

rde-

verm

ind

erin

gD

epre

ciat

ion

Vers

eker

ing

& li

sens

ieLi

cenc

e &

in

sura

nce

Ren

teIn

tere

st

Tota

leva

ste

kost

eTo

tal

fixed

cos

t

Bra

ndst

of /

Fue

lH

erst

el &

ond

erho

udR

epai

r &

mai

nten

ance

Vera

nder

like

kost

eVa

riab

le

cost

Tota

leko

ste

Tota

lco

stVe

rbui

k C

onsu

mp

tion

Kos

te

Cos

t

R

kmkm

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

km/L

R/k

mR

/km

R/k

mR

/km

Enk

el D

ryf

as /

S

ing

le D

iffer

enti

al

3.0

Ton

329

560

3

5 00

0 3

00 0

00

0.9

9 0

.31

0.5

4 1

.84

6.6

7 1

.65

0.9

3 2

.58

4.4

3

4.0

Ton

361

125

3

5 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.0

8 0

.34

0.6

0 2

.02

6.6

7 1

.65

1.0

2 2

.67

4.6

9

6.0

Ton

484

175

4

0 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.4

5 0

.40

0.7

0 2

.55

4.0

0 2

.75

1.3

7 4

.12

6.6

7

7.0

Ton

570

845

6

0 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.7

1 0

.31

0.5

5 2

.58

3.5

7 3

.08

1.6

2 4

.70

7.2

7

8.0

Ton

641

465

6

0 00

0 3

00 0

00

1.9

2 0

.35

0.6

2 2

.89

3.3

3 3

.30

1.8

2 5

.12

8.0

2

Dub

bel

dry

f-as

/

Do

uble

diff

eren

tial

14 T

on

1 0

48 6

00

70

000

300

000

3

.15

0.4

9 0

.87

4.5

1 2

.50

4.4

0 2

.97

7.3

7 1

1.88

Dub

bel

dry

f-p

erd

/

Do

uble

diff

eren

tial

ho

rse

25 T

on 1

224

080

7

0 00

0 7

00 0

00

1.5

7 0

.58

1.0

1 3

.16

2.0

8 5

.29

1.4

9 6

.77

9.9

4


KELDERKOSTES

CELLAR COSTS

KELDER KOSTES / CELLAR COST

2014

GrootmaatBulk Wine

VerpakPackaged

R/Ton R/L % R/Ton R/L %

Arbeid permanenteLabour permanent R215.0 R0.28 18% R800.80 R1.04 7%

Arbeid tydelikeLabour temporary R29.2 R0.04 2% R23.10 R0.03 0%

VersekeringInsurance R18.7 R0.02 2% R30.80 R0.04 0%

Bemaring en verkope uitgawesMarketing and sales expenses R41.1 R0.05 3% R2 340.80 R3.04 21%

Botteleering en verpakkingBottling and packaging R21.7 R0.03 2% R5 898.20 R7.66 52%

Chemikalieë, skoonmaak en filter materiaalChemicals, cleaning and filtration materials R229.0 R0.30 19% R123.20 R0.16 1%

VerspreidingDistribution R61.1 R0.08 5% R723.80 R0.94 6%

Diverse administratiewe uitgawesSundry administrative expenses R84.4 R0.11 7% R569.80 R0.74 5%

Diverse kelder uitgawesSundry cellar expenses R90.0 R0.12 7% R369.60 R0.48 3%

Elektrisiteit en waterElectricity and water R82.7 R0.11 7% R84.70 R0.11 1%

FinansieringskosteFinance charges R95.1 R0.12 8% R92.40 R0.12 1%

Huur betaalRent paid R22.8 R0.03 2% R38.50 R0.05 0%

Herstelwerk,instandhouding en kelder verbruikarikelsRepairs,maintenance and cellar consumables R106.5 R0.14 9% R115.50 R0.15 1%

Telefoon en posgeldTelephone and postage R3.5 R0.00 0% R15.40 R0.02 0%

WaardeverminderingDepreciation R123.5 R0.16 10% R130.90 R0.17 1%

TotaalTotal R1 224.3 R1.59 100% R11 357.50 R14.75 100%

Verhaling per tonRecovery per ton 770 770

KELDERKOSTES / CELLAR COSTSPwC voer sedert 2003 jaarliks ’n opname in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf uit. Hierdie hoofstuk sluit ’n uittreksel uit die ontleding van kostes verbonde aan grootmaat- en verpakte wyn in.

Die bevindinge is op die uitslae van ’n wesenlike aantal Suid-Afrikaanse produsentekelders geskoei, en word as ’n nasionale gemiddeld uitgedruk.

PwC has conducted an annual survey in the South African wine industry since 2003. This section includes an extract of the analysis of expenses attributable to bulk and packaged wine.

The findings are based on the results of a significant number of South African producer cellars and are presented on a national average basis.

64 • VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE

Grootste uitgawes per ton gepars / Major expenses per ton pressed

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

R/t

on

Arbeid/labour Chemikalieë/Chemicals Finansieringskoste/Finance Charges Elektrisiteit en water/Electricity and Water

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

164.12176.5

199.21 202.23

229.03

244.18

230.98

216.63225.24221.86

107.2296.62

88.5876.42

95.06

82.6872.9971.9

63.3354.25

Met vergunning van PwC / Courtesy of PwC.

VIN

PR

O K

ON

TAK

BE

SO

ND

ER

HE

DE

/ V

INP

RO

CO

NTA

CT

DE

TAIL

S

Per

soon

Per

son

Afd

elin

gS

ervi

ceS

tree

kR

egio

nTe

lefo

on

Tele

pho

neS

elC

ell

E-p

osE

-mai

l

Fran

cois

Vilj

oen

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Bes

tuur

der

Man

ager

021

276

0432

083

309

7627

viljo

enf@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Leon

Dip

pen

aar

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Bre

edek

loof

023

347

1566

083

455

5194

leon

@vi

npro

.co.

za

Han

no v

an S

chal

kwyk

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Paa

rl /

Mal

mes

bur

y02

1 27

6 04

3208

2 45

5 51

92ha

nno@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Pie

rre

Sny

man

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Wor

cest

er02

3 34

7 15

6608

3 45

5 51

91p

ierr

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Hen

nie

Vis

ser

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Rob

erts

on02

3 62

6 30

1708

3 45

5 51

93he

nnie

v@vi

npro

.co.

za

Joha

nnes

Mel

let

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Kle

in K

aroo

023

626

3017

082

922

9547

mel

letj@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Con

rad

Sch

utte

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Ste

llenb

osch

021

276

0432

082

804

0422

conr

ad@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Ger

t E

ngel

bre

cht

Win

gerd

kund

ige

Viti

cultu

rist

Olif

ants

rivie

rO

lifan

ts R

iver

072

152

4028

gert

e@vi

npro

.co.

za

Kac

hné

Ros

sW

inge

rdku

ndig

e /

Op

leid

ings

bea

mp

teVi

ticul

turis

t / T

rain

ing

Offi

cer

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0453

082

309

7618

kros

s@vi

npro

.co.

za

Hei

nric

h S

chlo

ms

Gro

ndku

ndig

e /

GIS

Soi

l sci

entis

t /

GIS

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

276

0432

083

480

2686

hein

rich@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Phi

lip B

owes

Tran

sfor

mas

ie &

Ont

wik

kelin

gTr

ansf

orm

atio

n &

Dev

elop

men

tA

lle s

trek

eA

ll re

gion

s02

1 27

6 04

3408

3 58

1 43

22p

hilip

b@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Chr

isto

Con

rad

ieV

inP

ro K

eld

ers

Vin

Pro

Cel

lars

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

429

0429

082

497

4987

chris

to@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

Funz

ani S

und

ani

Land

bou

-eko

noom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

429

0429

078

084

1329

funz

ani@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

And

ries

van

Zyl

Land

bou

-eko

noom

Agr

icul

tura

l Eco

nom

ist

Alle

str

eke

All

regi

ons

021

429

0429

072

280

8703

and

ries@

vinp

ro.c

o.za

VR G

RAPH

ICS

• TE

L 02

1 86

3 31

65

VIN

PR

O K

OS

TE

GID

S | C

OS

T G

UID

E 2

01

6/1

7


2016/17

e-pos e-mail kostegids | cost guide 2016/17 -...

Documents