kines anatomy ch. 14-16

7/31/2019 Kines Anatomy Ch. 14-16

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TMJ, NECK/TRUNK, AND RESPIRATORYSYSTEM

JASON GLASNAPP, PT, DPT

CHAPTERS 14-16


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CHAPTER 14

TMJ


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STRUCTURES

Mandible: Lower part of jaw. Holds the lower teeth. Mates withtemporal bone to make the TMJ.

Angle, Body, Ramus, Condyle, Coronoid Process

Temporal bone: Mates with mandible to form TMJ.

Styloid, Mastoid, and Zygomatic process

Maxilla: Upper portion of jaw. Connects with nasal bone andholds upper teeth.

Hyoidbone: Horse-shoe shaped bone at C3 level that providesmuscle attachments for the tongue. It does not articulate with anybone. Helps protect the vocal cords or voice box.

Joint Capsule: Envelops the TMJ by attaching superiorly andinferiorly

Articular Disk :connected to the capsule and tendon of lateralpterygoid


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MOVEMENTS

Talking, chewing, biting, swallowing, and yawning.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umnnA50IDIY&NR=1

Mandible depression: Mouth opens or chins moves down.

Mandible elevation: Returns to normal position.

Mandible lateral deviation: Chin moves to either side.

Mandible protrusion/retraction: Chin moves out with protrusion

and comes back to make double chin.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umnnA50IDIY&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umnnA50IDIY&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umnnA50IDIY&NR=1


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MUSCLES

Temporalis

Masseter

Lateral Pterygoid

Medial Pterygoid

Mylohyoid

Geniogyoid

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid


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TEMPORALIS

O: Temporal Fossa

I: Coronoid process andramus of mandible

A: Elevation, retrusion,ipsilateral lateral deviation

N: Trigeminal


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MASSETER

O: Zygomatic arch oftemporal bone andzygomatic process ofmaxilla

I: Angle of ramus andcoronoid process ofmandible

A: Elevation and ipsilaterallateral deviation

N: Trigeminal


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MEDIAL PTERYGOID

O: Lateral pteyrgoid plateof sphenoid bone andtuberosity of maxilla

I: ramus and angel of themandible

A: Elevation, protrusion,

unilaterally: contralaterallateral deviation

N: Trigeminal


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LATERAL PTERYGOID

O: Latera pteryogid plateand greater wing ofsphenoid

I: Mandibular condyle andarticular disk

A: depression andprotrusion: unilateral

causes contralateral lateraldeviation

N: Trigeminal


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THE REST.

Assist with depression


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THE REST (CONT.)

Digastric

Stylohyoid


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THE REST (CONT.)


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NECK &TRUNK


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SPINAL COLUMN

Cervical: 7 vertebrae Normal curvature - Lordosis

Thoracic: 12 vertebrae Normal to have some Kyphosis

Lumbar: 5 vertebrae Normal to have Lordosis

Sacral: 5 vertebrae that are fused together.

Coccyx: End of sacrum that is our tail bone.


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BONES &

LANDMARKS

Vertebrae:

Body: Major weight bearing structure. The anterior portion ofvertebrae.

Vertebral foramen: Where the spinal cord passes through.

Transverse process: Lateral projections of vertabrae that arefor muscle/ligament attachments.

Spinous process: Posterior projection of vertabrae.Muscles/ligaments also attach to these.

Supraspinous ligament turns into nuchal ligament Nuchal ligament Fig 15-15 page 219


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BONES/LANDMARK

S (CONT.)

Intervetebral Discs:

23 total discs.

Shock absorbers of the spine.

Made up of annulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus.

Annulus Fibrosus: Outer portion of the discs. Made up offibrocartilaginous rings.

Nucleus Pulposus: Gelatin center that is made up of appox.80% of water. Will dry as we age, thus causing shrinkage andlosing height.

Facets: On the inferior and superior sides of the thoracicvertebrae that the ribs articulate with, sometimes called costalfacets.


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JOINT MOTIONS

Flexion

Extension

Lateral bendingRotation


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MUSCLES

Anterior:

SCM(Sternocleidomastoid)

Scalene (3 of them) Prevertebral group (4 of

them)

Rectus Abdominis

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Transverse Abdominis

Posterior:

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis

Erector Spinae group(3 of them)

Paraspinals

Quadratus Lumborum


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STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID -

SCM

O: Sternum and clavical

I: Mastoid process

A Bilaterally flexes neck and

hyperextends head.Unilaterally, lateral bending ofneck and rotates face inopposite direction

N: Accessory Nerve (CranialXI) and second and thirdcervical nerves


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SCALENES

O: Transverse processesof cervical vertebrae

I: First and second ribs

A: Bilaterally assists inneck flexion; unilaterallywith lateral bending

N: Lower cervical nerves


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PREVERTEBRAL

GROUP

Rectus Capitis lateralis

Rectus Capitis AnteriorLongus Capitus

Longus Colli

Known as deepflexors andimportant for

cervical spinerehabilitation


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SPLENIUS CAPITUS

O: Lower half of nuchalligamentSPs of C7-T3

I: Lateral occipital bone;

mastoid processA: Bilaterally extend headand neck; unilaterallyrotates and lateral bends

neck at same timeN: middle and lowercervical nerves


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SPLENIUS CERVICIS

O: Spinous processes T3T6

I: Transverse processes of

C1-3A: Bilaterally extendsneck; unilaterally rotateand laterally bend neck to

same sideN: middle and lowercervical nerves


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RECTUS ABDOMINUS

O: Pubis

I: Xiphoid process andcostal cartilages of fifth,

sixth, and seventh ribs

A: Trunk flexion;compression of abdomen

N: 7-12 intercoastal nerves


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EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

O: lower eight ribs

I: iliac crest and linea alba

A Bilaterally trunk flexion;unilaterally, lateralbending to same side; androtation to opposite side

N: 8th 12th intercoastal,iliohypogastric, andilioinguinal


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INTERNAL OBLIQUE

O: Inguinal ligament, iliaccrest, throacolumbar fascia

I: 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs;abdominal aponeurosis

A: bilaterally trunk flexion;compression of abdominal;unilaterally lateral bending;rotation to same side

N: 8-12th intercoastal,iliohypogastric, andilioinguinal nerves


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TRANSVERSUS

ABDOMINUS

O: Inguinal ligament, iliaccrest, thoracolumbarfascia, and last 6 ribs

I: Abdominal aponeurosisand linea alba

A: Compression ofabdominal contents

N: 7th -12th intercoastal,iliohypogastric, andilioinguinal


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ERECTOR SPINAE

O: Spinous processes,transverse processes, andposterior ribs from theocciput to sacrum and ilium

I: Spinous processes,transverse processes, andposterior ribs from occiputto sacrum and ilium

A: bilaterally: extend neck

and trunk, unilaterally bendneck and trunk

N: Spinal nerves


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QUADRATUS

LUMBORUM

O: Iliac Crest

I: Twelfth rib, transverseprocesses of all five

lumbar vertebrae

A: trunk lateral bending

N: 12th thoracic and first

lumbar nerves


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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 16


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BONES &

LANDMARKS

Rib cage attaches vertebral column posteriorly to the sternumanteriorly

Protects chest organs (heart, lungs, aorta, thymus gland, trachea,espoghagus, lymph nymph nodes, and important nerves

12 sets of ribs (24 total)

Upper seven are true ribs;attached to the sternum.

#8-10 ribs are false ribs;attach indirectly to the sternum via thecostal cartilage.

#11th & 12th are floating ribs; they have no anterior attachment.

All ribs attach to thoracic vertebrae via the facets forming thecostovertebral joint.


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MUSCLES AND

INSPIRATION

Diaphragm muscle: (Big muscle)

Inspiration taking air in and out

Intercostals Muscles:

External: Elevate the ribs.

Internal: Depress the ribs.

Quiet Inspiration sitting or resting quietly

Deep Inspiration Diaphragm and/or external intercostals activate(being up and down actively involved will be at deep inspiration)

Forced InspirationPerson is state of air hunger

Quiet Expirationmostly passive with relaxation of diaphragm andexternal intercoastals

Forced Expiration pull down on rib cage and compress abdomenforcing diaphragm upward (i.e.p. 239 Heimlich)


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BREATHING

Diaphragmatic

Most efficient and requires least amount of energy

Diaphragm normally lowers when in contracts

Causes abdomen to move out, lungs to expand, and air to flow outof lungs

Diaphragm can become dysfunctional with pathology

Chest

Greater effort and much less efficient

Rig cage moves up and out (medial/lateral and A/P)

Valsalva Maneuver

Holding breath with attempting to exhale (forcing respiration) i.e.clearing ears

This thoracic pressure traps blood in veins and prevents it entering heart

With exhalation blood rushes into heart with dramatic HR and BPIncrease


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PATHOLOGIES

URI (upper respiratory infection) nose, throught, larynx

LRI (lower respiratory infection) -Pneumonia: (Trachea andbelow) -Bacterial or viral infection of the alveoli of the lungs.

Pnuemothorax: Collapsed lung.Hiccups: Spasms of the diaphragmBronchitis: Inflammation ofthe bronchi of the lung.

Asthma: Spasms of bronchial walls and makes a person have ahard time to exhale.


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THE

END!!!!!

kines anatomy ch. 14-16

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