KENNEDY/LBJ/NIXON YEARS: CAMELOT, THE GREAT SOCIETY, AND A 10 YEAR POLICE ACTIONWednesday May 23, 2012PaulsonU.S. History

SPARK # 7Use your book for help (or your timelines) 1. Name the 2 main U.S. Presidents that

served during the 1960’s. 2. In what year did a U.S. astronaut first go

into space? 3. With what island nation will the U.S. face

off in 1962? Who are they backed by?

AGENDA Spark # 7 Business Items

Review Sheet Grades – check Schedule reviews

Kennedy/LBJ/Nixon notes – This is overview!!!

ELECTION OF 1960 First televised debates

Nixon: “lazy shave,” sweating, tired look Kennedy: young, rested, tan, “camera friendly”

Kennedy 43 years old 12 years in HOR/Senate Distinguished service in WWII Roman Catholic

Elected by VERY slim margin 1st inaugural address: “Ask not…”

KENNEDY: “CAMELOT AND THE “NEW FRONTIER”

Early speech – “nation poised on edge of a ‘new frontier.’”

New Frontier Improve economy Assist poor Speed Space program

Camelot Youthful, energetic, idealistic image of Kennedy W.H. Jackie O. – fashionable, intelligent, beautiful Renovated, redecorated, - grace and style Swimming pool and treehouse on W.H. lawn

SPACE PROGRAM National Aeronautics and Space Administration: NASA Sputnik, then April 1961 – Juri Gagarin first human in

space U.S. responds with manned flight Kennedy challenge to U.S. in 1961

“put a man on the moon by end of decade…” July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong first ,man on moon

KENNEDY ASSASSINATED November 22, 1963 - Dallas, TX Open limousine, published parade route Shots from nearby building LBJ (Vice Prez.) sworn in on Air Force One America stunned and shattered Lee Harvey Oswald arrested then

assassinated by Jack Ruby Conspiracy theories and the Warren

Commission Millions (literally) of pages of books, reports,

articles

LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON (LBJ) Sworn in on Air Force 1 – famous photo w/

Jackie O. “All I have I would have gladly given to not

be standing here today…The ideas and ideals which he so nobly represented must and will be translated into effective action…”

Skillful politician, intimidating negotiator “the Johnson treament”

COACH STOUGHTON’S G-PA’S PIC

LBJ AND “THE GREAT SOCIETY” Action to help heal nation’s hurts after JFK Huge program of reforms on domestic issues

Many based on Kennedy’s plans Poverty relief, education aid, healthcare, voting rights,

conservation, urban renewal, econ development in poor areas

“…For in your time we have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society and the powerful society, but toward the Great Society…”

Landslide victory over B. Goldwater in ‘64 = 2nd term Daisy campaign commercial

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDTBnsqxZ3k

LBJ AND “THE GREAT SOCIETY” War on Poverty

Head Start Volunteers in Service to America

Medicare and Medicaid Immigration Reform Effects?

First very popular then promises couldn’t be kept Race riots Vietnam and increasing military spending

THE WARREN COURTMany landmark S.C. decision during K/J years Roth v. U.S. – obscene materials Engel v. Vitale – no prayer in schools Griswold v. Connecticut – ok’s birth control Mapp v. Ohio – no illegally obtained evidence Gideon v. Wainright – free legal counsel Miranda v. Arizona – Miranda rights Baker v. Carr – One man, one vote

FOREIGN POLICY DURING EARLY 60’S Bay of Pigs – Apr. 17, 1961

1959 Castro and Communists take power in Cuba Backed by Soviets, U.S. plans CIA take-over Massive failure: U.S. appears devious, dishonest, AND

incompetent Aug. 1961 Berlin Wall – Soviets build it, U.S. posturing

and mobilization Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962

Spy plane photos reveal Soviet missiles on Cuba Standoff ensues 13 days of tension 4 options: 1)Negotiate 2) Invade 3)Blockade 4)Bomb Kennedy asks advisors then debates alone… TV speech: “…The cost of freedom is always high – and

Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission…”

FOREIGN POLICY DURING EARLY 60’S Limited Test Ban Treaty Alliance for Progress Peace Corps Dominican Republic – U.S. helps stop

revolution Vietnam – LBJ huge believer in Domino

Theory First slow, then massive buildup of “advisors”

then troops

1960’S AN ERA OF ACTIVISM Women’s Movement

Feminism dates to 1895 Education and Employment

Women paid 59 cents /dollar Impact of Civil Rights Movement

Provided “how-to” achieve change 1964 Civil Rights Act – some segregationist

Congressmen added “sex” to list of qualifiers – thinking it would be ridiculous and no one would vote for it

Betty Friedan (Feminine Mystique) and N.O.W. Roe v. Wade 1973 – personal right to privacy and

woman’s right to choose Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) – never ratified

1960’S AN ERA OF ACTIVISM Ethnic Minorities Seek Equality

Latinos: United Farm Workers (UFW) and Cesar Chavez Migrant farm workers – some of most exploited

Asian Americans Japanese after WWII – Japanese American Citizens League

(JACL) Wage discrimination and representation in Congress

Native Americans Land Claims American Indian Movement (AIM) – autonomy and natural

resoures Protests at Mount Rushmore, Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee

1960’S: ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSUMER PROTECTION MOVEMENTS Environmental Movement

Rachel Carson and Silent Spring – 1962 Demand honesty and accountability from Gov. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC),

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – others pg. 784 chart

Consumer Movement Ralph Nader – automobile safety – seat belts!!

Speed limits!!

COUNTERCULTURE Younger generation’s response to conformity of the 50’s.

Rejection of values, appearance, attitudes – EVERYTHING!!!!

Man in grey flannel suit vs. Woodstock hippies Counterculture values: youth, spontaneity, individuality

(all “Beat Generation” inspired) Baby boom = huge student population – music, fashion all

catered to #s Sexual Revolution – rejection of traditional expectations

and attitudes (family/procreation) The Drug Scene – psychedelic and hallucinagenic

Marijuana widespread, LSD to “free the mind” Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jimi hendrix – all overdose and die

MUSIC A reflection and a catalyst of culture “Folk” music – protest songs: (oppression of all types)

songs of laborers, sailors, railroadmen, slavery songs 1964 – “British Invasion” – Beatles first U.S. tour

Rolling Stones, Janis Joplin as well Woodstock: Bethel, NY Aug. 1969 – 400,000 people

No drug enforcement, relatively peaceful 4 days Altamont: the other side of Woodstock

Dec. 1969 California 300,000 Rolling Stones: not enough security, Stones hire Hell’s Angels 1 guy beaten to death, era of “peace and love” shattered

Despite celebration of “simple lifestyle” most hippies were comfortable, middle class kids

LOOK AT TIMELINE THE VIETNAM WAR Vietnamese History – nearly 2,000 years of

invaders, Imperial wars – Nationalism!!! Vietnam divided post WWII @ Geneva

Convention Domino Theory Escalation 7 Presidents 10 Year “Police Action” Divided nation as much or more than Civil

War First “living-room” war