kdgh yd rx. l,dj - nie.lk

i

kdgH yd rx. l,dj

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

11 fY%aKsh^2016 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ'&

fi!kao¾h fomd¾;fïka;=jNdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khY%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( wwwni e l k. .úoHq;a ;emE, ( i nf o ni e l k@ .

ii

kdgH yd rx. l,dj

11 fY%aKsh

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

m%:u uqøKh 2015

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khY%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lkúoHq;a ;emE, ( [email protected]

iii

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh

lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s wka;¾.;h mokï jq wOHdmkh fjkqjg j¾I

wglska hq;= pl%hlska iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr" j¾I 2007 §

YS% ,xldfõ oaú;SSshsl wOHdmk fCIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,os'

kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2015 j¾Ifha § yh jk iy oy jk fYa%Ks i|yd y÷kajd

§u l< hq;= j ;sfí' fï i|yd m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jq lreKq o wOHdmkh ms<sn| j

wjOdkh fhduq lrk úúO md¾Yjhkaf.a fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k úIh ks¾foaY

;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï ls%hdj,shla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska y÷kajd fokq ,eîh'

fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgï" mokï uÜgfï isg

Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dv ke.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria

ixl,kh Ndú; lrk ,os' úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;aùu

yels;dla wju lsÍu" jeä nr megùï j,ska hqla; úIh wka;¾.;hka wvq lsÍu" iy ls%hd;aul

l< yels YsIH ñ;=re úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;'

.=re Nj;=ka i|yd mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" b.ekaùu" ls%hdldrlï lrf.k hEu" uekSï yd we.hSï

hkd § wxYhka i|yd wjYH jkakd jQ ud¾f.damfoaYhka ,nd§fï wruqKska fuu kj .=re

ud¾f.damfoaYh y÷kajd § we;' mx;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,i lghq;=

lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaYhka Wmldr jkq we;' isiqkaf.a ksmqK;djka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

.=Kd;aul fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd §

;sfí' tfuka u ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| j jeä nr ;eîula

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkdfõ' tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a

M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu.

iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd w¨;ska ixj¾Okh lr we;s

mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka isiq flakaøSh wOHdmk

rgdjla yd jvd;a ls%hdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg fjkiaùu u.ska jev f,dalhg

wjYH jkakd jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh

lsÍu'

wOHlaI ckrd,a

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iv

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKsúvh

bf.kqu" mq¿,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg o m;alrhs'

ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø fldg .;a

rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y`ÿkd.;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj

f,djla ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr.kq ,nkafka bf.kquhs'

bf.kqu iòyd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd ks¾udKh

úh hq;= h' úIh ud,dj" úIh ks¾foaY" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï lafIa;%hg

tlajkqfha fï wdldrfhks'

kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka iaùh

wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka ;=<ska jir wglg

jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIh ud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ks¾udKh

fõ'

úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd.; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re ud¾f.damfoaYhkays

bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï fkdfõ' úIh

ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu iòyd úIh wka;¾.;h ;=<ska bf.kqï

m, iïm%dma;sh msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkialr .ekSug iqidOHlrejkag

meyeÈ,sj u bvla we;s nj iòyka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by< uÜgulg .ekSu iòyd

Woõ jk" myiqlï i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla iòyd ks¾udKh jk .=re

ud¾f.damfoaY YslaIlhdyg o fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm< fmd;g iylrejl= jk

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm< fmd;la fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iïmdÈ; wod< fm< fmd; hk iïm;a øjH fol u

Ndú; l< hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<snò we.ehSï isÿlrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jqj o wfmalaId

lrk idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu wjidkfhys

mka;s ldurfha § orejka iu. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;aúh hq;= h' tu tald;añl ùu iòyd jQ

m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh myqrla" hd;%djla lr.kq

we;ehs wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'

mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

v

úIh ye¢kaùu

wfma ud;DN+ñhg;a" ixialD;shg;a" fidndoyu yd iuia; Ôj" wÔj úYaj Od;=jg;a ys;ldómqrjeishl= ks¾udKh lsÍfï mq¿,a cd;sl mrud¾:fhka mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< orejkag bf.kSug,efnk iqúfYaI;u úIhh fi!kao¾h úIhhs' th cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha fi!kao¾hwOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j f,i wm úiska y÷kd .kakd ,o my; ±lafjk fi!kao¾h úIhfhacd;sl oelau lsheùfuka Tng uekúka wjfndaO jkq we;'

fi!kao¾hfhka ixialD;sluh ,eoshd mqnqÿjd" tu.ska ks¾udKYS,S nj" ixfõ§;dj" ord .ekSu"YS% ,dxflah wkkH;dj yd foaYdkqrd.h jvjd ud;D N+ñh flfrys ixfõ§ jQ ore le,la ydiudchla ìys lsÍu'

(“To sensitize students and the community through aesthetics to the Mother Land, endowed withcultural pride, creativity, sensitivity, tolerance, partriotism and a sense of national identity”)

foaYh f.dvkexùfï § úYajh iu. hy in|;d mj;ajd .ksñka fmrg hk wkd.; mqrjeishdflfia úh hq;= o hkak .eUqßka úuid ne,Su;a iu`. fuf;la mej;s fi!kao¾h úIhfha cd;sloelau w;sl%uKh fldg fuu 2015 kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrKh foi kjuq oDIaáhla fy<dwe;s nj tkhska u Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

Wiia ri{;d {dkhlska hq;= udkj ys;jd§ Ñka;kfhys fyì ls%hdYS,S iudcdkqfhda.S mqrjeishl=f,i jev f,dalhg msúiSug fi!kao¾h wOHdmkfhka ,nk wdOHd;añl yd YdÍßl m%fndaOhbjy,a lr .ekSu woH;k iudc wjYH;djls'

fi!kao¾h wOHdmkfhka orejl= ;=< fid÷re fuka u ks¾udKYS,S yelshdjka yd Ñ;a;khm%j¾Okh lsÍu o úkh .rel" iodpdrj;a wNsudkj;a mqrjeishl= ;ekSfï j.lSu bgq lsÍu ofojeks jkafka wd.fuka ñksidg ie,fik fiajdjg muKs'

tneúka úoHd" .Ks;" jdKsc" ;dlaIK yd NdId úIhhkaf.ka {dkkh jk ñksia i;a;ajhdgñksia .=K Wreu lrfok fi!kao¾h wOHdmksl úIhhka bf.kSu todg;a jvd wog iy fyggw;HjYH u neõ ;rfha u lsj hq;= j we;'

fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh;a iu. wNskjfhka 6 fY%aKshg meñfKk orejkaa kjuqÑka;khla we;s w¿;a mrmqrla f,i ;ekqu Wfoid m<uq ls%hdldrlñka u iajhx fm,Uùulawe;s jk mßÈ leue;a; yd úYajdih .=rejrhd úiska Èkd .; hq;= h' ta i|yd áfnÜ cd;sltia' uyskao ysñhka w;ska úrÑ; —m%d¾:kdj˜ kï jQ l=vd <ud .Shla orejdf.a Ôjk m%;s{djlaf,i Èkm;d mdvu werUqug fmr .ehqug wms fhdackd lruq'

i i i - i i i - ß ß ß - ß ß ß -fyd | foa s ys ; ñ s ys ;= foa s ls h ñ s

i ß i ß i i ß - ß i ß i i i i -ls hq foa s l r ñ s l r ñ ka ye fo ñ s

fuu m%fõYh;a iu. werfUk fi!kao¾hfha úkaokd;aul bf.kqu cd;sl" ixialD;slwkkH;d yd úúO iïm%odhhka iam¾Y lrñka úYaj Ñka;khla lrd orejdf.a ±kqu" yelshdyd wdl,am mq¿,a lr .ekSug yels jk mßÈ úIh lreKq wm wOHdmksl fuys § ufkdaúoHd;aul mokñka hq;= j l%ñl j fm< .iajd we;'

vi

tys § kdhl;ajh" iyNd.s;ajh" bÈßm;a ùu" iqyo;ajh" iduQysl;ajh" we.ehSu" ijka§u" ms<s.ekSu"

fnodyod .ekSu" wkHhkag .re lsÍu wd§ wdl,am iEu isiqjl= ;=< u j¾Okhg wjia:dj

ie,fik mßÈ wm úiska fhdað; ls%hdldrlï ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lrñka bf.kqï b.ekaùï

mßirh ilid .ekSug .=rejrhd jYfhka Tng o bvlv we;'

;j o ffoksl Ôú;fha § uqyqK fok úúO .eg¨j,g id¾:lj uqyqK § ;¾ldkql+, j yd

ks¾udKd;aul j Ñka;kh fufyhjd tajd úi|d .ekSug wjYH mqoa., YlH;d j¾Okh lsÍug o

wm úiska j;auka mrmqrg odhl;ajh iemhsh hq;= j we;'

tneúka .=re Nj;=ka f,i Tn fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh fmrg jvd fyd¢ka mßYS,kh

lrkafka kï Tnf.a o Ñ;a;khg w¨;a wdf,dalhla yd m%fndaOhla ,efnkq we;' ta wdf,dal

lsrK cd;sfha ore le, u; m;s; j Tjqka o buy;a m%fndaOfhka fuu úIhh bf.kSug fhduq

jkq fkdwkqudk h'

tfia u ldhsl yd udkisl iunr;dfjka fyì fi!LH iïmkak fuka u kSfrda.S Èúfmj;la

.; lsÍug wjYH mqoa., YlH;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu yd hym;a wka;¾ mqoa., iïnkaO;d

f.dvkxjd .ksñka cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r ;,fha fkdie,S lghq;= lsÍug úpdrYS,S ukilska

fyì mqoa.,hl= ìys lsÍug j.ùu fi!kao¾h wOHdmk úIh Ndr j lghq;= lrk Tn wm

ieuf.a j.lSu fõ'

ta i|yd 2015 jif¾ isg 6 fY%aKsfhka werö l%shd;aul jk fuu kj m%;sixialrKh orejka

yryd wms ieu kjuq f,djlg msúiSfï jeo.;a wjia:djla f,i olsñka Woafhda.fhka yd

lemùfuka jvd;a M,odhs fiajdjla ie,iSug lem fjuq'

wOHlaI ^fi!kao¾h&cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

vii

úIhud,d lñgqj

WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh ( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,hcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iïnkaëlrKh ( fla' Ô' wð;a rEmfiak uhdjHdmD;s lKavdhï kdhl ^kdgH yd rx. l,dj&fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úIh ks¾foaY úfYaI{ Wmfoia ( uydpd¾h fjda,ag¾ udrisxy uy;dYS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúµd,h ^úY%dñl&

uydpd¾h frda,kaâ wfímd, uy;dfld<U úYajúµd,h

uydpd¾h ux.,sld ch;=x. uy;añhle,Ksh úYajúµd,h

úchr;ak m;srdc uy;dm%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Odß ^úY%dñl&cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

f,aLl uKav,h wNHka;r ( fla' Ô' wð;a rEmfiak uy;dfcHIaG lÓldpd¾hfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ndysr jreK w,yfldaka uy;diyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI" fi!kao¾h wxYhbiqremdh" n;a;ruq,a,

la,hsõ Ydka; uy;d.=re fiajh" Ydka; wdkd úµd,h" l=reKE.,

fifkúr;ak reøs.= uy;d.=re WmfoaYl - fld<U l,dmh

rKisxy wêldß uy;d.=re fiajh" uyskao úµd,h" .d,a,

wfkdaud l=udß iurlafldä uy;añhiyldr wOHdmk wOHlaIl,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" .sßW,a,

,,s;d chr;ak uy;añh.=re WmfoaYl - weô,smsáh l,dmh

ã' mS' iaj¾K,;d uy;añh.=re WmfoaYl - we,amsáh l,dmh

iuka lia;=ßr;ak uy;añh.=re fiajh ^úY%dñl&

Ô' lreKdj;S uy;añhwOHdmk mßmd,k fiajhYdka; mdjq¿ nd,sld úµd,h" fld<U

viii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia

kdgH yd rx. l,dj úIhh mdi,a uÜgñka 6 jeks fY%aKshg we;=<;a lrkq ,enqfõ 2007

j¾Ifha § h' 11 jeks fY%aKsh jk úg jvd;a mq¿,a whqßka ksmqK;d f.dv kexùu iòyd th

fnfyúka bjy,a ù we;' kdgH yd rx. l,dj .=re w;afmd; ielfikqfha tu ksmqK;d

ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sh jvd;a id¾:l lr .ekSu iòyd .=re Nj;dg Wmldrlhla jYfhks' tys §

isoaOdka;" ks¾udK" l=i,;d" ixialD;sl miqìu" úkaokh fuka u m%dfhda.sl nj mdol fldg

f.k l%shdldrlï f.dv kxjd we;' úfYaIfhka u fujr kj ks¾foaYh hgf;a ;jÿrg;a fuu

úIh lafIa;%h mq¿,a jk w;r" tys § m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï iòyd jeä wjOdkh fhduq fldg

;sfí'

fuu l%shdldrlï ;=<ska ±kqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d fuka u" p¾hd ixj¾Okh o isÿ flf¾' fuu

l%shdj,sh jvd;a id¾:l lr .ekSu iòyd wjYH udkj iïm;a yd fN!;sl iïm;a iïmdokh

lr §u wjYH fõ' kdgH yd rx. l,dj úIhh ms<snò j ,shejqKq fmd;a mßYS,kh lsÍu iòyd

mqia;ld, myiqlï ie,iSu" ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍu iòyd rx. mSG Ndú; lsÍu' ls%hdldÍ mka;s

ldurhla ie,iqï lsÍu' kdgH ;r. ixúOdkh lsÍu" rx. l,dj iïnkaO m%o¾Yk" újdo wd§

úúOdx. ixúOdkh lsÍu fuka u cd;sl ;,fha kdgH keröu iòyd isiqka fhduq lsÍu o u.ska

;jÿrg;a fuu ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh l< yels h' tfia u mejreï u.ska úIh lreKq .fõIKh

lsÍfï wjia:d o isiqkag ,nd Èh yels h'

tfuka u b.ekqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh u.ska b.ekqï m, idOkh iòyd ;lafiarelrKh

^we.hSï l%u& iEu mdvula iòyd u wka;¾.; fldg ;sfí' ta wkqj YsIH l%shdldrlï wdY%fhka

Tjqka <`.d lr .;a m%ùK;d uÜgu ms<snò úksYaphlg t<ôh yels h' YsIH l%shdldrlï

bÈßm;a lsÍu;a" th m%;sfmdaIKh lsÍu;a hk wxY follska fuu we.ehSï l%shdj,sh iukaú;

fjhs'

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYhg mßyrKh lsÍfï § fuu uQ,sl rduqj ;=< ;udg ,efnk iSñ; iïm;a

l<ukdlrKh lr .ksñka lghq;= lsÍfï ksoyi .=re Nj;d i;= fõ' WodyrKhla f,i isiqka

lKavdhï lsÍfï § mka;sfha YsIH ixLHdj ie,ls,a,g f.k iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lsÍu l<

yels h' tfuka u jdr ;=kg wod< j ld,Éfþo ie,iqï lr .ekSfï §" b.ekqï - b.ekaùï

l%shdj,sh jvd;a myiq jk wdldrfhka th ilia lr .; yels h' fuys l%shdldrlï iòyd §

we;s .S;" lú" l;dkaor wdÈh fjkqjg .=re Nj;dg wNsu; mßÈ fjk;a .S;" lú" l;dkaor

wdÈh fhdod .ekSug ksoyi ;sfí'

úfYaIfhka u .=re ud¾f.damfoaYhg iSud fkdù fY%aKsj,g WÑ; mßÈ kj ks¾udK ilia lr

.ekSug .=re Nj;dg wjia:dj we;' fuu ish¨ ld¾hhka u.ska orejdg jvd;a m%shckl mka;s

mßirhla yd b.ekqï wjia:d ,nd §u .=re Nj;df.a j.lSu jkafka h'

ix

mgqk

msgqj

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iii

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKúvh iv

ye|skaùu v -vi

úIhud,d lñgqj vii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia viii

úIh ks¾foaYh x-xxiv

b.ekqï b.ekaúï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 01-89

úúO iydh 90

x

kdgH yd rx. l,dj

úIh ks¾foaYh

11 fY%AKsh^2016 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

xi

ye¢kaùu

kdgH yd rx. l,dj hkq w;sYhska ks¾udKYS,S jQ;a" m%dfhda.sl jQ;a" úkaokSh jQ;a" úIh lAfIa;%hls' mdi,a moaO;sfha j¾;udkfha ls%hd;aul jk

ksmqK;d mokï lr.;a wOHdmk l%uh yd wkq.; úIh ks¾foaYhla f,i kdgH yd rx.l,dj úIh ks¾foaYh ye¢kaúh yels h'

uq,a ld,fha § w'fmd'i' Wiia fm< fYa%Ks i|yd muKla iSud ù ;snqKq fuu úIhh" 1992 cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ ks¾foaYh wkqj miqj

10"11 fYa%Ks olajd o jHdma; úh' th jvd;a mq¿,a mrdihl úldYh fjñka 2007 jif¾ § 6 jeks fYa%Ksfhka werfUk úIh ks¾foaYh" ksmqK;d mdol

wOHdmk l%uh yd uekúka noaO ù we;' fuu úIhh m%dfhda.sl;ajhg keUqre jQ" ksYaÑ; ksmqK;d <Õd lr.; yels ls%hdldrlï mdol fldg.;a

úIhhla jk neúka' iudc .eg¨ kdgHuh oDIaá fldaKhlska y÷kd f.k úkaokd;aul j .%yKh lr.ekSfï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu fuu.ska

wfmalaIs; h'

ks¾udKd;aul yelshdjka yd m%dfhda.sl l=i,;djka j¾Okh lsÍu;a" úpdrYS,S ridiajdohg yqre lsÍu;a wruqKq fldg f.k we;s fuu úIhh u.ska

kdgH isoaOdka;" ks¾udKd;aul yelshdj" m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlï" foaYSh ixialD;sfha ft;sydisl miqìu" yd úkaokSh udkj ys;jdÈhl= ìyslsÍu hk

mxpúO ksmqK;d idOkh lr .ekSu wfmalaId flf¾'

<ud ukig f.dapr jk úÑ;% f,dalh yd ùrls%hd jeks ixl,am f.dv ke.Sug kdgH yd rx.l,dj úIhh fhdod .ekSu fnfyúka id¾:l h'

wOHdmk lafIa;%fha § ms%hckl b.ekqï w;aoelSï ióm lrñka" ks¾udKYS,S mrmqrla f.dv ke.Su yd tu.ska iuia; mqoa., fm!reIh f.dv ke.Sfï

ld¾hh i|yd o fuu úIhh bjy,a fõ' kj f,dalfha ixlS¾K jQ;a" fõ.j;a jQ;a" jev mßirhg wjYH jk Y%uodhlhd o" úpdrYS,S

ks¾udKlrejd o" úkaokh yd iajdNsudkh$wd;audNsudkh mqreÿ mqyqKq l< udkj ys;jdÈhd o f.dv ke.Sug wjYH foaYSh wkkH;dj yd ixialD;sl

Wreuh" m%dfhda.sl;ajh yd ks¾udKYS,S;ajh .eí jQ l%ufõohla kdgH yd rx.l,dj úIhh ;=< wka;¾.; fõ'

iudc Ôú;fha uqyqK fok .eg¨j,g h:d¾:jd§ yd Y=Njd§ úi÷ï ,nd .ekSug wjYH fmr iQodku fuu.ska ,ndfok w;r" úkaokSh udkj

ys;jdÈhl= fuka u YS% ,dxflah wkkH;djlska fyì wNsudkj;a mqrjeishl= f.dvke.Sfï wNsfhda.h kdgH yd rx.l,dj úIh Ndr .=reNj;=ka

yuqfõ mj;sk Ndr¥r j.lSula nj wjika jYfhka i|yka l< hq;= h'

xii

cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq

mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <`.dùu iòyd mqoa.,hskag iy lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shg iydh úh hq;= h'

jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su iòyd wruqKq kshu lrkq ,eîh'

iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHqyhka yd l%shdj,ska ;=< oelsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkj ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkh ;=<ska <`.dlr .;

hq;= my; oelafjk wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh iòyd jQ ;u bÈß oelau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k

we;'

I udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl taldnoaO;dj"

cd;sl Rcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;+<ska cd;sh f.dvke.Su iy Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu

II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s odhdohka y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu

III udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<snò oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u ne`§ulska hq;=j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx.

m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iy mj;ajd f.k

hdug iydh ùu

IV mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm;a iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu

V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla iòyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=`M fjk;a Okd;aul wx.

,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka iòyd wOHdmkh

;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiaùug yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K

yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu

VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh iudk;ajh iy wfkHdkH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am

yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh lsÍu' ^Wmqgd .ekSu - cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj - 2003&

xiii

uq,sl ksmqK;d

wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; iòyka cd;sl wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug odhl jkq we;

(I) ikaksfõok ksmqK;dikaksfõok ksmqK;dikaksfõok ksmqK;dikaksfõok ksmqK;dikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<snò oekqu" rEml Ndú;h u; f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj hk wkqldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï lr .kS'

idlaIr;dj : idjOdkj weyqïlka §u meyeÈ,sj l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu iòyd lsshùu" ksjerÈ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu" M,odhs

whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu

ixLHd ms<snò oekqu : NdKav wjldYh yd ld,h .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï iòyd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h : f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K .<mñka úia;r Wmfoia yd woyia

m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj : mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï§ o fiajd mßY%hla ;=<§ o fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha§ o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok

;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu

(II) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;dfm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;dfm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;dfm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;dfm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

- ks¾udKYS,Snj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;Ska" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï

ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r inò;d" kj fidhd.ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu" jeks w.hhka

- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

(III) mßirhg wod< ksmqK;dmßirhg wod< ksmqK;dmßirhg wod< ksmqK;dmßirhg wod< ksmqK;dmßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhg wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh : cd;sl Wreuhka ms<snò wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK

hqla;sh ms<snò ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" fm!oa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï"

hq;=lï iy ne`§ï

xiv

ffcj mßirh : iÔù f,dalhl" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqo" c,h" jd;h iy cSjh - Ydl" i;a;aj yd

ñksia Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõoSnj yd l=i,;d

fN!;sl mßirh : wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia ðú;hg tajdfha we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we`ÿï" ksjdi" fi!LH"

iqj myiqj" iajikh" ;Skaÿ" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u,my lsÍu hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh"

ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu iòyd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï

l=i,;d fuys wvx.= fõ'

(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;djev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;djev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;djev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;djev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

- wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu

- ;u jD;a;Sh ,eÈhd iy wNsfhda.;d y`ÿkd .ekSu

- yelshdjkg iß,k whqßka ?lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;srir Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd

Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d

(V) wd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;dwd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;dwd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;dwd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;dwd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisÍï rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg

iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu iòyd w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh

(VI) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;dl%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;dl%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;dl%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;dl%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;H" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g"

wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;aoelSï

(VII) "bf.kSug bf.kqubf.kSug bf.kqubf.kSug bf.kqubf.kSug bf.kqubf.kSug bf.kqu" ms<snò ksmqK;d ms<snò ksmqK;d ms<snò ksmqK;d ms<snò ksmqK;d ms<snò ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd B g

ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a iòyd mqoa.,hskayg Yla;sh ,nd§u'

^Wmqgd .ekSu - cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj - 2003&

xii

xv

úIh wruqKq

mßirfha we;s ish¨u jia;+ka weiqfrka úkaokhla ,nd .ekSfï Yla;sh we;s tlu i;a;ajhd" ñksid h' ñksid yd ñksid w;r we;s jk úúO .eàï

kdgHuh oDIaá fldaKhlska y÷kdf.k" tajd úkaokd;aul j .%yKh lr .ekSfï yelshdj YsIHhd ;=< j¾Okh lsÍu fuys § wfmalaId flf¾'

ks¾udKd;aul Yla;s j¾Okh

kdgHuh ixisoaëka úkaokfha § fuka u ks¾udKfha § o m%n, f;audj,ska hqla; fõ' tÈfkod Ôú;fha ls%hdldrlï yd ñksia weiqr u.ska ,nk

w;aoelSï ks¾udKd;aul j m%ldY lsÍug yels wkqN+;Ska f.dv k.d .ekSfï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu o fuys ;j;a wfmalaIdjls'

m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d j¾Okh

kdgHdkqidÍ wNHdi u.ska ks¾udKh jQ;a" tfia u tÈfkod Ôú;fha ld¾hhka iM, lr .ekSug iß,kakd jQ;a" iajlSh pd,l yelshdjka fmdaIKh

lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk m%dfhda.sl wjia:d fuys § ie,iqï flf¾'

úpdr Yla;s j¾Okh

idys;Huh yd rx.uh jYfhka o ckikaksfõok udOHhka Tiafia Y%jHuh yd oDYHuh jYfhka o bÈßm;a flfrk kdgHuh ixisoaëka"

úu¾Ykd;aul j ;¾ldkql+, j úpdrhg ,la lsÍfï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu o fuys uQ,sl wfmalaIdjls'

úIhdkqnoaO foaYSh yd úfoaYSh wkkH;djka y\qkd .ekSu

b.ekqï ld¾hfha § fuka u" M,odhS ffoksl Ôú;hg jeo.;a jk ta ta úIhdkqnoaO foaYSh wkkH;dj ms<sìUq flfrk ixialD;sl Wreuhka ms<sn|j;a"

tu oekqu fmdaIKh flfrk fjk;a úfoaYSh Wreuhka ms<sn|j;a ksjerÈ Ñka;khlska hq;a pß;dhkhla isiqka ;=< cks; lsÍu wjYH lreKls'

kdgHuh wjia:d fi!kao¾hd;aul ú|.ekSu u.ska iudchg wjYH lrk udkj ys;jdÈhl= f.dvke.Su o fuu úIhfha uqLH wruqKla fõ' kdgH yd

rx. l,d úIhdkqnoaO oekqu yd tu.ska ukd wdl,am we;s lsÍu o fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha wfmalaIdj jkafka h'

xvi

1' kdgH yd rx. l,djgmdol isoaOdka; meyeÈ,slrhs

1'1zzm%dix.sl l,djZZ y`ÿkajhs'

1'2 rx. wdf,dallrKhy`ÿkd .kshs'

1'3 fõIN+IK y`ÿkd .kshs'

1'4 wx. rpkfhys fhfohs'

1'5 kdgH ix.S;h iy rx. úkHdih ms<sn`o úuihs'

1'1'1 m%dix.sl l,djg wh;a jkúIhhka y`ÿkd .ekSu'

1'1'2 m%dix.sl l,djkays uQ,sl,laIK y`ÿkd .ekSu'

1'1'3 fiiq m%dix.sl l,d w;=frkakdgH l,dfjys iqúfYaIS njy`ÿkd .ekSu'

1'2'1 rx. wdf,dallrKhwOHhkh lsÍu'

1'2'2 bka kdgHhg i sÿjkfufyh úia;r lsÍu'

1'2'3 rx.df,dal WmlrK y`ÿkd.ekSu'

1'3'1 fõIN+IK hkq l=ula oe hsy`ÿkd .ekSu'

1'3'2 fõIN+IKfha § ie,ls,su;aúh hq;= lreKq idlÉPdlsÍu'

1'3'3 fõIN+IKj,ska kdgHhlg ,efnk odhl;ajh úuiSu'

1'4 wx. rpkh i`oyd fhdod.kakd uQ,sl Ys,aml%u Ndú;h

1'5 kdgH" ix.S;h yd rx.úkHdih wOHhkh lsÍu'

♦ m%dix.sl l,d hkq l=ulaoehs y÷kd

f.k fiiq m%dix.sl l,d w;r kdgHl,dj iqúfYaI jk whqreúuihs'

♦ rx. wdf,dallrKh yd WmlrK

Ndú;h ms<sn| j lreKq .fõIKhlrhs'

♦ fõIN+IK yd wx. rpkh Ndú; lrk

wdldrh ksÍlaIKh lrhs'

♦ kdgH" ix.S;h" rx. úkHdih" rx. N+ñ

w,xlrKh wd§ lreKq ms<sn| j úia;rúuihs'

♦ kdgH - fm% al aIl iyiïnkaOh

ksÍlaIKh lrhs'

15

ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h

kdgH yd rx. l,dj - 11 fY%aKsh

b.ekqï m, ld,Éfþo

xvii

2' iajlSh mßl,amkhfufyhjd mrsirhwdYs%; w;aoelSï mdolfldgf.kks¾udKlrKfhysfhfohs'

1'6 rx. N+ñ w,xlrKhms<sn`o j úuihs'

1'7 kdgH l,dfjysfm%alaIl iyNd.s;ajhms<sn`o wjOdkh fhduqlrhs'

2'1 laIKsl ksrEmKfhysfhfohs'

2'2 wNsrEmK bÈßm;a lrhs'

2'3 úúO pß; ksrEmKhkays fhfohs'

1'6'1 rx.N+ñ w,xlrKhye`Èkaùu

1'6'2 tys § ie,ls,su;a úhhq;=lreKq ydkdgHhg bka,efnk odhl;ajhwOHhkh lsÍu'

1'7'1 fm%laIlhd hkq ljfrlaoe hs ye`Èkaùu'

1'7'2 fm%alaIlhdf.a wruqKq ydkdgH - fm%laIl iyiïnkaOh jgyd .ekSu'

2'1'1 iqÿiq pß; yd wjia:d f;dard .ekSu'2'1'2 ks¾udKd;aul laIKsl

ksrEmKhkays fh§u'

2'2'1 —wNsrEmK˜ hkafkys w¾:ksrEmKh lsÍu'

2'2'2 wNsrEmKh u.ska w;aoelSïbÈßm;a lsÍu'

2'2'3 kshu lrk ,o pß; weiqßka wNsrEmK bÈßm;a

lsÍu'

2'3'1 pß; ksrEmKh kdgHhlm%Odk wx.hla nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

♦ iajlSh w;aoelSï wNsrEmK u`.ska

bÈßm;a lrhs'

♦ ñksiqka" i;=ka" jia;+ka yd wjia:d

fhdod .ksñka mßl,amkh Wmfhda.sfldgf.k pß; ksrEmKfhys ydlaIKsl ksrEmKfhys fhfohs'

♦ kdgHuh wjia:d ks¾udKd;aulj

bÈßm;a lrhs'

♦ kdgH fm<la rpkdfldg k¿

ks<shka" fõIN+IK " wx. rpkdfõÈldw,xlrK" wd§ kdgH wx. WÑ; mßÈfhdod f.k fm< rx.hla njg m;alrhs'

♦ flá kdgH fm<la rpkd fldg th

ksIamdokh lrhs'

25




xviii

2'4 kdgHuh wjia:d ks¾udKh lrhs'

2'5 fm< rpkd lrhs'

2'6 k`M - ks<shka f;dard .kshs'

2'7 fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lrhs'

2'8 wx. rpkh ie,iqï lrhs'

2'3'2 pß; ksrEmKfhys,d jeo.;ajk lreKq idlÉPd lsÍu'

2'3'3 ñksiqka" i;=ka yd jia;+kamokï lrf.k pß;ksrEmKh lsÍu'

2'3'4 mßl,amkh Wmfhda.s lr.ksñka pß; ksrEmKhlsÍu'

2'4'1 kdgHuh wjia:d hkq l=ulaoe hsye`Èkaùu

2'4'2 wjia:d /ilska kdgHuhwjia:d fjkalr .ekSu'

2'4'3 tu wjia:d ks¾udKd;aul jbÈßm;a lsÍu'

2'5 úúO l;d mqj;a yd weiQ ÿgQfoa weiqßka kj w¾:l:kiys; j fm<la rpkd lsÍu'

2'6 kdgH fm<g wod< whqßkak`M ks<shka f;dard .ekSu'

2'7 kdgHhg WÑ; whqßkafõIN+IK ie,iqï lsÍu'

2'8 kdfgHdaÑ; wx. rpkhie,eiqï lsÍu'




xix

3'kdgH yd rx. l,dfõisoaOdka; wkq.ukhlrñka m%dfhda.sll%shdldrlïj,kshef<hs'

2'9 fõÈld w,xlrKie,iqï lrhs'

2'10' fm< rx.hla njg m;alrhs'

2'11flá kdgH ixl,amhy`ÿkdf.k ks¾udKlrhs'

3'1 rx. wNHdij, fhfohs'

3'2 kdgH fm< lshjhs'

3'3 ixjdo Ndú;fhysfhfohs'

3'4 kdgH .S; .dhkd lrhs'

2'9 fõÈld w,xlrK ks¾udKh lsÍu'

2'10 rpkd lrk ,o kdgHfm< rx.hla njgm;alsÍu'

2'11'1flá kdgH ixl,amhy`ÿkd .ekSu'

2'11'2flá kdgH fm<laks¾udKh lsÍu'

2'11'3tu fm< ksIamdokh lsÍu'

3'1'1 rx. wNHdij, jeo.;aluy`ÿkd .ekSu'

3'1'2 YdÍßl wNHdi" udkislwNHdi yd rx. l%Svdj,fh§u'

3'2 ks¾ÈIag fm< fyda fjk;akdgH fm<l kdgH wx..%yKh lr.ksñka fm<lsheùu'

3'3 úúO kdgHj,ska f;dard.;aixjdo Ndú; lsÍu'

3'4 merKs yd kj kdgH .S;Ndjd;aulwhqßka .dhkd lsÍu'

♦ YdÍßl - udkisl rx. wNHdihkays

iy rx. l%Svdjka ys fhfohs'

♦ kdgH fm< lshjñka" ixjdo Ndú;

lrhs'

♦ kdgH .S; Ndjd;aul j .dhkd lrhs'

♦ pß; m%;sks¾udKh lsÍfuys iy kdgH

fm<la rpkd fldg ksIamdokhlsÍfuys m%dfhda.sl j fhfohs'

♦ jdoH LKavhlg wkqj m%ldYkd;aul

ksrEmKfhys fhfohs'

20




xx

4'kdgH yd rx. l,djgiïnkaO Y%S ,dxflahixialD;sfhaft;sydisl miqìumeyeÈ,s lrhs'

3'5 pß; m%;sks¾udKhlrhs'

3'6 kj kdgH fm<ksIamdokh lrhs'

3'7 m%ldYkd;aulksrEmKhkays fhfohs'

4'1 foaYSh kdgH l,dfõb;sydih yd ine`ÈkdgH wxl=ruh wjia:dwOHhkh lr tyswe;sm%dix.sl ,laIKy`ÿkd.kshs'

4'2 foaYsh ckkdgHl,dj y÷kd.kshs'

3'5'1 ks¾ÈIag fm< fyda fjk;akdgH fm<l tk pß;m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu'

3'5'2 újO rx. ffY,Skag wkqjpß; m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu

3'6'1 kdgH fm< rpkd lsÍu3'6'2 k`MjrKh" rEmKh yd rx.

mqyqKqj3'6'3 wod< wdkqIx.sl wx.

ilid.ekSu3'6'4 rEmKfha § rx.N+ñh

Ndú; l< hq;= whqrem%dfhda.sl j w;aú`§u

3'7 ixhqla; ;eá u.ska imhkq,nk jdoH LKavhlgwkqj m%ldYkd;aulksrEmKfhys fh§u'

4'1 Ydka;sl¾uj, kdgHuh,laIK y`ÿkd.ekSu^fldfydUd lxldßh yduvq Ydka;s l¾u&

4'2'1 fidlß4'2'2 flda<ï

15




xxi

4'3 kdv.ï l,dj ms<sn| júuihs'

4'4 kQ¾;s l,dfõ úfYaI,laIK úuihs'

4'5 kdgH j¾. ms<snò jwOHhkh lrhs'

4'6 Y%S ,xldfõ kdgHl,dfõ m%.ukhgodhl jQ kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd .kshs'

4'7 Y%S ,xldfõ m%.ukhgodhl jQ rx. Ys,amSkams<snò j úuihs'

4'3'1 kdv.ï l,dfõ wdrïNh• kdv.ï l,dfõ rx. ffY,sh

• kdv.ï l,dfõ úfYaI ,laIK

4'4'1 kQ¾;s wdrïNh• kQ¾;s rx. ffY,sh• kQ¾;s úfYaI ,laIK

4'5'1 mßj¾;k kdgH4'5'2 wkqj¾;k kdgH4'5'3 iaj;ka;% kdgH

4'6' my; iòyka kdgH lrejkams<snò j .fõIKh lsÍu

4'6'1 ch,;a ufkdar;ak4'6'2 wd¾'wd¾'iurfldaka4'6'3 .dñKs y;af;dÜgqfõ.u

4'7 my; iòyka rx. Ys,amSkay`ÿkd .ekSu'

4'7'1 r;akd ,d,kS chfldä4'7'2 kS,a w,ia4'7'3 ueKsfla w;a;kdhl4'7'4 ruHd jks.fialr4'7'5 §mdks is,ajd4'7'6 pdkaokS fifkúr;ak4'7'7 iqñkao isßfiak




xxii

4'8 ixialD;sl yd idudðljákdlï iys; f;aud/.;a kdgHuh wjia:dks¾udKh lrhs'

5'1 ks¾ÈIag kdgH fm<iduQysl ri ú`§u yd tams<snò woyia m%ldYlrhs'

5'2 ks¾ÈIag fm< fydafjk;a fm<laksIamdokhla f,i riú`Èhs'

5'3 kdgH ks¾udKhiuia;hla jYfhkawe.ehSug ,la lrhs'

4'8 fn!oaO$yskaÿ$lf;da,sl$bia,dïixialD;sl yd idudðl jákdlïiys; f;audjkag wkqj kdgHuhwjia:d ks¾udKh lsÍu'

5'1'1 ks¾ÈIag kdgH fmf<ys f;audj"l;d jia;=j yd háfm< wdÈlreKq ms<snò j woyia m%ldYlsÍu'

5'1'2 ixjdo" ffY,sh" pß;" .egqïwjia:d" rx. úOdk" wmQ¾j;ajh"iQpH fldgia" yd m%fhdacHfldgia ms<snò j wjOdkh fhduqlrñka fm< riú`§u'

5'2'1 ks¾ÈIag kdgHh keröu' ^fõÈldfõ fyda ixhqla; ;eá

u`.ska&

5'2'2 rx. ffY,sh" prs; ksrEmKh"i;r wNskh Ndú; lsÍu wdÈhms<snò j wOHhkh lsÍu

5'3 kdgH ks¾udKh iuia;hlajYfhka f.k kdgH oDIaáhú.%y lsÍu

♦ ks¾osIag kdgH fm< ms<sn| j

woyia m%ldY lrhs'

♦ fmf<ys ish¨ wx. ms<sn| j

wjOdkh fhduq lrñka fm<riú¢h s ' kdgH keröfïwjYH;dj w;aú¢hs' ^m%o¾Ykhlrhs'&

♦ kdgHfh a ffY,h pß;

ksrEmKh" i;r wNskh Ndú;lsÍu wd§ lreKq wOHhkhlrhs'

♦ iuia; kdgH oDIaáh ú.%y lrhs'

5' kdgHuh wjia:dfi!kao¾hd;aul júò.ekSu ydudkjys;jdÈhl= f,iiudc.; ùfï yelshdjm%o¾Ykh lrhs'

15




xxiii

3 jdrhksmqK;d ld,ÉfþouÜgu2'52'6 122'72'82'92'10

3'63'7 04

1 jdrhksmqK;d ld,ÉfþouÜgu1'1'11'1'21'21'2'11'31'41'5'11'5'2 171'61'7

3'13'1''2 053'1'3

2 jdrhksmqK;d ld,ÉfþouÜgu2'12'2 082'32'4

3'23'33'4 113'5

11fYa%Ksh

uq¿ld,Éfþo

37

20

xxiv

3 jdrhksmqK;d ld,ÉfþouÜgu

05

5'15'2 095'3

30


4'1'14'1'2 074'24'2'2

29


4'3 4'74'4 12 4'84'5'14'5'24'6

31

11fYa%Ksh

uq¿ld,Éfþo

24

09

90

b.ekqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh

1

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( kdgH yd rx. l,djg mdol isoaOdka; meyeÈ,s lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( zzm%dix.sl l,djZZ y`ÿkajhs'

l%shdldrlu ( m%dix.sl l,d y`ÿkd.ksuq'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 02

b.ekqï m, ( • m%dix.sl l,dj hkak ks¾jpkh lrhs'

• m%dix.sl l,djg wh;a úIh lafIa;% y`ÿkd.kshs'

• ta ta l,dx.hg wdfõKsl iqúfYaI ,laIK y`ÿkdf.k f,aLk.;lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ix.S; ixo¾Ykhl" k¾;k o¾Ykhl" uqød kdgHhl" Tfmrdjl" fõÈldkdgHhl mska;+r fyda oDYH mg

l%shdldrlu ie,iqï lsÍu iòyd Wmfoia (

mshjr 01 mska;+r fyda oDYHmg fmkajñka my; iòyka lreKq isiqkag meyeÈ,slrkak'

mshjr 02 fm%alaIl fyda Y%djl msßila bÈßfha Ôjudk j bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk

l,dj m%dix.sl l,dj f,iska y`ÿkajkak'

kegqï" ix.S;h" kdgHh jeks l,d m%dix.sl l,d f,i y`ÿkd.; yels

nj úia;r lrkak' .dhkh" rx.kh" p,kh mokï lrf.k Ys,amshd f.a

fm!reIh uekúka yiqrejd .ksñka rx. N+ñhl flfrk ksrEmK

l,djla f,i m%dix.sl l,dj y`ÿkajdfokak'

ix.S; m%ix.hla tal, fyda iduQysl jYfhka iÔù f,i fõÈldjl

bÈßm;a lereK;a" Yío úldYk hka;% yd Yío mßmd,kh jeo.;a jk

nj;a" fõÈld ieris,s yd rx.df,dalh tys m%ix.d;aul iajrEmh ;Sj%

lrk nj;a" m%Odk udOHh kdoh nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

k¾;k l,dj bÈßm;a lsÍfï § wdx.sl wNskh m%Odk jk w;r" úúO

N+ yev;," wjldYuh yev;, iuqÉphlska ks¾udKh ù f.dv kef.k

iÔù l,djla nj o" fuys § ;d, jdµ NdKav ix.S;h iòyd fhdod

.efkk nj o myokak'

uqød kdgHhla o iÔù l,djls' uqød kdgHhlska l:djla fyda woyila

ksrEmKh lrk w;r" k¾;k Ys,amSka úiska rEmKh bÈßm;a flf¾'

fuys § wdx.sl jdÑl wNskh Ndú; fkdlrk nj;a" ix.S;h yd

rx.df,dalh b;d jeo.;a jk nj;a" fõÈld ieris,s w;HjYH fkdjk

nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Tfmrdj Ôjudk l,djla jk w;r" fõÈld ieris,s w;HjYH fkdùu"

.dhkh jeo.;a ùu" ix.S;h fhdod.ksñka l:djla fyda isoaêhla

ksrEmKh lsÍu jeks lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

m%dix.sl l,djla f,i kdgHh b;d iqúfYaIS nj úia;r lrkak' fuys §

k¿jka i;r wNskh fhdod .kakd nj;a" th iÔù l,djla nj;a"

k¿-fm%alaIl iyiïnkaOh b;d jeo.;a nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2

we.ehSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i`oyd Wmfoia (

• ix.S; ixo¾Ykhl m%dix.sl nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• kegqï ixo¾Ykhl m%dix.sl nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• uqød kdgHhl m%dix.sl nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• Tfmrdjl m%dix.sl nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• fõÈld kdgHhl m%dix.sl nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

mejreu ( m%dix.sl l,d jYfhka ie,flk úúO l,dx. we;=<;a mska;+r tl;=jlailia lrkak'

3


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( zm%dix.sl l,djZZ y`ÿkajhs'

l%shdldrlu 1'1'3 ( fiiq m%dix.sl l,d w;=frka kdgH l,dfjys iqúfYaI ,laIKy`ÿkd.ekSu'


b.ekqï m, ( • kdgHhl wka;¾.; l,dx. ms<snò j úuihs'

• úúO l,d udOHhkaf.a Ndú;h ms<snò wjYH;dj f;areï .kshs'

• úúO l,djka w;r kdgHhg ysñ ;ek wjfndaO lr.kshs'• iDcq fm%alaIl m%;spdr u; laIKsl j fjkiaùï l< yels nj

jgyd.kshs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • fõÈld kdgHhl oDYH mghla


mshjr 01 kdgHhla hkq iduQysl msßil f.a iyNd.s;ajh iy úúO l,dudOHhkaf.a ukd jQ iqixfhda.hla nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 02 oDYH mgh ̂ fldgila& keröug wjia:dj i,ikak' tys § Ndú; l,dudOHhka ksÍlaIKh lsÍug isiqkag Wmfoia imhkak'

mshjr 03 kdgHh iòyd i;r wNskh fhdod.ekSu" l;d jia;=jg m%n, ia:dkhla

ysñ ùu" wdlD;sh" ffY,sh yd f;audj wkqj kdgH m%fNao fjkia jk

nj" kdgH fm<l Ndú;h" fmf<ys we;=<;a rx. úOdkj, úfYaI;ajh"

ksYaÑ; ia:dkhl" ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla ;=< kerôh hq;= ùu" fm%alaIl

m%;spdr u; kdgHhl fjkiaùï mjd isÿl< yels ùu" fm%alaIlhd

rislhl= fuka úpdrlhl= jk nj;a myokak'


• kdgHhl m%dix.sl nj y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• kdgHhl we;=<;a úúO l,d udOHhka y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• iÔù nfjys we;s iqúfYaI;ajh wjfndaO lr.ekSu'

• kdgHh fjk;a l,d udOHhka iu. ieie`§u'

• kdgHhla m%o¾Ykh lsÍu iòyd iyNd.S jk msßi kï lsÍu'

mejreu ( fiiq m%dix.sl l,djka w;r kdgHhg ysñ ia:dkh ms<snòiúia;rd;aul rpkhla ,shkak'

4


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2'3 ( rx.df,dallrKh y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu ( fõÈldjg wdf,dalh


b.ekqï m, ( • fm%diSkshï fõÈldjl w`ÿr m,jd yeÍug Wml%u fhdackd lrhs'• wdyd¾h wNskfha úfYaI wx.hla jYfhka rx.df,dalh jeo.;a jk

nj ms<s.kshs'• fõÈld kdgHhlg rx.df,dalfha wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'• k¿ ld¾hh myiq lsÍu msKsi zzrx.df,dalhZZ iydh lr.kshs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( kdgHhla ±lafjk oDYH mghla


mshjr 01 w;S;fha rd;%s ld,fha mj;ajkq ,enQ Ydka;sl¾u" .eñ kdgl iòydwdf,dalh fhdod .ekSu w;HjYH ùu" mkaoï" fldmamrd myka" ÿïu,lSß .eiSu jeks oE Ndú;fhka wdf,dalh imhd.ekSu" wk;=rej lsÜikamyka" .Eia wdf,dal Ndú;fha isg j¾;udkfha b;d ÈhqKq wdldrfhkaúÿ,sh wdf,dalh fhdod.;a wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 02 oDYH mgh wdOdrfhka kdgH fldgila m%o¾Ykh lsÍug i,iajdwdf,dalh Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh ms<snò isiq wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak'

mshjr 03 mska;+r rduq fõÈldjla ;sr u.ska ;=ka me;a;lska wdjrKh ù we;s

nj;a" ta ksid u me;sfrk w`ÿr neyer lr.ekSu msKsi úÿ,sh wdf,dalhfhdod.; hq;= j we;s nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

úÿ,sh wdf,dalfhka fõÈldj wdf,dalj;a lsÍu m%Odk ld¾hhla jqj;arx.df,dalh Ndú;h kdgHfha .,dhdu iòyd fnfyúka m%fhdackj;ajk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 04 iuQyhla w;=frka mqoa.,hl= úfYaI lr fmkaùu" úfYaI ld¾hhla yqjd

±laùu" wjia:dj jvd ;Sj% lsÍu" mßirh yqjd ±laùu" ishqï rx.kwjia:d flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu" miq;, iú lsÍu" bj;a lsÍu"o¾Yk udre lsÍu" laIKsl j j¾K fjkia lsÍu hkd§ jYfhka iqúfYaIld¾hhka lsÍug rx.df,dalh fhdod.; yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'


• rx.df,dalh hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• rx.df,dalfha we;s jeo.;alu idlÉPd lsÍu'

• kdgH oDYH mgfha wdf,dal Ndú;h y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• wdfoaY WmlrK Ndú;fhka wdf,dalh imhd.ekSu'

• kdgHh iÔùlrKh lsÍu iòyd rx.df,dalfha jeo.;alu idlÉPdlsÍu'

mejreu ( rx.df,dal Ndú;fha iqúfYaI wjia:d ikd: flfrk PdhdrEm tl;=jlailia lrkak'

5


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2'3 ( rx.df,dal WmlrK y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu ( wdf,dal WmlrK yd Ndú;h


b.ekqï m, ( • rx.df,dal WmlrK y`ÿkd.kshs'• ta ta WmlrKj, ld¾hNdrhka úia;r lrhs'• rx.df,dalh WmlrK Ndú;h ms<snò úúO w;ayod ne,Sïys ksr;

fjhs'• ;uka f.a kdgH ksIamdok iòyd rx.df,dalh Ndú; lrhs'• fjk;a kdgH ksIamdok iòyd odhl fjhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • rx.df,dal WmlrK /.;a mska;+r• fõÈld kdgHfha wdkqIx.sl wx. - c.;a moauisß• kdgH l,dfõ rx.df,dalh - pkaøfiak oikdhl

• fõÈldjg wdf,dalh - fifkúr;ak frdä%f.da• fõÈld l<ukdlrKh - tï' i*S¾


mshjr 01 rx.df,dal n,an yd WmlrK iys; mska;+r m%o¾Ykh lrñkay`ÿkajdfokak'

^.=Kd;aul fhojqï jYfhka fhdað; .%ka: mßYS,kfhka úIh lreKqjeäÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lr.; yels h'&

m%Odk jYfhka Ndú; wdf,dal n,an yd WmlrK

Odrdf,dal myka - Flood light

fhduq myka - Spot light

j¾K pl%h - Colour wheel

ãurh - Dimmer

zz.,d hk t<shZZ hk w¾:h we;sj" mq¿,a fldaK wdf,dalhla iemhSu;a"miqìu yd wjldYh o fmdÿfõ uq¿ fõÈldj o wdf,dal lsÍug Odrdmyka fhdod.ekSu;a isÿ lrk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

b,lalh fj; úys§ hk wdf,dalh iys; fhduq myk" ldphla iys;neúka úysfok t<sh f,dl= l=vd jYfhka o ;shqKq $uo$wêl jYfhka o"<`." ÿr jYfhka o" fhduq myk fyj;a ;s;a mykg bÈßfhka j¾Kpl%h iú lsÍfuka nyqj¾K ,nd.; yels nj fmkajdfokak'

ãurh hkq wdf,dalh wvq jeä lrk md,l WmlrKhla nj meyeÈ,slrkak'

mshjr 02 fõÈld wdf,dal WmlrK Ndú;h ms<snò kj w;ayod ne,Sï ksrka;rfhkaisÿjk nj" mdù hk j,dl=<" .skaor" jeiai" ysu jeàu" f.dvke.s,s ydN+ñ o¾Yk iòyd m%lafIamK hka;% Ndú; jk nj iy iaá%ma (Strip),dïmq" ñr¾ fnda,a (Mirror ball), w,ag%d jh,Ü ,dïmq (Ultra violet), nn,aueÑka (Bubble maching) jeks úfYaI rx.df,dal WmlrK Ndú; jknj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

6

fõÈld kdgHhlg wdf,dal Ndú;h iòyd rx. wdf,dal ie,iqï m;lailia lr.; hq;= nj" tys wdf,dal ie,iqï m; (cute sheet) kï jknj ta iòyd úfYaI wdf,dal ie,iqï Ys,amsfhl= f.a iydh ,nd.kakdnj úia;r lrkak'


• rx.df,dalh iemhSfï § Ndú; lrk m%Odk myka yd WmlrKms<snò wjfndaOh'

• wdf,dal WmlrK iys; mska;+r /ia lsÍu'

• wdf,dal WmlrK ms<snò .fõIKh lsÍu'

• kdgH fm<lg" úÿ,sh wdf,dal Ndú;h iïnkaO fhdackd lsÍu ydigyka lsÍu'

• úÿ,s wdf,dal mßm: ms<snò ksjerÈ ±kqula ,nd.ekSu'

mejreu ( fõÈld kdgHhla iÔù j krUñka yd wdf,dal Ndú;h ms<snò ksÍlaIKhlrkak'

7


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ( fõIN+IK y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgHhl fõIN+IK


b.ekqï m, ( • fõIN+IK hkak meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• fõIN+IKj,ska kdgHhlg ,efnk odhl;ajh úuihs'

• fõIN+IK ks¾udKfha § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq idlÉPd lrhs'

• fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( f,dalO¾ó yd kdgHO¾ó kdgHj, mska;+r $ Ñ;%


mshjr 01 • imhd.;a mska;+r yd Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh lrñka k¿-ks<shka f.a we`ÿï -me<`ÿï ms<snò j idlÉPd lrkak'

• fõI hkq we`ÿï nj;a

N+IK hkq me<`ÿï nj;a

,shd olajkak'

• fõIN+IK wNHka;r yd ndysr iudfrdamhg n,mdk nj;a"fm!oa.,sl;ajfhka ñ§ pß;hg msúiSu iòyd k¿-ks<shkg fuhw;HjYH nj;a" fm%alaIlhkag kdgHfha pß; y`ÿkd.ekSugfõIN+IKj,ska m%n, b`.shla ,efnk nj;a" th wdyd¾h wNskfham%Odk wx.hla nj;a úia;r lrkak'

• fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd fõIN+IK Ys,amshl= iïnkaO ùu'

• fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lsÍfï § kdgHfha ffY,sh" ld,h" foaYh"hq.h yd pß; iajNdjh ms<snò j ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= ùu"

k¿jd f.a YÍr m%udKh" Pú j¾Kh wd§ lreKq flfrys ie,ls,su;aúh hq;= ùu" miq;, j¾K yd rx.f,dalh iu. .e<mSu" myiqfjkamßyrKh lsÍug yels whqßka ilia úh hq;= ùu"

we`ÿug .e<fmk wdldrfhka N+IK fyj;a wdNrK ilia úh hq;=ùu wdÈ lreKq ms<snò j úia;r lrkak'


• fõIN+IK hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• kdgHhlg fõIN+IK fhdod.ekSfï jeo.;alu úia;r lsÍu'

• f,dalO¾ó ffY,shg wod< j fõIN+IK weò ±laùu'

• kdgHO¾ó ffY,shg wod< j fõIN+IK weò ±laùu'

• fõIN+IK ks¾udKfha § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq fm< .eiaùu'

mejreu ( Tng fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lsÍfï ld¾hh mejereKfyd;a wkq.ukhlrk l%shdud¾.h wkqms<sfj<ska myokak'

8


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4 ( wx. rpkfhys fhfohs'

l%shdldrlu ( wx.rpkd uQ,O¾u y`ÿkd.ksuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • wx. rpkh yd wdkqIx.sl wx. w;r iïnkaO;dj úia;r lrhs'

• m%Odk wx. rpkd m%fNao 04 y`ÿkd.kshs'

• wx.rpkh iïnkaO uQ,O¾u y`ÿkd.kshs'

• pß; wx. rpkh lrhs'

• f,dalO¾ó yd kdgHO¾ó ffY,sh w;r fjki ksÍlaIKh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • úúO pß; we;=<;a mska;+r

• f,dalO¾ó yd kdgHO¾ó m%fNaohkag wh;a kdgH mska;+r

• fõÈld kdgHhl fldgila iys; oDYH mghla

• wx.rpkd øjH yd WmlrK lÜg,hla

• wdkqIx.sl l,d - c.;a moauisß

• rEmK m%fõYh - chka;d rKjl


mshjr 01 • mska;+r fyda kdgH oDYH mg isiqkag fmkaùfuka wx. rpkd úêflfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak'

• m%Odk wx. rpkd m%fNao 4 ls'

Straight - ir," iDcq" iajdNdúl

Character - pß;dx.

Stylized - ffY,s.;

Fantastic - uk(l,ams;

• wx.rpkd øjH Ndú; lrk wkaou b;d fyd`Èka ±k.; hq;= ùu'

• mskai,a u.ska j¾K" f¾Ld ksjerÈ j yeisrùug ±k.; hq;= ùu'

• rEmjdyskS kdgH i`oyd wx.rpkhka" fõÈld kdgH i`oydwx.rpkhka tlsfklg fjkiaùu'

• wx.rpkh lsÍug fmr mQ¾j ie,iqï ilia l< hq;= ùu'

• ksis mßÈ wx. rpkh bf.k .ekSug wNHdifhys fhÈh hq;= ùu'

• pß;hg iy rx. Ys,amshd f.a uqyqKg .e<fmk wdldrhg j¾K"f¾Ld" yev;, fhÈh hq;= ùu'

• wx. rpkh lsÍfï § we`ÿï ks¾udKhg" miq;, ks¾udKhg"rx.df,dalhg WÑ; f,i j¾K .e,msh hq;= ùu'

• j¾K iu. lghq;= lrk Ys,amSka y;r fokd jk wx.rpkd Ys,amshd"fõIN+IK Ys,amshd" miq;, ks¾udK Ys,amshd yd rx.df,dal Ys,amshdhk Ys,amSka f.a tl`.;djla ;sìh hq;= ùu'

• f,dalO¾ó kdgHhl wx. rpkh;a" kdgHO¾ó kdgHhl wx. rpkh;atlsfklg fjkia ùu

hkdÈ lreKq idlÉPd lrkak'

9


• wx. rpkd uQ,O¾u y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• wx. rpkd m%fNao kï lsÍu'

• j¾K u.ska pß;hl .;s ,laIK y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• mskai, yd j¾K f¾Ld ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu'

• zzpß;ZZ wx. rpkh lr fmkaùu'

mejreu ( .=Kd;aul fhojqï jYfhka kï l< .%ka: mßYS,kh lr" ±kqj;aùfuka hq;= j wx.rpkh lsÍfï wNHdifhys ksr; jkak'

10


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5'1 ( kdgH ix.S;h ms<snò úuiuq'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgHhl ix.S;h .ek fidhd n,uq'


b.ekqï m, ( • kdgHhl ix.S;h fhÈh hq;= wdldrh jgyd.kshs'

• kdgH .S;hla .dhkd lrhs'

• kdgHhlg ix.S;h jeo.;a jk whqre m%ldY lrhs'

• ix.S;h iqúfYaI f,i fhdodf.k we;s kdgH krUhs'

• kdgH .S;j,g wkqj rx.kfhys fhfohs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdgH .S; we;=<;a Y%jH" oDYH mg lSmhla

• kdgH .S; yd miqìï ix.S;h ukd f,i fhdod.;a kdgH oDYH mglSmhla

• kdgH .S; ,shk ,o m;%sld lSmhla


mshjr 01 • ix.S; fldgia we;=<;a kdgH ixhqla; ;eáhlg fyda iÔù .dhkhlgisiqkag weyqïlka§ug i,iajkak'

• tu .dhkfhka fyda ix.S; miqìï jdokj,ska isiqkag ±kqKq foams<snò j úuikak'

• isiqkaf.a ms<s;=rej, we;s lreKq o my; ±lafjk lreKq o Wmfhda.Slrf.k idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• kdgH ix.S;h wh;a jkafka wdyd¾h wNskhg jk w;r kdgH .S;wh;a jkafka jdÑl wNskhg nj'

• kdgHfha ffY,shg wkqj ix.S;h fhdod.; hq;= nj yd kdgH O¾óffY,sfha § ix.S;h iqúfYaI nj'

• f;audjg WÑ; f,iska ix.S;h Ndú; l< hq;= nj'

• kdgHfha wjia:d ;Sj% lsÍug odhl úh hq;= nj'

• fm%alaIlhd ;=< ri ckkh iòyd ix.S;h odhl úh hq;= nj'

• ks¾udKd;aul nj" úúO;ajh yd úÑ;%;ajh ueùu kdgH ix.S;fhauQ,sl wNsm%dhhka úh hq;= nj'

• kdgHuh wjia:d w;r iïnkaO;dj /l.ekSug o kdgH ix.S;hfhdod .; yels nj'

• kdgH .S; iòyd fhdok ix.S;h fuka u miqìï ix.S;h o k¿-ks<shkaf.a rx.h wìnjd fkdhk fia fhdod .; hq;= nj'

hkdÈ lreKq idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 02 • ukfï" isxyndyq jeks kdgH O¾ó kdgHhl ixhqla; ;eáhlg ydf,dal O¾ó kdgHhla ̂ úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< úlD;s kdgHh& isiqkagkeröug fyda weiSug i,iajkak'

krUk ,o fyda wik ,o kdgHfha ix.S;fha iqúfYaI;d ms<snò jidlÉPd lrkak' isiqka f.ka ta ms<snò j woyia úuiñka my;lreKq o Wmfhda.S lrf.k isiqka ,jd igykla ilia lrjkak'

11

• kdgHO¾ó ffY,sfha § jvd;a m%n, f,i yd ix.S;h uQ,sl fldgf.k kdgH r`. olajk nj'

• fuys § .S; .dhkd ^.uka ;d,& miqìï ix.S;h fuka u ixjdoNdú;h mjd ;d,dkql+ , j ßoauhdkql+, j isÿ lrkq ,nk nj'

• ix.S;h rfida;amdokhg bjy,a jk w;r u wkjYH f,i ix.S;hfhdod.ekSfuka rihg ndOd meñfKk nj'

• f,dalO¾ó ffY,sfha § ix.S;h wju jYfhka fhdod .ekSu fuka uix.S;h fhdod fkd.kakd wjia:d o olakg ,efnk nj ^le<Ksmd,u kdgHh tfia ix.S;h fhdod fkd.;a kdgHhls&

• kdgH wOHlaIjrhd f.a Wmfoia mßÈ ix.S; wOHlaI ;u ix.S;hks¾udKh l< hq;= nj'

• msgm;g wkqj wjYH kï muKla ix.S;h fhdod.; hq;= nj'


• kdgH ix.S;h y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• kdgH ix.S;h ffY,sh wkqj fjkiajk wdldrh ±laùu'

• kdgHfha ix.S;fhka ,efnk m%fhdack ±laùu'

• kdgH keröug we;s reÑl;ajh j¾Okh'

• kdgH .S; .dhkh yd rx.k l=Y,;dj'

mejreu ( krUk ,o kdgHhl ix.S;h ms<sn`o j úpdrhla lrf.k taug mejÍu'

12


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5'2( rx. úkHdih ms<snò j wOHhkh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( rx. rpkfha fhfouq'


b.ekqï m, ( • rx. úkHdih l=ula ± hs úia;r lrhs'• rx. úkHdifha uQ,sl ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'• kdgHhlg rx. úkHdih jeo.;a jk whqre úia;r lrhs'• kdgHhl rx. úkHdih ilihs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdgH o¾Yk lsysmhla iys; ixhqla; ;eá lsysmhla

• kdgH PdhdrEm lsysmhla


mshjr 01 • kdgH o¾Yk lsysmhla m%o¾Ykh lrñka mdvu wdrïN lrkak'ùäfhda mgj, olakg ,enqKq kdgH o¾Yk;, k¿-ks<s p,k isÿjkwdldrh úuiñka mdvug msúfikak'

• kdgHhl hï wjia:djla ksrEmKh lr olajk úg tu wjia:djgwod< j k¿-ks<s p,khka ;¾ldkql+, j;a" ;d,dkaú; fydaßoauhdkql+, j;a fm< .eiaùu rx. úkHdih f,i fláfhka u±laúh yels nj fmkajdfokak'

• kdgHfhys ±lsh yels ixp,kh mokï fldgf.k k¿-ks<shkaf.dkq lrñka o wdkqIx.sl l,djka Bg ixfhdackh lrñka oks¾udKh lrkq ,nk fõÈld Ñ;%h rx. úkHdih f,i ie,lshyels nj fmkajdfokak'

mshjr 02 • .=rejrhd <`. we;s kdgH PdhdrEm o Ndú; lrñka fõÈldj ;=<k¿-ks<s p,kh u.ska rx. úkHdih isÿjk whqre ;j ÿrg;a myokak'

• úfYaIfhka rx. úkHdifha § fõÈldfõ msysàu ^N+f.da,h&ie,ls,a,g .ksñka fõÈld iunr;dj o ie,ls,a,g .ksñka p,kmoaO;sh ks¾udKh l< hq;af;a m%n, w¾:hla iy oDYH rEmhlauefjk whqßka nj fmkajdfokak'

• rx. rpkfha § p,k j¾." yev;, ms<snò j wjfndaOh iy we;eïúg hï hï k¾;kdx. ms<snòj o Ys,amshdg wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;=nj;a" fõÈld miq;, yd rx.df,dalh o we;eï úg fõIN+IK orx.úkHdih id¾:l lr.ekSfï § bjy,a jk nj;a fmkajd fokak'

mshjr 03 • rx. úkHdih iòyd foaYSh kdgH ksIamdok lsysmhla WodyrKjYfhka bÈßm;a lrkak' ukfï kdgHfha jeÈ rcq yd ukfïl=ure w;r igk bÈßm;a lr we;af;a k¾;kdkql+, rx. úkHdihlskanj;a" yqKqjgfha l:dfõ uhsl,a l=udrhd yqKqjgfha ;shd fome;a;gwÈk wjia:dj k¾;dkql+, fkdjk p,k fm<lska rx. úkHdihf.dv k.d we;s nj;a fmkajdfokak'

• k¿-ks<shka iuQyhla isáh;a ;ks fyda fofofkla isáh;a TjqkafõÈld wjldYh ;=< p,kh lrjk wdldrh rx. úkHdih f,iy`ÿkajk nj fmkajdfokak'

13

mshjr 04 rx. úkHdi ld¾h meyeÈ,s lr,Sfuka wk;=re j isiqka lKavdhï 4lg iudk jk fia fnod .=rejrhd úiska kï lrk ,o fõÈld kdgH±lafjk ùäfhda mg krUd k¿-ks<shkaf.a p,k rgdjka isÿjk wdldrhms<sn`o j ksÍlaIKh lsÍug;a tajd lKavdhula jYfhka o ksrEmKhlr oelaùug;a wjia:dj i,id fokak'


• rx. úkHdih hkq l=ula ± hs úia;r lrhs'

• rx. úkHdih ;=< we;s wx. ,laIK fjka fjka j olajhs'

• kdgHhl w¾:hg rx. rgd ks¾udKh jeo.;a nj ms<s.kshs'

• kdgH o¾Ykhlg wod< rx. úkHdih ks¾udKh lrhs'

• rx. úkHdih ;=<ska f.dv kef.k fi!kao¾hd;aul nj úia;rlrhs'

mejreu ( isiqka lKvdhï lr ,nd ÿka kdgH ùäfhda o¾Yk Ndú; lrñka k¿-ks<s p,k iys; wjia:d ks¾udKh lr fmkaùug fhduq lrjkak'

14


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6 ( rx.N+ñ w,xlrKh ms<snò j úuihs'

l%shdldrlu ( rx.N+ñ w,xlrK y`ÿkd.ksuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • rx.N+ñ w,xlrKh hkak úia;r lrhs

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrKfhys úúO;d y`ÿkd.kshs'

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrK ks¾udKh lsÍfï uQ,sl isoaOdka; y`ÿkd.kshs'

• ks¾udKlrKh iòyd fhdod.; yels wuq øjH úia;r lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdgH lSmhl miq;, o¾Yk iys; mska;+r

• id¾:l miq;, ks¾udKhkaf.ka hqla; jQ kdgH Y%jH oDYH mg


mshjr 01 kdgH miq;, iys; mska;+r yd oDYH mg fmkajñka mdvug m%fõY úhyels h'

mshjr 02 • tu miq;, ms<snò woyia m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjldY i,iñkamy; ±lafjk lreKq idlÉPdjg n`ÿka lrkak'

• kdgHfhka bÈßm;a jk úúO wjia:djkag WÑ; whqßka rx.N+ñhilia lsrSu rx.N+ñ w,xlrKh hkqfjka ye`Èkafjhs'

• k¿ ld¾hh biau;= jk f,i;a" r`.mEug wmyiq;d we;s fkdjkf,i;a" rEmK rgdjg .e<fmk f,i;a rx.N+ñ w,xlrK l< hq;= h'

• th yqÿ ieris,a,la fkd j" o¾Ykhg WÑ; mßÈ fõÈldj ieriSuls'

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrKh ks¾udKd;aul j" kdfgHdaÑ; j" w,xldr f,i"ir, j ilia l< hq;= fõ'

• kdgH fmf<ka lshefjk foaYhg" ld,hg yd hq.hg .e<fmkwhqßka fuka u rx. ffY,shg WÑ; whqßka rx.N+ñ w,xlrKh l<hq;= fõ'

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrKfha È j;aufkys Ñ;% jia;% fuka u ia,hsâia^j¾K úksúol&" m%lafIamK jeks úúO ;dlaIKhka o Ndú; lrhs'

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrK iys; j fuka u rys; j o kdgHhla bÈßm;a l<yels h'

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrK ixfla;d;aul j o bÈßm;a l< yels h'

• Ôjudk k¿ks<shka fhdod .ekSfuka o rx.N+ñ w,xlrK isÿlrkq,nhs'

• rx. w,xlrKh iòyd fhdod .kakd iEu NdKavhla u kdgHfhal%shdj,sh yd ne`§ mej;sh hq;= h'

• mßyrKfha myiqj" blaukska iú lsÍu" .e,ùu" m%jdykh" weisÍujeks ld¾hkays myiqj i,ld ks¾udKh l< hq;= fõ'

• rx.N+ñ w,xlrK yd fõIN+IK ks¾udKh rx.df,dalh iu.iqixfhda.S úh hq;= fõ'

• wêl úhoï fkdord ir, iy Yla;su;a wuqøjH fhdod .ksñkaw,xlrK ilia lsÍu ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

15

mshjr 03 isiqka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnod" ud;Dld fnod foñka" wod< miq;,weò ±laùug isiqka fhduq lrkak' ks¾udK w.h lrkak'

• jk wrKla

• m%Odk k.rhla

• mQcH ia:dkhla

• ld¾hd,hSh mßirhla

• Èh we,a,la iys; N+ñhla


• fõÈld w,xlrKh hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• fõÈld kdgH iòyd w,xlrK fhdod .ekSfï jeo.;alu idlÉPdlsÍu'

• w,xlrK ks¾udKfha § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq wjOdrKh lsÍu'

• ks¾udKd;aul yd ixfla;d;aul w,xlrK weò±laùu'

• fõÈld w,xlrK iys; mska;+r /ia lsÍu'

mejreu ( Tng fõÈld kdgHhla iòyd miq;, ks¾udKh lsÍfï ld¾hh mejreKfyd;a Tn wkq.ukh lrk l%shdud¾.h wkqms<sfj<ska meyeÈ,s lrkak'

16


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7 ( kdgH l,dfjys fm%alaIl iyNd.s;ajh ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( n,uq" ú`Èuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • fm%alaIlhd hkq ljfrla oe hs ks¾jpkh lr.kshs'

• fm%alaIlhd" úpdrlhl= p rislhl= fuka u úksYaphlrejl= o jknj m%ldY lrhs'

• fm%alaIl m%;spdr kdgHhl .=Kd;aul nj uek.ekSug fya;= jkks¾Kdhl jk nj mjihs'

• fm%alaIl m%;spdr kdgHhg wjYH u wx.hla nj fmkajdfohs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fõÈld kdgHhla krUk fm%alaIl msßil f.a mska;+rhla" kdgHhlakrUk fm%alaIl msßil f.a ùäfhda mghla" l%Svd ;r.hla krUkmsßil f.a mska;+rhla


mshjr 01 isiqka msßilg fmr ÿka Wmfoia wkqj isiq w;a±lSula kdgHdkqidrfhkabÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:djla fokak' wfkla isiqkag th keröugwjia:djla ,nd fokak'

tu wjia:dj keröfuka miq ta ms<snò idlÉPd lrñka mdvugmsúfikak' isiqka bÈßm;a l< w;a±lSu .ek .=Kd;aul fhojqï jYfhkaf;dard.;a ish,a, o Ndú; lrñka idlÉPd lrkak'

b.ekqï wjYH;djlg" ld,h f.jd±óug" úfkdao ùug" kdgHhlafyda fjk;a ixo¾Ykhla keröu iòyd úfYaIfhka iQodkï j meñfKkmqoaa.,hd fm%alaIlhd jYfhka i,lk nj myodfokak'

mshjr 02 isiqka lKavdhï lr ud;Dldjla ,nd § fyda isiqka ,enQ w;a±lSulakdgHhla f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:djla îQodkï ùug úkdä 2 la&,nd §fuka miq" ta ms<snò woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug bv ,ndfokak&

• úfYaIfhka tu bÈßm;a lrk woyia úpdrhg fuka u" ri ú`§ug;a"wka wh f.a ks¾udK w.h lsÍug isiqka fufyhjd .ekSug;a fm%alaIlm%;spdr kdgHhl w;HjYH wx.hla nj ;yjqre lrkak'

• kdgH o¾Ykhlg fm%alaIlhd wjYH njg;a" fm%alaIlhd ke;skïkdgHhla fkdue;s njg;a lreKq idlÉPd lrkak'

• fm%alaIl m%;spdr kdgHhla ms<snò hïlsis ;lafiare lsÍula f,iglreKq myokak'

• fm% alaIlhd hkq úpdrlhl= $ rislhl= $ muKla fkd júksYaphlrejl= o jYfhka y`ÿkajd § idOdrK úpdrh yd m%;spdrkdgHfha bÈß .ukg fya;=jk j. o meyeÈ,s lrkak'


• fm%alaIlhd hkak ye`Èkaùu'

• fm%alaIlhd úpdrlhl= fuka u ri ú`Èkakl= nj m%ldY lsÍu'

• fm%alaIlhd kdgHhlg wjYH u wx.hla nj m%ldY lsÍu'

17

• wka wh f.a ks¾udK riú`§ug;a w.h lsÍug;a leu;s ùu'

• idOdrK úpdrh yd m%;spdr kdgHhl id¾:l;ajhg fya;= jkwhqre úia;r lsÍu'

mejreu ( • Tn ÿgq kdgHhla ms<sn`o úpdrhla lrkak'

• fm%alaIlhl= jYfhka Tn ,enQ w;a±lSula fláfhka i`oyka lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( 1' <ud kdgHlrKh - pkaøfiak oikdhl

2' fjia uqyqK o ienE uqyqK o - ^fm%alaIlhd mdvu lshjkak&

uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø

3' fm%alaIlhd i`.rdj ^wxl 01& - mika fldäldr

4' kdgH m%fõYh - rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s

5' kdgH yd rx. N+ñ Ys,amh - ¥ria: fudähq,h - úfÊr;ak m;srdc

18

ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( iajlSh mßl,amkh fufyhjd mßirh wdY%s; w;a±lSï mdol fldgf.kks¾udKlrKfhys fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1'1 ( laIKsl ksrEmKfhys fhfohs' 2'1'2

l%shdldrlu ( iqÿiq pß; yd wjia:d f;dard.ekSu iy ks¾udKd;aul laIKslksrEmKhkays fh§u'


b.ekqï m, ( • laIKsl ksrEmKh hkq l=ula ± hs m%ldY lrhs'

• laIKsl ksrEmKfha uQ,sl úêl%u jgyd.kshs'

• laIKsl ksrEmK l%shdj,sfha fhfohs'

• wjia:d yd pß; laIKsl j ksrEmKh lsÍug mßl,amkh iyks¾udKd;aul Ñka;kh wjYH nj mjihs'


mshjr 01 isiqka ksoyia wjldYhlg /f.k hkak' isiqka ljhl wdldrhgisgqjd ljh ueo mqgqjla ;nkak' mqgqj mqgqjla f,i fkdf.k fjk;aNdKavhla f,i is;d tu NdKavh yd ne`ÿKq l%shdjla ksrEmKh iòydisiqka lsysm fokl=g wjia:dj ,nd fokak' isiqka lsysm fokl= f.aksrEmKhka krUd bka wk;=re j tu ks¾udKd;aul l%shdldrlïms<snò j úuiñka laIKsl ksrEmKh hkq l=ula o hkak jgydfokak'

mshjr 02 • zzmsgm;lska f;dr j iSñ; ld,hla ;=< fok ,o b`.shlg wkqjlsishï wjia:d ksrEmKhla lsÍu laIKsl ksrEmKhZZ nj m%ldYlrkak'

• wjia:djg fyda isoaêhg wod< j ;u mßl,amk Yla;sh fufyhjdks¾udKd;aul pß; yd isoaê f.dvk.d .ekSu laIKsl j l< hq;=nj;a" th wNskhg Ndú;d lrñka ta fudfydf;a u r`. ±laùu l<hq;= nj;a fmkajdfokak'

• fï wkqj laIKslj ,efnk ud;Dldjg wkqj mßl,amk Yla;shfufyhjd iajlSh w;a±lSï o mokï lrf.k wkqlrK ud¾.fhka

wjia:djla m%;sks¾udKh lr ±laùu fuu.ska isÿ fõ' fuu yelshdj;=<ska rx.k Ys,amshl= f.a olaI;dj ueksh yels nj m%ldY lrkak'ixúOdk.; kdgH rx.khl § fyda kdgH jevuq¿j, § fuulaIKsl ksrEmK yelshdj k¿jdg fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a jk njfmkajdfokak' fuh tal, jYfhka o iduQysl jYfhka o bÈßm;al< yels nj iòyka lrkak'

mshjr 03 • isiqka lKavdhï 3 lg fyda 4 lg fnokak' tu lKavdhïj,glaIKsl j ksrEmKh l< yels fj<òfmd<la" u< f.orla" frday,lwjia:djla jeks ud;Dld ,nd fokak' úkdä 5-10 la w;r ld,hla;=< wjia:djla f.dv k.d f.k bÈßm;a lsÍug fhduq lrjkak'

mshjr 04 • isiqkaf.a laIKsl ksrEmK wjia:d krUd uq,ska u isiqkaf.ka tams<snò j woyia úuikak' fojkqj .=re woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'uQ,slj u Tjqkaf.a ksrEmKfha w.h l< hq;= idOkSh ,laIKfmkajd § isiqka Èßu;a lrkak' bkamiq wvqmdvq o fmkajd fokak'

19

• fok ,o ud;Dldjg wod< j laIKsl ksrEmK wjia:djlaf.dvk.d.kakd úg laIKsl ksrEmKh ;=< we;s my; iòyka ,laIKms<snò j o wjOdkh fhduq lrjk fuka okajkak'

• ksrEmK wjia:dj ;=< hïlsis isÿùula" l%shdldß;ajhla ;sìh hq;= h'l:djla m%ldY jk wldrhg wjia:dj f.dv k.kak Wmfoia fokak'kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla úh hq;= nj m%ldY lrkak'

• wjia:dj yd nefòk" ta ;=< wdrïN ù wjika jk kdgHuhl%shdldß;ajhg wod< jk pß; f;dard .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'

• laIKsl ksrEmK wjia:djla hkq yqÿ wjia:djla wkqlrKhg jvdpß; .efgk kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla ksrEmKh ùu nj fmkajdfokak'

• fï wkqj isiqka úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o laIKsl ksrEmK kej; fïlreKq o i,ld n,d jvd;a kdgHuh wdldrhg f.dvkxjd kej;r`. olajd fmkaùug fhduq lrjkak'


• laIKsl ksrEmKh hkq l=ula ± hs m%ldY lsÍu'

• laIKsl ksrEmK wjia:d ksrEmKh lsÍu'

• laIKsl ksrEmK l%shdj,shg wod< uQ,sl l%ufõohka m%ldY lsÍu'

• laIKsl ksrEmKh jeo.;a jk wjia:d m%ldY lsÍu'

• laIKsl ksrEmKh ljrdldr ± hs úuiSu'

mejreu ( <uqka úiska mka;s ldurfha bÈßm;a lrk ,o laIKsl ksrEmKh jvd;afyd`Èka f.dv kxjd f.k flá kdgHuh wjia:djla ks¾udK lsÍu'

20


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( wNsrEmK bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 2'2'1 ( wNsrEmK hkafkys w¾: ksrEmKh lsÍu iy wNsrEmKh u.ska w;a±lSï 2'2'2 2'2'3 bÈßm;a lsÍu'


b.ekqï m, ( • wNsrEmKh hkak w¾: ksrEmKh lrhs'

• wNsrEmK rx.kh iòyd Ndú; flfrk l%uYs,am ish rx.k iòydNdú; lrhs'

• úúO w;a±lSï wNsrEmKh u.ska bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wNsrEmK Ys,amSka kï lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • wNsrEmK rx.k Ys,amshl= f.a PdhdrEmhla

• wNsrEmK rx.khl ùäfhda mghla

^cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh u.ska ksl=;a lrk ,o ùäfhda mgh o we;=¿j&


mshjr 01 .=rejrhd úiska mka;shg /f.k tk ,o wNsrEmK Ys,amshl= f.aPdhdrEmhla fyda ùäfhda o¾Ykhla fmkaùu ;=<ska mdvug msúfikak'uq,ska u zzwNsrEmKhZZ hkak ks¾jpkh fldg tys w¾:h myod fokak'tys uQ,sl iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrkak' ta iòyd w;sf¾l Woõ 1 fhdod.kak'

mshjr 02 wNsrEmK rx.khla iòyd úúO w;a±lSï mokï lr.kakd nj;aúfYaIfhka u k¿jdg wNskh mEug yels iy krUkakdg ujd mEugyels isÿùï iy wjia:d tfia ks¾udKh lr .kakd nj;a m%ldY lrkak'wNsrEmK rx.khla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKqfmkajdfokak' w;sf¾l Woõ 2 fhdod .kak'

mshjr 03 wNsrEmK rx.kfha § Ndú;d lrk uQ,sl Ys,amSh l%u ms<snò j isiqkagwjfndaOhla ,ndfokak' w;sf¾l Woõ 03 Ndú; lrkak'


• wNsrEmK rx.h w¾: ksrEmKh lsÍu'• wNsrEmK rx.hg wod< wjOdkhg .; hq;= lreKq m%ldY lsÍu'

• wNsrEmK rx.fha l%uYs,am lr ±laùu'

• wNsrEmKfha § m%uqL jk wNskh kï lsÍu'

• wNsrEmKhla bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh úia;r lsÍu'

mejreu ( mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï lr iqÿiq ud;Dld ,nd fokak' iduQyslwNsrEmK rx.hla ks¾udKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ 01 ( wNsrEmKh hkqfjka ye`Èkafjkafka wdx.sldNskh uQ,sl lrf.kjdÑldNskfhka f;dr j hïlsis isoaêhla fyda l%shdldrlula ks¾udKYS,S jr`. olajd fmkaùu hs' id;a;aúl wNskh o fï iòyd fhdod .kq ,nkw;r m%uqL jkafka wdx.sldNskh hs'

21

Ys,amshd lsisÿ úgl ienE f,dalfha øjH mßyrKh fkdlr ysia wjldYfha ish¨ uøjHhkays yevh" nr" m%udKh meyeÈ,s f,i ujdmdhs' wNsrEmK Ys,amshd lsishï wjia:djlafyda isÿùula iïnkaO l%shd moaO;sh wx.ydrh (Gesture) iy bßhõ Ndú; lrñka o ta ;=<hïlsis .egqula iys; l%shdldß;ajhla f.dv kef.k whqßka o ks¾udK l< hq;= fõ'

Wod( <uhd irex.,hla hjkjd muKla m%udKj;a ke;' ta yd ne`ÿKq hï >Ügkd;aull%shdj,shla ksrEmKh jk fia wNsrEmKh f.dv ke.sh hq;= hs'

wNsrEmK rx.khka m%Odk jYfhka u tal, j bÈßm;a lsÍula f,i ±lsh yel'tfy;a bòysg iduQysl wNsrEmK rx. bÈßm;a fõ'

w;sf¾l Woõ 02 (

wNsrEmK rx.khla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § fhdod.kq ,nk wNHka;r Ys,am l%u iy ndysrYs,am l%u jYfhka Ys,am l%u oaú;ajfhla fõ'

wNHka;r Ys,am l%u hkq wNsrEmK rx.khg wod< lr.;a isoaêfha wjia:djka ms<snò jb;d ishqï ukiska fufkys lsÍuhs'

ndysr Ys,am l%u hkq ukiska ks¾udKh lr.;a isoaêh isrer Wmfhda.S lrf.k bÈßm;alsÍuhs'

wNsrEmK rx.khla ks¾udKh lr.ekSfï § úfYaIfhka u ñksia isrer Ndú;h ;=<skaúúO foa ujd mEug yels wdldrfha wjia:djka yd isÿùï f;dard.; hq;= hs' ksrEmKh;d;a;aúl;ajh blau jQ wêrx.k iajNdjhla .kS' tkï w;sYfhdala;sfhka hqla; ksremKhls'p,khka ;=< o hïlsis ßoaudkql+,Ndjhla we;'

f;dard .kakd isoaêh kdgHuh .=Kfhka hqla; j f.dvk.d .; hq;= hs' idudkHfhkawNsrEmK rx.hla úkdä 5-10 ;a w;r ld, isudjlg iSud lr.; hq;= fõ'

wx. rpkh o iqúfYaIS Ndjhla .kS' úfYaIfhka uqyqKq rpkh lrkafka pß;hla u;=jkwdldrhg uqyqfKa Wmdx. jvd;a fyd`Èka biau;= jk wkaoug hs'

Ndú; lrkq ,nk we`ÿïj, iajNdjh o j¾Kh o Ys,amshd jvd;a lemSfmkSug fya;= jkwhqßka fhdod.kS' pß;fha iajNdjhg wkqj we`ÿï Ndú; lrkafka ke;' YÍrdx. uekúkabiau;= jk whqßka we`ÿï Ndú; lrhs' bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk wNsrEmK rx.h jvd;a ;Sj%lsÍug iy w¾:j;a lsÍug rx.hg wod< Yío iy kdohka ̂ ix.S;h& we;eï úg Ndú; fõ'

iSñ; wjldYhla ;=< krUk fm%alaIlhdg úúO riNdj iy w¾: ckkh jk fia iuia;rx.h f.dvk.d .ekSu isÿ fõ'

w;sf¾l Woõ 03 (

wNsrEmK rx.kh idudkH ;d;a;aúl rx.khg jvd fjkia fõ' ;d;a;aúl;ajh blaujQw;sYfhdala;shla o p,k hï ßoauhdkql+, Ndjhlska bÈßm;a lsÍu o wNsrEmK rx.j,±lsh yels ,laIKhls' fujka wdldrhlg bÈßm;a ùfï § ta iòyd u jQ Ys,am l%u we;'

idudkHfhka wNsrEmKj, weú§u isÿjkafka idudkH wdldrhg fkdfõ' wNsrEmKhmqyqKq ùfï § .uka rgd lsysmhla we;'

ieye,a¨ bÈß .ukme;s .ukÿIalr .ukwdmiq .uk

tfuka wNsrEmKfha § úúO jia;+ka wNskfhka ksrEmKh lsÍfï § w;a iy mdo p,khlsÍu o hï ßoauhdkql+, Ndjhlska isÿ lrhs'

22


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( úúO ksrEmKhkays fhfohs'

l%shdldrlu ( pß; ksrEmKh y`ÿkd.ekSu'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdgH msgm;a lsysmhla

• kdgHhl úúO pß; ksrEmKh flfrk PdhdrEm lsysmhla

b.ekqï m, ( • pß; ksrEmKh hkq l=ula±hs mjihs'

• pß; ksrEmKfha ,d jeo.;a jk lreKq m%ldY lrhs'

• ñksia" i;a;aj iy fjk;a úúOdldrfha pß; ksrEmKhka bÈßm;alrhs'

• pß; ksrEmKfha § mßl,amkh" nqoaêh" ks¾udKYS,S nj" Ñka;khhkdÈh jeo.;a jk nj mjihs'


mshjr 01 .=rejrhd w; we;s kdgH msgm;a isiqkag fmkajd tys we;s pß; .ekúuiSfuka fyda úúO pß; ksrEmK ±lafjk PdhdrEm fmkaùu u.skamdvug msúish yels h'

uq,ska u isiqkag kdgHhl pß; ksrEmKh m%Odk wx.hla jk njjgydfokak' l:dj" l%shdj fm%alaIlhd wjfndaO lr.kafka pß; u.skanj;a" pß; bj;a l< úg l;dj ±lsh fkdyels nj;a fmkajd fokak'iEu kdgHhl u pß; we;s nj;a fmkajdfokak' kdgH msgm;aj, we;súúO pß; kï lrkak' bka pß; ksrEmKh ±lafjk wjia:d lsysmhlafm< lsheùu ;=<ska ;yjqre lrkak'

mshjr 02 kdgH msgmf;ys we;s l;dj fm%alaIlhdg m%o¾Ykh jkafka pß;u.ska h' úúO pß; iuqodhla kdgH ;=< we;s w;r pß; ksrEmKhlrolajkafkda k¿-ks<sfhda h' tfia pß; ksrEmKh lrk úg pß;hfyd`Èka wOHhkh l< hq;= h' kdgHfha ffY,shg wkqj rEmK ld¾hhf.dv k.d .; hq;= h' pß; ksrEmKfha § ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh"mßl,amkh" Yla;sh wjxl nj hk wd§ lreKq isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrfokak'

pß; ksrEmKfha § wNskh mEu iy ixjdo Ndú;h .ek o ie,ls,su;aúh hq;= nj olajkak' ixjdo pß; ,laIK u;= jk wdldrhg ksjerÈ jm%ldY lsÍu l< hq;= nj o" msgmf;ys tk pß;h ukdj bÈßm;a lsÍui`oyd ksrka;r mqyqKqùïj, fhÈh hq;= nj o fmkajdfokak'

msgmf;ys tk pß;h ksrEmKh i`oyd ukd jQ mßl,amkhla wjYHnj o" ta ;u Ôjk w;a±lSï o bjy,a lrf.k pß; f.dvk.d f.kksrEmKh lsÍu isÿlrk nj o fmkajdfokak'

mshjr 03 kdgHj, § pß; ksrEmKhka i,ld n,k úg ñksia pß;" i;a;ajpß;" foaj iy hlaI pß; o mßl,amkh lr.;a pß; o ksrEmKhlrk nj;a we;eï úg .ia" u,a" .x.d jeks wÔù jia;+ka o pß; njg

23

m;a lr ksrEmKh lrk nj;a kdgH lD;s WodyrK fldg.ksñkamyod fokak'

mshjr 04 • isiqka lKavdhï lr .=rejrhd l,ska ilia lr.;a kdgH msgm;aj,tk pß; ksrEmKh iòyd fhdojkak' fuys § fydò wjia:d ksrEmKhjk wdldrfha kdgHuh wjia:d f;dardf.k tu wjia:djkag wod<pß; ksrEmKh lrjkak' fuys § y`v Ndú;h" pß; ,laIK u;=lsÍu' WÑ; wNskh mEu hk wx. ms<snò j ie,ls,su;a fjñka pß;ksrEmKh hk ld¾hh wjfndaO lrjkak'


• pß; ksrEmKh hkak l=ula ± hs m%ldY lsÍu'

• pß; ksrEmKfha § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq m%ldY lsÍu'

• kdgHj, tk pß; j¾.SlrKh lsÍu'

• <uqka pß; ksrEmKh lsÍu'

• pß; ksrEmKfha § jeo.;a jk lreKq úuiSu'

mejreu ( YsIH lKavdhïj,g f;dard.;a kdgH fldgila ksrEmKh lsÍugwjia:dj ,nd §u'

24


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'4 ( kdgHuh wjia:d ks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgHuh wjia:d y`ÿkd.ekSu'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( kdgH msgm;la" kdgHhl ùäfhda mghla

b.ekqï m, ( • kdgHuh wjia:dj hkq l=ula ± hs m%ldY lrhs'

• kdgHuh wjia:djl iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• kdgHuh wjia:d fjka lrolajhs'

• kdgHuh wjia:djka ks¾udKh lrhs'


mshjr 01 isiqkag kdgH msgm;l we;s kdgHuh .=Kfhka mQ¾K wjia:djlaiys; fldgila lshùug §u u.ska fyda fõÈld kdgHhl kdglSh.=Kfhka wkQk wjia:djla ksrEmKh jk ùäfhda o¾Ykhla keröugbv i,idfoñka mdvug m%úIag jkak'

mshjr 02 isiqka fj; muqKqjk ,o kso¾Ykhka u.ska hïlsis .egqul .eg¿jlaiys; wjia:djla ksrEmKh lr,Sfuka kdgHuh wjia:dj ìysjk njfmkajd fokak'

ta wkqj hïlsis kdgHhl l;d m%jD;a;sh f.dv kef.kafka wjia:djka/ilf.ka hqla; j jk w;r" tys uQ,sl wjia:djka Ndú; jkafkapß; yd l%shd f.dvkxjñka nj;a" thg .egqïldÍ njla we;=<;a ùu;aiu. kdgHuh wjia:dj ks¾udKh jk nj;a fmkajd fokak'

mshjr 03 fï i`oyd WodyrK jYfhka" ukfï kdgHfha jeÈ rcq iy ukfïl=ure w;r igka wjia:dj fyda yqKqjgfha l;dj kdgHfha je,amd,fï .S;h wjia:dj bÈßm;a lrkak' ta u.ska .egqula" l=;+y,hla"

fo.sähdjla" m%;súreoaO l%shdj,Ska folla mj;sk wdldrhg wjia:djf.dv ke.S we;s whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak' fujeks iajNdjhla .kakdwjia:d kdgHuh wjia:djla f,i ye`Èkaúh yels nj fmkajdfokak'

mshjr 04 kdgHhl we;s úúO wjia:d iy kdgHuh wjia:d fjka fjka jzzúlD;sZZ jeks kdgHhla u.ska meyeÈ,s lrjkak' w;sf¾l Woõfldgfiys we;s isÿùï mokï lrf.k kdgHuh wjia:djka ks¾udKhlrjkak' ,sÅ; rpkhla jYfhka fyda laIKsl ksrEmKhla jYfhkabÈßm;a lrkakg wjldYh i,ikak'


• hïlsis isÿùula w;=ßka kdgHuh wjia:d f;dard fírd.kakd wdldrhwjfndaO lr.ekSu'

• kdgHuh wjia:d úia;r lsÍu'

• kdgHuh wjia:d ks¾udKh lsÍug fhduq ùu'

25

• l;dkaorhla f;dard f.k th kdgHuh wjia:d f.dv kef.k

whqßka ks¾udKh lsÍu'

• kdgHuh wjia:djl ,laIK úia;r lsÍu'

mejreu ( w;sf¾l Woõj, § we;s isÿùï wdY%s; j kdgHuh wjia:d ks¾udKh

lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( lÜg,h 01

ukaøS foaúh m,je, fk<df.k taug .sh w;r cQcl nuqKd fjiaika;r

rcq bÈßhg meñK orejka fofokd b,a,d isà' rc orejka f.a úfrdaOh

fkd;ld orejka oka §ug fm<fò' ore fofokd thg úfrdaOh md;s'

lÜg,h 02

úfõlh wjika fjhs' <uhs mka;s ldurhg meñfK;s' tys § tla

YsIHhl= f.a mdg mekai,a fmÜáh ke;s ù we;s nj m%ldY fõ' úfõlh

;=< mka;sfhka neyer j fkd.sh isiqjl= ish¨ fokd iel lr;s'

.=re;=ñh Tyq f.ka mdg mekai,a fmÜáh .ek wid we;a; lshk f,i

;rjgq lrhs' Tyqg o`vqjï §ug iQodkï fõ' fudfyd;lska mdg mekai,a

fmÜáh whs;s <uhdf.a ifydaorhl= th f.or § /f.k ;ud f.a

nE.h ;=< oud.;a nj m%ldY lrñka Tyqg th wdmiq f.kfohs'

26


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'5 ( fm< rpkd lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 2'5 ( kdgH fm<la ,shuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( m;a;rhla" l;dkaor fmd;la" flá l;djla" fmd;la" ukfï" iqN iyhi fyda fjk;a uqøs; kdgH fmd;a

b.ekqï m, ( • kdgHhla rpkd lsÍug iqÿiq l;d m%jD;a;s f;dard.kshs'

• kdfgHdaÑ; j isÿùï .<md.kshs'

• f;dard.;a l;d mqj;g kj w¾:l:khla ,nd foa'

• kdgH fm<la rpkd lrhs'

• kdgH fm<l ;sìh hq;= uQ,sldx. jgyd.kS'


mshjr 01 fmr Èkl lrk ,o ±kqï §ulg wkqj isiqka úúO m%jD;a;s ,nd .ekSui`oyd m;a;r fldgia" flá l;d fyda l;dkaor fmd;a f.keú;a we;'thska tla l;d mqj;la fyda isoaêhla f;dard f.k ta ms<sn`o j isiqkaiu. idlÉPd lrkak' tu isoaêh fyda l;dkaorfhka m%ldYs; w¾:hidlÉPd fldg thg fjk;a w¾:hla ,nd fok f,i l;dj fjkialsÍug we;s yelshdj úuikak'

pq,a,OkqoaOr cd;l l;dfjka m%ldY jk woyi ukfï kdgH rpkdlsÍfï È fjkia lr we;s whqre fmkajdfokak'

mshjr 02 f;dard.;a l;d mqj; kdgH rpkhg .e<fmk wdldrhg wjia:dj,gfjka lr.kak' fuys § uq," ueo" w. iïnkaO;dj /flk mßÈ wjia:d.<md .ekSug wjYH wjfndaOh ,nd § hïlsis .eg¨jla m%ldY jkfia wjia:d ks¾udKh lsÍu" fm< rpkfha § isÿùï wdrïNh" .eg¨jlj¾Okh WÉp wjia:djla iy wjidkhla f.dv kef.k wdldrhgilia lrkak'

pß;" rx. úOdk" ixjdo meyeÈ,s jk fia fm< ks¾udKh lrkak'fuys § l;dj kdgHhg wod< j ilia lrk úg hï fjkia w¾:hlawoyila ta u.ska m%ldY jk wdldrhg fm< ks¾udKh lsÍug fhduqlrjkak'

mshjr 03 • ixjdo rpkd lrk úg" tajd WÉpdrKhg myiq jk fia;a" l;dfjysw¾:h m%ldY jk wdldrhg;a pß;j,g WÑ; wdldrhg;a ks¾udKhlsÍug u. fmkajkak'

• l;d mqj; ;=< wjia:d iy isÿùï /ila ;snqK o kdgH rpkfha §th tla wjia:djlg fyda follg iSudjk mßÈ isoaê .e<emSugwjYH u.fmkaùu lrkak' kdgH ffY,sh .ek wjOdkh o fm<rpkh lsÍfï § ie,ls,a,g .kak'

mshjr 04 f;dard .;a l;d mqj;ska m%ldYs; woyig jvd fjk;a woyila" w¾:hlam%ldY jk wdldrhg l;dj f.dvk.d f.k isÿùï" wjia:d 1 lg fyda

27

2 lg iSudjk whqßka msgm; rpkd lsÍug wjYH wjfndaOh ,ndfokak' bka miq isiqka úiska rpkd lrk ,o kdgH msgm;a w;ßkalsysmhla f;dardf.k msgm;a rpkhg wod< uQ,sl wx. ,laIK wka;¾.;ù we;s wdldrh fmkajdfokak' ÿ¾j,;d fmkajd foñka rx.kh i`oydiqÿiq wdldrhg ;jÿrg;a msgm; ilia lr.; hq;= wdldrh wjfndaOlrjkak'


• l;d mqj;lska kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d fjkalr .ekSu'

• kdgH fm< rpkh lsÍu'

• pß; ;SrKh lr thg .e<fmk ixjdo rpkd lsÍu'

• kdgH rpkhlg wod< jk fia ;¾ldkql+, j wjia:d fm< .eiaùu'

• mj;sk l;djlg kj w¾:l:khka ,nd §u'

mejreu ( lsishï l;d mqj;la" flá l;djla" ck l;djla f;dard f.k flá

kdgH fm<la rpkd lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( flá kdgH úu¾Ykh - ux., fiakdkdhl

28


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'6 ( k¿-ks<shka f;dard.kshs' 2'7 ( fõIN+IK ie,iqï lrhs' 2'8 ( wx. rpkh ie,iqï lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( f;dard f.k k¿-ks<shka - yev lr.uq is; i;=áka


b.ekqï m, ( • rpkd lrk ,o kdgH fm<g wod< k¿-ks<shka f;dard.kshs'

• kdfgHdaÑ; whqßka fõIN+IK ie,iqï lrhs'

• f;dard .;a k¿-ks<shka iòyd wx. rpkd ie,iqï lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • úúO kdgHhkays rx.kfha fhfok k¿-ks<shka f.a mska;+r lSmhla

• úúO N+ñld ksrEmKfha § Ndú;hg .kakd we`ÿï-me,ÿï fyda tajdfhamska;+r

• wx.rpkd iòyd Ndú;hg .kakd øjH yd WmlrK lSmhla

• úúO kdgH msgm;a fyda tjeks kdgH lSmhl oDYH mg

• úúO wdldrfhka wx.rpkd l< udkj fyda i;a;aj rEm ±lafjkmska;+r lSmhla


mshjr 01 .=Kd;aul fhojqï iòyd f;dard .;a oE isiqkag fmkajd ta ms<snò Tjqkayd idlÉPd lsÍu'

• ks¾udKh lrk ,o kdgH fmf<ys we;=<;a pß; iòyd ta ta l=Y,;dmsßmqka k¿jka iy ks<shka f;dard.; hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• fï iòyd úúO k¿-ks<shka f.a mska;+r fyda oDYH mg keröugi,iajd isiqkag wjfndaOh ,nd§u'

• ,shk ,o kdgH fm<g .e<efmk mßÈ iqÿiq k¿-ks<shka f;dard.ekSu l< hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• k¿-ks<shka f;dard .ekSu k¿jrKh jYfhka ye`Èkafjk nj f;areïlr§u'

• kdgH fmf<ys ±lafjk pß; iòyd fõIN+IK Ndú;h wjYHlreKla nj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• fõIN+IK Ndú;fhka ksrEms; rx.khg w¾:j;a njla ,efnknj ±laùu'

• fõIN+IK ms<snò ñka fmr mdvïj, § W.;a lreKq weiqßka ,shk,o kdgH fmf<ys tk pß; iòyd we`ÿï me,`ÿï ks¾udKh lsÍugmQ¾jfhka tajd ie,iqï l< hq;= nj ±laùu'

• k¿jd f.a rx.k ld¾hfha § w¾: ksrEmKh id¾:l ùu iòydwx.rpkd úYd, msájy,la jk nj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• úúO wdldrfhka wx.rpkd lrk ,o mska;+r YsIHhskag fmkajdtajdfha úúO;ajhka yd úfYaI;ajhka ms<snò meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

mshjr 02 uQ,sl idlÉPdj,ska miq isiqka ,nd .;a wjfndaOh wkqj isiqka úiskau ks¾udKh lrk ,o kdgH fm<g wjYH k¿-ks<shka f;dard .ekSug;a"fõIN+IK ks¾udK ie,iqï lsÍu;a" wx.rpkd ie,iqï lsÍug;a" Wmfoia,nd fokak'

29

fuys § mka;sfha isák ish¨ isiqkaf.ka k¿jrKfhka f;dard.;aisiqka yer b;sß isiqka lKavdhï follg fnod

1' lKavdhug fõIN+IK ie,iqï lsÍug;a2' lKavdhug wx.rpkd ie,iqï lsÍug;a

wjia:dj i,idfokak'

mshjr 03 • k¿jrKfha § ta ta N+ñldjg .e<fmk mßÈ k¿jka f;dard.ekSuiïnkaO j we.hSug ,la lrkak'

• fõIN+IK ie,iqï lsÍfï § ta ta pß;hg .e<fmk whqßka tuld¾hh ie,iqï lr .ekSfï id¾:l wid¾:l nj úuikak'

• wx.rpkfha § pß;fha Ndj m%ldYkhg yd rEmKhg myiq yd.e<efmk mßÈ tajd ie,iqï fldg we;a±hs úuikak'

• fm< rpkh ksIamdokfha § Wla; wx. fldf;la ÿrg Ndú;hg .;yels o hkak úuiSug ,la lrkak'


• k¿jrKh hkak l=ula ± hs idlÉPd lrhs'

• kdgH fm<la iòyd .e<efmk k¿-ks<shka f;dard.kshs'

• Tjqka iòyd fõIN+IK ie,iqï lrhs'

• f;dard .;a k¿-ks<shka f.a N+ñldjka iòyd wx.rpkd ie,iqï

lrhs'

• ie,iqï lrk ,o fõIN+IK iy wx.rpkd kdgH ksIamdokfha §

Ndú;hg .; yels wjia:d ie,iqï lrhs'

mejreu ( • ,shk ,o kdgH msgm; ksIamdokh iòyd ie,iqï ilia lrkak'

• úúO N+ñld rx.khka iòyd wjYH fõIN+IK ie,iqï lrkak'

• úúO pß; f;dard f.k ta ta pß; iòyd wx.rpkd ie,iqï lrkak'

30


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'7 ( fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( ksu l< fm< r`.mdkak - youq we`ÿï iy wnrK


b.ekqï m, ( • kdgHhla iòyd wjYH jk fõIN+IK f;dard.kS'

• idudkH Ôú;fha y`Èk m,`Èk jia;% iy wdNrKj,;a kdgHfhysfõIN+IKj,;a fjki olajhs'

• f,dalO¾ó kdgHhla iòyd fuka u kdgHO¾ó kdgHhla iòydNdú; lrk fõIN+IKj, fjkialï m%ldY lrhs'

• WÑ; whqßka fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdgHO¾ó kdgH lSmhl PdhdrEm

• f,dalO¾ó kdgH lSmhl PdhdrEm

• fjk;a mka;sj, § ̂fY%aKsj, §& ks¾udKh lrk ,o ks¾udK lSmhla


mshjr 01 • f.fkk ,o fõIN+IK lSmhla fyda wod< mska;+r lSmhla isiqkagolajd tajd ms<snò j isiq woyia úuiñka mdvug msúfikak'

• isiqka úiska ilia lrk ,o kdgH fm< iòyd iqÿiq fõIN+IKks¾udKh l< hq;= whqre my; lreKq o Wmfhda.S lrf.k meyeÈ,slrkak'

• tu kdgH fm< f,dal O¾ó rx. ffY,shg wh;a kï ks¾udKhlrkq ,nk fõIN+IK idudkH Ôú;fha w`Èk m,`Èk wdldrhgióm whqßka fõÈldjg iß,k f,i ilia l< hq;= nj'

• tu fm< kdgHO¾ó rx. ffY,shg wkqj ilia lrk ,oaola kïks¾udKh lrkq ,nk fõIN+IK iajdNdúl;ajfhka wE;a jld,amksl;ajfhka iy w;sYfhdala;sfhka hqla; j ks¾udKh l<hq;= nj'

• jvd;a WÑ; f,iska fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lsÍu kdgHfhaid¾:l;ajhg fya;= jk nj'

• k¿jl= ksrEmKh lrk N+ñldj ms<snò oDYH ix{d /ila tuk¿jd f.a fõIN+IKfhka wkdjrKh jk nj'

• pß;hla y`ÿkd.ekSug" pß;hl jhi wkdjrKh lr.ekSug fukau pß;hl .;s ,laIK biau;= ù fmkSug o fõIN+IKh fya;= jknj'

• pß;hl udkisl iajNdjh biau;= lr ±laùug o fõIN+IK WmldÍjk nj'

mshjr 02 ta ta lKavdhï úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o kdgH fm<g wjYH jkfõIN+IK lÜg, lSmhla ks¾udKh lsÍug Tjqkag Wmfoia fokak'

mshjr 03 isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o fõIN+IKj, id¾:l wid¾:l njta ta lKavdhï iu. idlÉPd lrkak' w.h l< hq;= ks¾udK isiqkabÈßfha fmkajd we.hSug ,la lrkak'

31

tu ks¾udK ms<snò j my; ±lafjk lreKq o Wmfhda.S lrf.kidlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• kdgH ffY,sh yd bka u;= lefrk ufkdaNdjh ms<snò j fõIN+IKks¾udK Ys,amshd ;=< wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;= nj'

• ft;sydisl hq.fha pß; iòyd fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lrkafka kïwod< hq.fha jia;%dNrK ms<snò j ukd wOHhkhla l< hq;= nj'

• rg" m%foaYh yd ixialD;sh fõIN+IKj,ska ms<sìUq úh hq;= nj'

• m%Odk jYfhka u fmf<ys tk pß;hkag WÑ; u whqßka fõIN+IKks¾udKh l< hq;= nj'


• fm<g WÑ; fõIN+IK f;dard.ekSu'

• fm<g wod< ffY,shg wkqj jia;% ks¾udKh lsÍu'

• fm<g wod< ffY,shg wkqj wdNrK ks¾udKh lsÍu'

• fõIN+IKj, ks¾udKd;aul nj'

• lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka hq;= j iyfhda.fhka l%shd lsÍfï yelshdj'

mejreu ( kdgHhg WÑ; fõIN+IK ks¾udKh lrkak'

32


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'8 ( wx.rpkh ie,iqï lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( pß; fyd`Èka fjia .kajuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • wx.rpkh iòyd wjYH øjH kï lrhs'

• msgm;g wjYH pß; iòyd Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug iqÿiq øjH /ialrhs'

• wx.rpkh l< hq;= pß; fjka lrhs'

• wod< ffY,shg wkql+, j wx. rpkh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • úúO ffY,Skag wod< pß; we;=<;a mska;+r

• wx.rpkd øjH lÜg,hla

• wx.rpkd WmlrK

• wNskh isõjk l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,o zzkdgH l,dfõ wx.rpkh ms<snò uQ,sl isoaOdka; meyeÈ,s lsÍulaZZ hk c.;a moauisßf.a,smsh ^2007-10 jir .=re w;afmdf;a o fuu ,smsh we;&


mshjr 01 • fmr mdvfï § ta ta lKavdhï úiska ksu lrk ,o ta ta kdgHfm<g wod< pß; wx.rpkh lsÍug isiqkag isÿ jk neúka th isÿl< hq;= whqre my; iòyka lreKq Wmfhda.S lrf.k meyeÈ,slrkak'

• ta ta ffY,Skag wod< j wx.rpkh l< hq;= nj'

• pß; wkqj" l< hq;= wx. rpkd fjkia jk nj'

• pß;h Ôj;a jk ld,h" foaYh" hq.h" idudðl" wd¾Ól" wd.ñl ydwOHdmksl ;;a;ajhka ms<snò j ukd wjfndaOhlska wx. rpkhl< hq;= nj'

• pß;j, ndysr iajrEmhka muKla fkdj wNHka;r pß; ,laIKksrEmKh lsÍu iòyd o wx.rpkh n,mdk nj'

• pß;h ksrEmKh lrk mqoa.,hdf.a ifï j¾Kh" uqyqfKa yevh"wx.rpkh iòyd n,mdk nj'

mshjr 02 wod< msgm;aj,g wjYH jk pß; lSmhla ̂ lKavdhulska pß; lSmhlane.ska& wx.rpkh lrjkak' ffY,Ska folg wod< j ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

mshjr 03 úúO pß;j,g wod< j wx.rpkh lrk ,o isiqka bÈßhg leòjd tata pß; ms<snò j fiiq isiqka f.ka o woyia úuikak' Tjqka f.a woyiayd my; lreKq o Wmfhda.S lrf.k idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• wx.rpkh kshu wdldrfhka isÿ lsÍug fyd`Èka wdf,dalh we;sia:dkhla f;dard .; hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• wx.rpkd øjH yd WmlrK ms<sfj<g ;nd .; hq;= nj mjikak'

• tlsfkl pß; iòyd fmkS isák isiqkag ;u uqyqK fyd`Èka msßisÿfldg f.k wx.rpkh lsÍu iòyd meñKsh hq;= nj mjikak'

33

• wx.rpk Ys,amshd o ;u fow;a msßisÿ j ;nd.; hq;= nj fmkajdfokak'

• wx.rpkd lsÍfï § k¿-ks<shka f.a uqyqfKa ishqï Wmdx.hkagydkshla fkdjk mßÈ ukd wjfndaOhlska hq;= j yd bjis,sjka; jisÿ l< hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• tla tla k¿jd f.a ifï j¾Khg .e<efmk mokï wdf,amh f;darduqyqfKa ;ejßh hq;= nj fmkajdfokak'

• wx.rpkd øjH uqyqfKka bj;a lsÍu iòyd zzfíì Ths,aZZ Ndú; l<hq;= nj mjikak'


• wx.rpkd øjH f;dard.ekSu'

• pß; iòyd l< hq;= wx.rpkd y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• pß;hg wjYH mßÈ wx.rpkd lsÍu'

• fmf<ys ffY,shg wkql+, j wx.rpkh lsÍu'

• pß;h u;=fldg fmkaùfuys ,d wx.rpkfhka ,o odhl;ajh'

mejreu ( 2'5 hgf;a rpkd lrk ,o kdgH fm<g wod< pß; iòyd wx.rpkie,iqï lrkak'

34


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'9 ( fõÈld miq;, ie,iqï lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( fõÈld miq;, ks¾udKh lrhs'


b.ekqï m, ( • isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o kdgHhg .e<efmk fõÈld miq;,ilik whqre idlÉPd lrhs'

• WÑ; miq;, ks¾udK ie,iqï lrhs'

• kdfgHdaÑ; miq;, ks¾udKh lrhs'

• fõÈldjg iy kdgH ffY,Skag WÑ; f,i miq;, ilia lrhs'

• wvq úhoñka yd ks¾udKYS,S j WÑ; miq;, ilia lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • úúO kdgHhkays miq;, ks¾udKj, mska;+r

• iÔù f,i miq;,h ueùug ilia lrk ,o ks¾udK

• kdgH lSmhl ixhqla; mg


mshjr 01 • fjk;a kdgHhl miq;, ks¾udKhla fyda miq;, ks¾udKhl mska;+rm;%sld lsmhla isiqkag fmkajd ta ms<snò j isiqka f.ka lreKqúuikak' isiqka f.a woyia o my; lreKq o Wmfhda.S lrf.kidlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o kdgHhg WÑ; whqßka miq;,ie,iqï l< hq;= nj'

• kdgHfha ffY,shg .e<efmk whqßka miq;, ks¾udKh ;sìh hq;=nj'

• fndfyda úg f,dalO¾ó kdgH iòyd miq;, iajdNdúl;ajhg iñmwhqßka ilia l< hq;= nj'

• kdgHO¾ó kdgHj, § fndfyda úg jdÑl j" ixfla;d;aul jmiq;, ujk nj' ^Wod( ukfï kdgHfha jkdka;rh zzfm%aufhkauk rxð; fõZZ .S;fhka wod< miq;,h ujdmdk whqre olajkak&

• k¿-ks<shkg rx.kfhys fh§ug ndOd fkdjk whqßka fõÈldmiq;, ilia l< hq;= nj'

• myiqfjka tyd fuyd f.k hd yels whqßka miq;, ks¾udKh l<hq;= nj'

• miq;, ks¾udK iòyd k¿-ks<shka fhdod.kakd wjia:d o we;s nj^Wod( ñksiqka fhdod f.k .ia" l`ÿ" hkaf;%damlrK wdÈh ixfla;j;alrk nj&

• wdf,dalh Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka úksúÿl u.ska o miq;, ixfla;j;alrkq ,nk nj ^Wod( mkai,l o¾Ykhl È fnda.i" ffp;H" iòjeks foa fufia olajk wjia:d we;s nj'&

• kQ¾;s jeks kdgHj, § Ñ;%jia;% u.ska miq;, uejQ nj'

mshjr 02 by; lreKq o ie,ls,a,g f.k ;u lKavdhï kdgHh iòyd miq;,lSmhla ieliSug isiqkag wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

35

mshjr 03 isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o miq;, fhdod f.k kdgH msgmf;awjia:d lSmhla r`.mEug wjia:dj fokak'


• fõÈld miq;, ks¾udK hkak meyeÈ,s f,iska y`ÿkd.ekSu ydfhdod.ekSu'

• WÑ; f,i miq;, fhdod.ekSu'

• miq;, ks¾udKj, we;s wmQ¾j;ajh'

• miq;,j,ska kdgHhg ,enqKq wdf,dalh

• miq;, ks¾udKj, we;s ks¾udKYS,S nj yd lKavdhïj, iduQysl

ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj'

36


ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'10 ( flá kdgH ixl,amh y`ÿkd.ekSu'

l%shdldrlu ( flá kdgHhla rpkh lr ksIamdokh lsÍu'


b.ekqï m, ( • zzflá kdgH ixl,amhZZ hkak ks¾jpkh lrhs'

• flá kdgHfhys iqúfYaI;d úia;r lrhs'

• iqÿiq f;audjka /ia lrhs'

• flá kdgH fm<la rpkd lrhs'

• flá kdgHhla ksIamdokh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • úúO ks¾udKlrejka f.a flá kdgH lD;s

• ux., fiakdkdhl - flá u flá kdgH

• Okxch lreKdr;ak - flá kdgH• Okxch lreKdr;ak - Tn idfmalaIhs


mshjr 01 • flá kdgH lD;s kï lrñka fyda ixhqla; ;eá wdOdrfhka flákdgHhla keröug wjia:dj i,iñka fyda mdvug m%fõY úh yels h'

• zzflá kdgHZZ hkq yeu wxYhlska u ixlaIsma; nj we`.fjhs' fïwkqj kdgHfha rx. ld,h iy isÿùug .;jk ld,h flá jkw;r" wdlD;sh" ikao¾Nh" Ys,aml%u yd NdIdj hk wxY thg wod< j

ilia úh hq;= nj mjiñka idlÉPdj i`oyd my; i`oyka lreKq oiydh lr .kak'

mshjr 02 • flá kdgH hkq taldxl kdgHhka h' fïjd ks¾udKh ù we;af;atla yrj;a" ir, ;ks o¾Ykhlsks' b;d fyd`Èka úkHdi.; lrk,o fuu kdgH tla ;SrKd;aul wjidkhla lrd fhduq fõ' fuuwmQre ixlaIsma; nj ksid kdgHfhka lshefjk fohg jvd jeähula .uH fõ'

• Ôú;fha lsishï ixisoaêhla mdol lrf.k flá kdgHhla rpkdl< yel' ñksia isf;a we;sjk .eUqre yd wmQre iajNdjhka t<sfmfy<s lsßu fuys wruqK hs'

• iSñ; pß; ixLHdjla fhdod.ekSu iqúfYaI h' úfYaI ix.S;hlafkdue;' tfy;a fm< ;=< f.dvkef.k ixjdo w;r ;sfnk ksy`vld,h tl u ix.S;h f,i fhdod.efkk wjia:d fndfyda h' ir,fõÈldjla ;=< fuu kdgH fõÈld.; lsÍu;a" wvq k¿-ks<s ixLHdjlafhdod .ekSu;a ksid wvq úhoulska m%o¾Ykh l< yels h'

• fõÈld o¾Yk miq;," WmlrK fnfyúka iSñ; h'

• flá kdgHhl tk iaj;ka;% nj" flá nj" ishqï yd .eUqrewka;¾.;h" ikao¾Nfha wmQ¾j;ajh" wdl¾IKSh rEmKh" ld,h ydrx. wjldYfha talSh Ndjh hk ks¾Kdhl jvd iQlaIau ùfuka,efnk úkaokh o wmQre h'

• flá kdgHhl §" flá l;djl fyda lúhl fuka wkjYH tlÿjpkhla" fonila" isÿùula" fõÈld WmlrKhla fyda pß;hlawe;=<;a fkdl< hq;= h'

37

mshjr 03 flá kdgHhlg iqÿiq isÿùula" is;=ú,a,la f,aLk.; lrk f,iisiqkag ±kqï fokak'

iqÿiq wjia:d f;dard" jerÈ ksjerÈ lrñka fm< rpkhg fmd<Ujkak'w.h lrkak'


• flá kdgH ixl,amh meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• flá kdgHfhys iqúfYaI;d úia;r lsÍu'

• iqÿiq f;audjla f,aLk.; lsÍu'

• flá kdgH fm< rpkh lsÍu'

• WÑ; f;aud /ia lsÍu'

mejreu ( mka;s uÜgñka f;dard.;a kdgH fm< lsysmhla ksIamdokh lrkak'

38

ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( kdgH yd rx. l,dfõ isoaOdka; wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sll%shdldrlïj, kshef<hs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( rx. wNHdij, fhfohs'

l%shdldrlu ( rx. wNHdij, jeo.;alu y`ÿkd.ekSu'


b.ekqï m, ( • rx. wNHdij, kshef<hs'

• rx. wNHdij, fh§fuka ,efnk m%fhdack i`oyka lrhs'

• rx. wNHdi rx.khg m%fhdackj;a jk whqre jgyd.kshs'

• rx. wNHdi j¾. m%ldY lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( •


mshjr 01 • <uhska ysia wjldYhg /f.k hkak' ysia wjldYfha ksoyia j

weú§ug i,iajkak' ix{djlska Tjqka tljrg kj;ajkak ^.,a.eiSu& lsysm jrla fuu l%shdj,sfha fhdojkak' fõ.fhka fiñkaweú§ug úOdkh lrkak' tl jrg ix{djlska kj;ajkak' úúObßhõ iy l%shdldrlï lrñka weú§ug fhduq lrjkak' fuuwNHdih isrer WKqiqï jk wldrhg úkdä 20 la muK lrjkak'

mshjr 02 • wNHdih wjidkfha isiqka wjldYfha rjqulg isgqjd lrk ,owNHdih .ek úuikak' thska isiqkag ±kqKq foh iy tu.ska ,nd.; yels m%fhdack úuikak'

mshjr 03 • isiqka f.a woyia o ie,ls,a,g .ksñka rx. wNHdij, we;s jeo.;aluu.ska rx.k Ys,amshdg ,efnk msájy, idlÉPd lrkak'

k¿jl= fyda ks<shl úiska hï rx. l=Y,;djla j¾Okh lr.kqmsKsi ldhsl iy udkisl fhda.H;dj f.dvkef.k whqßka isÿlrkq ,nk wNHdi rx. wNHdi f,i ye`Èkaúh yels nj m%ldYlrkak'

• ;dmk jHdhdu" YsÓ,lrK wNHdi" Yajik wNHdi" lgy`v wNHdi"ixfõok wNHdi" rx. l%Svd jYfhka rx. wNHdi /ila we;s njfmkajd fokak'

• fuu rx. wNHdij,ska inflda,h ke;s lr .ekSug" yelshdjÈhqKq lr .ekSug" iduQysl j lghq;= lsÍug" ifydaor isiqka w;rfyd`o wka;¾ iïnkaO;d meje;aùu yqre ùug" mqoa., fm!reIhÈhqKq ùug" .dhk" k¾;k l=Y,;djka ÈhqKq lr .ekSug fnfyúka uWmldÍ jk nj fmkajdfokak'

• k¿jd ;=< by; .=Kdx. j¾Okh ùu ksid olaI rEmK Ys,amshl=ùug yelshdj ,efnk nj;a" Tyq ;=< mj;sk wdOqksl .;s ,laIKfjkiajk nj;a fmkajdfokak'


• rx. wNHdi hkq l=ula ± hs m%ldY lsÍu'

• rx. wNHdi j¾. kï lsÍu'

• rx. wNHdij,ska we;s m%fhdack úia;r lsÍu'

39

• rx. wNHdij, fh§u'

• rx. wNHdij,ska ks¾udKd;aul wjia:d f.dv ke.Su'

mejreu ( isiqka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnod lKavdhï jYfhka wx. p,k muKla

Ndú; lr ksYaÑ; ld,hla ;=< meyeÈ,s woyila tk l%shdldrlula lr

olajkak'

Wod ( fmryrla

40


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( rx. wNHdij, fhfohs'

l%shdldrlu 3'1'2 ( YdÍßl wNHdi" udkisl wNHdij, fhfouq'


b.ekqï m, ( • YdÍßl wNHdi ms<snò j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• YdÍßl wNHdij, fhfohs'

• udkisl wNHdi ms<snò j úia;r lrhs'

• udkisl wNHdij, fhfohs'



mshjr 01 • isiqka ksoyia wjldYhlg /f.k hkak' wjldYfha úisÍ weú§ug

fhduq lrkak' uq,ska u idudkH weú§ul fhdojkak' bkamiqfõ.fhka" fifuka weú§ug fhduq lrkak' miqj .=re úOdkhgwkqj by< we;s hula tljr u Wv mek w,a,ñka weú§ug fhduqlrkak' .=re úOdkhg wkqj ìu we;s hula w,a,ñka weúÈkakgúOdkh fokak' fõ.fhka Wv iy my< hk ia:dk w,a,ñkaweú§ug fhduq lrjkak' isiqka fydòg uykais jk ;=re fuhlrjkak' wjldYh ;=< fõ.fhka weúoùu" tljr p,khkeje;aùu wdÈh lrjñka isiqka f.a isrer fyd`Èka WKqiqï lrùugi,iajkak'

mshjr 02 • YdÍßl WKqiqï l%shdj,sfhka miq j isiqkag wjldYh ;=< ksoyia jìu je;sÍ isàug wjia:dj i,id § ish¨ fokdg u ksoyia jìfuys je;sÍ fofk;a mshdf.k isàug fhduq lrjkak' tfia isákw;r .=re úOdkhka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak' fuys § iEuwhl=g u Tyq f.a ysfiys isg mdoh olajd wjhj isysm;a lr § tyswe;s ±ä .;sh ukiska ,sys,a lr.kakd f,i m%ldY lrkak' fïwdldrhg isref¾ ish¨ wjhj ,sys,a lrñka udkisl ieye,a¨jla,nd fokak'

mshjr 03 wNHdi wjidkfha isiqka iu. flá idlÉPdjl fhfokak' wNHdij,fh§fuka Tjqka ,o w;a±lSï m%ldY lsÍug wjldYh i,ikak'


• isrer WKqiqï lsÍfï wNHdi úia;r lsÍu'

• isrer WKqiqï lsÍfï wNHdij, kshe<Su'

• udkisl ,sys,a Ndjh ,nd .ekSfï wNHdi m%ldY lsÍu'

• udkisl ,sys,a Ndjh we;s jk wNHdij, fh§u'

• wNHdi ks¾udKd;aul f,i fhdod.ekSu'

mejreu ( udkisl iajNdjh j¾Okh lrk rx. wNHdij,g lKavdhï fhduq

lrjkak'

41


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1'2'2( rx. wNHdij, fhfouq'

l%shdldrlu ( rx. l%Svdj, fhfouq'


b.ekqï m, ( • rx. l%Svd úfYaI ms<snò j woyia m%ldY lrhs'

• rx. l%Svdj, fhfohs'

• rx. l%Svdj,ska ,nk m%fhdack bÈßm;a lrhs'



mshjr 01 isiqka ksoyia wjldYhlg /f.k hkak' rx. l%Svdjla lsÍu iòydiQodkï lrkak' ish¨ u isiqka wjldYh ;=< ljdldr j isàug i,iajdtla isiqfjla ljfhka msg;g hjd wfkla whg fkdfmfkk f,iròjkak' bka miq ljdldrj isák msßfika tla whl= kdhlhl= njgûQ,slhl=& m;a lrkak' Tyq úúO bßhõ m%ldY jk p,k bÈßm;a l<hq;= fõ' wfkla msßi th wkqlrKh l< hq;= h' kdhlhd iEufudfyd;l u ;u bßhõ fjkia lsÍu o l< hq;= h' msg;g .sh isiqjdmeñK fuys úúO bßhõ wfkla whg bÈßm;a lrkakd fiúh hq;= h'kdhlhd bßhõ fjkia l< hq;af;a msg; isá isiqjdg fkdfmfkkf,i h' fjkia lrk wh fiùu iòyd wjia:d folla fokq ,efí'kï lsÍug fkdyels jqjfyd;a kdhlhd ch.%yKh lrhs' fufia lsysmfofkl= jßka jr ljfhka msg;g hjd kdhlhska fjkia lrñkal%Svdj lrf.k hd yels h'

mshjr 02 wjidkfha isiqka iu. rx. l%Svdj ms<snò j idlÉPdjla l< yels h'isiqkaf.ka u woyia úuiñka fujeks rx. l%Svdjlska ,nd.; yelsm%fhdack ms<snò j wjfndaOhla ,ndfokak'

mshjr 03 ld,fõ,dj ms<snò j i,ld n,d ;j;a rx. l%Svdjla y`ÿkajd § isiqkagth lsÍug wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

WodyrK ( n,a,d iy uia lgqj


• rx. l%Svd y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• rx. l%Svdjl fh§u'

• rx. l%Svdj, m%fhdack jgyd.ekSu'

• úúO rx. l%Svd kï lsÍu'

• rx. l%Svd ks¾udKh lsÍu'

mejreu ( rx. l%Svdjl fh§ug ie,eiaùu'

42


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ( kdgH fm< lshjhs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgHhl uQ,sldx. jgyd .ksñka zzúlD;sZZ kdgH fm< lshjuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • ks¾ÈIag kdgH fm<g wod< uQ,sldx. y`ÿkd.ksñka kdgH fm<lshjhs'

• lsheùfï § kdgH fmf<ys niajyr" rx. úOdk ffY,sh" .egqïwjia:d" kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d" pß;j, iajNdjh" f;audj wd§ wx.flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'

• Wla; wx. ms<snò jegySfuka hq;= j fm< lshjd ri ú`Èhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • zzúlD;sZZ kdgH msgm;

• fjk;a kdgH fm< lSmhla

• úlD;s kdgHfha o¾Yk we;=<;a ùäfhda mghla

• kdgHfha is;a.;a kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d is;=jug ke.+ mska;+r lSmhla


mshjr 01 úlD;s kdgHfha o¾Yk lSmhla we;=<;a ̂ oDYH& ùäfhda mghla isiqkagkeröug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

ke;fyd;a kdglSh .=Kfhka wkQk wjia:djkays mska;+r lSmhlaYsIHhskag keröug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

mshjr 02 zzúlD;sZZ kdgH fm< isiqkag ,nd § th lsheùug i,iajkak'

mshjr 03 • kdgH fm< lshjd wjika jQ miq YsIHhska f.ka fmdÿfõ kdgHfhaf;audj ms<snò úuikak' fuys § YsIHhska úúO woyia bÈßm;a lrkqwe;'

^Wod( jeäysáhka f.a wfmalaIdjka idlaId;a lr.ekSu iòyd nd,mrmqr i;= is;=ï me;=ï yd wfmalaIdjka ì,sfok wdldrhfmkakqï lsÍu wd§ jYfhka&

• úlD;s kdgHh" fidau,;d iqnisxy kdgHfõÈksh f.a ks¾udKhlanj lshd§u'

• kdgH fmf<ys jeo.;alu ms<snò j isiqka iu. idlÉPd lsÍu'

• kdgH fmf<ys NdIdfõ m%n, nj ixjdo u.ska m%lg jk njmeyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• isiqkag tla tla N+ñldj ne.ska ,nd § iuia; fm< ixjdo lshjkffY,sfhka rx.kfhka f;dr j lshùug wjia:dj ,nd § kdgHfhapß; ms<snò flá ú.%yhl fh§u'

• kdgH fmf<ys tk pß; lSmhla ms<snò isiqka f.ka woyia úuiSu'

Wod( m%shx.kS" ys,avd" lreKdr;ak iïm;a ''''''''''''''''''''''

• kdgH fm< ksYaYío j fuka u kdfgHdaÑ; ffY,shlska Yío k.dlshúh yels nj ixjdoj, tlsfklg fjkia WÉpdrK úê wkqjlshùu ;=<ska wjfndaO ùug bv ie,iSu'

43

• úúO ffY,Skag wh;a kdgHj, ixjdo tlsfklg fjkia njmeyeÈ,s lsÍu'

Wod ( ukfï kdgHh" le<Ks md,u

• pß;fhka pß;hg Ndú; jk ixjdoj, fjkila we;s njlsheùfuka wjfndaO ùug bv ,nd§u yd ta ms<snò isiqkag wjOdrKhlr ±laùu'

• kdgHfha ixjdo u.ska tla tla pß;fha wfmalaIdjka" wej;=ï mej;=ïudkisl iajNdjh wdÈh fy<sorõ jk nj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• fm< lshùfï § rx. úOdk" úrdu ,l=Kq yd úrduhka ms<snòwjfndaOfhka hqla; j lshúh hq;= nj fmkajd fokak'

Wod( îrKmd, l,amkd lrñka jdä ù isáhs' fiñka fodrwerf.k t;ekg tk iïm;a&

iïm;a ( wd '''''''' irKmd, jkakswdrÉÑ '''''''''''''' yq̀. l,lska±lafl ke;s ksid n,kak lsh, wdjd'

• ks¾ÈIag kdgH fmf<ys o¾Ykfhka o¾Ykh fjkiajk wjia:dj, §tla tla ia:dk kdgHfha úldYhg n,mdk wdldrh ms<snò isiqkagwjfndaOfhka lsheùug Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

Wod ( 2 jk o¾Ykh - kegqï mka;sh

3 jk o¾Ykh - ms%hx.kS f.a f.or

4 jk o¾Ykh - iïm;a f.a f.or

5 jk o¾Ykh - ys,avd f.a lkaf;darej

• fm< lsheùfï § Ñ;a;rEm uefjk nj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• hul=g fm< lshùfuka muKla u kdgHhla ri ú`§ug yelshdjlawe;s njg w;a±lSï ,nd §u'


• ks¾ÈIag kdgH fm< ksYaYío j fyda Yío k.d lsheùu'

• kdgH fmf<ys tk úúO pß; wOHhkh lsÍu'

• fjk;a kdgH fm< lshùug Wkkaÿj ±laùu'

• kdgH fm< riú`§ug W;aidy .ekSu'

• úúO kdgH fmf<ys tk úúO f;audjka y`ÿkd.ekSug W;aidy

lsÍu'

mejreu ( • ks¾ÈIag kdgH fm< úúO wdldrfhka lsheùug bv ie,eiaùu'

• ksYaYío j $ Yío k.d $ kdgHdkqidrfhka

• ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j ixjdofha fh§ug wjia:d ,nd §u'

• úúO ffY,Skag wh;a fjk;a kdgH fm< lSmhla lshùug bv

ie,eiaùu'

• kdgH fmf<ys tk úúO pß; wOHhkh lsÍu'

• fjk;a kdgH fm< lshùug Wkkaÿj ±laùu'

• kdgH fm< riú`§ug W;aidy .ekSu'

• úúO kdgHhkays tk úúO pß; ksrEmKhg bvlv ie,eiaùu'

44


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3 ( ixjdo Ndú;fhys fhfohs'

l%shdldrlu ( w¾:j;a j ixjdo Ndú; lruq'


b.ekqï m, ( • kdgHfha .,d hdug ixjdo Ndú;h rel=,la jk nj mjihs'

• w¾:j;a j ixjdo Ndú; lrhs'

• ixjdo iòyd WÑ; yd Ôj .=Kh leá lr .;a NdIdjka Ndú;hgfm<fUhs'

• úúO kdgH ffY,Skag wkqrEmS j ixjdo Ndú; lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fõÈld kdgH ixjdo fldgia we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá fyda kdgH msgm;a^yqKqjgfha l;dj" lmqjd lfmda;s" isxyndyq" ukfï" ilaldh ÈÜÀ"fnry`v" cfka,h&


mshjr 01 úúO ixjdo fldgia we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá jdokh lr" isiqkag Y%jKhlsÍug ie,eiaùfuka mdvug m%fõY úh yels h'

fõÈld kdgHhl ixjdo Ndú;fhys we;s jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• i;r wNskhg wh;a jdÑl wNskh hkqfjka y`ÿkajkafka kdgHfm< idys;Hfhys ±lsh yels fonia yd .S;h'

• kdgHhla bÈßhg .,d hkafka ixjdo Ndú;h u.sks'

• ixjdo wdY%fhka ujd.kakd Ñ;a;rEm k¿ ld¾hh id¾:l lr.ekSugbjy,a fõ'

• kdgHhla id¾:l ùu iòyd ixjdoj, we;s m%n,;ajh m%Odk jYfhkafya;= fõ'

• ixjdo Ndú; lrk wdldrh u.ska pß;h fm%alaIlhd fj; ióml< yels h'

mshjr 02 • ixjdo Ndú; lsÍfï § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq flfrys o wjOdkhfhduq lrjkak'

• ixjdo meyeÈ,s j WÉpdrKh úh hq;= h'• rx.hg Wmldr jk whqßka ixjdo yeisrúh hq;= h'• ixjdo Ndú;fha § jpkj, Ôj.=Kh biau;= jk wdldrfhka l<

hq;= h'• NdIdj iy l;d ú,dih ukd fia yeisrùu ixjdo Ndú;fha §

jeo.;a fjhs'• wod< Ndj m%ldYkh ixjdoj,ska biau;= úh hq;= fõ'

mshjr 03 • isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr fonia LKav Ndú;h iòyd mjrkak'bÈßm;a lsÍï w.h lrkak'

zz.%EId - úiai ;sy jqK;a ug lula kE' uu lsh, fokakï Tfyaf.kS;sh .ek' Tfya okak bá f.ähla kE kS;sh .ek' Tfya kslïfnß fjÉp ¿EKq ìlla ^jlalv levqjd fia&

45

fudlla o Tfyag ;sfhk hq;=lu wmg fï úêhg kskaod lrkak'yßhg Tfya kvqldrlu úkakUq wïuf.ka wrf.k wdj jf.a!Tfya kvqldrfhla Wfka mrK mskla m, §,! wrekaf. uqkaf.aw;k fu;k ,Eá .d,d! ±ka bòf.k Wkag wdjvkj! Tfyam.dldrfhla l=Kq f.dvj,a wjqiaik lerfmd;af;laZZ'

^msgq wxl 98 - yqKqjgfha l;dj&

• zzfiamd,sld - ̂;udgu& fldÉpr wmQre uy;aufhla o@ ±kqhs ug thdfydòg ±k .kav mq¿jka Wfka l;d nia lrmqjdu ldg Wk;a wdidysf;kjd' fldÉpr yeÈÉp ksúÉp uy;aufhla o@ Th jf.a whfydhd .kav nE ;uhs" ñiag lreKdr;ak lshdmq tl we;a;' fuÉprblauKg hkav .sh tlhs je/oao' ;j tl mehlaj;a l;d lr lrbkav ,enqKd kï fldÉpr wf.a o@ wks;a Tlafldagu jeäfhfydò" wks;a ñksiaiq jf.a jdpd,fhla fkdjk tlhs' ug;a jpkhlafolla lshd .kav ́ kElu ;snqKd" kuq;a ,eÊcdj yskaod lshd.kavneß WKdfka' fldÉpr wmQre uy;aufhla o@ hkav ´kE wekaátlal,d lshkav' ^f.;=<g hhs& lreKdr;ak" .=K;s,l weof.khhs&ZZ

^msgq wxl 91 - lmqjd lfmda;s&

• zz.=re ^mqxpdf.ka Yíohla ke;s nj ye`.S ta me;a; n,hs' ldrKhjegfyhs' fm%alaIlhka fj; iskyjla md" mexpd fj; f.dia& fnd,fudavfhda ''''' ;=kajeks mdoh lshkafk ''''' fï Yaf,dalfha ;=kajeksmdoh ^mexpdg h<s;a .ikakg hhs&

iajfoaf.a mQcHfYa rdcdf;auq¿ rfÜu mQcdj ,nkafk rÊcqrefjduyd rÊcqrefjdaúoaj;a i¾j;% cQcHfki¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ j ckS ckhd mQcdj fokafka^;ukag nj wNskfhka olajhs'ZZ

^msgq wxl 31 - ilaldh ÈÜÀ&

• zzweì;a;hd ( Tkak uu f;a j;=r j;alrf.k wdyu fï uy;a;=retlaflfklaj;a kE' f;a fndkav u;l ke;sj weúÈkav hkav we;s'Tfydu ;uhs ´f.d,a,f. yeá' ùÿre folla ;snqK' taflfkq;atlla lv,d' ±x ;sfhkfka fï ùÿrej ú;rhs' tal;a uf.a ùÿrej'yaï ! tal lsõjuhs u;la Wfka' uu;a fndkav tmdhe f;a j;=rtlla' ^fndhs& hka;x we`.g mk álla wdjd' tlafld ux wdldiuy;a;hf. ld¾ tl fydao, fokj' ^wdldi ikaf;daIfhka ysijkñka ths& tlafld ux wdldi uy;a;hf. ld¾ tl fydao, fokakx!ZZ

^msgq wxl 19 - cfka,h&

• zzisò.k -

wehs o hl=ks f;dms fmr<s lrkafka @

lEflda .yñka fnß y`v fokafka

ksixif,a wms fu;k isákafka

tfyõ wmg wehs f;dm bkag fkdfokafka

46

zzfydrd fydrdZZ lshñx y`v fokafkata weys,hs uu t<shg mekafkaoksõ hl=ks f;dms uu ljq o lshkafkafï jkhg uu m;sksh jkafka

^msgq wxl 52 - fnry`v&

• zzisxyndyq -

ke; mshdfKks lsisÿ uk fod<iud jqj uek fodila ù kïfjfik i`o fï md¨ f,k ;=<fkla Èid is; mshdUd hhs

fkduo is;=ú,s iSk ìhlrenQ; fjia f.k ud fm<hs ks;sudf. uj yd ke.Kshka .ekisf;a ksr;=re we; /`§ ìh

j,g f.dia u mshdfKks W;=ïlsis Èkl fmr<d fkdwdfjd;afï f,fka isr ù isákakdneyer hkakg u. fkdokakd

ke.Kshka yd uj o fofokdiu. jkafkñ f.dÿre ure ygZZ

^msgq wxl 21 - isxyndyq&

• zzl=urd jpkh -

zzjika; Y%Sfhka w,xldr jQ" u.=,a uvqjlg n`ÿ jQ jkdka;rfhafYdaNdj krUñka hk úg" .uka úvdj bfíu u. yef¾" fid`ÿr'jk /ðk o W;aij ú,difhka fkla úis;=re mdkakS wm fofokdf.aújdyh ksid i;=gq jkakd fia h'ZZ

^msgq wxl 24 - ukfï&


• ixjdo Ndú;fha jeo.;alu f,aLk.; lsÍu'• w¾:j;a j ixjdo Ndú; lsÍu'

• f,dalO¾ó ffY,shg wod< j ixjdo WÉpdrKh lsÍu'

• kdgHO¾ó ffY,shg wod< j ixjdo WÉpdrKh lsÍu'

• jdÑl wNskh mEug wkqrEmS j rEmKfhys fh§u'

mejreu ( ks¾ÈIag .%ka:hg wh;a ixjdo w¾:dkaú; j WÉpdrKh lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( ixjdo Ndú;hg .ekSug jvd;a iqÿiq kdgH fm<

47


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'4 ( kdgH .S; .dhkd lruq'

l%shdldrlu ( .S .hñka /`.=ï r`.uq'


b.ekqï m, ( • úúO kdgH .S; /ia lrhs'• merKs yd kj kdgH .S; f;dard.kS'• Ndjd;aul j .dhkd lrhs'• kshu Y%e;s yd ;d, wkqj .hhs'• ta ta kdgH .S j,g wdfõksl kdoud,djg wkqj .hhs'• kdgH .S .hñka r`.hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdgH .S; we;=<;a fmd;a" m;%sld• kdgH .S; wvx.= ixhqla; ;eá• kdgH .S; r`.k wjia:dj, mska;+r• úúO kdgH .S; rx.k we;=<;a ùäfhda mg


mshjr 01 .=rejrhd kdgH .S;hla kshu kdoud,dj wkqj .dhkd lrñka fyda taiòyd olaI;d we;s whl= ,jd .dhkh lrjñka fyda .S; wvx.= ixhqla;mg u.ska kdgH .Shla isiqkag weiSug $ keröug i,iajkak' tu.S;h ms<snò j úuiñka mdvug msúfikak'

mshjr 02 yels kï ir, .Shl fldgila o .dhkd lr fmkajd ir, .S;h ydkdgH .S;h w;r isiqka g ±kqKq fjkialï ms<snò j úuikak' my;iòyka lreKq o Wmfhda.S lrf.k idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• kdgH ix.S;fha fldgila jqj o kdgH .S; .dhkh" jdÑl wNskhgwh;a jk nj'

• kdgH .S; ta ta kdgH ffY,Skag wkqj fjkia jk nj'

• fuu .S; kdfgHdaÑ; j" Ndjd;aul j .dhkd l< hq;= nj'

• kdgH .S;hla wid ri ú`§ug fkd j n,d" wid ^Y%jH oDYH& riú`§ug yels úh hq;= nj'

• fidlß .S" flda,ï .S" kdv.ï .S" kQ¾;s .S" kj kdgH .S hkqfjkaúúO kdgH .S m%fNao we;s nj'

• ta ta .S;j,g wdfõksl kdoud,d we;s nj'• ta ta kdgH .Sj,g fhdod .kakd ix.S;h o úúOdldr nj'

mshjr 03 • fidlß" flda<ï" kdv.ï" kQ¾;s" kj kdgH wdÈ j¾.j,ska tlaj¾.hlska tl .Shla ne.ska j;a isiqka iu. .dhkd lrkak'

^mdif,a ix.S; .=reNj;d f.a iydh o ,nd .ekSug yelskï jvd;aw.fka h'&

fuu kdgH .S; .dhkh iu. WÑ; rx.khka o isiqkag yqre lrjkak'fuys § úúO kdgHj, .S;uh cjksld isiqkag fmkaúh yels kïjvd;a m%fhdackj;a fõ'

48

mshjr 04 • isiqka lKavdhï lSmhlg fnod Tjqkag úúO ffY,Skag wh;a kdgH.S; .dhkhg yd rx.khg wjia:dj fokak'

ta ta lKavdhï úiska r`. olajk ,o kdgH .S; wfkla lKavdhïúiska o r`. ±laùug mqyqKqjk f,i Wmfoia fokak'


• úúO ffY,Skag wh;a kdgH .S; f;dard.ekSu'• kshu kdoud,dj,g wkql+, j .S;h .dhkh lsÍu'

• ;d,h yd Y%e;sh kshu f,i mj;ajd.ekSu'

• WÑ; rx.khka bÈßm;a lsÍu'

• Ndjhka m%ldY jk mßÈ .dhkh yd rx.kh

mejreu ( kdgH .S; tl;=jla ilia lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( 6-11 fY%aKs i`oyd úúO wjia:djkays fhdod .;a kdgH .S;'

l=ug o fidnksfh

weye< u,ska kßnEKd kdgHh

okak jxyqx Y%S úl%u kQ¾;sh

wo fjiaika;r fjiaika;r kQ¾;sh

§lsß §lsß r;= yeÜgldÍ kdgHh

hi biqre

ijka § fmr rdu rdudhKh kQ¾;sh

fidandjfoa fumqr ;drdfjda b.sf,;s

W;a;ujka f,dj fcdydkd kdv.u

.ïNsr f;±;s ne,ika; kdv.u

wms .ug huq

wdf,nekao udf. ld,f.da, kdv.u

bÈka nfnda bÈka ne,ika; kdv.u

isßix>fndaê isßi`.fnda kQ¾;sh

fidlß tkakS fidlß kdgHh

wd,fj,d mshfia mgka

ux f,i fidnkd ci f,xÑkd

fmr isg mej; tk

fuu .sïydk úOqr kQ¾;sh

rlskq BYajrd rdudhKh kQ¾;sh

w" wd" we" wE .=re;rej kdgHfhka

mrilaj, wfm filal=j kdgHfhka

i;aishla lmq l=fõKs kdgHfhka

uqyqÿ m;=, uQÿ mq;a;= kdgHfhka

,m fkdujka ukfï kdgHfhka

yksl jfrõ fnry`v kdgHfhka

49


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'5 ( pß; m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgH fm<l tk pß; úúO rx. ffY,Skag wkqj m%;sks¾udKh lruq'


b.ekqï m, ( • kdgH fmf<ys rx. ffY,sh kï lrhs'• kdgH fm<l tk pß; kï lrhs'• úúO pß; ksrEmKh lrhs'• pß;j, úúO;d fjka lr olajhs'• pß; m%;sks¾udKh lr olajhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ld,f.da," úlD;s" yqKqjgfha l;dj" le<Ks md,u" ukfï kdgHjeks kdgH msgm;a


mshjr 01 isiqka ksoyia wjldYhlg /f.k hkak' lKavdhï lsysmhlg isiqkafjka lrkak' imhd f.k we;s kdgH lD;sj,ska f;dard.;a fldgia tata lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak' uq,ska .=rejrhd úiska ,l=K lr § we;sfldgi fyd`Èka lshjd wOHhkh lrkak'

mshjr 02 lKavdhu tys we;s pß; tlsfklg fjka lr.kak' f;dard.;a kdgHuhwjia:dfõ we;s pß; lKavdhï idudðlhka úiska m%;sksrEmKh lrkak'fuys § msgmf;ys foniaj,g wod< u fyda msgmf;ys fonia fkdi,ldwod< pß; r`.md fmkaùu isÿ lrkak'

mshjr 03 isiqka úiska ks¾udKh lr.;a pß;h yd thg wod< rx. ffY,shfjkia lr r`.mEug fhduq lrjkak' Wod ( ukfï kdgHfha pß;hiajdNdúl wdldrhg;a le<Ks md,u fyda úlD;s kdgHfha pß;kdgHO¾ó f,i;a" tkï ;d,dkql+, ixjdo yd p,k Ndú; lrñkar`.mEu i`oyd fhduq lrjkak'

mshjr 04 • fuu pß; m%;sks¾udKfha § uq,ska u msgm; lshjd.ekSu" bka miqixjdo y`vk.d lshjd.ekSu iy wjidk ixjdo iu. p,kh tlalrñka pß; ksrEmKhg msúiSug wjYH u.fmkaùu isÿ lrkak'

• isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka lrkq ,enQ pß; m%;sks¾udKh krUd tyswe;s wvqmdvq fmkajd §u iy th kej; i,id f.k bÈßm;a lsÍugwjia:dj i,ikak'


• kdgH fm<l tk pß; y`ÿkd.ekSu'• úúO pß;j,g wod< j ffY,Ska kï lsÍu'

• pß; ksrEmKh l%udkql+, j bÈßm;a lsÍu'

• úúO pß; m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu'

• pß; lsysmhla rx.kh lsÍu'

mejreu ( isiqka lKavdhï i`oyd úúO pß; we;=<;a wjia:djla fyda isoaêhla

ksrEmKh lrùug fhduq lrkak'

50


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'6 ( kj kdgH fm< ksIamdokh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( rEmKfha § rx. N+ñh Ndú; l< hq;= whqre m%dfhda.sl j w;aú`§u'


b.ekqï m, ( • rx.N+ñfha m%Odk fn§ï meyeÈ,s lrhs'• rx.kfha § fõÈldj Ndú; lrk whqre olajhs'• N+f.da,Sh jYfhka rx.N+ñh fldgia 09 ^kjh& f,i ±laùu

uk#l,ams; jqj o fydò fm%alaIdjla ,nd §ug fuh bjy,a jkwdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• rx.N+ñfha miq;, ks¾udK ;sr Ndú;h ms<snò j olajhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ixhqla; ;eá" rx.N+ñj, rEmigyka" rx.N+ñfha m%Odk fn§ï iys;rEmigykla" úúO rx.k wjia:d iys; mska;+r


mshjr 01 kdgH lSmhl fldgia lsmhla ixhqla; mg u.ska isiqkag keröugi,iajkak' tfia ke;akï fõÈldj id¾:l whqßka Ndú;d lr we;skdgH o¾Ykhl mska;+rhla fyda isiqkag fmkajd" ta ms<snò j isiqkaiu. idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

mshjr 02 rx.N+ñh Ndú; lsÍu ms<snò j ±lafjk my; lreKq o Wmfhda.Slrf.k m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï lSmhla lrjkak'

• f,dalfha úúO rx.N+ñ we;;a ta w;ßka j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldfõjeä jYfhka Ndú;d jkafka mska;+r rduq fõÈldj nj'

• mska;+r rduq fõÈldfõ uk#l,ams; jYfhka fn§u kdgHwOHlaIjrhdg" k¿ks<shkag fuka u wdkqIx.sl Ys,amSkag o jeo.;ajk nj'

• rx.N+ñh u; rx. Ys,amSka ia:dk.; lrùu wOHlaIjrhd úiska l<hq;= nj'

• k¿-ks<shka fõÈldfõ ia:dk.; lsÍu kdgHfha tk isÿùugfya;=M, iïnkaO;dj /flk f,i isÿ úh hq;= nj'

• rx.N+ñfha iunr;dj /l.; hq;= nj'

• rx.N+ñhg m%fõY ùï yd msgùï o Bg wod< ÈYdjka ms<snò j o ksiswjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;= nj'

• rx.N+ñh we;=<; fhdod we;s me;s ;sr ms<snò j o wjOdkh fhduql< hq;= nj'

• rx.N+ñfha rx.df,dalh m%Odk jYfhka m;s; jk ia:dk k¿ks<shkaúiska wjfndaO fldg f.k ;sìh hq;= nj'

• miq;, ks¾udK" kdfgHdamlrK fhdod .kafka kï tajd ;nd we;sia:dk Ndú; lrk wkaou ms<snò j wjfndaOhla o k¿ks<shkag;sìh hq;= nj'

mshjr 03 • isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka fõÈldjg f.kajd N+f.da,Sh uk#l,ams;fn§u y`ÿkajd fokak'

• kdgH fldgia lSmhla isiqkaf.a lKavdhï u.ska r`. olajkak'

51

mshjr 04 isiqka úiska r`.olajk ,o kdgH fldgia ms<snò j ta ta lKavdhïúiska" wfkla lKavdhï fõÈldj Ndú;d l< whqre ms<snò j úuiSulalrkak' isiqkaf.a woyia o ie,ls,a,g f.k my; lreKq o Wmfhda.Slrf.k we.ehSula lrkak'

• rx.N+ñh Ndú; lsÍfï § k¿ks<shka ;uka bÈßfha isák fm%alaIlhskayg wmQ¾j;ajfhka hqla; kdgH w;a±lSula ,nd Èh hq;= nj'

• m%Odk jYfhka u ish¨ u fm%alaIlhskag ish¨ u k¿ks<shka fyd`ÈkaÈia jk f,iska fõÈldfõ ia:dk.; úh hq;= nj'

WodyrKhla f,i

N+f.da,sh fn§u fuka u fï oDYHuh f¾Ldj o uk#l,ams; fõ'

fõÈldfõ bÈßmi wiqka fmf<ys fofl<jr isák fm%alaIlhskagfyd`Èka fmfkk f,i ôDYHuh f¾Ldfjka& ueÈ ù we;s fldgifõÈldfõ m%n, ia:dk f,i kï l< yels nj'

k¿ks<shka yd fm%alaIl iyiïnkaOh ;nd.ekSfuys ,d fõÈldfõia:dk.; úu iDcq j u n,mdk nj'


• rx.N+ñfha m%n, ia:dk ms<snò y`ÿkd.ekSu'• rx.N+ñfha ksis f,i ia:dk.; ùu'

• fõÈldfõ iunr;dj /lSu'

• m%n, fm%alaIdjla ,nd §fï yelshdj'

• fm%alaIlhskag wmQ¾j;ajfhka hqla; kdgH w;a±lSula ,nd §u'

mejreu ( Tn úiska rpkd lrk ,o msgm;aj, k¿ks<shka ia:dk.; úh hq;=

wdldrh i,l=Kq lrkak' ^ksIamdok msgmf;ys&

fõÈldj

bÈßmi wiqka fm<

52


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'7 ( m%ldYkd;aul ksrEmKhkays fhfohs'

l%shdldrlu ( ;d,dkaú; rEmK


b.ekqï m, ( • jdµ LKavh ri ú`Èhs'• jdµ LKavh iòyd w¾: imhhs'• ;d,dkaú; j rx.kfhys fhfohs'• tl u jdµ LKavhlg úúO w¾: ksrEmK bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • jdµ ix.S; LKav /.;a ixhqla; ;eá• ixhqla; ;eá jdokh lrk WmlrKh (VCD player)


mshjr 01 jdµ LKavh Y%jKh lsÍug yels" ksoyia wjldYhla iys; ia:dkhlgisiqka /f.k hkak' ish¨ u isiqka ìu jdä lrjd" jdµ LKavhY%jKh lsÍug wjia:dj i,ikak' oEia mshd.ekSug Wmfoia §fukajeä wjOdkhlska hq;= j jdµ LKavh Y%jKh l< yels nj wjOdrKhlrkak'

mshjr 02 jdµ LKavh Y%jKh lsÍfï § ta ms<snò j isiqka ;=< we;s jQ is;=ú,s"u;lhka" w;a±lSï m%ldY lsÍug" idlÉPd lsÍug wjldY ,ndfokak'

mshjr 03 tlu jdµ LKavhlg úúO w¾: .eí fldg ;d,dkaú; j ksrEmKhlsÍug wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

mshjr 04 ld,h" w¾:dkaú; nj" wdrïNh" ksudj" ;d,dkaú; nj" wjldY Ndú;hflfrys o wjOdkh fhduqúh hq;= nj mjikak'

mshjr 05 • isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'• úúO jdµ LKav isiqka w;r fnodfokak'• jdµ LKavhg wod< j w¾:dkaú; rEmKhla bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

,nd foñka th w.h lrkak'


• jdµ LKavhg w¾: iemhSu• w¾:j;a j ksrEmKh lsÍu

• úúO w¾: .ekaùu

• ;d,dkaú; nj

• úúO jdµ LKavkj,g wod< j w¾:dkaú; j rEmKfhys ksr; ùu'

mejreu ( úúO jdµ LKavhkg .e<fmk fia w¾:dkaú; rEmK bÈßm;a lsÍu'

fujka wNHdihkays ksr; ùfuka w'fmd'i' ̂id'fm<& úNd.fha m%dfhda.slmÍlaIKh ^Y%jK& iòyd fmryqrejla ,nd .; yels h'

53

ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( kdgH yd rx. l,djg iïnkaO Y%S ,dxflah ixialD;sfha ft;sydislmiqìu meyeÈ,s lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1'1 ( foaYSh kdgH l,dfõ b;sydih yd ine`È kdgH wxl=ruh wjia:dwOHhkh lr tys we;s m%dix.sl ,laIK y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu ( zzlxldß r`. ,l=Kq úuiuqZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • lxldßh hkq l=ula±hs y`ÿkd.kshs'• lxldßfhys wruqKq úuihs'• fldfydUd lxldßfhys kdgHuh ,laIK u;= fldg olajhs'• tu kdgHuh wjia:d m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'• tu wka;¾ rx. wjia:d kj ks¾udK iòyd fhdod.kshs'• foaYSh ixialD;sl yr moaO;s w.h lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fldfydUd lxldßfha o¾Yk wvx.= ixhqla; ;eá" PdhdrEm yd Ñ;%igyka' wod< úIh lreKq we;=<;a fmd;am;a" wod< Ydka;s l¾uj,skaWmqgd.;a fldgia'

l%shdldrlu ie,iqï lsÍu iòyd Wmfoia (mshjr 01 • fldfydUd lxldßfha o¾Yk wvx.= ixhqla; ;eáhla fyda rx. wjia:d

±lafjk PdhdrEm $ mska;+r fyda isiqkag keröug wjia:dj i,idfokak'

• lxldß Ydka;sl¾u hkq foúhka Wfoid lrkq ,nk Ydka;sl¾uúfYaIhla nj;a" fldfydUd foúhka fjkqfjka lrkq ,nk mqomQcd úfYaIhla jk fldfydUd lxldßh Wvrg kegqï iïm%odhgwh;a foaYSh ,laIKj,ska fmdaIs; jQjla nj;a isiqkag myod fokak'

mshjr 02 fldfydUd lxldßfha Wm;a l;dj isiqkag ieflúka myodfokak'úch rcq l=fõKshg ÿka m%;s{dj lv lsÍu fya;=fjka" Tyqf.ka miqjrc jQ m`vqjia foõ rcqg Èú fodaIh je<`ÿKq nj;a" tu Èú fodia ÿrelsÍu iòyd fuu hd.h lrk ,o nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak' miqld,Sk jfuh fjk;a wruqKq iòyd tkï wm, Wmøj ÿre lsÍu" fi;a Ydka;sh,nd §u" iY%Sl;ajh yd fi!Nd.Hh Wfoid foúhkaf.a msysg me;Su"Ndú; l< nj iòyka lrkak' úfYaIfhka Wvrg m%foaYj,g wdfõKslYdka;s l¾uhla jk fldfydUd lxldßh" y;afldar<h" i;r fldar<h"Wvqkqjr" hákqjr" ÿïnr" fyajdyeg wd§ m%foaYj, m%p,s;j ;snQ mQcdl¾uhla jk w;r j¾;udkfha th wNdjhg hñka mj;sk nj omeyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 03 fldfydUd lxldßfhys tk kdgHuh ,laIK iys; wka;¾ rx. wjia:d -tkï W!rdhlalu" khd hlalu" jeÈ hlalu" iS;d hlalu iy o¾mKhlalu hk hlalï my" .nvd fld,a,h" .=ref.a ud,dj hk wjia:dj,we;s kdgHuh ,laIK y`ÿkd.ekSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' ta wkqjwjia:d ksrEmKh" ixjdo Ndú;h" wkqlrKh" wkqrEmKh" iudfrdamh"rx. WmlrK Ndú;h" fm%alaIl iyNd.s;ajh wd§ kdgHuh ,laIKby; lS wka;¾ rx. wjia:dj, fhdodf.k we;s whqre idlÉPd lrkak'Wla; idlÉPdfjka wk;=re j isiqka lKavdhïj,g fnod ̂ ta ta ixjdoLKavj,g wjYH jk ixLHdj wkqj& wka;¾ rx. wjia:dj, Ndú;jk ixjdo LKav m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

54


• fldfydUd lxldßh yd iïnkaO mqrdjD;a;h ±k.kshs'• fldfydUd lxldßfha tk kdgHuh ^wjia:d& fm<md<s u;=lr

fmkajhs'

• tu kdgHuh fm<md<sj, olakg ,efnk kdgHuh ,laIK y`ÿkd.kshs'

• ixjdo Ndú; lsÍu m%.=K lrhs'

• fldfydUd lxldßh m%p,s; m%foaY kï lrhs'

mejreu ( fldfydUd lxldßfha Wm;a l;dj ,shd tys tk kdgHuh fm<md<s

^hlalï my .nvd fld,a,h yd .=ref.a ud,dj& úia;r lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( isxy, .eñ kdglh - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøY%S ,xldfõ kdgH yd rx. l,dj - frda,kaâ wfímd,

55


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1'2 ( foaYSh kdgH l,dfõ b;sydih yd ine`È kdgH wxl=ruh wjia:dwOHhkh lr tys we;s m%dix.sl ,laIK y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu ( zzuvq r`. ,l=Kq úuiuqZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • uvq Ydka;sl¾ufha wruqKq yd Wm;a l;d úuihs'• uvq Ydka;sl¾uh hkq l=ula ± hs y`ÿkajhs'• uvq Ydka;sl¾uj, kdgHuh ,laIK úuihs'• tu kdgHuh wjia:d m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'• tu kdgHuh wjia:d kj ks¾udK iòyd fhdod.kshs'• foaYSh ixialD;sl yr moaO;s w.h lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( uvq Ydka;sl¾ufha o¾Yk wvx.= ixhqla; ;eá" PdhdrEm yd Ñ;% igyka'wod< úIh lreKq we;=<;a fmd;am;a'


mshjr 01 • uvq Ydka;sl¾uj, o¾Yk wvx.= ixhqla; ;eáhla fyda rx. wjia:d±lafjk PdhdrEm $ mska;+r fyda isiqkag keröug wjia:dj i,idfokak'

• uvq Ydka;sl¾uh o woDYHudk n,fõ.hkaf.ka ms<sirKla m;dlrkq ,nk mQcduh l%shdj,shla nj myodfokak'

mshjr 02 • uvq hd. l¾u j¾. lSmhla we;s nj;a" tkï .ïuvq" fofjd,a uvq"myka uvq" lsß uvq" mQkd uvq" .S uvq" yE,a¨ï uvq wd§ jYfhkamj;akd nj;a" fï w;ßka j¾;udk iudcfha jvd;a wikakgolskakg ,efnkafka .ïuvq iy fofjd,a uvq hd. muKla nj;afuh fmdÿ Ydka;sl¾uhla nj;a meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

• .ïuvqfõ fofjd,a uvqfõ Wm;a l;dj ieflúka olajkak' oUÈjfiarudkka kue;s rc flfkl= f.dafkl=g úo ueÍfuka wk;=rejffjÍ jQ f.dakd rcqf.a udfk,a úf,a ueähl= ù Wmka nj;a" Èklarc udfk,a u,la lvd kdihg <x lroa§ ueähd kdih Èf.a fud<hgf.dia lrk ,o mSvdj fya;=fjka rcqg ysirohla we;s jQ nj;a"m%;sldrj,ska iqjhla fkd,o w;r" rd;%s ySfkka ÿgq ldka;djlams<snò nuqKka l< ú.%yhlg wkqj ,xldjg meñK rejkaje,af,a§ fuu hd.h l< nj;a Wm;a l;dfõ iòyka ù we;s nj meyeÈ,slrkak'

• bkaÈhdfõ isg ,laÈjg meñfKñka isá fofjd,a y;a fokdf.akej uqyqÿn;a ùfuka miq f;dguqKqj,g f.dv neiSug fjk;afoújreka ndOd l< nj;a" wjidkfha iSks.ug f.dv ng wjia:dfõm;a;sks foaúh .sks l`ÿ 7 la ujd foú f;o mÍlaId l< wjia:dfõta ueog mek m%d;syd¾h md mqo lem .kakg wjir ,nd.;a nj;a".sks mE.Sfuka th isysm;a flfrk nj;a" isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'

56

mshjr 03 wU úouk" urd bmeoa§u" rdud ueÍu" we;ankaOkh" ó nkaOkh" fofjd,af.dv neiSu" kdgHuh fm<md,s uvq Ydka;sl¾u, we;' wU úoufkkamka;sksh wUfhka Wm;a l;d m%jD;a;shla" urd bmeoa§fuka mka;sksfoaúhf.a mqreIhd jk md<`. l=ure ms<snò l;d m%jD;a;sh;a" rdudueÍfï § fidrlulg iel lrkq ,nk rdud urd oud mek hdug ;e;alrk fyÜáhd w,a,d Tyq ,jd u rdudg mK bmeoa§u;a" ydiH cklwdldrfhka we;l= we,a,Su yd óul= we,a,Su;a wdÈ jYfhkakdgHdkqidrfhka wjia:d ksrEmKh lrkq ,nk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 04 óg wu;r j" ux.r l=ure ó leãug jkhg .sh úg l=¿óul= uqK .eiSTyq yd igka jeo mer§ ñh hk whqre;a" ux.r l=ureg h<s mK fokWmdhla is;k o< l=ure óud urd Wf.a wjhj Wmfhda.S lrf.klsßueiaila ;kd lsß W;=rejd ta lsß biSfuka ux.r l=ureg fuka uóudg o h<s mK ,nd fok whqre;a lshefjk l;d mqj; zzlsßuvqjZZYdka;s l¾uhg mdol jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' tfia u mQkd uvqfõ §mQkdjg jia fodia tl;= fldg .jhl= f.a ysig .id mQkdj ìò ±óuisÿ jk nj;a ieflúka olajkak' wjia:d ksrEmKh" ixjdo Ndú;h"wkqlrKh" iudfrdamh" fõIN+IK fm%alaIl iyNd.s;ajh" i;r wNskh"rx. N+ñh" wkqrEmKh hk kdgH ,laIK fuu mQcdl¾uj, wka;¾.;ù we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

by; lS ish¨ lreKq we;=<;a jk wdldrfhka m%Yak ud,djla iliafldg ms<s;=re iemhSug isiqkag wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

úfYaI igyk ( fuu mQcdl¾u ms<snò j w;sf¾l Woõ hgf;a § we;sfmd;a wOHhkh fldg wjYH lreKq ;jÿrg;a fidhd.kak'


• uvq Ydka;sl¾uj, Wm;a l;d ±k.ekSu'• fuu Ydka;s l¾uj, wruqKq m%ldY lsÍu'

• uvq Ydka;sl¾uj, kdgHuh wjia:d u;= lsÍu'

• uvq Ydka;sl¾uj, kdgHuh ,laIK y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• ixjdo yd wjia:d id¾:l j m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu'

mejreu ( uvq Ydka;sl¾u yd ine`È Wm;a l;d weiqßka ks¾udKd;aul fmd;a

msxpla ilia lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( isxy, .eñ kdglh - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøY%S ,xldfõ kdgH yd rx. l,dj - frda,kaâ wfímd,

57


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( foaYSh ck kdgH l,dj y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu 4'2'1 ( zzfidlß y`ÿkd.ksuqZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • fidlß ck kdglhla f,i y`ÿkd.kshs'• fidlß l;dj úia;r lrhs'• fidlß kdgHfha úfYaI ,laIK y`ÿkd.kshs'• fidlß kdgHfha wjia:d m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'• .eñ ixialD;sfha yr moaO;s w.hhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • fidlß kdgHfha o¾Yk we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá" PdhdrEm yd mska;+r• fidlß fm<


mshjr 01 • fidlß ixhqla; ;eáh fyda PdhdrEm rEm igyka fyda isiqkagkeröug wjia:dj i,idfokak'

• fmr iQodkï lrk ,o isiqjl= fyda lKavdhula u.ska fidlßkdglfha tk lú lSmhla .dhkd lrjkak'

• Y%S ,xldfõ merKs;u ck kdglh fia ie,flk fidlß kdglfhamrud¾: jYfhka úfkdaodiajdoh" m,odj" iY%Sl;ajh yd fi!Nd.HhWod lr.ekSu hk lreKq ±laúh yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' fuu.eñ kdglh Wvrg m%foaYj,g wdfõKsl nj;a" fuh m;a;sks mQcdjuq,a fldg .kakla nj;a i`oyka lrkak'

mshjr 02 • fidlß fiiq .eñkdglj,ska fjkia jQjla nj;a" flda,ï" kdv.ïjeks wfkl=;a .eñkdgl úúO l;d mqj;a wdY%h lr .ksñka lrkq,nk nj;a" fidlß kdgHfha tl u l;d mqj;la fhdod.ekSu;atys m%Odk pß;fha kduh kdgHfha kduh úu úfYaI;ajh jknj;a ;yjqre jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• tys Wm;a l;dj úia;r lrkak'

zzfidlßh" .=reydñ yd mrhd ,xldjg meñK mÈxÑ ùug ;eklafidhk w;r ;Urdúg kï .fï fjord< flfkla Tjqkg bvïlene,a,la fohs' Tjqka tys f.hla ;kd f.k jdih lrk w;rmeka fidhkakg hk wd`ä.=re fjord<f.a n,a,d úiska imd lkq,nhs' fjolug tk fjord< fidlß yd m,d hhs' wjidkfhawd`ä.=re úiska fidlßh fidhd.kq ,nk w;r" weh ta jk úg .eíf.k isáhs' miq j ish,af,da u iduodk fj;sZZ'

• fuu l;d idrh m%dfoaYSh jYfhka iq¿ iq¿ fjkiaùïj,g Ndckù we;s nj ksoiqka iys; j fmkajd fokak'

• fidlß" wd`ä.=re" mrhd" ld,s m%Odk pß; nj o Bg wu;r j fjord<"mÉpórd wd§ pß; o we;s nj l;dj wdY%fhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• fuys rx. ,laIK f,i wkqlrKh ^kej ;ekSu" kej Èh;a lsÍu"f.h iE§u wdÈh& kdgHO¾ó ,laIK iys; ùu' ̂ .=rekakdkafiaa lú.dhkh" k¾;kh u.ska rx.kh" rx. N+ñh ̂lu;& pß; ksrEmKh

58

îsh¨ u pß; msßñka úiska& fõIN+IK ̂ ir, fjia uqyqKq Ndú;h&rx. NdKav ̂ fmd¨ lE,a,la" fõÈldfõ jxf.äh& wNsrEmK ̂ meÿreúùu" n,a,d imd lEu yd fnfy;a lsÍu" foys lemSu wdÈh& ±laúhyels nj l;dj wdY%fhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 03 isiqka lKavdhï 2 lg fnokak' iïmQ¾K mdvu wdjrKh jk fiam%Yak W;a;r f.dkqjla ilia lrkak' th iu fia lKavdhï folgfnod § m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigykla u.ska ;r.hla mj;ajd ta talKavdhïj,g ,l=Kq ,ndfokak' ^ta iòyd WÑ; l%ufõohla^ks¾Kdhl& fhdod .kak&'


• fidlß kdglfha l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍu'• fidlß kdgHfha úfYaI ,laIK m%ldY lsÍu'

• fidlß kdgHfha pß; yd wjia:d m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu'

• fidlß m%p,s; j ;snQ m%foaY m%ldY lsÍu'

• fidlß kdgHfha mrud¾: úia;r lsÍu'

mejreu ( zzY%S ,xldfõ merKs u ck kdglh f,i ie,flk fidlßZZ ud;Dldj

hgf;a fidlß kdglh ms<snò j mqj;am;lg $ i`.rdjlg ,smshlailia lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( isxy, .eñ kdglh - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøY%S ,xldfõ kdgH yd rx. l,dj - frda,kaâ wfímd,fidlß fm<fidlß fyj;a .=re ygk - tka' fÊ' l=f¾

59


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( foaYSh ck kdgH l,dj y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu 4'2'2 ( zzflda,ï j.;=. úuiuqZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • flda,ï hkq l=ula±hs y`ÿkajhs'• flda,ï Wm;a l;dj úia;r lrhs'• flda,ïj, úfYaI ,laIK úuihs'• flda,ï rx.N+ñhl rEmigykla w`Èhs'• flda,ï bÈßm;a lrk wkqms<sfj< y`ÿkajhs'• foaYSh ck kdgl keröfï we,aula olajhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • flda,ï o¾Yk we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá" PdhdrEm yd Ñ;% igyka• flda,ï msgm;a iy ta ta pß; Ndú; lrk .dhkd• flda,ï rx.N+ñfhys rEmigykla


mshjr 01 • Tng ;sfnk myiqlï wkqj flda,ï ms<snò oDYH mghla $ PdhdrEmfyda Ñ;% igyka wdÈfhka tla fohla m%o¾Ykh fldg mdvugwj;S¾K jkak' isiqjl=g flda,ï pß;hla mqyqKq fldg r`. ±laùul< yels kï th jvd;a isiqka wdl¾IKh lr.ekSug fya;= jkqwe;'

• by;ska olajk ,o o¾Yk keröfuka miq" ta foaYSh ck kdgHúfYaIhla jk flda,ï nj o" zzflda,ïZZ hkak fjiauqyqKq me<òkeàu hkqfjka w¾: .ekafjk nj o" fuu ck kdgH úfYaIhmy; rg m%foaYj, m%p,s; j ;snQjla nj o iòyka lrñka idlÉPdjlafufyhjkak'

mshjr 02 Wla; o¾Yk wkqidrfhka my; ±lafjk mßÈ flda,ïj, úfYaI ,laIKy`ÿkd.ekSu iòyd isiqkag iydh jkak'

• fjia uqyqKq neò keàu yd ish¨ pß;j,g ksYaÑ; fjia uqyqKq;sìu'

• foaYSh .eñ .dhkd we;=<;a j ;sîu'

• k¾;kh nyq, j fhdod .ekSu yd ish¨ pß;j,g wkkH jQ k¾;kffY,shla ;sîu'

• ydfiHda;amdol mQ¾j rx.hla yd kdgHuh .=Kfhka hqla; wmrrx.hla ;sîu'

• my; rg Ydka;sl¾uj, wdNdih flda,ïj, o olakg ,eîu'• wdx.sl" jdÑl iy wdyd¾h wNskh Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka

ydfiHda;amdokh lsÍu'• iudcfha ÿn,;d ydiHhg yd ;shqKq Wmydihg ,la lsÍu'• úfkdaoiajdoh fyda mQcHd¾:h mrud¾: fldg flda,ï r`. olajkakg

we;e hs hk woyi idlÉPd lsÍu'

60

flda,ï Wm;a l;dj isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr fokak'zzuyd iïu; rcqf.a ìijg kegqï iskd fl<s ±lSug Wmka fod<ÿllsis u kegqulska ika;¾mKh l< fkdyels jQ nj;a" ta ms<snò j uy;afia ;efjk rc;=ud ±l Yl%ÈjH rdchd f.a m`vqmq,a wiqk WKq jQ nj;a"fya;=j jgyd .;a Yl%hd tla rd;%shl rcf.a u.=,a Whfka flda,ïuqyqKq ;nd .sh nj;a" k¿jka tajd neòf.k kgd ìijf.a fod<ixisòjQ nj;a fuys Wm;a l;dfõ iòyka jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 03 Tn ilia lr f.k we;s flda,ï rx.N+ñh wdY%h lr .ksñka my;iòyka lreKq y`ÿkajd fokak't<suyka rx.N+ñhla jQ flda,ï rx.N+ñh zz;dkdhï fmd<ZZ kñka oye`Èkafõ' th ljdldr yevhla .kshs'

flda,ï bÈßm;a lrk wkqms<sfj< ms<snò j idlÉPd lrkak'

1' f;dr;=re l;d ldrhd" ldßh lrjk rd, fyj;a ifí úodfka2' wKfnr flda,u3' fyajd flda,u4' fmd,sia flda,u5' wdrÉÑ rd<6' fmaärd< fyj;a ci flda,u yd f,kaÑkd7' uqo,s

^we;eï wjia:dj, § fuu pß; inhg meñfKk wkqms<sfjf,afjkialï we;s nj o mjikak&

wmr rx.h ( rcq iy ìij f.a iïm%dma;shflda,ï l;dj r`. ±laùu' ̂ ukfï l;dj" f.daGhsïnrl;dj' iòls`ÿre l;dj jeks l;d&

mdvu wjidkfha my; iòyka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSu iòyd Wmfoia,ndfokak'

1' flda,ï Wm;a l;dj úia;r lrkak'2' flda,ï hk jpkfhys w¾:h olajd flda,ï m%p,s; ù we;s m%foaY

y`ÿkajkak'3' flda,ïj, olakg ,efnk úfYaI ,laIK fudkjd o@4' flda,ï rx.N+ñhl rEm igykla weò tys úfYaI ia:dk kï fldg

ta ta ia:dkj, jeo.;alu iòyka lrkak'5' flda,ï bÈßm;a lrk wkqms<sfj< olajkak'


• flda,ï hkq l=ula ± hs y`ÿkd.ekSu'• flda,ï Wm;a l;dj m%ldY lsÍu'

• flda,ïj, úfYaI ,laIK bÈßm;a lsÍu'

u,ame,

flda,ï inh ^rx. N+ñh&

fjia w;a; ^;ukaf.a jdrh tk;=re k¿jkaie`.ù isák ia:dkh&

uvqj ^k¿jka fõI ksrEmKh lrk ia:dkh&

61

• ;dkdhï fmd< yd tys ld¾hhka ksjerÈ j i`oyka lsÍu'

• flda,ï rx.hla bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh wkqms<sfj<ska ±laùu'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( flda,ï msgm;aisxy, .eñ kdglh - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøY%S ,xldfõ kdgH yd rx. l,dj - frda,kaâ wfímd,flda,ï kdgl iy ,xldfõ fjia uqyqKq - weï'tÉ' .=K;s,lflda,ï kdgl idys;Hh - weï'tÉ' .=K;s,lisxy, flda,ï iïm%odh - .dñKS oE, nKavdr

62


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3 ( kdv.ï l,dj ms<snò j úuihs'

l%shdldrlu ( zzfudkj o fï kdv.ïZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • kdv.ïj, m%Njh fidhhs'• Y%s ,xldfõ kdv.ï m%p,s; m%foaY kï lrhs'• kdv.ï rx.N+ñh fyj;a zzlr<shZZ ms<snò j úuihs'• kdv.ïj, úfYaI ,laIK y`ÿkajhs'• kdv.ula bÈßm;a lefrk wkqms<sfj< m%ldY lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • kdv.ï msgm;a• ckm%sh kdv.ï .S; iy tu .S; we;=<;a Y%jH $ oDYH mg" PdhdrEm


mshjr 01 • isiqkag kdv.ï .S;hla Y%jKh lsÍug i,iajñka mdvug msúfikak'^wdf, nekao udf. ruHjka .S;h fyda fjk;a .S;hla& fuh .=rejrhdyd YsIHhska tlaj .dhkd lsÍfuka isiqka jvd;a m%fndaOu;a jkqwe;'

tu .dhkh weiqßka Wla; .S;h kdv.ï .S;hla nj;a" .eñ l,djlajYfhka ie,flk kdv.ïj, olaIsK Ndr;Sh zzf;relal+;a;=ZZfyj;a ùÓ kdgHj, wdNdih olakg ,efnk nj;a isiqka yd idlÉPdlrkak' fldaÜfÜ yd uykqjr rdcOdks hq.j, we;s jQ øúv n,mEïfya;=fjka bkaÈhdfõ .eñ kdgH úfYaIhla jQ kdv.ï ,xldfõ om%pdrh jQ nj;a" miqj foaYSh kdgH úfYaIhla f,i kdv.ï j¾OkhjQ nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak' Y%S ,xldfõ r`. ±la jQ m%:u isxy, kdv.uf,i ie,flkafka ms,smamqis[af[da úiska ksIamdokh lrk ,ozzweyef,afmd, fyj;a isxyf,a kdv.uZZ nj;a th 1824 § muKfõÈld.; l< nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Y%S ,xldfõ hdmkh" y,dj;" fld<U" je,s.u" ud;r" ;x.,a, jeksuqyqÿnv m%foaYj, kdv.ï m%p,s; j mej;s nj myodfokak'

mshjr 02 kdv.ï r`. olajkq ,enQ rx.N+ñh zzlr<shZZ kñka ye`Èka jQ nj;a thmia mqrjd Wiaj ilia lr.;a w¾O jD;a;dldr rx. N+ñhla nj;a lr<shwdikakfha fkam:Hd.drh f,i Ndú; l< uvqjla o" lr<sh yd uvqjw;r lv;=rdjla o ;snQ nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak' ^rEm igyka wdY%fhka&

wx. iïmQ¾K kdgH msgm;la ;sîu;a" fou< yd ixialD; jpk ñY%lfGdar NdIdjla Ndú; lsÍu;a kdv.ïj, úfYaI ,laIK fia ie,lshyels nj ksoiqka wdY%fhka idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 03 kdv.ï rx. ffY,sh ms<snò j my; iòyka lreKq hgf;a idlÉPdlrkak'• kdv.u bÈßm;a lsÍfï § mQ¾jrx.fha § nyqnQ;hd ^flda,ud"

fldaKx.shd&" fi,a,ï <ud" fnr jhkakka" wkd.; jDla;D iy

63

y`v ¥;hka" ms<sfj<ska lr<shg msúiSu wk;=rej rc iNdfõweu;sjreka yd rcqf.a iïm%dma;sh isÿùu iy kdv.fï l;d mqj;r`. ±laùu'

• olaIsK Ndr;Sh l¾Kdgl ix.S;fha rd.;d, wkqj .S; yd ix.S;hks¾udKh ù ;sîu'

• fmdf;a .=re yd .dhl lKavdhu úiska kdgHh bÈßm;a lrkq ,eîu'

• kdv.ï l;dj Èk 3-7 w;r ld,hla r`. ±laùu'

• .eyekq pß; o msßñka úiska ksrEmKh lrkq ,eîu'

• lsÜika myka yd mkaoï wdf,dalh Ndú;d lsÍu'

• jdµ NdKav jYfhka fydrKEj" uoao,h" lhs;d,u" rúls[a[hwdÈh Ndú; lsÍu'

my; iòyka kdv.ï yd kdv.ïlrejka ms<snò j ye`Èkaùula lrkak'

weyef,afmd, fyj;a isxyf,a kdv.uisxyj,a,S" idka; fcdaImaiqfiõ" fyf,akd" úYajl¾uud;,ka" fik.mamq" rc;=ka lÜgqjiq,Udj;S" ia:dlals

n%ïfmdaâ kdglh" ne,ika; - ù' l%sia;shka fmf¾rdñhqßka" ñ,skd" mrjqr - fudaor mE,sia wmamqydñrx.j,a,s" ueßkd" ldxÑ - .,alsiafia fykaøsla wmamqydñ

bhqðka" oUfoks l;djfm%daáhka iy je,kaghska mS' mSßiaÈklr kdv.ufif,ia;skd pd¾,sia o wdfn%õ,shfkdard tka'ã' f;dauia is,ajd

fuf;la W.;a lreKq wdY%h lr.ksñka my; iòyka j.=j msrùuiòyd isiqka fhduq lrkak'

kdgH j¾.h

r`.mdk ,o ia:dkh

fhdod.;a ix.S;h

Ndú; l< jdµ NdKav

uq,a u isxy, kdv.u

uq,a u isxy, kdv.ï rplhd

ia:djr md;%hkaf.a kï

m%p,s; jQ m%foaY

m%isoaO kdv.ïlrefjda ^lSm fofkla&

úfYaI ,laIK

rx. ffY,sh ^lreKq 3 la&

ms,smamq is[af[da

64


• kdv.ïj, m%Njh ±k isàu'• kdv.ï m%p,s; m%foaY kï lsÍu'

• rx.N+ñh úia;r lsÍu'

• kdv.ïj, úfYaI ,laIK yd rx. ffY,sh y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• kdv.ï yd kdv.ïlrejka kï lsÍu'

mejreu ( kdv.ï .S;hla rx.kh iys; j mqyqKq ù bÈßm;a lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( isxy, .eñ kdglh - tÈßùr irÉpkaøY%S ,xldfõ kdgH yd rx. l,dj - frda,kaâ wfímd,kdv.ï msgm;aisxy, kdv.ï yd oñ< l+;a;= - weï'tÉ' .=K;s,l

65


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'4 ( kQ¾;s l,dfõ úfYaI ,laIK úuihs'

l%shdldrlu ( zzkQ¾;s y`ÿkd.ksuqZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • kQ¾;s kdgH ixl%uKsl kdgH l,djla f,i meyeÈ,s lrhs'• úfYaIs; kQ¾;s kdgHlrejka yd Tjqka f.a ks¾udK kï lrhs'• kq¾;s iòyd fhdod.;a l;d jia;+ka j¾. lrhs'• kQ¾;s rx. ffY,sh y`ÿkd.kshs'• kQ¾;s ix.S;h w.hhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( kQ¾;s .S; we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá" Y%jH oDYH mg" kQ¾;s kdgH lSmhla


mshjr 01 .=re;=ud fyda .=re;=ñh fyda olaI isiqjl= ,jd kQ¾;s .S;hla .dhkdlrñka mdvug msúfikak' kQ¾;s kdgH msgm;a yd Y%jH$oDYH mgisiqkag weiSug keröug wjia:dj i,idfokak'

mshjr 02 1877 fndïndfha isg meñKs n,sj,d kï md¾is cd;slhd m%uqL;ajfhkakQ¾;s kdgHl,dj furg m%p,s; ù we;s nj idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 03 foaYSh kdgH l,dfõ m%.ukhg" fmdaIKhg kQ¾;s l,dj n,mE whqrefláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 04 • uq,a u isxy, kQ¾;sh zzfrd,SkdZZ nj;a uq,au isxy, kQ¾;s rplhd iS'fodka nia;shka j.;a isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• kQ¾;s iïm%odhfha ckm%shu kQ¾;s rplhd fcdaka o is,ajd jk w;rTyqf.a kdgH lD;Ska w;r rdudhKh" isßi`.fnda" oiafldka" ÿgq.euqKq"k,rdc pß;h yd Y%S úl%u ckm%sh nj;a fmkajd fokak'

• pd,aia vhia olaI kQ¾;s Ys,amsfhla jQ w;r mKavqldNh" kd.dkkao"l=i cd;lh" moaudj;S wd§ ckm%sh kQ¾;s Tyqf.a lD;Ska nj;a tukQ¾;s yd ne`ÿKq m%isoaO r`.y," zzgj¾ fyda,aZZ kï jQ nj;a meyeÈ,slrkak'

• kQ¾;s iòyd fhdod.;a l;d jia;+ka foaYdkqrd.h okjk kdgH"ft;sydisl isoaëka mdol fldg.;a ld,Sk iudc isoaëka we;=<;akdgH jYfhka j¾. l< yels nj flá idlÉPdjlska meyeÈ,s lrfokak'

• wd.ñl yd cd;sl jYfhka ye`.Sï we;s lsÍu Wfoid ,dxlSh b;sydihiy ckm%jdo mdol lr.ksñka lrk ,o isßi`.fnda" ÿgq.euqKq wd§ks¾udK ms<snò idlÉPd lrkak'

• kQ¾;s rx. ffY,sfha úfYaI ,laIK jYfhka rpkd lrk ,okdgH msgm;la lshùu" uqo,a whlr r`.y,la ;=< fmkajk ,ouq,au kdgH kQ¾;s j.;a" W;a;r Nr;Sh ix.S;h fhdod .ekSu" ldka;dpß; ldka;djka úiska u r`.mEu" kdgH iòyd úÑ;%j;a f,i Ñ;%jia;% Ndú;d lsÍu" fjiafudaia;r" rx.N+ñ w,xlrK" kdfgHdamlrKúÑ;%j;a f,i fhdod .ekSu wd§ lreKq idlÉPd lrkak'

66

• kQ¾;s .S; oDYH mg weiSug i,iajd kQ¾;s .S; .dhkhg iy .S; riúkaokh i`oyd isiqkag wjia:djla ,nd fokak'


• kQ¾;s y`ÿkd.ekSu'• kQ¾;s kdgHlrejka yd kQ¾;s kdgH j¾. lr y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• kQ¾;s kdgHj, úfYaI ,laIK y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• kQ¾;s kdgH .S; .dhkhg yd weiSug leue;a;la ±laùu'

mejreu ( kQ¾;s kdgH .S; moud,d tl;= lr fmd;la ilia lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( isxy, .eñ kdglh - tÈßùr irÉpkaøisxy, kdgH jxYh - úfÊr;ak m;srKfcdaka o is,ajd yd isxy, kdgH - úu,a Èidkdhl

67


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'5'1 ( kQ;k kdgHfha .uka u. ms<snò j úuihs'

l%shdldrlu ( zzkQ;k kdgH .uka u. olsuqZZ


b.ekqï m, ( • kQ;k kdgHfha .uka u. ilia lsÍug odhl jQ kdgHlrejkaúuihs'

• ld,Sk iudc miqìu wkqj úúO kdgH m%jK;d we;s jQ nj m%ldYlrhs'

• kQ;k kdgH m%jK;d y`ÿkajhs'• ta ta hq.hg wod< kdgH ks¾udK kï lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • ì%iag,a fndaâ" ma,eá.akï• kdgHj, kï iòyka l< ldâm;a


mshjr 01 fmr mdvfï § bf.k.;a whqre isxy, kdgH l,dfõ kq;k hq.hwerfUkafka kQ¾;s kdgH iïm%odh iu. nj isiqka iu. idlÉPdlrñka mdvug msúfikak'

merKs .eñ kdgHj, fkd;snqKq" tfy;a kQ;k kdgHj, olakg ,efnkiSñ; ld,hla ;=< m%o¾Ykh lsÍu' ia;%S pß; ia;%Ska úiska u r`.mdkq,eîu" rx.Yd,d Ndú;h" miq;, ks¾udK" rx.df,dalh jeks wdkqIx.sl

wx. tlaùu jeks kj kdgH m%jK;dj, wdrïNh kQ¾;sh iu. isÿ jQnj isysm;a lrjkak' fmdÿ iudcfha tfia isÿfjoa§ úYaj úoHd,hmdol fldg f.k ìys jk kdgH l,djla o ;snQ nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 02 kQ;k isxy, kdgH l,dfõ uq,a u wjia:dj jkafka wdÈ úYaj úoHd,hkdgH nj;a" th wÈhr folla ̂ 1933-1942 iy 1943-1952& hgf;a úldYkhjQ nj;a ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrkak' fuu ld,h ;=< bx.%Sis kdgHfuka u mßj¾;k yd wkqj¾;k kdgH u.ska o isxy, kdgH l,djixj¾Ok jQ nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

bkamiq hq.fha uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a m¾fhaIKd;aul kdgHisxy, kdgH l,dfõ fmdaIKhg n,mE wdldrh;a" yefÜ oYlfha §kdgHO¾ó yd f,dalO¾ó ffY,sfhka mßj¾;k" wkqj¾;k yd iaj;ka;%kdgH ks¾udKh jQ nj;a" tu ks¾udKj,g ckl;d" ft;sydisl lreKqwe;=<;a l;d" foaYmd,k yd mka;s .egqï ksrEms; isoaëka" wd§ úúOf;audjka mdol ù we;s nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak' ^w;sf¾l Woõ hgf;afï ms<snò lreKq ieflúka olajd ;sfí&'

mshjr 03 wdÈ úYaj úoHd,hSh bx.%Sis yd isxy, kdgH" uydpd¾h irÉpkaø kdgHyeg oYlfha iy ye;a;Ej oYlfha kdgHj, kï fjk fjk um;%sldj, ,shd tla f.dvlg ;nkak' isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnodta ta lKavdhu ta ta hq.hg wh;a kdgH tu f.dfvka fjka fldgf;dard .kak ilia lr.;a mqjrejl WÑ; l%uhlg tu kï we;=<;alrkak' ^/òùfuka" we,ùfuka fyda ,sùfuka&

68

úYaj úoHd,hSh kdgH ix.ufha 1bx.%Sis kdgH 2^B't*a'iS' ¨fvdjhsla ksIamdok& 3

45

úYaj úoHd,Sh 1isxy, iñ;sfha kdgH 2

345

irÉpkaø kdgH 12345

1960 iy 1970 oYlj, kdgH 1234

5


• B't*a'iS' ¨fvdjhsla f.a bx.%Sis kdgH ye`Èkaùu'

• kQ;k kdgHfha .ukau. ilia lsÍug odhl jQ kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• ld,Sk iudc miqìu wkqj úúO kdgH m%jK;d we;s jQ nj m%ldYlsÍu'

• kQ;k kdgH m%jK;d ye`Èkaùu'

• ta ta hq.hg wod< kdgH ks¾udK kï lsÍu'

mejreu ( Wla; mdvu wdY%s; j m%Yafkda;a;r ix.%yhla ilia lrkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( úYaj úoHd,hSh kdgH jxYh - ;siai ldßhjiïisxy, kdgH jxYh - úfÊr;ak m;srdc

úYaj úoHd, bx.%Sis kdgH lSmhla ^B't*a'iS' ¨fvdjhsla ksIamdok&

1933 Where Women Rule laúkafgfrda ifydaorfhda1934 The Rivals fIßvka1935 Imaginary Invalid fuda,sh¾1936 The Ladies from Alfaqueque laúkagfrda ifydaorfhda1937 The Servant of Two Masters ldf,da f.d,afvdks1938 Arms and the Man n¾kdâ fIda1939 The Red Maned steed Hsiung Ök kdgHlre1940 The Merry Wives of Windsor fYalaiamsh¾1941 Peace and Quiet laúkafgfrda ifydaorfhda1942 Marco Millions hqÔka Tks,a1943 The Simpleton of the Unexpected Isles n¾kdâ fIda1945 Right you are (If you think so) ¨hsð ms/kafvf,da

69

úYajúoHd,fha isxy, iñ;sh u.ska r`. ±la jQ kdgH

1936 bfí fjod ^fuda,sh¾& wdpd¾h u,,fialr

1939 hka;ï .e,jqkd wdpd¾h u,,fialr

1941 mqÿu fíß,a, t,a' hQ' chisxy

1943 uqo,d,sf.a fmr<sh ^fuda,sh¾& B'wd¾' irÉpkaø" ta' mS' .=Kr;ak

1945 lmqjd lfmda;s ksfld,dhs f.df.d,a

1949-50 yex.s fydrd ^Tiald jhs,aâ& irÉpkaø

1951 u.=,a m%ia;dj wka;ka fpfldõ

1951 j,yd wka;ka fpfldõ

1951 nysk l,dj fyj;a ixialD;sl flduidßia

1953 fjo ygk fuda,sh¾

1954 ryia flduidßia ksfld,dhs f.df.d,a

1955 j`Èkak .sh foajdf,a uydpd¾h irÉpkaø

uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøf.a kdgH lSmhla

1956 ukfï

1958 r;a;rx

1958 lod j<¨

1959 tf,dj .syska fuf,dj wdjd

1960 fj,a,jeyqï

1961 isxyndyq

1960 yia;sldka; uka;f¾

1961 talg ug yskd yskd

1967 uydidr

1969 fmauf;da cdh;S fidaflda

1988 Nj lv;=rdj

1960 iy 1970 oYlfha ksIamdokh jQ m%isoaO kdgH lSmhla

fndaäxldrfhda - iq.;md, o is,ajd

yßu nvqyhla - iq.;md, o is,ajd

cfka,h - fykaß chfiak

yqKqjgfha l;dj - fykaß chfiak

kßnEKd - ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok

fnry`v - nkaOq, chj¾Ok

iqn iy hi - ihsuka kj.;af;a.u

ÿkak ÿkq .uqfõ - iq.;md, o is,ajd

le<Ks md,u - wd¾' wd¾' iurfldaka

70


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'5'2 ( kdgH j¾. ms<snò j wOHhkh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgH j¾. y`ÿkd.ksuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • mßj¾;k hkq l=ula ± hs m%ldY lrhs'• wkqj¾;k y`ÿkajhs'• iaj;ka;% kdgH úia;r lrhs'• mßj¾;k" wkqj¾;k yd iaj;ka;% kdgH kï lrhs'• tu kdgHj, iqúfYaI;d úuihs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • mßj¾;k" wkqj¾;k yd iaj;ka;% kdgH fm< lSmhla• tu j¾.j,g wh;a kdgHj, cjksld we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá


mshjr 01 mßj¾;k" wkqj¾;k yd iaj;ka;% kdgH o¾Yk keröug ie,eiaùufyda tu kdgH fm< y`ÿkajd §u fyda u.ska mdvug msúfikak'

lsishï kdgH lD;shl l;d jia;=j" uqLHd¾:h" pß;" ia:dk kdu wdÈhfjkia fkdfldg NdIdj muKla fjk;a NdIdljg fmr<Suzzmßj¾;khlaZZ nj;a"

uq,a lD;sfha tk pß; yd ia:dk kdu fjkia lrñka" uQ,sl isoaêhWlyd f.k mßirhg .e<fmk wdldrfhka ilia lrkq ,nk lD;shzzwkqj¾;khlaZZ nj;a"

;uka úiska u ks¾udKh lr.kq ,nk ft;sydisl" idys;H fydackfõofha tk l;djla fyda iudc ixisoaêhla f;aud fldg.;aks¾udKh zziaj;ka;%ZZ lD;shla f,i y`ÿkajk nj;a isiqkag meyeÈ,slr fokak'

mshjr 02 mßj¾;k kdgH lD;shla iEu w;ska u îx.S;h" wdf,dallrKh"fõIN+IK" wdkqIx.sl l,d& uq,a lD;shg iudk úh hq;= nj;a"cd;Hka;r jYfhka Wiia .Kfha kdgH wmg kerôh yels wdldrhguq,a NdIdfjka fyda fjk;a mßj¾;s; NdIdjlska isxy,hg ke.Sfï §uq,a lD;shg ydkshla fkdjk mßÈ mßj¾;kh lsÍu jeo.;a nj;ameyeÈ,s lrkak'

Wiia .Kfha iaj;ka;% kdgHj, wvqjla mej;s hq.fha wkqj¾;kj,skatu ld¾hh iEfyk ÿrlg msßueiqKq wdldrh;a" úfoaYSh kdgH isxy,fm%laIlhdg ri ú`§ug myiqùu iòyd wkqj¾;kj,ska bgq jQld¾hNdrhla isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkak' uydpd¾h B't*a'iS'¨fvdjhsla" uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø" .=Kfiak .,mam;a;s" Oïucdf.dv" rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s jeks wh id¾:l wkqj¾;k bÈßm;a fldgwe;s wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

;ud úiska u lrkq ,nk ks¾udK zziaj;ka;% kdgHZZ kï jk nj;afndfyda úg thska iuld,Sk iudch ms<sìUq jk nj;a àg¾ kdgHrplhka jk isßfiak úu,ùr ñk¾jd kdgH bÈßm;a l< î'ta'ví,sõ'

71

chudkak hk wh fuka u" tÈßùr irÉpkaø" fykaß chfiak"

iq.;md, o is,ajd" ihsuka kj.;af;a.u" ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok" wd¾'wd¾'

iurfldaka" fla'î' fyar;a" nkaOq, chj¾Ok wd§ iaj;ka;% kdgHlrejka

rdYshla isák nj;a meyeÈ,s jk whqßka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

mshjr 03 tla lKavdhulg isiqka myla muK jk fia mka;sfha isiqkalKavdhïj,g fnokak'

4'5'2'1 hgf;a § we;s"

(i) m%fya<sldj

(ii) Wmldrl mo

(iii) mßj¾;k kdgH

(iv) wkqj¾;k iy kdgH

(v) iaj;ka;% kdgH

i`oyka m;%sld f.dkqj ne.ska ta ta lKavdhïj,g ,nd § m%fya<sldj

msrùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' imhk ,o úia;r m;%sld wdY%fhka

ish¨ ms<s;=re iemehSug yels nj isiqkag myod foñka Tjqka Wla;

ld¾hh i`oyd fhduq lrkak'


• mßj¾;k" wkqj¾;k yd iaj;ka;% kdgH y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• mßj¾;k yd wkqj¾;k kdgHj, uq,a lD;s yd uq,a rplhka ye`Èkaùu'

• tu lD;sj, mßj¾;lhka yd mßj¾;s; lD;s kï lsÍu'

• iaj;ka;% kdgH yd kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• wkqj¾;k" mßj¾;k yd iaj;ka;% kdgH tlsfklg fjkia jkafka

flfia ± hs úia;r lsÍu'

mejreu ( lKavdhï l%shdldrlfï § isiqka fj; ,nd § we;s úia;r m;%sldj o

Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

1' mßj¾;k kdgH2' wkqj¾;k kdgH3' iaj;ka;% kdgH hk ud;Dld hgf;a iúia;r igyka ilia lrkak'

72

4'5'2'1 ̂ 1&

Wmldrl mo (

yryg

01' lsishï kdgH lD;shl l;d jia;=j" pß;" ia:dk kdu wdÈh fjkia fkdfldg NdIdj

muKla fjk;a nilg fmr<Su fufia y`ÿkajhs'

04' rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s úiska ksIamdokh lrk ,o iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

08' ieuqfj,a fnlÜf.a Waiting for Godot fÊ'ta' fi,ajfodf¾ úiska isxy,g mßj¾;khlf<a fï kñks'

09' ckm%sh úfoaYSh kdgHlrejl= jk fudyq n¾kdâ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kï fõ'

12' nkaOq, chj¾Okhka zfnry`vZ kñka wkqj¾;kh lrkq ,enqfõ fidf*dla,Siaf.a fuukdgHhhs'

13' fuu uka;f¾ irÉpkaø iQÍkaf.a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

14' î'ta'ví,sõ' chudkakf.a kdgH lKavdhu fuu kñka ye`Èkafõ'

15' fuu wdrlaIlhd o ñk¾jd lKavdhfï iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

16' maf,dagiaf.a zzrEvkaiaZZ nkaOq, chj¾Ok isxy,g mßj¾;kh lf<a fuu kñks'

17' fuu mqj; ohdkkao .=Kj¾Okf.a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

18' fla'î' fyar;af.a m%lg iaj;ka;% ks¾udKhls'

21' fiaßjdKsc l;dj f;aud fldg.;a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

23' isßfiak úu,ùrf.a kdgHhls'

21 3 4 65fym j

ß 7

9

8f.d k

13y

16

f.

U

21l

31iq

27T

30

ð

22

f,da

40 ;a .

38

35

È

36 y

41h

39

hd

rd

3332 fka

ka

u29

is

25f¾

20

bb12

á

17.

Ü19

24

26 ¾

23

28

ue

34

x

18 ß

14

15

k

,a

ka

10

37mq

11

l=

y

73

25' Run for your wife fudyqf.a lD;shls'

26' rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s zzysre ke;s f,djZZ kñka isxy,g mßj¾;kh lf<a fudyqf.a The LowerDepths kï lD;shhs'

29' Run for your wife wkqj¾;kh lrkq ,enqfõ zz''''''''''''''''''''' .sks .ksZZ lshd h'

30' iaj;ka;% kdgHhla jQ pkaøfiak oikdhlf.a zzrkal`|ZZ kdgHhg n¾kdâ fIda f.a fuulD;sh o wdY%h fldg .ekqKs'

32' fykaß chfiakf.a iaj;ka;% ks¾udKhls'

34' zz''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úid,ZZ iq.;md, o is,ajdf.a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

36' zzbla fkõgdbZZ ys isxy, wkqj¾;khhs'

37' kj.;af;a.uf.a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

40' ia;%sh" mqiaf,davx iqn iy hi fudyqf.a lD;Ska h'

41' zzTf;f,da fyj;a jekSisfha ''''''''''''''''''''''''ZZ fYalaiamsh¾f.a zzOthello - The Moor of VeniceZZlD;sfha mßj¾;khhs'

my<g

01' uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhka f.a lD;shls'

02' fm%aurxð;a ;s,lr;ak f.a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

03' ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok úiska ksIamdokh lrk ,o b;d ckm%sh kdgHhls'

05' pq,a, Okq¾Or cd;lh f;aud fldg f.k ksIamdÈ; ckm%shu iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

06' fndaksls f.or kñka isxy,g mßj¾;kh jQ Doll's House fudyqf.a lD;shls'

07' fykaß chfiakhka f.a ckm%sh iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

10' Oj, NSIK kdgHfha uq,a lD;sh jk Men Without Shadows lD;sh fudyq úiska ,shk

,oaols' ^idf;% w. ku fõ&

11' fla' î' fyar;af.a ft;sydisl l;djla f;aud fldg.;a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

16' ksfld,dhs f.df.d,af.a The Marriage lD;sfha wkqj¾;kh hs'

18' tÈßùr irÉpkaø iQÍkaf.a msh fifkyi l=¿.kajk iaj;ka;% kdgHfha mq;df.a pß;hfuu zzndyqZZ kï fõ'

19' ch,;a ufkdar;akf.a ckm%sh iaj;ka;% ks¾udKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' u, msms,d h'

20' nkaÿ, ú;dkf.a isxy,g mßj¾;kh l< The Merchant of Venice kdgHhg mdol jQk.rh

22' iq.;md, o is,ajd zzyßu nvq yhlaZZ kñka wkqj¾;kh lf<a fudyqf.a Six Characters inSearch of an Author lD;shhs'

24' f*âßflda .¾Ishd f,da¾ldf.a fuu lD;sh fuu kñka u tÈßùr irÉpkaø iQÍka ydiqks,a wdßhr;ak iQÍka úiska mßj¾;kh flßKs' .=Kfiak .,mam;a;s uQÿmq;a;= kñkawkqj¾;kh lf<a o fuu lD;shhs'

27' fla'Ô' lreKd;s,l mßj¾;kh l< fYalaiamsh¾f.a kdgHhls'

28' fYalaiamsh¾f.a kug fuu fldgi o we;=<;a h'

31' ihsuka kj.;af;a.u f.a foaYmd,kuh f;audjla /.;a iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

32' iqkkao ufyakaøhka úiska fykaßla bíikaf.a lD;shla fukñka mßj¾;kh lrk ,§'

33' tõ.sks Iajd;aiaf.a The Dragon isß,a iS' fmf¾rd isxy,g mßj¾;kh lf<a fuu kñks'

35' zfudaor fuda,Z iaj;ka;% kdgHfha ks¾ud;Djrhd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' O¾ulS¾;s h'

38' fla'î' fyar;af.a zz''''''''''''''''''''''' .=re,dZZ iaj;ka;% kdgHhls'

39' irÉpkaø iQÍka f.a iaj;ka;% kdgHhla jQ fuh zz'''''''''''''''''''''''' lv;=rdZZ kï fõ'

74

4'5'2'1 ̂ III&

mßj¾;k kdgH lSmhla

uq,a lD;sh rplhd mßj¾;s; ku mßj¾;lhd

fldflaishka fpdala - i¾l,a n¾fgda,aÜ fn%yaÜ yqKqjgfha l;dj fykaß chfiak

fõáx f*da f.dfvda ieuqfj,a fnlÜ f.dfvda tklx fÊ'ta' fi,ajfodf¾

leÜ Tka o fydÜ áka rE*a fgkis ú,shïia fyf,a ke.a. fvdax mq;d iq.;md, o is,ajd

f,aä f*%dï o iS fykaßla bíika ihqfrka wd <`o iqkkao ufyakaø

o mì,sla tksñ fykaßla bíika cky;=rd iqkkao ufyakaø

o f,daj¾ fvma;aia uelaisï f.da¾ls ysre ke;s f,dj rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s

u¾pkaÜ T*a fjksia ú,shï fYalaiamsh¾ jekSisfha fjf<kaod nkaÿ, ú;dkf.a

o ;%s fmks Tfmrd n¾fgda,aÜ fn%yaÜ mekai ;=fka l;dj úð; .=Kr;ak

o v%e.ka tõ.sks Iajd;aia ulrdlaIhd isß,a iS' fmf¾rd

È t,av¾ ika wef,laiekav¾ mq;% iud.u m%ikak ú;dkf.a

- pïmsf,daõ

Bämia frlaia fidf*dla,Sia Bämia rc wdßhjxY rKùr

wekaá.kS fidf*dla,Sia wekaá.kS wdßhjxY rKùr

r;akdj,S kdáld Y%S y¾I r;akdj,S mshodi ksYaYxl

rEvkaia maf,dagia lUh nkaOq, chj¾Ok

o *do¾ ´.iaÜ iaá%kaïn¾.a mS;D fm%aurxð;a ;s,lr;ak

fvda,aia yjqia fykaßla bíika fndaksls f.or iqks,a úfÊisßj¾Ok

fpß ́ ¾pd¾â wekagka fpfldõ fpßj;a; uekaÈia frdayKër

wem,a ld¾Ü n¾kdâ fIda wem,a lr;a;h mshodi ksYaYxl

4'5'2'1 ̂ IV&

wkqj¾;k kdgH

uq,a lD;sh rplhd wkqj¾;k lD;sh wkqj¾;l

islaia le/lag¾ia bka i¾É ¨hsð ms/kafvf,da yßu nvq yhla iq.;md, o is,ajd

T*a weka ́ ;¾

o fm%dfmdai,a wekagka fpfldõ u.=,a m%ia;dj hQ'ta' .=Kfialr

tõßuka ̂ c¾uka-fcv¾uEka& yHqf.da f*dka fyd*a ukaia;d,a il, ck nkaOq, chj¾Ok

o uef¾Ê ksfld,dhs f.df.d,a lmqjd lfmda;s B'wd¾' irÉpkaø

ã'fÊ' úchr;ak

ta'mS' .=Kr;ak

rka f*da¾ hqj¾ jhs*a f¾ l=kS frdauh .sks .kS nkaOq, ú;dkf.a

fh¾ud .d¾Ishd f,da¾ld uQÿ mq;a;= .=Kfiak .,mam;a;s

.=â jquka T*a fiÜiqjdka n¾fgda,aÜ fn%yaÜ ys; fyd`o wïuKaä iq.;md, o is,ajd

w iaà%Ü ld¾ fkaïâ äih¾ fgkiS ú,shïia fjiauqyqKq Oïu cdf.dv

bla fkõgdb fidf*dla,Sia fnry`v nkaOq, chj¾Ok

o .a,dia fukdcß fgkis ú,shïia wyia ud,s.d fykaß chfiak

o fpß ́ ¾pd¾â wka;ka fpfldõ uyf.or rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s

o friafmlagn,a fm%diaááhqÜ fIdaka fmda,a idf;% iqn iekaoEjla v.a,ia isßj¾Ok

75

4'5'2'1 ̂ V&

iaj;ka;% kdgH

iaj;ka;% kdgH hkq kdgHlrejl= úiska ;udf.a w;a±lSï Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ndysr lD;swkqlrKfhka f;dr j rpkd lrkq ,nk kdgH hs' my; ±lafjkafka tn`ÿ iaj;ka;% kdgHlSmhls'

ft;sydisl l;d yd fn!oaO l;d fnfyúka wka;¾.; jQ kQ¾;sj,ska iuld,Sk iudch ms<sìUqfkd úKs' fuu W!k;dj imqrd,Su iòyd zàg¾Z kdgH ìysúh' tys mqfrda.dóka jQfha isßfiakúu,úr yd î'ta'ví,sõ' chudkak hs' Tjqka f.a lD;s fndfyda úg ks¾udKh jQfha iaj;ka;%kdgH jYfhks'

1925-1947 w;r ld,h àg¾ hq.h f,i ie,fla'

isßfiak úu,ùrf.a kdgH udhdÿkafka" u.af.du pd,s" isxy, ùrhd" ,xld hlaIKS"frdã fl,a," frdã fld,a,d" Y%S" úOqr" wïud" msáir fl,a,"iSfoaú

ñk¾jd kdgH fyj;a lvjqKq fmdfrdkaÿj" fmrf<k brKu" jerÿKq l=reudku"

î'ta'ví,sõ' chudkakf.a kdgH ie`.jqKq ms<s;=r" Wu;= úYajdih" lmá wdrlaIlhd" yÈisúksYaph" whsrdx.kS" jk,sh" iS;, kÈh" ljg wkaof¾

uypd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø nysk l,dj" mndj;S" ukfï" lodj<¨" r;a;rx" yia;sldka;uka;f¾" isxyndyq" tf,dj .sysx fuf,dj wdjd" uydidr" fj,a,jeyqï" talg ug yskd yskd" fmauf;da cdh;S fidaflda" f,dauyxi

fykaß chfiak cfka,h" l=fõKs" wmg mqf;a u.la kef;a

ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok kßnEkd" .cukamqj;" wdkkao cjksld" uOqr cjksld

iq.;md, o is,ajd fndaäxldrfhda" ;Ügq f.j,a" i; iy i;" ÿkak ÿkq .uqfõ"kkaÈ úid,

wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka wyiska jegqKq ñksiaiq" fÊ,¾ Wkakefya" le<Ks md,u"lmqgqfnda

n¾kdâ fIdaf.a zzms.aue,shkaZZ yd we,ka fÊ' ,¾k¾f.a zzuhs f*hd f,aä wdY%h lr.ksñkaiaj;ka;% kdgHhla f,i r`.±lajQjls'

pkaøfiak oikdhl f.a rka lò ûhs f*hd f,aä kdgH wkqj¾;khls'&

ihsuka kj.;af;a.u ia;%sh" mqiaf,davx" iqn iy hi

fla'î' fyar;a iqÿ lr,a" isßfnda ;Ügqj" udhdfoaù" kd. .=re<d" fodak l;sßkd"fojeks uyskao

fm%aurxð;a ;s,lr;ak jy,la ke;s f.hla

nkaOq, chj¾Ok f>daIl jia;=j" Èhfiak fkdmeñKSu" iaj¾Kud,s

rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s fudaor fuda," fï>" wx.drd .`. .,d niS'

^reishdkq cd;sl wef,lais w¾nqfidma f.a zzb¾l=Üia iafgdaßZZkï kdgHfha mßj¾;khls&'

76


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'6 ( Y%S ,xldfõ kdgH l,dfõ m%.ukhg odhl jQ kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd.kshs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd.ksuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • ch,;a ufkdar;ak" wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka iy .dñKS y;af;dgqfõ.uhk kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd.kshs'

• tu kdgHlrejka úúO l,d wxYhkays olajk m%ùK;ajh úuihs'• Tjqkaf.a kdgH ks¾udK kï lrhs'• Tjqkaf.a kdgH oDIaáh ms<snò j m%ldY lrhs'• Tjqka úiska kdgH l,dj wrNhd lrk ,o fiajh miihs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ch,;a ufkdar;ak" wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka" .dñKS y;af;dÜgqfõ.u hkkdgH Ys,amSkaf.a PdhdrEm" Tjqkaf.a kdgH ks¾udK msgm;a" Tjqkams<snò j ,shejqKq m;a;r i`.rd wdÈh ^Tjqkaf.a ks¾udKj, fldgiatlafldg idod .kakd ,o ixhqla; ;eáhla Ndú; l< yels kï b;djeo.;a h'& kdgH .S;'


mshjr 01 by; .=Kd;aul fhojqïj, iòyka fldg we;s odYHdOdr Ndú; lrñkach,;a ufkdar;ak" wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka iy .dñKS y;af;dÜgqfõ.uhk kdgHlrejka kdñl jYfhka y`ÿkajd foñka mdvug wj;S¾Kjkak'

mshjr 02 Wla; kdgHlrejka ;sfokdf.a ks¾udK ms<snò j isiqka iu. idlÉPdlrkak' tu idlÉPdfõ § Tjqka f.a kdgH oDIaáh yd kdgH l,dfõm%.ukh Wfoid Tjqka f.a iqúfYaI odhl;ajh ms<snò j lreKq biau;=jk wdldrfhka idlÉPdj fufyhjkak'

^1& zzf,vla ke;s f,fvlaZZ kdgHh ksIamdokh lrñka kdgH lafIa;%hgwj;S¾K jk wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka f,dalO¾ó idïm%odh m%Odk

jYfhka Ndú; lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ kdgH l,dfõ m%.ukhg odhljQ iqúfYaI kdgHlrejl= nj;a" mSä; mka;sfha ±fjk m%Yak fõÈldjgf.k wd fudyq ix.S;h kdgHhg w;HjYH u wx.hla fkdlr.;anj;a" foaYmd,kfha iajNdjh fudyqf.a kdgHj,ska m%Yak flfrknj;a" iudc úu¾Yk ld¾hfha § Tyqf.a ;shqKq ixjdo Ndú;húfYaIfhka jeo.;a jk nj;a fmkajd § Tyqf.a ks¾udK isiqkagy`ÿkajd fokak'

^2& ch,;a ufkdar;ak hkq foaYSh kdgH l,djg iqúi,a fufyjrlal< iïudk,dNS kdgHfõÈhl= nj;a" kdgH rplhl=" ksIamdolhl=fuka u rx.k Ys,amshl= jYfhka o iqúfYaI oialï olajk fudyqfydòu k¿jd iïudkfhka lsysm jrla u msÿï ,nd we;s nj;a"úúO w;ayod ne,Sï u.ska kdgH l,dfõ kj u.la fidhd .shufkdar;akhka ixialD;sl fooÍu yd fidaod md¿j .ek fuka utlsfklg fjkia jQ ,laIK iys; úúO f;audjka hgf;akdgHlrKfhys kshe¿Kq nj;a" meyeÈ,s lrñka Tyq f.a kdgHks¾udK isiqkag y`ÿkajd fokak'

77

^3& Y%S ,xldfõ ùÈ kdgHfha mqfrda.dñhd jYfhka ie,flk .dñKS

y;af;dÜgqfõ.u ùÈ kdgH fuka u bx.%Sis kdgH o ksIamdokh lr

we;s nj;a" 1970 oYlfha uq,a wjêfha § Y%S ,xldfõ ksYaÑ; jYfhka

ùÈ kdgH yuq jk w;r" 1974 fmdfidka fmdaod wkqrdOmqr ÿïßh

fõÈldfõ § fuu kdgHlrejd we;=¿ lKavdhu bÈßm;a l< ùÈ

kdgHh furg kdgH lafIa;%hg kj w;a±lSula jQ wdldrh;a"

m¾fhaIKd;aul kdgH ksIamdolhl= jQ fudyq kj rx. wdlD;shla

f.dv ke.Sug odhl jQ wdldrh;a" fudyqf.a zzújD; ùÈ kdgH

lKavdhuZZ úiska woyia m%ldY lsÍfï m%n, udOHhla f,i

fuka u ck;djd§ kdgH l,djla f,i ùÈ kdgH Ndú; flreKq

wdldrh;a" foaYmd,ksl" iudÔh yd wd¾Ól wxY fuu.ska ;shqKq

úfõpkhg ydiHhg yd Wmydihg ,la flreKq wdldrh;a ksoiqka

iys; j idlÉPd lrñka Tyqf.a ks¾udK isiqkag y`ÿkajdfokak'

mshjr 03 by; olajd we;s lreKq Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka iïmQ¾K mdvu wdjrKh

jk fia m%Yak iy ms<s;=re f.dv k.kak' ^w;sf¾l Woõ wxl 01

hgf;a ksoiqka imhd we;'& tajd fjk fjk u ldâm;aj, ,shkak'

mka;sfha isiqka A, B hkqfjka lKavdhï follg fnod m%Yak i`oyka

jk ldâm;a A lKavdhug;a" ms<s;=re i`oyka jk ldâm;a B

lKavdhug;a ,ndfokak'

A lKavdhu wik m%Yakhg ms<s;=r" B lKavdhu ish lÜg,fhka

f;dard Yío k.d lshjd tu m%Yakh yd ms<s;=r tla isiqjl= w;g m;a

lsÍug;a fï l%uhg m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re fidhd.;a miq tla

tla <uhd ;ud w; we;s m%Yakh yd ms<s;=re weiqßka jdlHhla ilia

fldg Yío k.d lshùug;a i,iajkak' w;sf¾l Woõ - wxl 02

hgf;a ksoiqka imhd we;& mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqkag tu jdlHh

,shd.ekSug Wmfoia fokak' ^fuu l%shdldrlu wjika jk úg

mdvug wod< igykla ilia ù" th isiqkaf.a igyka fmd;aj,

,sheù ;sìh hq;= h'&


• mdvfï § úia;r flreKq kdgHlrejka y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• Tjqkaf.a kdgH oDIaàka y`ÿkd .ekSu yd úia;r lsÍu'

• foaYSh kdgH l,dfõ m%.ukhg fuu kdgHfõ§kaf.ka ,enqKqodhl;ajh m%ldY lsÍu'

• fuu kdgHlrejkaf.a ks¾udK y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• fuu kdgHlrejka úúO l,d lafIa;%j, ±lajQ m%ùK;ajh

jgyd.ekSu'

78

w;sf¾l Woõ ( 01' A lKavdhu B lKavdhu

01 zzf,vla ke;s f,fvlaZZ wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka

kdgHh ksIamdokh lf<a ljfrla o@

02 wd¾'wd¾' iurfldakaf.a iqm%lg kdgH le<Ks md,u

lD;shla lshkak'

03 zz;, u, msms,dZZ kdgHh ldf.a ch,;a ufkdar;akf.a

lD;shla o@

02' ^w& zzf,vla ke;s f,fvlaZZ kdgHh wd¾'wd¾' iurfldakaf.a

ks¾udKhls'

^wd& zzle<Ks md,uZZ wd¾'wd¾' iufldakaf.a iqm%lg kdgHhls'

03' i' wd¾'wd¾' iurfldakaf.a lD;s

f,vla ke;s f,fvla

wyiska jegqKq ñksiaiq ̂ fuh 1971 jif¾ § iïudk 4 la Èkd

we;&

pß; folla" .ukla" bvu" le<Ks md,u" fÊ,¾ Wkakefya"

W;=f¾ rdyq," lmqgqfnda" ¥ú,s" rc l;dj

kdgH rplfhla" k¿jl= yd ksIamdolhl= f,i m%ùK;ajh

olajd we;'

ii' ch,;a ufkdar;ak

1974 r;= yeÜgldÍ

1990 ;, u, msms,d

1990 fidl%àia

1991 oaú;aj

1995 mq;% iud.u

fudaor fuda," fk¿ï fmdl=K" fï>" kd. .=re<d" Wlao`vq

.skak hk kdgHj,g o rx.kfhka odhl ù we;'

ch,;a ufkdar;akf.a kdgH ks¾udK lSmhla my; ±lafõ'

1980 uy.sßoU

1985 mq;% iud.u

1988 ;,u, msms,d

1993 wkaof¾,d

1996 .=re;rej

2001 f,dalh ;ks hdhla

foaYmd,k" ixialD;sl yd iudc ;;a;aj ú.%yh fudyqf.a

kdgH oDIaáh yd ne`§ mj;S'

ch,;a ufkdar;ak 25 jirla ;=< r`. mE N+ñld 50 la w;=ßka

f;dard.;a kdgH 8 la we;=<;a fldg ;=kajeks iSkqj

fuu kdgHj, rx.kh fjkqfjka

zzfyd`ou k¿jdZZ iïudk ,nd we;'

79

(Third Bell) kñka kdgH Wf<,la meje;a jQ w;r" tys § tlsfklg

fjkia N+ñld 8 la ksrEmKh l< whqre olakg ,eìKs'

ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zz;,u, msms,dZZ kdgHh ^rxnrKd&

rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s f.a zzfudaor fuda,ZZ kdgHh ^,shk uy;auhd&

ksu,a talkdhl f.a zzWlao`vq .skakZZ kdgHh ^ld¾ nyq¾mshd&

m%ikak ú;dkf.a f.a zzoaú;ajZZ ^wkaf;daksfhda fnreoa§&

fla'î' fyar;a f.a zzudhd foaùZZ kdgHh ûqo,d,s&

ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zzmq;% iud.uZZ kdgHh îrdmafkdõ&

iii' .dñKS y;af;dÜgqfõ.u

zzújD; ùÈ kdgH lKavdhuZZ úiska r`. olajk ,o ùÈ kdgH

lSmhla

1974 fndai;a ±lau" rc ±lau" fmda,su" ñksfyl=g t,a,s,d

uefrkak neß o@

1975 rElvfhda" f,dal wdydr iïfï,kh

1976 îc ±lau

1977 msx fmÜáh

1978 wms;a w`ÿkd .kak' rgla w`ÿkd .kak'

1979 TxÑ,a,dj" fjila ±lau" fÊiq ±lau" rfÜ ±lau

1984 W;=udfKda kej; meñfKa' .%eïud kej meñfKa

1985 rxl=l=f<da" m¾Iska l=re,a,d wmg tmd

1986 kqreiaik y`v

1987 fjkafoaish" msì§u

1988 t<ò" fudarkjd

1989 ukfï" Tnÿgqjd

1990 kS;sfha lkHdj

1991 lóih

1994 u,g u," úYaj úoHd, ±lau

jeäÿr lshùu iòyd

Y%S ,xldfõ kdgH W;aij b;sydih - 1990-2008

- kd,ka fukaÈia -

kdgH yd rx. l,dj ir, ú.%yhla - rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s

,xldfõ ùÈ kdgH l,dfõ wdrïNh yd úldYkh - 2006

- pkaÈ rK;=x. -

wdf,dalh hg yuqùu - .dñKS ch,;a

tÈßùr irÉpkaø kdgH hq.h - 1947-1997 fojk Nd.h

- r;akmd, o is,ajd - 1997

zzwNskhZZ i`.rd

80


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'7 ( Y%S ,xldfõ kdgH l,dfõ m%.ukhg odhl jQ rx. Ys,amSka ms<snò júuihs'4'7'1 r;akd ,d,kS chfldä4'7'2 kS,a w,ia4'7'3 ueKsfla w;a;kdhl4'7'4 ruHd jks.fialr4'7'5 §mdks is,ajd4'7'6 pdkaokS fifkúr;ak4'7'7 iqñkao isßfiak4'7'8 fykaß chfiak

l%shdldrlu ( zzrx.k Ys,amSka y`ÿkd.ksuqZZ'


b.ekqï m, ( • PdhdrEm weiqßka rx.k Ys,amSka y`ÿkd.kshs'• Tjqkaf.a rx.k l=Y,;d w.hhs'• Tjqka r`.mE kdgH kï lrhs'• Ñ;%mg iy rEmjdyskS udOHkays Tjqkaf.a rx.k odhl;ajh idlÉPd

lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( r;akd ,d,kS chfldä" ueKsfla w;a;kdhl" ruHd jks.fialr" §mdksis,ajd" pdkaokS fifkúr;ak" kS,a w,ia" iqñkao isßfiak" fykaßchfiak hk k¿-ks<shka f.a PdhdrEm' Tjqka r`. mE kdgH msgm;a"Tjqka ms<snò j ,shd we;s mqj;am;a" i`.rd wdÈh" kdgH ms<snò m%pdrl±kaùï' Tjqka f.a r`.mEï we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá' Tjqka ksrEmKh l<pß;j,g wod< kdgH .S;'


mshjr 01 by; .=Kd;aul fhojqïj, iòyka fldg we;s oDYHdOdr tlla fydalSmhla Ndú; lrñka"

r;akd ,d,kS chfldäkS,a w,iaueKsfla w;a;kdhlruHd jks.fialr§mdks is,ajdpdkaokS fifkúr;akiqñkao isßfiakfykaß chfiak hk rx.k Ys,amSka isiqkag y`ÿkajdfokak' ilia

lr.;a mqjrejl ̂fldgia mylg fnod& tu Ys,amSkaf.a PdhdrEm ròjñkamdvug msúfikak'

mshjr 02 by; iòyka rx.k Ys,amSka úiska r`.mdk ,o kdgH kï lrñkamqjrefõ Ys,amshd f.a PdhdrEmh ròjkq ,enQ fldgfia wod< kdgHfhaku iòyka lrkak' fï iòyd Tn úiska imhd.kq ,enQ .=Kd;aulfhojqï mßyrKh lrkak' ̂ w;sf¾l Woõ hgf;a o f;dr;=re ieflúkaolajd we;'&

81

Tjqka f.a rx.k l=Y,;d ms<snò j idlÉPd lrkak' Tjqka r``. mEpß;j,ska jvd;a ckm%sh jQ pß; ms<snò j isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

by; iòyka Ys,amSka f.a rx.kfhys iqúfYaI ,laIK ms<snò j isiqkagmeyeÈ,s lrkak'

Wla; Ys,amSka fõÈld kdgH lafIa;%fhys muKla fkd j iskudj"fg,s kdgH wd§ lafIa;%hkays o m%ùK;ajh olajk nj iòyka fldgtn`ÿ wjia:d" ks¾udK yd pß; ms<snò j idlÉPd lrkak'

fuu idlÉPdj isÿ jk w;r ta ta Ys,amSka iòyd fjka lrk ,ofldgfiys wod< lreK igyka lrkak' mdvu wjidk jk úg Tnúiska ilia lr.kq ,enQ mqjrefjys ta ta rx.k Ys,amshd ms<snò úia;rhlaf.dv ke.S we;'

mshjr 03 by; iòyka mqjrej wdY%fhka wod< Ys,amSka ms<snò úia;r ;u igykafmd;aj, ,shd.ekSug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'


• mdvfuys iòyka fldg we;s rx.k Ys,amSka y`ÿkd .ekSu'

• Tjqkaf.a rx.k l=Y,;d idlÉPd lsÍu'

• Tjqka r`. mE kdgH kï lsÍu'

• Tjqka f.a rx.kfhys iqúfYaI ,laIK ±laùu'

• kdgHlrejka ms<snò f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu'

mejreu ( 4'6 ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< kdgHlrejka yd

4'7 ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< rx.k Ys,amSkams<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a fldg fmd;a msxpla ilia lsÍug isiqkafufyhjkak' ^ta ta Ys,amSka f.a PdhdrEm" Tjqkaf.a rx.k wjia:d±lafjk PdhdrEm" Tjqka r`. mE jvd;a u is;a .kakdiq¿ kdgHj,ixjdo LKav iy .S; wdÈh we;=<;a fldg ks¾udKd;aul j fmd;ilia lsÍu iòyd isiqkag Wmfoia ,nd fokak'&

w;sf¾l Woõ ( jeäÿr lshùu iòyd

Y%S ,xldfõ kdgH W;aij b;sydih - 1990-2008 kd,ka fukaÈia

kdgH yd rx. l,dj - ir, ú.%yhla - rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s

,xldfõ ùÈ kdgH l,dfõ wdrïNh yd úldYkh - 2006- pkaÈ rK;=x.

wdf,dalh hg yuqùu - .dñKS ch,;a

tÈßùr irÉpkaø kdgH hq.h 1947-1997 fojk Nd.h- r;akmd, o is,ajd - 1997

zzwNskhZZ i`.rd

w;sf¾l lshùï ( 4'7'1 r;akd ,d,kS chfldä

nkaÿ, ú;dkf.a f.a zjekSisfha fjf<kaodZ kdgHfhka fõÈldjgmsúis r;akd ,d,kS chfldä rx.khg fuka u k¾;khg yd.dhkhg o tl fia oialï olajhs' wjqreÿ 10 la ;=< kdgH 25lgrx.kfhka odhl jQ weh thska N+ñld 07la tla fldg —wiQ tl - wkQ

82

tl˜ kñka kdgH Wf<,la ixúOdkh l< w;r" oYl ;=kl ld,hla;=< kdgH 50l muK r`. md ;sfí'

v.a,ia isßj¾Ok f.a ziqn iekaoEjlaZ ̂ ,Sid&" lms, l=udr ld,sx. f.azfk¨ï fmdl=KZ îs,aúhd&" uydpd¾h irÉpkaøhka f.a zfmauf;dacdh;S fidafldaZ îaj¾K ;s,ld& iy zukfïZ ûkfï l=ußh& fla’î’fyar;a f.a zudhd foaùZ ̂ ,laIaó&" ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a z;,u, msms,dZûfyaIsld& zwkaof¾,dZ ^wkaof¾j;S& iy z.=re;rejZ îx.S; .=rejßh&"Ys%hka; fukaäia f.a zj¾KZ ^frdaia& hk kdgHhkays fm%%laIlhdgwu;l fkdjk pß; weh úiska r`. md we;'

tfuka u WÈ; Y%S ,d,a f.a z;sßjdkd w;ßkaZ ̂ YHdu,S&" fla' î' fyar;a f.azudhd foaùZ ̂ ,laIaó&” ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zmq;% iud.uZ ̂kSkd&" hkkdgHj, rx.kh fjkqfjka úYsIag l=Y,;d iïudkh o" fidaumd,m;srf.a f.a z;=xuxi,Z" nkaÿ, ú;dkf.a f.a zfrdauh .sks .ksSZ iqkkaoo is,ajd f.a zmdrdðldZ iy Èjhsk idu kdgH Wf<f,a o fyd| uks<shg ysñ iïudkh Èkd .kq ,enqfõ weh úisks'

óg wu;r j fg,skdgH yd Ñ;%mg rdYshlg rx.kfhka odhl ù we;sr;akd ,d,kS .=jka úÿ,sfha <ud jev igykaj,g yd .=rel=,h" ,kafoaismqj;" rElv mexpd" .=jka úÿ,s r`.u`v, wd§ jev igykaj,g oodhl;ajh imhd we;'

4'7'2' kS,a w,ia

1971 § wyUq f,i fõÈld kdgHhg iïnkaO jk fudyq ohd jhukaf.a zwïuhs mq;hsZ fõÈld kdgHfhka m%isoaO fõÈldjg wj;S¾K úh'ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok f.a z.cuka mqj;Z ^fcdaka fvdhs,s&" uydpd¾hirÉpkaøhka f.a zfjiaika;rZ ̂ i| uy rcq&" wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka f.azle,Ks md,uZ ^pqÜfg whahd&" rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s f.a zfudaor fuda,Z^,laodi&" O¾uisß nKavdrkdhl f.a zOj, NSIKZ ̂ fIdaka& iy zfg%dackaldka;dfjdaZ ^fmdihsvia&" ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zwkaof¾,dZ^ms<su;,õfõ&" fla'î' fyar;a f.a zfojeks uyskao Z ^yh jeks w.afnda&wd§ kdgH rdYshlg Tyq rx.kfhka odhl ù we;'

óg wu;r j rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s f.a zysre ke;s f,djZ" zwx.drd .`..,dniSZ" zwd`ä /f,a wïn,uZ" wd¾' wd¾' iurfldaka f.a zbvuZ" zwyiskajegqKq ñksiaiqZ" zfÊ,¾ WkakefyaZ" ÆIka nq,;aisxy, f.a z;drdfjdab.sf<;sZ" fyauisß ,shkf.a f.a zkßhd iy flacqZ" wdßhr;ak ú;dkf.af.a zisl=re hqoafoaZ" zf;,a foda;laZ" ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zuy.sßoUZ"iqika; ú;dkf.a f.a zwúZ" wð;a ðkodi f.a zhd;%dZ" fla'î' fyar;a f.azfjiaZ hk kgHj, o kS,a w,ia pß; ksrEmKh fldg ;sfí' olaIrx.k Ys,amshl= jQ fudyq fõÈld kdgHj,g wu;r j" fg,s kdgH ydÑ;%mg k¿jl= f,i o fm%alaIl wjOdkhg Èkd .;af;ls'

4'7'3 ueKsfla w;akkdhl

wd¾' wd¾' iurfldaka f.a zle,Ks md,uZ fõÈld kdgHfha zrEmj;SZf.a pß;hg mK fmdjñka fm%alaIl wjOdkh Èkd.;a ueKsflaw;a;kdhl fõÈld kdgH rdYshl pß; ksrEmKh l< olaI rx.kYs,amskshls'

83

uydpd¾h irÉpkaøhka f.a zf,dauyxiZ ohdkkao .=Kj¾Ok f.a zuOqr cjksldZmqKHfidau .=Kisxy f.a zÈla;, ld,f.da,Z" rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s f.a zfudaorfuda,Z" wð;a fukaäia f.a zksYaYío fjkqZ wd§ kdgHj,g weh rx.k odhl;ajholajd we;' fõÈld kdgHhg wu;r j úfYaIfhka u fg,s kdgH ks<shl f,io" Ñ;%mg ks<shl f,i o weh fm%laIl m%idoh Èkd f.k isáhs'

4'7'4' ruHd jks.fialr

wd¾'wd¾' iurfldaka f.a zle,Ks md,uZ fõÈld kdgHfha zueá,avdZ f.apß;hg 1978 isg wjqreÿ 35lg jeä ld,hla mK foñka fm%laIlhka f.a is;a;=< fkdueflk pß;hla njg m;a j isáhs' z,sysKsZ kdgHfha weh úiskaksrEmKh lrk ,o zfud,SZ f.a pß;h fjkqfjka 1995 j¾Ifha rdcH kdgHWf<f,a § fyd| u iydh ks<shg ysñ iïudkh weh úiska Èkd .kakd ,§'fõÈld kdgH fuka u fg,s kdgHj,g yd Ñ;%mgj,g o weh rx.kfhkaodhl ù we;'

4'7'5 §mdks is,ajd

ùÈ kdgH Ys,amskshla jYfhka kdgH lafIa;%hg wj;S¾K jQ §mdks is,ajd".dñKS y;af;dÜgqfõ.u f.a zújD; ùÈ kdgHZ lKavdhfï m%ùK rx.kYs,amskshls' §¾> ld,hl isg tu ùÈ kdgH lKavdhug iïnkaO fjñkarx.kfhys fhfok weh zùÈ /ðksZ f,i úreodj,S ,nd we;' újD; ùÈ kdgHlKavdhu úiska r`. olajk ,o ùÈ kdgH ish,a,g u mdfya weh rx.kodhl;ajh ,nd § we;'

4'6'3 .dñKS y;af;dÜgqfj.u yd iïnkaO ls%hdldrlfuys w;sf¾l Woõ hgf;a§ we;s ùÈ kdgH kdu f,aLkh ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' óg wu;rj §mdks is,ajd rx.k Ys,amsksh fg,s kdgH yd Ñ;%mg úYd, ixLHdjlg ishrx.k odhl;ajh ,nd § we;'

4'7'6 pdkaokS fifkúr;ak

fõÈldj iskudj fuka u fg,s kdgHj, o pß; ksrEmKh lrñka fm%laIlwjOdkh Èkd .;a l=Y,;d mQ¾K rx.k Ys,amskshl f,i pdkaokS fifkúr;akye¢kaúh yelsh' fidau,;d iqnisxy f.a zúlD;sZ kdgHfha zys,avdZ f,i o"iqkkao ufyakaø f.a zfidl%àiaZ kdgHfha zfidl%àia f.a ìßhZ f,i o úfYaIrx.k l=Y,;d oelajQ weh" ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zmq;% iud.uZ" zjfrka;=Ziy zje,kaghska tklkaZ hk kdgHj,g o odhl;ajh ,nd § we;' weh úiskar`.mdk ,o fg,s kdgH rdYshls' tfuka u Ñ;%mg ks<shla f,i o wehfm%alaIl wjOdkh Èkd f.k we;'

4'7'7 iqñkao isßfiak

fudyq fõÈld rx.khg fuka u fg,s kdgH yd Ñ;%mgj, r`. mEug o tl fiaoialï oela jQ m%ùK rx.k Ys,amsfhls'

nkaÿ, ú;dkf.a f.a zfrdauh .sks .kSZ kdgHfha rx.kh fjkqfjka zfyd|u k¿jdg ysñ iïudkhZ o" ch,;a ufkdar;ak f.a zwkaof¾,dZ iy rxð;aO¾ulS¾;s f.a zfï>Z kdgHfha rx.kh fjkqfjka zfyd| u iydh k¿jdgysñ iïudkhZ o iqñkao isßfiak ysñ lr f.k we;' Bg wu;r j" Nj lv;=rd"ómqr jeisfhda" liamd" .=re;rej hk fõÈld kdgH iy ;j;a kdgHfndfydajlg fuu rx.k Ys,amshd odhl ù ;sfí'

fg,s kdgH rx.k Ys,amshl= fuka u Ñ;%mg k¿jl= jYfhka o Tyq by<ckms%h;ajhla ysñ lr f.k we;'

84


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'8 ( ixialD;sl yd idudðl jákdlï iys; f;aud /.;a kdgHuh wjia:dks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( zzwfma lu fidhdhuqZZ'


b.ekqï m, ( • úúO ckj¾.j,g yd wd.ïj,g wdfõKsl W;aij wjia:d kïlrhs'

• tu wjia:djkag wod< iqúfYaI ixialD;sl ,laIK úuihs'• tu W;aij wjia:d kdgHdkqidrfhka bÈßm;a lrhs'• úúO pß; m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'• ixialD;sl iyfhda.s;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'• úúO ixialD;sl yr moaO;s wfkHdakH jYfhka w.h lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( isxy, - yskaÿ wjqreoao yd iïnkaO .S;" lú" tu W;aij o¾Yk iys;ixhqla; ;eá" k;a;,a W;aijh yd iïnkaO .S; iy o¾Yk - rduidkaW;aijh ms<sn`o f;dr;=re jd¾;d


mshjr 01 ixhqla; ;eáhla Wmfhda.s lr.ksñka fyda wjqreÿ $ k;a;,a $ rduidkaW;aij wjia:djlg wod< o¾Yk isiqkag keröug i,iajkak' fkdtfiakï" tu W;aij yd iïnkaO .S;hla isiqka iu. .dhkd lrñka mdvugmsúfikak'

WodyrK ( weú,a, weú,a,d - isxy, wjqreoao weú,a,djfr,a, jfr,a,d - je,af, mÈuq rx TxÑ,a,d

tu .S;fhka lshefjk isxy, yskaÿ w¨;a wjqreoao yd iïnkaO jkixialD;sl wx. idlÉPd lrkak' ^wdydr ixialD;sh" lejqï" lsßn;awdÈh' ckl%Svd" rnka .eiSu" TxÑ,a,d me§u wdÈh" fo.=reka keu§ï wd§idrO¾u&

mshjr 02 Y%S ,xldfõ úúO cd;Ska úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk ixialD;sl W;aijms<sn`o j isiqka yd idlÉPd lrkak' isxy, yd fou< ckhd isxy,-yskaÿ w¨;a wjqreÿ Wf<, o" ls;=kqjka k;a;,a Wf<, o" bia,dïNla;slhka rduidka Wf<, o by<ska mj;ajk wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'tu ish¨ W;aijj, § ta ta ck j¾.hg wdfõKsl ixialD;sl ,laIKbiau;= jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' tu ixialD;sl l%shdldrlïwe;=<;a ie,eiaula ilia lrkak'

mshjr 03 Wla; ie,eiau yd idlÉPdj wdY%fhka kdgHuh wkqN+;shla biau;=lr.kak' tu ck j¾. fjka fjka fldgia fkd j tl u Y%S ,dxlslcd;sfha wjhjhka nj jegfyk wdldrfhka lghq;= lrkak' ta taixialD;sldx.j,g wfkHdakH jYfhka .re lsÍfï hym;a ms<sfj;fmr±ß lr.ksñka kdgHuh ixisoaêh f.dv k.d .ekSug Wmfoiafokak'

;ud úiska ú`Èkq ,enQ wjia:d yd olsk ,o pß; m%;sks¾udKh lrñkatn`ÿ ixisoaêhla kdgHdldrfhka $ kdgHdkqidrfhka bÈßm;a lrkak'

85


• úúO ckj¾.j,g yd wd.ïj,g wh;a W;aij wjia:d kï lsÍu'

• ta yd iïnkaO ixialD;sldx. y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• pß; m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu'

• ixialD;sl iyfhda.s;dj m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

• ixialD;sl W;aij kdgHdkqidrfhka bÈßm;a lsÍu'

mejreu ( úoHd,hSh jdrdjidk $ j¾Idjidk m%ix.fha § r`. ±laùu wruqKq

fldg" ixialD;sl yd idudðl jákdlï iys; kdgH fm<la rpkdlrkak'

86

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( kdgHuh wjia:d fi!kao¾hd;aul j úò.ekSu yd udkjys;jdÈhl=f,i iudc.;ùfï yelshdj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( ks¾ÈIag fm< fyda fjk;a fm<la ksIamdokhla f,i ri ú`Èhs'

l%shdldrlu ( úlD;s kdgHh wOHhkh lsÍu'


b.ekqï m, ( • úlD;s kdgHh ksIamdokh ri ú`Èhs'• úlD;s kdgHfha is;a.;a .S; .hhs'• úlD;s kdgHfha tk k¾;k l%shdldrlï wkqlrKh lrhs'• fhdjqka .eg¨ y`ÿkd.kshs'• fhdjqka .eg¨ jia;= úIh lr.;a kdgH fm< rpkh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( zzúlD;s kdgH fm<ZZzzúlD;sZZ kdgH iys; ixhqla; ;eá


mshjr 01 úlD;s kdgH fm< mßYS,khg isiqkag wjia:dj ,ndfoñka fyda kdgHhkeröug wjia:dj i,idfoñka mdvug m%fõY úh yels h'

mshjr 02 my; iòyka lreKq we;=<;a j idlÉPdjla fufyhjñka zzúlD;sZZkdgHh mßYS,kh lrkakg isiqkag u. fmkajkak'

• fidau,;d iqnisxy fh!jk m%Yak w<,d ks¾udKh l< kdgHhls'

• iudchSh yd wd¾Ól fjki iu. wOHdmksl rduqj ±ä úm¾hdihkagNdckh jQ iuhl orejka f.a wfmalaId yd jeäysáhka f.a wfmalaIdw;r we;s jk .egqu yd wjidkfha Tjqfkdjqka f.a Ôú;j,fÄojdplh zzúlD;sZZ kdgHfha meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• rfÜ l=uk iudc mx;shlg wh;a jqj o m%shx.kS" c.;a yd irKmd,hk pß; ;%s;ajh fuu w¾nqohg uqyqK fok wdldrh kdgHh ;=<ukd f,i ksrEmKh lr we;'

• újD; wd¾Ólh fya;= fldg f.k iudch;a" mjq,;a w;r isÿ jkakdjQ fjkialïj, yrialvla zzúlD;sZZ kdgHfhka m%ldYs; h' ;reKmrmqr mokï lrf.k ks¾udKh jqj;a th b,lal .; ù ;sfnkafkaiuia; jeäysá mrmqr;a" ;Skaÿ ;SrK f.k tajd l%shd;aul lrjkmßila wruqKq lrf.k h'

Tjqfkdjqka f.a jerÈ l<ukdlrKh yd m%;sm;a;s ;Skaÿ uq¿ uy;aiudchla Wvqhál=re lrk w;r" wjidkfha th m,la ke;sfjfyilr ld¾hhla muKla nj èjks; lrjhs'

• j¾;udk iudc m%jK;d foi újD; oDIaáhlska hq;= j n,ñka" 80oYlfha f,dj mqrd jHdma; jQ fmdma ix.S; ßoauhka yd k¾;kwdNdih ,nñka foaYSh;ajhg WÑ; mßÈ jvd is;a.kakd ßoauhlaiy rx. úkHdihla ±lsh yels h'

• m<uq rx.h werfUkafka ngysr ßoauh uq,alr.;a ix.S; LKavhlsks'B<`. mshjf¾ § my;rg hla fnrh uQ,sl lr.;a wjir .ekSfïheÿulg wj;S¾K fjhs' my;rg kegqïj, we;s yev;, f.krx.kh yd ix.S;h ilia lr.;a wdldrh my; iòyka ksoiqfkkameyeÈ,s fjhs'

87

zzáhqIka '''''''''''' áhqIka

áhqIka '''''''''''' msfhda ''''''''' áhqIka nfhda

flfuiaá% '''''''''''' *sislaiaZZ

• yqÿ úNd. ch.%yKh ,nd .ekSfï wruqKska ;u ¥ orejka fufyhjkiajrEmh áhqIka kegqu yd hlaI kegqu u.ska bÈßm;a lr we;'

• zzúlD;sZZ iòyd miq;, yd we`ÿï ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa ir;aiQ¾fiakhka úisks' fuu miq;, fõÈldfõ ks¾udKh lrk wjia:djw¾:j;a lsÍug Wmfhda.S lrf.k we;'

• zzwfma orefjda ú;rla fï ;r.h Èk,d uÈ' Wkaf. orefjda" taorejkaf.a orefjda" ys;, n,kak ys,avd fï ;r.h W;aikak fjkfldgZZ zzfï yefuda u lrk foafk uu;a lrkafkaZZ

fujka fonia u.ska rislhkag is;kakg hula b;sß lr we;'

• kdgHdjidkfha tk fï wdhdpkd;aul .S; LKavh iuia;kdgHfha u uqLH f;audj fy<sorõ lrhs'

zzlEug îug" we`ÿu me<`ÿugf.hg fodrg" hdk jdykhg;r.hla ke;s f,djla<`.d lr fokak ''''''.=reks fo.=reks wmgZZ

mshjr 03 isiqka lKavdhï lr" my; ±lafjk ud;Dld Tiafia idlÉPd lsÍugwjia:dj foñka w.h lrkak'

• kdgHuh wjia:d úldYkh lsÍfuys ,d ys,avdf.a pß;h l%shd;auljk wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'

• kdgHfhka ms<sìUq jk m%shx.kS f.a olaI;d yqjdolajkak'

• m%shx.kS f.a udkisl iajNdjh l%ufhka fjkiajk wdldrh idlÉPdlrkak'

• irKmd, kï jQ mshd f.a N+ñldj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• kdgHfha miq;, Ndú;h ms<snò idlÉPd lrkak'


• kdgHfha .S; .dhkh lsÍu'

• k¾;k wjia:djla wkqlrKh lsÍu'

• m%shx.kS f.a olaI;d yqjd±laùu'

• ys,avd f.a N+ñldj úia;r lsÍu'

• miq;, Ndú;h ms<snò woyia ±laùu'

mejreu ( úlD;s kdgHh ;=< Tn olsk iudc ms<sìUqj ú.%y lrkak hk uefhka

rpkhla lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( úlD;s kdgHh úpdr ,sms

88

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( kdgHuh wjia:d fi!kao¾hd;aul j úò.ekSu yd udkjys;jdÈhl=f,i iudc.;ùfï yelshdj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ( kdgH fm< iuia;hla jYfhka we.hSug ,la lsÍu'

l%shdldrlu ( úlD;s kdgHh yd tys kdgH oDIaáh úuiuq'


b.ekqï m, ( • fh!jk kdgH ixl,amh y`ÿkajhs'• úlD;s kdgH ks¾udKh lSÍug n,mE iudc miqìu y`ÿkd.kshs'• kdgH f;audj iy oDIaáh jgyd .kshs'• pß; yd wjia:d u.ska kdgHfha .egqï l=`M.kajk whqre úuihs'• kdgH f;audj yd oDIaáh ;Sj% lrk whqßka rx.kh yd wdkqIx.sl

l,djka fhdod.ekSu ms<snò úuihs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( kdgH fm<" fmrjok iy tys wdrïNfha we;s fh!jk kdgH ydúlD;s ms<snò flá újrKh" kdgHfha ùäfhda mghla" kdgHfha PdhdrEm


mshjr 01 úlD;s kdgH msgm; fmkajñka fyda úäfhda mghla u.ska kdgHfhaPdhdrEm fmkajñka mdvug m%úIag ùu' úlD;s hkq fh!jk kdgHhlanj fmkajd§u' úlD;s kdgHfha msgmf;ys we;=<;a fh!jkhd hkqljf¾ o@ hk rpkh Tjqka iu`. lshjd th idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 02 • úlD;s kdgHfhka m%ldY jk f;audj yd oDIaáh jgyd§u" uq,ska uúlD;s l:d mqj; ms<snò j idlÉPd lrkak' tu l:d mqj; ;=<ska

m%ldY jk f;audj ms<sno j wjfndaOhla ,ndfokak' kq;k ;r`.ldßwOHdmk l%uh yuqfõ ìò jefgk fh!jk;ajfha fLocklh fuysf;audj nj fmkajdfokak' m%shx.kSg ord.ekSug fkdyels iywehg reÑ fkdjk wOHhk udj;lg foudmshkaf.a n,mEu u;wehg fhduq ùug isÿ jk nj fmkajdfokak' m%shx.ks muKlafkd j irKmd," c.;a jeks fiiq pß; u.ska o fï woyi m%ldYjk nj fmkajdfokak'

• kdgHlrejdf.a uq,sl oDIaáh jkafka újD; wd¾Ólh fya;=fldgf.k 80 oYlfhka miqj Y%s ,xldfõ iudch;a" mjq,;a w;rissÿ jkakd jq >Ügkh fm%alaI; wjOdkhg md;% lsÍuhs' tfuka ukQ;k ,dxlsl jeäysá mrmqf¾ wfmalaIdjka iy n,dfmdfrd;a;=njg m;a ù we;af;a wiSñ; fN!;sl iïm;aj,ska msreKq úúO ;dkakudkakj,ska hq;a ðú;hka ;u orejkag ,nd§u nj fmkajd fokak'

• uOHu mdka;sl mssßia ;u wruqKq bgq lr.ekSfï § úúO ñ:Hdjkagmjd fm<fUk whqre fmkajdfokak'

• ±ä f,i jdKsclrKh jQ iudchl hym;a mqreId¾:hka úkdY ùhk nj fmkajd§u kdgHlrejdf.a oDIaáh fõ'

mshjr 03 • kdgHfha pß; ksrEmKh iy wjia:d ksremKh ms<sno j wjfndaOhfhduq lrjkak' ms%hx.kS f.a pß;h iy ys,avd f.a pß;h m%OdkjYfhka u jvd;a m%n, j ksremKh ù ;sîu' kdgHfha .egqïwjia:d f.dv ke.Sfï § fuu pß; fol m%Odk ùu' ys,avd f.a

89

isyskh m%shx.kS f.a Ôú;h fÄojdplhla ùug fya;= jk njfmkajd fokak' mshd f.a pß;fhka m%Yak .eg¨ foi ueoy;ais;ska n,k wdldrhg ksremKh ùu' wfkl=;a prs; m%shx.kS iyys,avd iu`. ne`ÿKq l%shdldß;ajh l=¿ .ekaùug n,mdk whqßkaksremKh ù ;sîu'

Wod iïm;a" iqis,d" á%lais

• wjia:d ksrEmKhka /ila kdgH ;=< we;s w;r tajd ;=<ska wOHdmkslmSvkh" fh!jk;ajh jgyd fkd.ekSu" n,y;aldrh" hk wdÈhúoHudk lrhs ' c.;a" irKmd, wjia:dj" m%shx.kS f.a kegqï mx;skj;d weh oeä f,i b.ekqï l%shdj,shg fhduq lsÍu áhqIka ,nd§fïwjia:d ksremKh iy wjidkfha újdyh iòyd iajfoaY yd úfoaYmeñfKk wjia:d'

mshjr 04 fuys rx. ffY,sh f.dv ke.S we;s whqre o idlÉPd lrkak' kdgHfhyswjia:d ksremKhla /ila oelsh yels nj tu wjia:d ksrEmKhkayspß; yd l%shd ksrEmKh fndfyda fihska u f,dalO¾ñ iajNdjhla.kakd w;r u we;eï wjia:dj, § kdgHO¾ó ,laIKh o fõ' kdgHfhawdrïNh;a we;eï o¾Ykj, § úúO .S; iy k¾;kuh fldgiafhdod.ekSula o mj;sk nj fmkajdfokak' kdgH rx.kh f.dvkef.kafka n¾fgda,aÜ fn%yaÜ f.a rx. ffY,sfhys hï hï wx.,laIKj, wdNdihla ,nñka nj fmkajdfokak' fõÈld miq;, wjuùu iy ixfla; fhdod.ekSSu" flá o¾Yk laIKsl j fjkia ùu" thk¿-ks<s rx.khka muKla yqjd ±laùu" woyia m%ldYkh iòyd .S;iy k¾;kh fhdod.ekSu jeks wjia:d fmkajdfokak'

• wdkqIx.sl wx. Ndú;fha § ix.S;h" k¾;kh" ixfla;d;aul miq;,fldgia fhdod.ekSu rx.df,dalh Ndú;h ;=<ska wjia:d ;Sõr lrñkaujd mEu o isÿ lrk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'


• fh!jk kdgH hkq l=ula oe hs úia;r lrhs'

• úlD;s kdgHfha m%Odk f;audj iy w;=re f;audjka úia;r lrhs'

• úlD;s kdgHfha oDIaáh y`ÿkd.kshs'

• pß; ksrEmKfha iajNdjh úia;r lrhs'

• wdkqIx.sl wx. Ndú;fha iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

mejreu ( j¾;udk isiq wOHdmk .eg¨ lsysmhla kï lrjd tu .eg¨ yd úlD;s

kdgHfha tk .eg¨ iiòñka j.=jla ilia lrkak'

90

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( kdgHuh wjia:d fi!kao¾hd;aul j úò.ekSu yd udkj ys;jdÈhl=f,i iudc.; ùfï yelshdj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ( kdgH ks¾udKh iuia;hla jYfhka we.hSug ,la lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( kdgH ks¾udKh iuia;hla jYfhka f.k úpdrh lsÍu'


b.ekqï m, ( • úlD;s kdgHfhka m%ldYs; f;audj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• kdgH rpkfha m%n,;d iy ÿn,;d olajhs'

• kdgHfha rx. ffY,sfha iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• NdId yd úkh yd rxf.daÑ; nj úia;r lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( úlD;s kdgHfm<" kdgHfha Pdhdrem fyda úäfhda mghla


mshjr 01 úlD;s kdgH msgm;" PdhdrEmhla fyda úäfhda mgh Ndú;d lrñkamdvu iòyd msúish yels h'

úlD;s kdgHfha l:d mqj; iy thska m%ldYs; woyi ms<snò j isiqkaiu. idlÉPd lrkak' úlD;s kdgH ;=<ska kQ;k ;r.ldß iudcfhawOHdmkfha iajNdjh iy tu wOHdmkh fndfyda fh!jkshka f.aÔú; fÄojdplhla njg m;a lr we;s whqre m%ldY lrjk nj m%shx.ks"c.;a" irKmd, hk pß; wdY%fhka fmkajdfok nj m%ldY lrkak'

tfia u zzúlD;sZZ ;=<ska fndfyda foudmshka ;u wfmalaIdjka bgqlr.ekSu iòyd ;u orejka ì,a,g fok whqre o újD; wd¾Ólh;a

iu. wiSñ; fN!;sl iïm;aj,ska msreKq úúO ;dkak udkakj,skamsreKq Ôú;hka flfrys iudch fhduq ù we;s whqre o kdgH ;=<skam%ldY jk nj fmkajdfokak'

mshjr 02 mshjr 01 ka iòyka l< wruqKq bgq lr.ekSu iòyd kdgHlre kdgHfm< iy rx.h f.dv k.df.k we;s whqre fmkajdfokak' l;djj¾;udk uOHu mdka;sl mjq,la flakaølr .ksñka flá wjia:dksrEmKhka /ilska hqla; j fm< rpkd lr we;s whqre fmkajdfokak'wOHdmksl l%shdj,sfha we;s úlD;s;dj fmkaùu iòyd kdgHhg .S;fldgia o fhdodf.k we;s nj fmkajdfokak' tfia u kdgHh ;=<Ydia;%lre f.a wjia:dj" áhqIka fmd< jeks wjia:dj,ska o kQ;kiudÔh iajNdjhka bÈßm;a lrk whqre idlÉPd lrkak'

ksoyia rx. l%uhla Ndú;d lr ;sfnk nj;a" miq;, wju" ia:dkShfjkialï jpkj,ska fyda fndaâ tlla fmkakqï lrk iajdNdúlixjdo iy p,k;a ;¾ldkql+, p,k yd ;d,dkql+, ixjdo .S;.dhkhka hk ish,a, iïñY%s; j fhdod.ksñka rx.h f.dv k.d;sfnk nj;a fmkajd fokak'

• ix.S;h iy k¾;kh fhdod.ekSu ;=<ska kdgH rx.kh ;=< we;staldldß;ajh u`. yrjdf.k we;s nj fmkajdfokak'

• we`ÿï" me,`ÿï" wx. rpkh" idudkH iajNdjhla .kakd w;r miq;,Ndú;h o ta ta wjia:d ixfla;d;aul j ±laùug fhdodf.k we;s whqrefmkajdfokak'

91

mshjr 03 úlD;s kdgH fmf<ys ±lsh yels idOkSh ,laIK fuka u ksfYaOkSh,laIK o fmkajdfokak'

• kdgH rpkhla jYfhka .;a úg tys ÿ¾j,;d mj;sk nj WodyrKflá o¾Yk /ila fhdod .ekSu ;=<ska kdgHuh tal;ajh ì`§ hEu'flakaøSh l;d mqj;g t;rï u wod< ke;s wjia:d ksrEmKhkamej;Su'iajdNdúl ixjdo iy l%shd ksrEmK wjia:djka tl jr uk¾;k iy ix.S;uh ksrEmKhka njg m;a lsÍu jeks wx.hkafmkajdfokak'

• úlD;s kdgH kQ;k wOHdmk l%uh .ek ,shejqKq úYsIag;uh iajNdjhla.;a ksrEmKhla fia mej;Su'

• kdgH ikao¾Nh yd fkd.e<fmk whqßka Ydia;%lre" áhqIka fmd<jeks tajd bÈßm;a lsÍu'

• ixjdo iy wjia:d ksrEmKh .;a úg o kdfgHdaÑ; Ndjh fndfydafihska ÿ¾j, j mej;Su'

• wjqreÿ 7 lg miqj 10 jk o¾Ykh bÈßm;a ùu' kdgHuh Ndjh ySklrkq ,enQ o¾Ykhla ùu hk ÿ¾j,;d fuu kdgH ;=< mj;sk njfmkajd fokak'

mshjr 04 pß; yelshd ksrEmKh ;=<ska mqoa., iajNdjhka t<sorõ ùug bv yßkjdfjkqjg iDcq j pß; ;u iajNdjhka .ek m%ldY lrk ixjdo LKavfh§u ksid o kdgH rih ySk jk nj fmkajdfokak'

• ys,avd f.a pß;h" m%shx.kS f.a pß;h jeks pß; .;a úg o tajd;¾ldkql+, Ndjfhka bÈßm;a lsÍu uekúka isÿ ù ke;s whqrefmkajdfokak'

• iuia;hla jYfhka úlD;s kdgH ;=< fh!jk mrmqrg;a" jeäysámrmqrg;a jeo.;a jk lreKq wvx.= kdgHhla jkjd fia u kQ;kmßfNdack iudchl ñksia is;=ï me;=ï l%shdldß;ajfha iajNdjhfmkakqï lrk kdgHhla f,i ye`Èkaúh yels nj fmkajdfokak'tfia kdgH rpkhla jYfhka o pß; f.dv kexùu ;=<ska o m%ia;+;hjd¾;d lrk wdldrhg isoaê .<md ;sîu o fuys lemSfmfkk ÿ¾j,;dnj;a fmkajdfokak'

• iuia;hla f,i kdgHhla ri ú`§fï § fm%alaIlhdg tys we;s Wiiaks¾udKd;aul ,laIK fuka u ÿ¾j,;d o y`ÿkd.ksñka th jgyd.ekSujeo.;a nj fmkajdfokak'


• úlD;s kdgHkays m%ldY jk woyia úia;r lsÍu'

• úlD;s kdgH kQ;k iudch yd ixikaokh lsÍu'

• úlD;s kdgH ;=< ±lsh yels ÿ¾j,;d m%ldY lsÍu'

• úlD;s kdgHfha rx. ffY,sh ms<snò j lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu'

• kdgHHla ms<snò j iuia;h ú.%y lsÍu'

mejreu ( úlD;s kdgH ms<snò j mqj;a m;lg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqÿiq úpdrd;aul

rpkhla ,shkak'

w;sf¾l Woõ ( wNskh 10 l,dmh

m%ldYh - ixialD;sl lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=j

92

úúO iydh

jhs' tï' tï fla' hdmd uy;añhiyldr wOHdmk wOHlaIm<d;a wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - uykqjr

c.;a moauisß uhdlÓldpd¾hfi!kao¾h úYaj úµd,h

pdñl y;a,yj;a; uhd.=re WmfoaYlms<shkao, l,dmh

risl m%ix. nKavdr uhd.=re fiajhiaj¾K chka;s úµd,h" lE.,a,

ckld Nødx.kS ñh.=re fiajhksjka;lfÉ;sh úµd,h"wkqrdOmqr

l=udß tÈßisxy ñh.=re fiajhY=oaO jQ mjqf,a lkHdrduh" l=reKE.,

r;akd ,d,kS chfldä ñh.=re fiajhrdclSh úµd,h"fld<U

Wÿ,d r;akdhl ñh.=re fiajhfmdruvq,a, cd;sl mdi,"fmdruvq,a,

mß.Kl fufyhqï ( ví,sõ' tï' Oïñld ñhuqøKd,h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iydh ( B' tï' úl%ukdhl ñhfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

fla' mS' fmf¾rd uhdfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

kdgh yd rx. l,dj - nie.lk

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