Kanishka Project Presentation8 November 2012

ken.hansen@dal.ca, 902-494-6444

A Pleasant Day on the Water?On-water security gaps and

public perception of counter-terrorism

Halifax MARINE RESEARCH Institute

Image: http://gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/Tourism/archives.jpg (1961)

CanadaLongest coastline#8 (>#5) EEZover 31,750 lakes

Nova Scotia130 rivers8 drainage areasover 1500 lakes

Public Perception of Terrorism

Recent Swarming Attacks• Capture of 15 RN-RM personnel from HMS

Cornwall by Iranian Republican Guard Corps Naval motor gunboats in the Straits of Hormuz on 15 March 2007;

• 11 terror attacks in Mumbai on 26-29 November 2008;

• Terror attack against Mehran Naval Air Station at Karachi on 22 May 2011; and

• Taliban attack against Intercontinental Hotel in Kabul on 28 June 2011.

Analysis of Swarming

Time

Dis

pers

ion

300 BC 1900 AD

Massed or ‘Cloud’ Swarms

Dispersed or ‘Vapour’ Swarms

Radio

Command& Control

Source: Sean Edwards, Swarming & the Future of Warfare, Rand, 2004.

Maritime vs Land Security Concepts

• Mobile• Circular• Terrain Independent• Extend Ranges to

increase reaction times

• Static• Linear• Terrain Dependant• Limit Pathways

& Entry Points

Image: Halifax Herald News Tim Krochak, Staff.

Building Security Perimeters: ‘Floating Fence’ at HMC Dockyard, Halifax

$3.5M to build & install, $1.5M to clean, $3.0M to repair since 2007.

Source: http://lightbox.time.com/2012/10/17/peter-van-agtmael-receives-the-2012-w-eugene-smith-grant-in-humanistic-photography/#ixzz29wcpeXsR

“Indian Border Security Force Officers patrol the picturesque Dal Lake near Srinagar in Indian-held Kashmir. Once a tourist hotspot, the only visitors now are Indian soldiers.”

Images: http://www.jtf2-foi2.forces.gc.ca

The Danger of ‘Overkill’ (I)

Elite standards raises costs and lowers numbers

USN Mark V Special Operations Craft USN Special Warfare Rigid Inflatable Craft

Images: http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military/4303591

The Danger of ‘Overkill’ (II)

High capability raises costs and lowers numbers

John Arquilla Says:• More numerous units

• Spread out across area

• ‘Good enough’ capability but not ‘elite’Source: “The Coming Swarm,” The New York Times, 14 February 2009

Sean Edwards Says:• Deny ‘enablers’

• Adopt spherical & mobile fighting methods

• Use manoeuvre to deny time Source: Sean Edwards, Swarming & the Future of Warfare, Rand, 2004.

“Picture yourself in a boat on a river, With tangerine trees and marmalade skies”The Beatles: “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”/Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)

“What Does Your Freedom Look Like[?]”

Image:tellusyourfreedom.caImage:London Life, “Freedom 55,” tellusyourfreedom.ca

‘Safe’ but not ‘Free’

Image:London Life, “Freedom 55,” tellusyourfreedom.ca

Read More Here• Canadian Naval Review at:

www.navalreview.ca/broadsides-discussion-forum/

• Broadsides, the on-line discussion forum of Canadian Naval Review, - “Swarming Tactics” at:www.navalreview.ca/category/broadsides/swarming-tactics/

- “Maritime Terrorism” at: www.navalreview.ca/category/broadsides/maritime-terrorism/