(JoWREM)

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May-August 2014 eISSN: 2349-4336

Journal of Water Resource

Engineering & Management

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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

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Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

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Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

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University, Baru Sahib, India.

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Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

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Civil Engineering, The University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Dr.Ajaykumar Ramdas KambekarFaculty,Department of Civil Engineering

Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bhavan's Campus, Munshi Nagar,

Andheri, Mumbai, India.

Dr. Chander Kumar SinghAssistant Professor, Department of

Natural Resources,TERI University,India.

Dr. Erfan Mondal,Professor, Department of Geology,

AMU, Aligarh, India.

Mr. Gobinath RavindranAssistant Professor ,Department of

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Civil Engineering, National Institute of

Technology , Raipur, India.

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India.

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of Civil Engineering, India.

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Civil Engineering Department, Former Head and Dean (AR), National Institute of

Technology Rourkela, India.

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House- 8/A, Road - 7 Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209 Bangladesh.

Editorial Board

Dr. N. VishwakarmaAssistant Professor, National

Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Dr. Prosenjit GhoshAssistant Professor,Center for

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,

India.

Dr. Rajesh GuptaProfessor, Civil Engineering, NIT

Nagpur.

Dr. Ramesh H GowdaWater Resources Engineering Specialist,

National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Suratkhal, India.

Prof. Quamrul HassanProf. Quamrul Hassan, Department of Civil

Engineering Faculty of Engineering &

Technology Jamia Millia Islamia,

New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pabitra Ranjan MaitiAssistant Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University),

India.

Dr. Saravanan SubbarayanAssistant Professor, Department of

Civil Engineering, National Institute of

Technology , Tiruchirappalli, India.

Dr. Shamsuddin ShahidAssociate Professor ,Department of

Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM) Johor, Malaysia.

Dr. Syed Zaheer HasanScientist-G,Petroleum Research Wing,

Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute, PDPU Campus,

Raisan,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Dr. JagadeeshaAssociate Professor, Civil Engineering,

Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, India.

Dr. Ali Mohammad KimiagariAssociate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Amirkabir

University of Technology, Iran.

Dr. Susama SudhishriSenior Scientist

Water Technology CenterIARI, Pusa, New Delhi, India.

I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (2)] of Journal of Water

Resource Engineering and Management. The intension of JoWREM is to create an atmosphere that

stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Water Resource Engineering and

Management.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoWREM provides an outlet for Research findings

and reviews in areas of Water Resource Engineering and Management found to be relevant for

National and International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Water Resource Engineering and Management.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Linear Programming based Model for Design of Looped Water Distribution Networks with Redundancy Rajesh Gupta, Yamini Lakshmi, Shweta Rathi 1

2. Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling K. S. Kasiviswanathan, Avinash Agarwal, A. R. Senthil Kumar 11

3. Catchment Pollution Potential and Pattern of Groundwater QualityRitu Ahlawat 19

4. Exudation – An Advancement in Micro-Irrigation with Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation (Porous Pipe)Y. V. Bhamare, Ravichandra Masuti 29

5. Water Harvesting Through Application of Social Marketing Strategy –– A Case Study in Banwar Village, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaMahesh Rao, Sendhil R., Narendra Singh Chandel, V. Rajagopal, Sangeeta Mandal, Monika Shukla, Pradip Karmakar, Atmanand Tripathi 35

ContentsJournal of Water Resource Engineering and Management.

JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Linear Programming based Model for Design of Looped

Water Distribution Networks with Redundancy

Rajesh Gupta*, Yamini Lakshmi, Shweta Rathi

Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India

Abstract A new linear programming based two-phased methodology is suggested for design of

looped water distribution networks with redundancy. The redundancy is provided against

failure of pipes and a network is designed to sustain failure of any one of the link without affecting nodal supplies in a part or full. In the first phase, network is designed under

normal pipe working conditions for assumed flow distribution using linear programming. The performance of designed system is checked using node-flow analysis for one pipe-

failure conditions and most critical pipe failure condition is obtained in the second phase.

The linear programming formulation in the first stage is appended to incorporate constraints for critical pipe failure conditions and solved. This process of successive

addition of constraints in first phase continues until network design becomes satisfactory to sustain failure of any single pipe. The methodology is general and successive addition

of constraints reduces the size of problem to be handled at a time. The methodology can

be used for any type of flow-distribution. However, flow-distribution based on Chiong’s model is observed to provide better design. The methodology is illustrated with example

networks taken from literature.

Keywords: Design, Linear programming, Optimization, Redundancy, Water

Distribution Network

JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for

Rainfall-Runoff Modeling

K. S. Kasiviswanathan1*, Avinash Agarwal

2, A. R. Senthil Kumar

2

1School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Chennai, India

2Surface Water Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India

Abstract Rainfall-runoff process is purely nonlinear and varies spatially as well as temporally. Any hydrological model requires many parameters which represent different components

of the process. Availability of all the parameters is difficult for any catchment and

probabilistic generation of such type of data is impossible. Under such circumstances, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have proven to be a better tool to model the rainfall-

runoff process with minimum available data. The present study is to compare the

performance of the model trained with K-means clustering algorithm and modified K-means clustering algorithm. The potential of these two algorithms was tested by

developing rainfall runoff models for Vamsadhara river basin located in Andhrapradesh, India. Results of these two models were compared with observed data of Vamsadhara

river basin. It is shown that modified K-means clustering algorithm results are more

generalized than K-means clustering algorithm results.

Keywords: K-mean clustering algorithm, non-linear, radial basis function artificial

neural network (RBFANN)

JoWREM (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Catchment Pollution Potential and Pattern of

Groundwater Quality

Ritu Ahlawat* Department of Geography, Miranda House, University of Delhi, India

Abstract Pollutants in groundwater can occur naturally or they can be introduced by various

anthropogenic sources of pollution. Both point and non-point sources of pollution affect

the quality of surface as well as ground water. As water infiltrates, solute concentrations are typically low. But after penetration their spatial extent follows a regional pattern that

needs to be examined in detail. Hence, spatial pattern of important parameters of ground

water quality obtained from secondary observation well data in case of Betwa river catchment has been presented in this paper. An overview of various sources of pollution

from agriculture, industries and towns and their potential effect is also reflected.

Keywords: Groundwater data network, spatial interpolation, solute concentration

level, pollution potential, domestic pollution, agricultural pollution

JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Exudation – An Advancement in Micro-Irrigation with

Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation (Porous Pipe)

Y. V. Bhamare*, Ravichandra Masuti Civil Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India

Abstract The awareness has slowly been developed for careful and effective utilization of natural

resources like water and energy. Exudation, i.e., sub-surface irrigation with porous pipe

can be an efficient water-saving method of irrigation for many less developed arid and semi-arid regions. Sub-surface drip irrigation, i.e., SDI has been an important part of

agricultural irrigation throughout the world. During last three decades, sub-surface

irrigation system is being used owing to its capability to apply water efficiency, low labor and low energy requirement and increase in quality and quantity of crop yield. The

project work deals with introduction of new method of irrigation, the comparative study of conventional methods with exudation, i.e., SDI also studied. The project work also

discusses use of sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) for grapes and pomegranates. It also

deals with benefits over drip irrigation, lacunas in conventional drip irrigation system. The main objective of this project work was to minimize evaporation losses in grapes and

pomegranates, proper utilization of water, energy saving and minimization of labor cost and maintenance.

Keywords: Exudation, sub-surface drip irrigation, SDI, arid and semi-arid regions,

evaporation, crop yield

JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Water Harvesting Through Application of Social

Marketing Strategy - A Case Study in Banwar Village,

Madhya Pradesh, India

Mahesh Rao1*, Sendhil R.

2, Narendra Singh Chandel

3, V. Rajagopal

4, Sangeeta Mandal

5,

Monika Shukla6, Pradip Karmakar

7, Atmanand Tripathi

8

1National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

2Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India

3Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India

4National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, India

5National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India

6 Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India

7Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India

8Central Research Institute for Jute & Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, India

Abstract The present study was carried out in a dry tract of central plateau region (Banwar village, Madhya Pradesh, India) by a team of trainee scientists inducted for the National

Agricultural Research System (NARS), India. Observations recorded in the village

indicated the harsh effects of declining water table owing to poor precipitation and the need for water harvesting to sustain people’s livelihood since agriculture being their

primary profession. Considering social marketing strategy, the goal was set to recharge

groundwater and increase the water availability for irrigation purpose. Visualising groundwater recharge through water harvesting as the end product; organising training

programmes, method demonstrations, village level exhibitions and visit to other successful water harvesting regions were set as the promotion strategies to achieve the

set goal. Work plan was devised by the trainee scientists and set to act further.

Nevertheless, successful social marketing needs the partnership of local government

bodies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that play a significant role in

changing the complex social structure of the people—the ultimate beneficiaries of end product.

Keywords: social marketing, Banwar village, water harvesting, groundwater

recharge