Trends in

Machine Design(TMD)

May- August 2014

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

www.stmjournals.com

STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was

launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board

members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of STM Publication(s):

?Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions.

?Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process.

?Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.

?Preparing online platform for other print Journals.

?Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains.

?Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety.

Salient Features:

?A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains.

?Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System.

?The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage.

?Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization.

?Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.

?Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Trends in Machine Design

Focus and Scope Covers

Trends in Machine Design is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of

Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the

Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein.

Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written

permission of the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the

beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

?Kinematics of Machines

?CAD/CAM/CAE technology

?CAD/CAM/CAE technology

?Mechatronic design

?Machine manufacturing processes

? Machine learning algorithms

?Brakes, clutch, GEARS and SPRINGS design

STM Publication(s)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office

No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal.

Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM

Journals unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order:

Cost of Journal:

? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy

? International Subscription:

? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues)

? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change

without notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of

Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access

Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at

nominal cost as follows

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

? The access will be blocked:

? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.

? Due to technical issue.

? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent

media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars

etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each

published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are

also very welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency.

? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.

? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Chairman

Mr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)

Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra

DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India

Puneet Pandeya

ManagerMonika Malhotra

Assistant Manager

Assistant Editors

Aditya Sanyal

Anupama Garg

Himani Pandey

Publication Management Team

Internal Members

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab

Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu

Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

Dr. Rajiv Prakash

School of Materials Science and Technology,

Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, India.

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of

Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India.

Associate Editors

Gargi Asha Jha

Nupur Anand

Priyanka Aswal

Sona Chahal

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev Raj

Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department

of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community

Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,

Pune, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal

University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,

National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral

Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials

Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,

Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,

Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

Aurangabad, India.

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,

Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Srinivasu GangisettiAssistant Professor, Mechanical

Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India.

Subrata MandalSenior Scientist, Central Mechanical

Engineering Institute, Durgapur, India.

Editorial Board

Arindam Majumder Assistant Professor,National Institute of

Technology, Agartala.

Dinesh KumarAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya

National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.

Hemanta KumarAssistant Professor, National Institute of

Technology, Suratkhal India.

K Priya Ajit, Assistant ProfessorDepartment Of Mechanical Engineering & Mining Machinery Engineering Indian

School Of Mines, Dhanbad, India.

Rakesh Kumar MauryaAssistant Professor, School of Mechanical,

Materials & Energy Engineering Indian Institute of Technology ,Ropar, India.

Dilip DattaHead,Mechanical Engineering Tezpur

University, Assam.

LA KumaraswamidhasAssociate Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering and Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian School

of Mines Dhanbad, India.

Manju SinghPrincipal Scientist Central Mechanical

Engineering Research Institute Durgapur, India.

Rajeev Jain, HeadMechanical Engineering Department,

Kalaniketan Polytechnic College Jabalpur India.

S K KakotyProfessor Mechanical Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Guahati.

Sanjivi ArulAssociate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of

Engineering, Coimbatore.

Shubhankar BhowmickAssistant Professor, Mechanical

Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (2)] of Trends in Machine

Design. The intension of TMD is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and

growth in the area of Machine Design.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMD provides an outlet for Research findings and

reviews in areas of Machine Design found to be relevant for National and International recent

developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Machine Design.

Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the

form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Gas Foil Bearings with Different Bump Foil Materials T. Moasunep. Jamir, S. K. Kakoty, Karuna Kalita 1

2. Workability Behavior of Copper–Tungsten and Graphite Composites M. Navaneetha Krishnan, S.C. Vettivel, G. Karthikeyan 12

ContentsTrends in Machine Design

TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Machine Design

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Gas Foil Bearings with Different Bump Foil Materials

T. Moasunep. Jamir, S. K. Kakoty*, Karuna Kalita Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India

Abstract There is a significant attention on gas foil bearings (GFBs) in recent times owing to its

oil-free technology and suitability over a wide array of operating conditions. However, GFBs have considerably low load carrying capacity as compared to normal gas bearings

(GBs). The present paper investigated the static analysis and comparison of the load capacity of the bump-type GFBs for a simple foil configuration considering only

deflection of bump foils. Different foil materials have been inspected in view of comparing

the steady state load capacity. Also the variations of GFBs load performance with respect to the compliance of the foil have been reviewed.

Keywords: gas foil bearings, static analysis, steady state load capacity, foil

compliance coefficient

TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Machine Design

Volume 1, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Workability Behavior of Copper–Tungsten and

Graphite Composites

M. Navaneetha Krishnan1*, S.C. Vettivel

2, G. Karthikeyan

3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universal College of Engineering and Technology,

Vallioor, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, VV Engineering College, Tisaiyanvilai, India

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India

Abstract Workability is a measure of deformation that powder metallurgy materials can withstand prior to fracture occurring in the formation or upsetting process. Nowadays, copper-

based sintered composites produced by powder metallurgy processes are widely used in

bearings and bushes. Also composites based on copper–tungsten (Cu–W) composite containing a solid lubricant (Graphite) have been developed as self-lubricating materials

under the conditions of load, atmosphere and temperature. However, it should be noted that the addition of W has an adverse effect on the composites mechanical properties. In

this paper the workability behavior of Cu reinforced with W and Gr composite was

studied. Gr is a solid lubricant which is used to reduce friction. The various proportions of copper and tungsten powders are mixed with respect to different weight percentage

(Pure Cu with 5% Gr, 90% Cu & 5% W with 5% Gr, 85% Cu & 10% W with 5% Gr) and specimen were prepared. The microstructures of the sintered specimens were examined.

The compressibility test was conducted using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The

preparation and characterization are clearly discussed in this paper.

Keywords: workability, Formability Stress Index, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs),

powder metallurgy, relative density