JOINT OPERATIONS

Bottom Line on Joint Operations

The USAF doesn’t operate alone. It takes all military services working together to

successfully execute & win America’s wars

Failed Hostage Rescue Video

• The World Situation• Define Joint Operations• History of Joint Warfare• Joint Doctrine• Range of Operations• Types of Joint Operations• Joint Warfare Values

Overview

• Regional instability

• WMD proliferation

• Transnational threats: ethnic/economic/health/crime

• Military operations tempo

• Force structure

• Defense budget

World Situation

History of Joint Operations

• Joint Warfare

• Joint Doctrine

• 1781: Battle of Yorktown– French Naval Blockade– American Ground Forces

Washington

Lord Cornwallis

Lafayette

Joint Warfare

Joint Warfare

• 1863: Battle of Vicksburg– Control of the Mississippi

River– Teamwork: Navy,

Marine, and Army Assault

– 45 Day Siege

Joint Warfare

• 1944: Operation Overlord– Air Superiority– Sea Superiority– Special Operations

• Operation Overlord (cont’d)– Leadership

• Eisenhower– Complete autonomy– 6,000 ships, 13,000 aircraft, 250,000

personnel from all branches

• Von Runstedt– No autonomy– No control over armor, air defense, or

coastal artillery

Joint Warfare

Joint Warfare

• Desert Storm– Principles of War– Included air, land, sea forces

Joint Warfare

“You may fly over a land forever; you may bomb it, atomize it, pulverize it and wipe it clean of life—but if you desire to defend it, protect it, and keep it for civilization, you must do this on the ground, the way the Roman legions did, by putting your young men into the mud.”

~ T. R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War

Joint Warfare

• Afghanistan—ENDURING FREEDOM– A new kind of warfare—Network-centric– US Special Forces “composite” teams

• National Security Act of 1947—Created:– Department of Defense

• Secretary of Defense• Joint Chiefs of Staff• Unified & Specified

Commands

– National Security Council

– Central Intelligence Agency

Joint Doctrine

Joint Doctrine

• Reorganization Act of 1958– Defined the chain of command from the President

to the services• President>SecDef>Unified CC>Component CC

– Unified Commands increased their operational control (OPCON) of resources

• Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act of 1986– Strengthened role of Chairman of the

Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)• CJCS became principal military advisor

to the President and SecDef

– Mandated Doctrine• Provides a common perspective from

which to plan and operate• Shapes the way we think and train for

war• Not a checklist that will guarantee military

victory

Joint Doctrine

• Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)– Required officers to serve in a joint billet before

promotion to flag rank– Two separate branches in the military chain of

command• Operational• Administrative

Joint Doctrine

*CJCS has no operational control

CJCS*

Unified Combatant Commander

Components

President

Secretary of Defense

Military Departments

Operational Administrative

Forces

(not assigned to Combatant Commander)

Joint Organization

• Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)– Operational

• Unified combatant commander in charge of all services/components

• Component commanders responsible for their piece• Sometimes difficult to determine which service to use at

a particular time and place

Joint Doctrine

• Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)– Administrative

• Military departments responsible for all personnel within their service not assigned to the combatant commander

• Separate and distinct from the branch that contains the operational command

Joint Doctrine

Operational Branch

Land Maritime Air Special Ops

SimpleChain

President

Secretary of Defense

Unified Commander/Joint Forces Commander

The Joint Campaign

• Objective– Usually set by the President and Secretary of

Defense– Unified Combatant Commander decides best way

to accomplish objective

The Joint Campaign

• Military Strengths– Each service brings unique strengths and

weaknesses to the joint environment

Navy

Conducts prompt and sustained operations at and from the sea

Conducts amphibious landings and ground

operations

Marine Corps

Army

Conducts prompt and sustained land combat operations

Uses air and space power to exploit the

aerospace environment

Air Force

The difficult task is determining which service to use at a particular time and place because each service brings unique strengths and weaknesses to the joint environment. 

Joint Campaign

• Joint Shopping List– Strategic Strike Capability

• Air Force > Navy > Army and Marine Corps*

– Guerrilla/Urban Warfare• Army > Marine Corps > Air Force and Navy*

– Forced Entry• Marine Corps > Army > Air Force and Navy*

– Control Ground• Army > Marine Corps > Navy and Air Force*

* Services listed from most likely to least likely

Joint Campaign

How We Fight Video

Blackhawk Down

Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence

Crisis Response and Contingency Operations

Range of Military Operations

Major Operations and Campaigns

Scale of Operations

Natural Part of War

Escalation

Desert Shield

De-Escalation

Northern and Southern Watch

Crisis response/Engagement/Major operation/Deterrence/Contingency

TIME

Types of Operations

• Arms Control and Disarmament• Combating Terrorism• Counterdrug Operations• Enforcement of Sanctions• Freedom of Navigation

Types of Operations (cont’d)

• Nation Assistance• Protection of Shipping • Show of Force• Support to Insurgency• Noncombat Evacuation Operation

Types of Operations (cont’d)

• Peace Operations• Foreign Humanitarian Assistance• Recovery Operations• Consequence Management• Strikes and Raids

• Support to Homeland Security• Major Combat Operations

– Offensive– Defensive– Stability

Types of Operations (cont’d)

• Integrity– Say what you mean &do what you say

• Competence– Those you lead deserve no less

• Physical Courage– You never know when…

• Moral Courage– Always do what is right

• Teamwork– Essential to Joint Operations

Joint Force Values

• The World Situation• Define Joint Operations• History of Joint Warfare• Joint Doctrine• Range of Operations• Types of Joint Operations• Joint Warfare Values

Summary

Tomorrow…

KOSOVODAGESTAN

TAIWAN

SUDAN

NIGERIA

INDIAALGERIA

VENEZUELACOLOMBIA

ECUADOR

LIBERIA

WEST BANK

ERITHEA

CHINAPAKISTAN

EAST TIMOR

HURRICANE RELIEF

SRI LANKA

YEMEN

ZIMBABWE

AFGHANISTAN

Where will you be?

Questions?