job search experience australia

59Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Technical Note: Data quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Appendix 4: Supplementary surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Appendix 3: Populations and data items list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Appendix 2: Classification of education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Appendix 1: Job Search Experience Survey Redesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Explanatory Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M A T I O N

30Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Persons employed for more than a year in their current job who looked forwork in the previous 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24Employees (excluding owner managers of incorporated enterprises) who

started their current job in the previous 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21Employed persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months . . . .11Unemployed persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9Unemployed persons and employed persons who started their current job in

the previous 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T A B L E S

4Summary of findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Conceptual framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

page

C O N T E N T S

E M B A R G O : 1 1 . 3 0 A M ( C A N B E R R A T I M E ) T U E S 2 4 J A N 2 0 1 2

JOB SEARCH EXPERIENCE A U S T R A L I A

6222.0J U L Y 2 0 1 1

For further informationabout these and relatedstatistics, contact theNational Information andReferral Service on1300 135 070 or LabourSupplementary SurveysSection on Canberra(02) 6252 7206, <[email protected]>.

I N Q U I R I E S

w w w . a b s . g o v . a u

As estimates have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the

component items and totals.

RO U N D I N G

This survey was redeveloped in 2011 to capture information on persons employed for

more than a year in their current job who looked for work in the previous 12 months.

Information was also collected on owner managers and their reasons for

starting/purchasing a business. For more information on these changes see Appendix 1.

CH A N G E S IN TH I S I S S U E

The statistics in this publication were compiled from data collected in the Job Search

Experience Survey, conducted throughout Australia in July 2011 as a supplement to the

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) monthly Labour Force Survey (LFS).

This publication presents information about the experiences of unemployed people in

seeking work, in terms of the steps they have taken to find work and the difficulties they

have encountered in finding work. It also presents information about employed people

who started their current job in the previous 12 months. For this group, data on the

steps taken to attain work and current job details are provided.

From July 2011, this publication also presents information about persons employed for

more than a year in their current job who looked for work in the previous 12 months,

including steps taken to find work and difficulties in finding work. Further, the survey

provides information about Owner Managers who started their current business in the

previous 12 months including the reasons for starting or purchasing their business.

In addition, demographic information is provided for all of these groups.

AB O U T TH I S PU B L I C A T I O N

weekswks

standard errorSE

Standard Australian Classification of CountriesSACC

relative standard errorRSE

owner manager of incorporated enterpriseOMIE

not further definedn.f.d.

Labour Force SurveyLFS

Australian Standard Classification of EducationASCED

Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial ClassificationANZSIC

Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of OccupationsANZSCO

Australian Bureau of Statistics Classification of QualificationsABSCQ

Australian Bureau of StatisticsABS

thousand'000AB B R E V I A T I O N S

B r i a n P i n k

Au s t r a l i a n S t a t i s t i c i a n

2 A B S • J O B SE A R C H EX P E R I E N C E • 6 2 2 2 . 0 • J U L 2 0 1 1

N O T E S

(a) Excludes 21,500 persons who were contributing family workers(b) See Glossary for definition of unemployed looking for full-time or part-time work.(c) See Glossary for definition of current job.(d) Owner managers of incorporated enterprises.

Employ ees (excluding OMIEs) (d)

1,567,700

Employ ees(excluding OMIEs) (d)

477,600

Owner managers

162,100

Owner managers

67,000

Looking for other work

544,600

Not looking for other work

9,134,400

Worked in current job formore than 12 months (c)

9,679,000

Started current job in thelast 12 months (c)

1,729,800

Employed (a)

11,408,800

Labour Force

12,002,500

Looked for part-time work(b)

165,700

Looked for full-time work(b)

406,600

Unemploy ed less than oney ear

462,400

Unemploy ed one y ear ormore

109,900

Unemploy ed

572,200

The following diagram illustrates the conceptual framework for the 2011 Job Search

Experience Survey. It presents three mutually exclusive groups in the labour force as at

July 2011:

! unemployed persons (572,200);

! employed persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months (1.7

million); and

! persons employed for more than a year in their current job who looked for work in

the previous 12 months (544,600).

CO N C E P T U A L FR A M E W O R K

A B S • J O B SE A R C H EX P E R I E N C E • 6 2 2 2 . 0 • J U L 2 0 1 1 3

C O N C E P T U A L F R A M E W O R K

(a) Includes people who reported 'considered too young by employers', 'language difficulties','difficulties with finding child care' or 'difficulties because of ethnic background'.

Too many applicants for available jobs

Lacked necessary skills or education

Considered too old by employers

Insufficient work experience

No vacancies at all

No vacancies in line of work

Too far to travel/transport problems

Own ill health or disability

Unsuitable hours

Other family responsibilities

No feedback from employers

Other difficulties (a)

No difficulties at all

0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0%

MalesFemales

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Main di f f i cu l t y in f ind ing work —By sex

In July 2011, the main difficulty in finding work for unemployed persons was 'too many

applicants for available jobs' (12%), followed by 'insufficient work experience' (10%).

Diff icult ies in finding work

The majority (81%) of unemployed persons had been unemployed for less than one

year. The percentage of unemployed persons who had been unemployed for one year or

more was 18% in 2010 and 19% in 2011. The median duration of unemployment is the

same as it was in 2010, that is, 14 weeks.

UN E M P L O Y E D PE R S O N S

Durat ion of unemployment

In July 2011, there were 572,200 persons (300,300 males and 271,900 females) who were

unemployed. Of these:

! 80% of unemployed males were looking for full-time work;

! 61% of unemployed females were looking for full-time work; and

! 85% of unemployed persons had not started a job in the previous 12 months.

In July 2011, there were 1.7 million job starters (employed persons who had started their

current job in the previous 12 months). Of these:

! 59% searched for work for less than 1 year before starting current job;

! 67% were working full-time;

! 28% were aged 25–34 years; and

! 20% were aged 45 years and over.

OV E R V I E W


S U M M A R Y O F F I N D I N G S

In July 2011, the percentage of persons looking for full-time work was 71% of

unemployed persons. This compares with 72% of unemployed persons in 2010. The

most common steps taken to find work (both full-time and part-time) reported by

unemployed persons were:

! 'wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work' (85%);

! 'looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet' (78%);

! 'looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper' (73%); and

! 'answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet' (59%).

All steps taken to find

work

The difficulties in finding work for unemployed persons varied with age, sex, duration of

unemployment and the type of work for which they were looking (full-time or

part-time).

The main difficulty for persons aged 15–19 years was 'insufficient work experience' (19%)

whereas, the main difficulty in finding work for persons aged 45 years and over was

'considered too old by employers' (18%).

For unemployed males, the most commonly reported main difficulties in finding work

were:

! 'too many applicants for available jobs' (11%);

! 'own ill health or disability' (10%); and

! 'no vacancies at all' (9%).

For unemployed females, the most commonly reported main difficulties in finding work

were:


! 'insufficient work experience' (12%); and

! 'lacked necessary skills or education' (9%).

For long-term unemployed persons, the most commonly reported main difficulties were:

! 'own ill health or disability' (17%); and


For persons who had been unemployed for less than 1 year the most commonly

reported main difficulties were:


! 'insufficient work experience' (10%); and


There were 65,800 unemployed persons who reported that they had 'no difficulties at all'

in finding work. Of those reporting no difficulties, 70% had been unemployed for less

than eight weeks.

Diff icult ies in finding work

continued


S U M M A R Y O F F I N D I N G S continued

In July 2011 there were 1.7 million job starters (employed persons who started their

current job in the previous 12 months). Of these:

! 93% were employees (including OMIEs);

! 35% usually worked part-time hours, of whom 38% preferred to work more hours;

! 59% were aged 15–34 years;

! 7% were aged 55 years and over;

! 61% had a non-school qualification;

! 59% looked for work for less than 1 year before attaining their current job (of whom

74% looked for work for between 1 and 13 weeks);

! 5% looked for work for 1 year or more; and

! 36% did not look for work.

AL L JO B ST A R T E R S

In July 2011, 37% (213,200) of unemployed persons were aged 15–24 years compared to

25% (141,700) of unemployed persons who were aged 45 years and over.

The most common steps taken to find work reported by those aged 15–24 years were

'wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work' (84%) and 'looked at

advertisements for a job on the Internet' (79%). The most common steps reported by

those aged 45 years and over were 'wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer

for work' (87%) and 'looked at advertisements for a job in the newspaper' (82%).

Older and younger

unemployed

For steps taken to find work, the largest percentage point difference between long-term

unemployed persons and those who had been unemployed for less than 1 year were:

! 'registered with Centrelink as a job seeker' (70% and 40% respectively);

! 'registered with a Job Services Australia provider' (59% and 34% respectively); and

! 'checked with a Job Services Australia provider' (49% and 29% respectively).

All steps taken to find

work continued

(a) Refers to all steps taken to find work, therefore people may appear in more than one category.

Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper

Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet

Registered with a Job Services Australia provider

Checked with a Job Services Australia provider

Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper

Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet

Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker

Looked at advertisements for jobs on workplace noticeboards

Had an interview

Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards

0 20 40 60 80 100%

Unemployed less than 1 yearUnemployed 1 year or more

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Selec ted steps taken to f ind work(a ) —By durat ion of cur ren t per iod ofunemployment



1. Excludes owner managers of incorporated enterprises (OMIEs).EN D NO T E

In July 2011, there were 544,600 persons employed for more than a year in their current

job who looked for work in the previous 12 months. Of these:

! 52% were males;

! 61% were full-time workers;

! 30% were aged 25–34; and

! 88% were employees (excluding OMIEs).

The main reasons for looking for work were:

! wanted better pay (42% males and 33% females); and

! wanted a change (33% males and 38% females).

PE R S O N S EM P L O Y E D FO R

MO R E TH A N A YE A R IN

TH E I R CU R R E N T JO B AN D

LO O K E D FO R WO R K

In July 2011, there were 162,100 owner managers who started their current business in

the previous 12 months. The main reasons most commonly reported for starting or

purchasing a business were:

! 26% wanted to be their own boss;

! 23% wanted financial gain;

! 20% for other reasons; and

! 15% wanted control over working conditions.

OW N E R MA N A G E R S

Of employee1 job starters, the most commonly reported step to attain a job was 'had an

interview with an employer' (66%). For the steps taken to attain a job, the largest

percentage point difference between those who had worked before and first job holders

were:

! 'answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet' (40% and 31% respectively);

! 'looked for advertisements for jobs on the Internet' (50% and 42% respectively);

! 'registered with other employment agency' (13% and 8% respectively); and

! 'answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper' (21% and 16% respectively).

Around 153,700 employee1 job starters had either considered or had actually started or

purchased a business in the last 12 months. Of these, 24,900 had started or purchased a

business but had not continued with it.

All steps taken to attain a

job

In July 2011 there were 1.6 million employee1 job starters, of whom 42% did not have

paid leave entitlements in their current job. Of those without leave entitlements:

! 42% were aged 15–24 years;

! 17% were aged 45 and over; and

! 55% were females.

The majority (90%) of employee1 job starters had worked before. Of these:

! 37% were out of work prior to starting their current job; and

! 30% were aged 25–34.

EM P L O Y E E JO B ST A R T E R S

(E X C L U D I N G OM I E S )



30State or territory of usual residence, by sex16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PO P U L A T I O N S

27

Selected characteristics, by age group (years) and employment type in

main job, by sex

15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PE R S O N S EM P L O Y E D FO R MO R E TH A N A YE A R IN TH E I R CU R R E N T JO B WH O LO O K E D FO R

WO R K IN TH E PR E V I O U S 12 MO N T H S

25

All steps taken to attain a job, by whether first job ever held lasting two

weeks or more, by sex

14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24Selected job characteristics, by age group (years), by sex13 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EM P L O Y E E S ( E X C L U D I N G OM I E S ) WH O ST A R T E D TH E I R CU R R E N T JO B IN TH E PR E V I O U S

12 MO N T H S

23

Duration of looking for work, by level of highest non-school

qualification, by sex

12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

Selected characteristics by employees (excluding OMIEs) and owner

managers

11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

Selected characteristics, by age group (years) and employment type in

current job

10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EM P L O Y E D PE R S O N S WH O ST A R T E D TH E I R CU R R E N T JO B IN TH E PR E V I O U S 12 MO N T H S

20

Duration of current period of unemployment, by level of highest

non-school qualification, by sex

9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19Main difficulty in finding work, by age group (years) and sex8 . . . . . . . . . .18

Main difficulty in finding work, by duration of current period of

unemployment

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17All steps taken to find work, by age group (years), by sex6 . . . . . . . . . . . .14Selected characteristics, by whether turned down job offers, by sex5 . . . . . .13

Recent labour market experience, by whether looked for full-tme or

part-time work, by sex

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

Selected characteristics by whether looked for full-time or part-time

work, by sex

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11Selected characteristics, July 2003 to July 20112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .UN E M P L O Y E D PE R S O N S

9Selected characteristics, by sex1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UN E M P L O Y E D PE R S O N S AN D EM P L O Y E D PE R S O N S WH O ST A R T E D TH E I R CU R R E N T JO B IN

TH E PR E V I O U S 12 MO N T H S

page


L I S T O F T A B L E S

(d) Refers to all steps taken to attain a job, not necessarily the current or mainjob.

(e) Owner managers were not asked about steps taken to attain a job, thereforepercentages for all steps taken to attain a job are calculated for Employees(excluding OMIEs) only.

(f) Includes people who were approached by their employer.

* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be usedwith caution

. . not applicable(a) Includes 'level not determined'.(b) Includes 'certificate not further defined'.(c) Refers to all steps taken to find work/attain a job, therefore people may

appear in more than one category.

100.01 567.7757.8809.8. .. .. .. .Employees (excluding OMIEs)22.3349.2160.9188.3*1.0*5.9*3.2*2.7Did not take steps to find work/attain a job(f)11.0172.490.382.214.180.439.541.0Other10.2159.379.679.746.0263.0109.6153.4Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker

8.6134.769.265.628.8165.174.690.5Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards48.9767.2395.2372.077.7444.4212.5231.9Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet33.1518.2260.2258.073.1418.2200.0218.1Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper

9.1142.869.173.721.7124.050.673.4Checked with other employment agency5.586.535.950.633.1189.582.6106.9Checked with a Job Services Australia provider

12.2191.997.894.122.3127.852.375.4Registered with other employment agency8.9140.066.773.338.9222.898.0124.8Registered with a Job Services Australia provider2.742.922.920.05.028.913.715.2Advertised or tendered for work

27.1425.3179.9245.446.4265.4115.4150.0Contacted friends or relatives66.41 041.1519.4521.747.3270.9121.8149.2Had an interview with an employer

3.149.127.321.811.867.528.539.0Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards39.1612.8322.5290.359.0337.7161.5176.2Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet20.4319.1152.5166.645.1258.4118.7139.6Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper58.5917.0459.9457.184.9485.8227.3258.5Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

All steps taken to find work/attain a job(c)(d)(e)

5.8100.943.557.41.69.4*3.2*6.2Three or more17.9309.9148.8161.12.815.9*5.110.8Two76.31 319.0628.5690.610.861.722.938.8One

. .. .. .. .84.8485.2240.7244.6NoneNumber of jobs started in the previous 12 months

38.6667.3315.6351.655.4316.8134.5182.3Without a non-school qualification

4.578.542.735.87.744.022.821.2Certificate I/II(b)20.1346.8128.5218.313.375.836.939.0Certificate III/IV

9.4163.088.674.57.040.124.315.9Advanced Diploma/Diploma26.0448.9236.9212.015.387.748.839.0Bachelor Degree or above61.41 062.5505.1557.444.6255.4137.4118.0With a non-school qualification(a)

Level of highest non-school qualification

1.525.210.115.12.212.5*5.27.3Relationship not determined16.6287.9123.9164.015.588.531.457.1Non-family member

2.645.220.924.43.620.38.711.6Other family person15.2262.7110.5152.222.0126.145.680.4Non-dependent child

8.0138.480.058.412.269.636.133.5Dependent student4.882.672.89.87.844.735.29.5Lone parent

24.8428.7204.1224.618.7106.857.349.5Without dependants26.5459.0198.4260.618.1103.852.351.5With dependants51.3887.8402.5485.236.8210.6109.6101.0Husband, wife or partner81.91 416.7686.7730.082.4471.3235.3236.0Family member

Relationship in household

6.6114.249.165.09.151.821.630.255 and over13.3229.4110.6118.815.789.943.146.845–5421.4370.4181.7188.717.6100.655.345.335–4428.2487.4214.3273.020.4116.755.361.325–3417.6305.0146.3158.717.298.441.257.220–2412.9223.5118.7104.820.1114.855.459.415–19

Age group (years)

%'000'000'000%'000'000'000

PersonsFemalesMalesPersonsFemalesMales

EMPLOYED PERSONS WHOSTARTED THEIR CURRENT JOBIN THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHSUNEMPLOYED PERSONS

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS AND EMPLOYED PERSONS WHO STARTED THEIR CURRENT JOB IN

THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS, Selec ted charac te r i s t i cs —By sex1


. . not applicable(a) Refers to the number of hours people would like to work a week.


100.01 729.8820.7909.0100.0572.2271.9300.3Total

. .. .. .. .1.79.8*4.4*5.3Did not know

. .. .. .. .27.3156.435.5120.940 hours or more

. .. .. .. .30.1172.177.394.935–39

. .. .. .. .6.738.222.415.830–34

. .. .. .. .20.4116.984.232.716–29

. .. .. .. .13.878.948.230.71–15Preferred number of hours(a)

%'000'000'000%'000'000'000


EMPLOYED PERSONS WHOSTARTED THEIR CURRENT JOBIN THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHSUNEMPLOYED PERSONS

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS AND EMPLOYED PERSONS WHO STARTED THEIR CURRENT JOB IN

THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS, Selec ted charac te r i s t i cs —By sex co n t i n u e d1


(a) Prior to July 2004, these categories were collected as part of 'consideredtoo young or too old by employers'. See paragraph 22 of the ExplanatoryNotes for more information.

(b) Includes people who reported 'difficulties because of ethnic background'.


na not available

141416111215121616Median duration of current period of unemployment35.234.732.735.739.045.039.752.248.8Mean duration of current period of unemployment

DU R A T I O N OF CU R R E N T PE R I O D OF UN E M P L O Y M E N T (w k s )

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0Total

9.27.67.17.89.212.111.613.713.22 years and over10.010.88.87.39.68.56.47.78.71 and under 2 years19.218.415.915.118.820.518.021.421.81 year and over

15.714.916.714.613.715.114.614.914.926 and under 52 weeks17.418.223.018.817.117.716.918.117.913 and under 26 weeks10.911.710.110.78.910.912.510.99.18 and under 13 weeks10.912.010.815.013.112.211.09.813.64 and under 8 weeks25.824.623.625.828.423.627.024.922.71 and under 4 weeks80.881.684.184.981.279.582.078.678.2Under 1 year

Duration of current period of unemployment

29.028.224.730.128.827.828.725.625.6Looked for part-time work71.071.875.369.971.272.271.374.474.4Looked for full-time work

Whether looked for full-time or part-time work

11.59.97.812.811.810.39.99.36.0No difficulties at all6.97.97.06.47.07.57.74.13.2Other difficulties(b)4.74.84.92.73.32.91.72.01.6No feedback from employers2.51.72.64.73.32.23.13.11.6Difficulties with finding child care and other family responsibilities5.55.63.89.16.65.46.15.66.0Unsuitable hours2.31.4*1.4*2.02.62.02.51.42.9Language difficulties8.67.77.710.29.69.77.66.85.6Own ill health or disability6.47.35.98.46.59.19.37.96.4Too far to travel /transport problems6.77.810.86.26.96.76.48.09.3No vacancies in line of work7.06.79.64.45.15.85.26.38.7No vacancies at all

10.211.18.99.010.110.210.413.112.2Insufficient work experience5.44.95.65.26.99.49.510.7naConsidered too old by employers(a)

*1.2*1.2*0.8*1.61.7*1.11.81.0naConsidered too young by employers(a)9.07.98.29.410.18.99.59.411.3Lacked necessary skills or education

12.114.114.98.08.68.99.511.311.9Too many applicants for available jobsMain difficulty in finding work

SE L E C T E D CH A R A C T E R I S T I C S (% )

572.2578.7599.6422.6414.2462.0484.8528.2564.5Total

PE R S O N S ( ' 0 0 0 )

July

2011

July

2010

July

2009

July

2008

July

2007

July

2006

July

2005

July

2004

July

2003

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Selec ted characte r i s t i cs —July 2003 to Ju l y 20112


(b) Includes 'level not determined'.(c) Includes 'certificate not further defined'.(d) Refers to all steps taken to find work, therefore people may appear in more

than one category.(e) Excludes people who 'did not take steps to find work'.

* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used withcaution

** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered toounreliable for general use

(a) Includes 'inadequately described'.

572.2271.9300.3165.7106.759.0406.6165.2241.4Total

80.439.541.018.411.27.262.128.333.8Other263.0109.6153.447.133.813.3215.975.8140.2Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker165.174.690.542.026.715.3123.147.975.2Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards444.4212.5231.9115.774.940.8328.7137.7191.0Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet418.2200.0218.1101.371.130.2316.9128.9187.9Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper124.050.673.416.811.7*5.2107.238.968.3Checked with other employment agency189.582.6106.927.821.5*6.3161.761.1100.5Checked with a Job Services Australia provider127.852.375.416.110.4*5.7111.742.069.7Registered with other employment agency222.898.0124.835.126.48.7187.771.6116.1Registered with a Job Services Australia provider

28.913.715.28.1*4.9*3.220.88.812.0Advertised or tendered for work265.4115.4150.069.644.924.7195.870.5125.3Contacted friends or relatives270.9121.8149.261.138.322.8209.983.5126.4Had an interview with an employer

67.528.539.016.09.16.951.519.332.2Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards337.7161.5176.278.849.629.1258.9111.8147.1Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet258.4118.7139.649.234.914.3209.283.9125.3Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper485.8227.3258.5128.284.144.1357.6143.2214.4Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

All steps taken to find work(d)(e)

316.8134.5182.3104.762.742.0212.171.8140.3Without a non-school qualification

44.022.821.212.810.9*1.931.211.919.3Certificate I/II(c)75.836.939.015.79.7*5.960.227.133.0Certificate III/IV40.124.315.910.6*6.1*4.529.518.111.4Advanced Diploma/Diploma87.748.839.019.414.7*4.768.434.134.3Bachelor Degree or above

255.4137.4118.060.944.017.0194.593.4101.1With a non-school qualification(b)Level of highest non-school qualification

106.656.050.628.519.78.878.136.241.8Born in other than main English-speaking countries50.529.421.113.810.6*3.236.718.817.9Born in main English-speaking countries

157.185.371.742.330.312.0114.755.059.7Born overseas415.2186.6228.6123.476.446.9291.8110.2181.6Born in Australia

Country of birth(a)

12.5*5.27.3*3.0*2.5**0.59.5*2.7*6.8Relationship not determined88.531.457.120.011.38.768.520.148.4Non-family member

20.38.711.6*4.0*2.1*1.916.3*6.69.7Other family person126.145.680.415.98.97.0110.236.773.5Non-dependent child

69.636.133.560.332.827.59.3*3.3*6.0Dependent student44.735.29.514.312.8**1.530.422.48.0Lone parent

106.857.349.522.114.97.284.742.542.2Without dependants103.852.351.526.121.3*4.877.731.046.7With dependants210.6109.6101.048.236.212.0162.473.488.9Husband, wife or partner471.3235.3236.0142.792.949.8328.6142.4186.2Family member

Relationship in household

51.821.630.211.2*5.9*5.340.615.724.955 and over89.943.146.820.513.67.069.429.539.945–54

100.655.345.324.821.5*3.375.833.942.035–44116.755.361.321.417.6*3.895.337.857.525–34

98.441.257.229.515.414.069.025.843.220–24114.855.459.458.332.825.556.522.633.915–19

Age group (years)

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

PersonsFemalesMalesPersonsFemalesMalesPersonsFemalesMales

TOTALLOOKED FORPART-TIME WORK

LOOKED FORFULL-TIME WORK

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Whether looked for fu l l - t ime or par t - t ime work —By selec ted

charac te r i s t i cs —By sex3


* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution

14171310128161914Median duration of current period of unemployment35.234.935.430.229.331.937.238.536.3Mean duration of current period of unemployment

DU R A T I O N OF CU R R E N T PE R I O D OF UN E M P L O Y M E N T (w k s )

572.2271.9300.3165.7106.759.0406.6165.2241.4Total

52.925.927.111.87.9*3.941.117.923.22 years and over56.928.228.715.310.0*5.341.618.223.41 and under 2 years

109.954.155.827.118.09.282.836.246.61 year and over

24.011.013.0*6.0*4.0*2.018.07.011.039 and under 52 weeks65.835.130.719.613.8*5.846.221.225.026 and under 39 weeks99.645.853.826.016.69.473.629.244.413 and under 26 weeks62.531.730.915.311.8*3.547.219.827.48 and under 13 weeks62.627.135.519.711.97.842.915.227.74 and under 8 weeks

147.867.280.651.930.621.395.936.659.31 and under 4 weeks462.4217.8244.6138.688.849.8323.8129.0194.8Under 1 year


109.954.155.827.118.09.282.836.246.652 weeks41.715.526.28.6*4.1*4.533.111.421.739 and under 52 weeks71.836.934.919.113.9*5.252.723.029.726 and under 39 weeks97.146.250.926.517.19.470.629.141.513 and under 26 weeks60.532.228.316.812.2*4.543.719.923.88 and under 13 weeks57.925.632.220.313.07.337.612.724.94 and under 8 weeks60.026.933.117.711.2*6.542.315.726.62 and under 4 weeks73.534.439.029.617.212.543.917.326.61 and under 2 weeks

Time spent looking for work in the previous 12 months

117.260.157.263.335.727.554.024.329.7Had never worked

117.769.648.134.827.17.782.942.540.4Last job 2 years or more ago337.3142.2195.067.643.923.8269.798.4171.3Last job less than 2 years ago455.0211.9243.1102.471.031.4352.6140.9211.7Had previously worked

Whether had ever worked for two weeks or more

33.916.117.99.37.0*2.424.69.115.5Two or more79.240.239.023.313.89.455.926.429.5One

459.1215.6243.5133.185.947.1326.1129.7196.4NoneNumber of offers of employment in the current period of unemployment

PE R S O N S ( ' 0 0 0 )

PersonsFemalesMalesPersonsFemalesMalesPersonsFemalesMales

TOTALLOOKED FORPART-TIME WORK

LOOKED FORFULL-TIME WORK

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Whether looked for fu l l - t ime or par t - t ime work —By recent labour

market exper ience —By sex4


(a) Only applies to persons who had turned down job offers.(b) Includes persons who had started or purchased a business in

the last 12 months but had not continued with it.

* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% andshould be used with caution

** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% andis considered too unreliable for general use

. . not applicable

100.0300.3243.539.117.7Total

58.5175.6139.623.112.8Had not registered with a Job Services Australia provider41.5124.8103.916.0*4.9Had been registered with a Job Services Australia provider

Whether has been registered with a Job Services Australia Provider

87.2261.9214.731.915.3Had not considered starting or purchasing a business12.838.428.87.2*2.4Had considered starting or purchasing a business(b)

Whether considered starting or purchasing a business

*1.4*4.1. .. .*4.1Other**0.3**1.0. .. .**1.0Family Reasons

*0.6*1.9. .. .*1.9Personal Reasons

*0.6*1.8. .. .*1.8Other unsatisfactory job conditions*1.4*4.1. .. .*4.1Hours unsuitable*1.6*4.9. .. .*4.9Unsatisfactory pay /conditions3.610.7. .. .10.7Unsuitable job conditions

Main reason for turning down job offers(a)

100.0300.3243.539.117.7Total5.917.9. .9.48.4Two or more

13.039.0. .29.79.3One81.1243.5243.5. .. .None

Number of offers of employment in the current period of unemployment

18.655.846.5*5.1*4.152 weeks20.361.147.69.4*4.026 and under 52 weeks61.1183.5149.424.69.51 and under 26 weeks

Time spent looking for work in the previious 12 months

18.655.846.5*5.1*4.11 year and over81.4244.6197.034.013.6Under 1 year


19.659.047.18.0*3.8Looked for part-time work80.4241.4196.431.113.9Looked for full-time work


10.130.223.7*4.5*2.055 and over15.646.841.3*4.3**1.345–5415.145.333.17.2*5.035–4420.461.347.010.2*4.125–3438.8116.698.412.9*5.315–24

Age group (years)

MA L E S

%'000'000'000'000

Total

Had not

received

job

offers

Had not

turned

down

offers

Turned

down

offers

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Selec ted charac te r i s t i cs– By whether turned down job of fe rs– By

sex5


— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) Only applies to persons who had turned down job offers.(b) Includes persons who had started or purchased a business in

the last 12 months but had not continued with it.



. . not applicable

100.0271.9215.639.217.1Total

63.9173.9139.624.310.0Had not registered with a Job Services Australia provider36.198.076.015.07.0Had been registered with a Job Services Australia provider


89.6243.7192.336.415.0Had not considered starting or purchasing a business10.428.223.3*2.8*2.0Had considered starting or purchasing a business(b)


*1.9*5.1. .. .*5.1Other*1.0*2.6. .. .*2.6Family Reasons

——. .. .—Personal Reasons

*1.5*4.0. .. .*4.0Other unsatisfactory job conditions*1.5*4.1. .. .*4.1Hours unsuitable

**0.5**1.2. .. .**1.2Unsatisfactory pay /conditions3.59.4. .. .9.4Unsuitable job conditions


100.0271.9215.639.217.1Total5.916.1. .8.18.0Two or more

14.840.2. .31.29.1One79.3215.6215.6. .. .None


19.954.144.7*4.1*5.352 weeks19.352.441.58.5*2.426 and under 52 weeks60.8165.4129.426.69.41 and under 26 weeks


19.954.144.7*4.1*5.31 year and over80.1217.8170.935.111.8Under 1 year


39.2106.785.914.7*6.1Looked for part-time work60.8165.2129.724.511.0Looked for full-time work


7.921.619.9**0.5**1.155 and over15.843.131.57.1*4.545–5420.355.346.0*6.2*3.235–4420.355.342.310.8*2.225–3435.596.675.914.6*6.115–24

Age group (years)

FE M A L E S

%'000'000'000'000

Total

Had not

received

job

offers

Had not

turned

down

offers

Turned

down

offers


sex co n t i n u e d5


(b) Includes persons who had started or purchased a business inthe last 12 months but had not continued with it.


. . not applicable(a) Only applies to persons who had turned down job offers.

100.0572.2459.178.334.8Total

61.1349.5279.247.422.8Had not registered with a Job Services Australia provider38.9222.8179.931.011.9Had been registered with a Job Services Australia provider


88.4505.6407.068.330.3Had not considered starting or purchasing a business11.666.652.110.0*4.5Had considered starting or purchasing a business(b)


1.69.1. .. .9.1Other*0.6*3.7. .. .*3.7Family Reasons*0.3*1.9. .. .*1.9Personal Reasons

*1.0*5.8. .. .*5.8Other unsatisfactory job conditions1.48.2. .. .8.2Hours unsuitable

*1.1*6.1. .. .*6.1Unsatisfactory pay /conditions3.520.1. .. .20.1Unsuitable job conditions


100.0572.2459.178.334.8Total5.933.9. .17.516.4Two or more

13.879.2. .60.918.3One80.2459.1459.1. .. .None


19.2109.991.29.29.452 weeks19.8113.589.118.0*6.426 and under 52 weeks61.0348.9278.851.119.01 and under 26 weeks


19.2109.991.29.29.41 year and over80.8462.4367.969.125.4Under 1 year


29.0165.7133.122.79.9Looked for part-time work71.0406.6326.155.624.9Looked for full-time work


9.151.843.6*5.1*3.155 and over15.789.972.811.3*5.845–5417.6100.679.113.38.135–4420.4116.789.421.0*6.325–3437.3213.2174.327.611.415–24

Age group (years)

PE R S O N S

%'000'000'000'000

Total

Had not

received

job

offers

Had not

turned

down

offers

Turned

down

offers


sex co n t i n u e d5


(b) Includes people who 'answered an advertisement for a job onnoticeboards' or 'advertised or tendered for work'.

(c) Includes people who 'did not take steps to find work'.

* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should beused with caution

(a) Refers to all steps taken to find work, therefore people may appearin more than one category.

100.0572.251.889.9100.6116.798.4114.8Total(c)

26.8153.615.521.925.030.326.934.0Other(b)46.0263.027.344.650.662.749.428.4Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker28.8165.116.030.528.032.928.928.8Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards77.7444.432.365.775.2102.585.683.0Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet73.1418.243.272.780.983.871.565.9Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper21.7124.012.726.925.030.916.112.4Checked with other employment agency33.1189.523.235.432.042.037.519.5Checked with a Job Services Australia provider22.3127.810.927.227.034.216.811.7Registered with other employment agency38.9222.825.142.639.955.339.620.2Registered with a Job Services Australia provider46.4265.423.544.250.355.843.148.6Contacted friends or relatives47.3270.924.644.447.558.251.644.6Had an interview with an employer59.0337.726.853.157.978.068.353.6Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet45.1258.430.650.346.753.447.929.5Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper84.9485.844.877.885.897.887.292.4Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

PE R S O N S

100.0271.921.643.155.355.341.255.4Total(c)

26.572.0*6.89.212.114.512.217.1Other(b)40.3109.69.820.228.723.716.111.1Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker27.474.6*6.613.716.914.810.412.1Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards78.2212.513.331.942.348.736.739.6Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet73.6200.018.336.844.639.228.832.4Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper18.650.6*3.911.013.713.4*4.7*4.0Checked with other employment agency30.482.69.016.521.014.414.37.5Checked with a Job Services Australia provider19.252.3*4.09.313.916.9*5.0*3.2Registered with other employment agency36.198.09.419.426.420.715.4*6.8Registered with a Job Services Australia provider42.4115.410.619.524.422.016.622.4Contacted friends or relatives44.8121.89.521.423.623.422.621.3Had an interview with an employer59.4161.510.426.632.236.629.126.6Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet43.7118.711.327.225.423.416.914.7Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper83.6227.318.536.045.845.338.143.6Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

FE M A L E S

100.0300.330.246.845.361.357.259.4Total(c)

27.281.58.712.712.915.714.716.9Other(b)51.1153.417.524.422.039.133.317.3Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker30.190.59.316.811.118.018.516.7Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards77.2231.919.033.833.053.948.943.4Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet72.6218.125.035.936.344.742.733.5Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper24.473.48.815.911.317.511.58.5Checked with other employment agency35.6106.914.118.911.127.623.212.0Checked with a Job Services Australia provider25.175.46.917.913.117.311.88.4Registered with other employment agency41.5124.815.823.213.534.624.213.4Registered with a Job Services Australia provider49.9150.012.924.725.933.826.526.2Contacted friends or relatives49.7149.215.023.123.934.829.023.3Had an interview with an employer58.7176.216.526.525.741.439.227.0Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet46.5139.619.323.221.330.031.014.8Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper86.1258.526.341.840.052.549.148.8Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

MA L E S

%'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

55 and

over45–5435–4425–3420–2415–19 Total

AGE GROUP (YEARS)

Al l s teps taken to f i nd wor k (a)

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Al l steps taken to f ind work —By age group (years ) —By sex6


. . not applicable(a) Includes people who reported 'considered too young by

employers', 'language difficulties', 'difficulties with findingchild care' or 'difficulties because of ethnic background'.



. .. .100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0Total

. .. .47.549.351.347.844.8Females

. .. .52.550.748.752.255.2MalesSex

. .. .11.5*4.1*5.06.522.0No difficulties at all

. .. .10.98.99.512.411.3Other difficulties(a)

. .. .4.7**1.3*4.46.05.7No feedback from employers

. .. .1.9**1.4**1.8*1.5*2.7Other family responsibilities

. .. .5.5*5.6*7.46.34.0Unsuitable hours

. .. .8.616.610.16.75.2Own ill health or disability

. .. .6.4*6.18.66.75.4Too far to travel /transport problems

. .. .6.76.4*5.67.56.7No vacancies in line of work

. .. .7.06.3*4.75.79.4No vacancies at all

. .. .10.210.714.710.38.1Insufficient work experience

. .. .5.48.98.04.5*3.1Considered too old by employers

. .. .9.012.88.99.96.5Lacked necessary skills or education

. .. .12.111.011.316.09.9Too many applicants for available jobsMain difficulty in finding work

PE R S O N S (% )

14.035.2572.2109.989.8162.2210.4Total

17.034.9271.954.146.177.594.3Females13.035.4300.355.843.784.7116.1Males

Sex

3.010.865.8*4.5*4.510.646.3No difficulties at all11.032.762.39.88.520.223.9Other difficulties(a)10.014.827.2**1.4*4.09.712.1No feedback from employers

6.020.011.1**1.5**1.6*2.4*5.6Other family responsibilities22.031.731.2*6.2*6.610.28.3Unsuitable hours28.080.049.118.29.010.910.9Own ill health or disability21.035.136.8*6.77.710.911.4Too far to travel /transport problems13.026.338.57.1*5.112.214.2No vacancies in line of work

8.027.940.17.0*4.29.219.8No vacancies at all19.042.358.511.713.216.717.0Insufficient work experience27.055.730.89.77.27.3*6.5Considered too old by employers20.042.451.714.18.016.013.6Lacked necessary skills or education16.029.469.012.010.225.920.8Too many applicants for available jobs

Main difficulty in finding work

PE R S O N S

wkswks'000'000'000'000'000

Median

duration

Mean

durationTotal

1 year

and

over

26 and

under

52 weeks

8 and

under

26 weeks

1 and

under

8 weeks

DURATION OF CURRENT PERIOD OF UNEMPLOYMENT

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Main di f f i cu l t y in f ind ing work —By durat ion of cur ren t per iod of

unemployment7


(a) Includes people who reported 'considered too young byemployers', 'language difficulties', 'difficulties with findingchild care' or 'difficulties because of ethnic background'.


** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50%and is considered too unreliable for general use

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0Total

11.511.911.17.312.215.28.315.0No difficulties at all10.913.09.08.810.99.613.612.4Other difficulties(a)

4.74.94.65.3*2.9*2.7*5.76.9No feedback from employers1.9*2.4*1.5*1.5*5.4*2.2**0.4**0.4Other family responsibilities5.58.32.9**1.08.37.7*5.46.3Unsuitable hours8.66.810.214.510.58.2*4.8*3.3Own ill health or disability6.44.77.9*2.98.78.1*6.66.8Too far to travel /transport problems6.74.58.87.29.5*4.99.4*3.2No vacancies in line of work7.04.99.09.5*5.0*4.19.56.6No vacancies at all

10.211.78.9*3.9*5.59.414.819.2Insufficient work experience5.44.76.018.3**1.4**1.3**1.2**0.7Considered too old by employers9.09.28.98.28.112.210.76.2Lacked necessary skills or education

12.113.011.211.611.614.29.513.0Too many applicants for available jobs

PE R S O N S (% )

572.2271.9300.3141.7100.6116.798.4114.8Total

65.832.433.410.412.317.88.217.2No difficulties at all62.335.227.112.511.011.313.414.2Other difficulties(a)27.213.313.97.5*2.9*3.1*5.68.0No feedback from employers11.1*6.5*4.6*2.1*5.4*2.6**0.4**0.5Other family responsibilities31.222.68.7**1.48.39.0*5.37.2Unsuitable hours49.118.430.720.510.59.6*4.7*3.8Own ill health or disability36.812.923.9*4.18.89.5*6.57.8Too far to travel /transport problems38.512.226.310.39.6*5.79.2*3.7No vacancies in line of work40.113.226.913.5*5.0*4.89.37.6No vacancies at all58.531.826.8*5.5*5.511.014.622.0Insufficient work experience30.812.918.025.9**1.4**1.5**1.2**0.8Considered too old by employers51.725.126.611.78.214.310.57.1Lacked necessary skills or education69.035.433.616.511.716.69.414.9Too many applicants for available jobs

PE R S O N S ( ' 0 0 0 )

TotalFemalesMales

45 and

over35–4425–3420–2415–19

SEXAGE GROUP (YEARS)

Main di f f i c u l t y in f i nd i n g wor k

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Main di f f i cu l t y in f ind ing work —By age group (years ) —By sex8


(a) Includes 'certificate not further defined'.(b) Includes 'level not determined'.


np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unlessotherwise indicated

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0Total

19.221.116.922.018.1*15.714.11 year and over

15.715.416.020.316.9*12.314.026 and under 52 weeks28.327.829.026.728.832.129.28 and under 26 weeks36.835.738.131.036.239.942.71 and under 8 weeks80.878.983.178.081.984.385.9Under 1 year

PE R S O N S (% )

572.2316.8255.444.075.840.187.7Total

109.966.743.19.713.7*6.312.41 year and over

89.848.940.98.912.8*4.912.326 and under 52 weeks162.288.174.111.721.912.925.68 and under 26 weeks210.4113.297.313.727.416.037.41 and under 8 weeks462.4250.1212.334.362.133.875.4Under 1 year

PE R S O N S ( ' 0 0 0 )

271.9134.5137.422.836.924.348.8Total

54.132.022.1np*6.2np*6.31 year and over

46.120.625.4np8.6np7.126 and under 52 weeks77.537.939.5*5.610.87.015.08 and under 26 weeks94.343.950.47.911.38.820.41 and under 8 weeks

217.8102.5115.318.230.719.842.5Under 1 year

FE M A L E S ( ' 0 0 0 )

300.3182.3118.021.239.015.939.0Total

55.834.721.1np7.5np*6.11 year and over

43.728.215.5np*4.2np*5.226 and under 52 weeks84.750.134.6*6.111.0*5.910.68 and under 26 weeks

116.169.246.9*5.716.27.217.01 and under 8 weeks244.6147.697.016.231.414.132.9Under 1 year

MA L E S ( ' 0 0 0 )

Total(b)Certificate

I/II(a)Certificate

III/IV

Advanced

Diploma/Diploma

Bachelor

Degree

or above Total

Without a

non-school

qualification

WITH A NON-SCHOOL QUALIFICATION

Dura t i on of cu r r en t

pe r i o d of unemp l o ymen t

UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, Durat ion of cur ren t per iod of unemp loyment —By leve l of highes t

non- schoo l qua l i f i ca t ion —By sex9



(a) Includes 'level not determined'.(b) Includes 'certificate not further defined'.(c) Includes persons who 'did not know' if they preferred to work more hours.



— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

100.01 729.8162.11 567.7114.2229.4370.4487.4305.0223.5Total

65.11 126.1107.11 019.068.4159.3251.4368.1205.773.3Usually worked full-time hours

21.8376.431.6344.834.744.077.462.060.997.4Did not prefer to work more hours(c)13.1227.323.4203.911.126.141.657.338.352.8Preferred to work more hours34.9603.755.0548.745.870.1119.0119.399.3150.2Usually works part-time hours

Whether preferred to work more hours than usually worked

32.5562.252.0510.244.566.0110.1110.190.9140.6Part-time workers67.51 167.6110.11 057.569.7163.4260.3377.3214.082.9Full-time workers

Full-time or part-time status of current employment

12.7220.218.9201.314.725.139.652.742.345.8Labourers6.4111.0*5.1106.012.418.227.135.912.8*4.5Machinery operators and drivers

12.3212.99.8203.19.220.229.041.541.971.1Sales workers16.4283.414.6268.822.643.660.177.951.827.4Clerical and administrative workers11.3194.610.7183.98.524.931.741.248.140.2Community and personal service workers14.1243.828.7215.114.227.648.076.346.830.9Technicians and trades workers18.5320.040.0280.021.340.684.6123.347.9*2.3Professionals

8.3143.934.5109.411.329.150.338.513.3**1.3ManagersOccupation of current job

36.2626.4108.0518.355.397.5148.5167.686.770.8Did not look for work4.780.58.971.610.915.821.413.711.76.91 year and over

6.8117.910.3107.612.113.026.029.819.817.126 and under 52 weeks8.5147.5*4.6142.9*5.915.732.239.129.225.413 and under 26 weeks

10.2176.09.3166.7*5.222.436.852.540.119.08 and under 13 weeks12.2210.4*6.0204.49.122.140.662.443.432.94 and under 8 weeks21.5371.115.0356.115.642.964.9122.374.051.41 and under 4 weeks59.11 022.945.2977.747.9116.1200.5306.0206.6145.8Less than 1 year

Duration of looking for work before current job

6.0104.2104.2—np15.033.033.7np**1.6Own account workers0.610.010.0—np*2.4*3.1*2.4np—Employers

93.41 615.647.91 567.7102.0212.0334.2451.3294.1221.9EmployeesStatus in employment in current job

38.6667.347.3620.042.877.8102.3123.7135.3185.3Without a non-school qualification

4.578.5*5.273.37.87.514.817.814.416.2Certificate I/II(b)20.1346.839.7307.120.157.588.4104.557.718.6Certificate III/IV

9.4163.015.5147.58.630.545.451.325.8**1.4Advanced Diploma/Diploma18.8325.434.7290.720.628.975.7136.863.3—Bachelor Degree

2.238.7*3.235.5*5.57.110.914.5**0.8—Graduate Diploma/Graduate Certificate4.984.812.672.26.914.823.634.7*4.8—Postgraduate Degree

61.41 062.5114.8947.771.3151.6268.1363.7169.638.2With a non-school qualification(a)Level of highest non-school qualification

47.4820.762.9757.849.1110.6181.7214.3146.3118.7Females52.6909.099.2809.865.0118.8188.7273.0158.7104.8Males

Sex

%'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Owner

managers

Employees

(Excluding

OMIEs)

55

and

over45–5435–4425–3420–2415–19 Total

EMPLOYMENT TYPEIN CURRENT JOBAGE GROUP (YEARS)

EMPLOYED PERSONS WHO STARTED THEIR CURRENT JOB IN THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS,

Selec ted charac te r i s t i cs —By age group (years ) and employment type in cur ren t job10


(a) Employees (excluding OMIEs) who are also currently runningbusinesses, are multiple job holders.

(b) Refers to owner managers who started their current business in theprevious 12 months.

* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should beused with caution

. . not applicable

100.01 729.8162.11 567.7Total

91.31 579.4151.71 427.7Has not been registered with a Job Services Australia provider8.7150.410.5140.0Has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider

Whether has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider

1.932.632.6. .Other reasons1.423.623.6. .Control over working conditions2.137.137.1. .Financial gain

*0.1*2.2*2.2. .To employ family members0.711.911.9. .Required/necessary for type of work2.542.442.4. .Wanted to be own boss0.712.212.2. .Could not find suitable job with an employer

Main reason for starting or purchasing a business(b)

0.69.89.8. .Other*0.3*5.6*5.6. .Both1.627.927.9. .Purchased a business6.9118.9118.9. .Started a business

Whether started or purchased a business(b)

81.31 406.3. .1 406.3Had not considered starting or purchasing a business9.8169.7162.17.6Currently running a business(a)3.254.9. .54.9Other1.016.9. .16.9Limited market opportunity1.423.6. .23.6Lacked experience/skills4.476.6. .76.6Finance

Reasons for not starting, purchasing or continuing with a business in the last 12 months

9.8169.7162.17.6Currently running a business(a)1.424.9. .24.9Had started a business

81.31 406.3. .1 406.3Had not considered starting or purchasing a business7.4128.8. .128.8Had considered starting or purchasing a business

Whether considered starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months

58.01 002.9116.0886.9Not out of work prior to starting job32.5562.341.2521.1Out of work prior to starting job90.51 565.2157.21 408.0Had worked before

9.5164.6*4.9159.7First job ever heldWhether first job ever held lasting two weeks or more

100.01 729.8162.11 567.7Persons47.4820.762.9757.8Females52.6909.099.2809.8Males

Sex

%'000'000'000

Total

Employed

persons who

started that

job in the

previous

12 months

Owner

Managers

Employees

(excluding

OMIEs)


By se lec ted charac te r i s t i cs11


(a) Includes 'certificate not further defined'.(b) Includes 'level not determined'.


** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and isconsidered too unreliable for general use

1 729.8667.31 062.578.5346.8163.0448.9Total

626.4235.5390.926.9134.859.2161.4Did not look for work80.527.952.6*5.215.39.021.31 year and over

117.942.875.17.825.510.429.926 and under 52 weeks147.557.889.78.625.816.936.113 and under 26 weeks176.067.4108.7*4.326.917.156.48 and under 13 weeks210.485.5124.99.334.120.660.44 and under 8 weeks371.1150.5220.616.384.430.083.51 and under 4 weeks

1 022.9403.9619.046.3196.794.8266.2Less than 1 year

PE R S O N S

820.7315.6505.142.7128.588.6236.9Total

282.8111.0171.715.939.030.483.2Did not look for work41.316.724.6**1.27.6*5.310.61 year and over

59.619.040.6*4.611.1*6.517.526 and under 52 weeks75.328.846.6*4.714.07.819.813 and under 26 weeks91.930.261.7*3.113.411.032.58 and under 13 weeks

108.544.364.2*5.813.712.632.04 and under 8 weeks161.365.695.77.429.715.141.41 and under 4 weeks496.7187.9308.825.682.052.9143.2Less than 1 year

FE M A L E S

909.0351.6557.435.8218.374.5212.0Total

343.6124.4219.211.195.828.878.2Did not look for work39.211.327.9*4.17.7*3.710.71 year and over

58.323.734.5*3.314.4*3.912.326 and under 52 weeks72.129.043.1*3.811.89.116.313 and under 26 weeks84.137.147.0**1.213.4*6.123.98 and under 13 weeks

101.941.260.7*3.520.58.028.44 and under 8 weeks209.784.8124.98.954.614.942.11 and under 4 weeks526.2216.0310.220.7114.741.9123.0Less than 1 year

MA L E S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total(b)Certificate

I/II(a)Certificate

III/IV

Advanced

Diploma/Diploma

Bachelor

Degree

or above Total

Without a

non-school

qualification

WITH A NON-SCHOOL QUALIFICATION

Dura t i on of look i n g fo r

wo r k be f o r e cu r r en t job


Durat ion of look ing for work —By leve l of highes t non- schoo l qua l i f i ca t ion —By sex12


** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and isconsidered too unreliable for general use


1 567.796.6201.8318.7436.7292.2221.8Total

657.144.769.6115.4149.1126.2152.1Without paid leave entitlements910.651.9132.1203.3287.6166.069.7With paid leave entitlements

Whether had paid leave entitlements in current job

886.948.9129.7198.2275.5155.878.7Not out of work prior to starting job521.144.366.1113.6142.4105.749.0Out of work prior to starting job

1 408.093.2195.8311.8418.0261.5127.8Had worked before159.7*3.4*6.06.918.730.794.0First job ever held

Whether first job ever held lasting two weeks or more

441.929.964.797.4115.669.065.3Did not have prior knowledge that job was available1 125.866.7137.0221.3321.1223.2156.5Had prior knowledge that current job was available

Whether had prior knowledge that job was available

PE R S O N S

757.843.6100.2159.7194.3141.4118.6Total



416.020.659.891.8116.077.150.7Not out of work prior to starting job267.020.937.064.470.748.925.0Out of work prior to starting job683.041.596.8156.2186.7125.975.8Had worked before

74.8*2.1*3.4*3.57.615.442.9First job ever heldWhether first job ever held lasting two weeks or more

223.714.033.951.355.333.136.2Did not have prior knowledge that job was available534.129.666.3108.4139.0108.382.4Had prior knowledge that current job was available


FE M A L E S

809.853.0101.6159.0242.4150.8103.1Total



470.928.369.9106.5159.578.828.0Not out of work prior to starting job254.123.429.149.171.756.824.0Out of work prior to starting job725.051.799.0155.6231.3135.552.0Had worked before

84.8**1.3*2.6*3.411.115.351.2First job ever heldWhether first job ever held lasting two weeks or more

218.215.930.946.160.335.929.1Did not have prior knowledge that job was available591.737.170.7112.9182.1114.974.0Had prior knowledge that current job was available


MA L E S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

55 and

over45–5435–4425–3420–2415–19 Total

AGE GROUP (YEARS)

EMPLOYEES (EXCLUDING OMIES) WHO STARTED THEIR CURRENT JOB IN THE PREVIOUS 12

MONTHS, Selec ted job charac te r i s t i cs —By age group (years ) —By sex13


(b) Refers to all steps taken to attain a job, not necessarily the current ormain job.

(c) Includes people who were approached by their employer.

(a) Refers to all steps taken to attain a job, therefore people may appearin more than one category.

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0Total

25.825.725.816.715.018.4Did not take steps to attain a job(c)9.410.48.513.614.313.0Other5.04.85.118.818.718.8Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker5.86.35.313.112.613.5Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards

43.046.040.361.363.658.8Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet27.828.926.844.044.443.5Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper

6.96.27.613.714.213.1Checked with other employment agency3.82.84.68.88.09.7Checked with a Job Services Australia provider

10.09.410.617.419.315.4Registered with other employment agency5.44.86.015.115.315.0Registered with a Job Services Australia provider2.02.02.13.84.62.9Advertised or tendered for work

22.719.625.433.628.339.2Contacted friends or relatives64.065.962.470.372.667.7Had an interview with an employer

2.33.11.64.13.84.4Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards33.636.930.750.853.248.2Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet16.916.817.127.526.428.7Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper54.355.952.865.367.463.1Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

PE R S O N S (% )

886.9416.0470.9521.1267.0254.1Total

228.6107.0121.686.840.146.7Did not take steps to attain a job(c)83.343.140.271.138.132.9Other44.019.924.197.850.147.8Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker51.226.324.968.133.834.3Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards

381.0191.3189.7319.3169.8149.5Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet246.3120.1126.3229.1118.6110.5Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper

61.626.035.671.438.033.4Checked with other employment agency33.611.821.846.121.424.6Checked with a Job Services Australia provider89.039.349.790.551.439.0Registered with other employment agency48.019.828.278.740.738.0Registered with a Job Services Australia provider18.18.29.919.612.27.4Advertised or tendered for work


20.412.97.521.310.111.2Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards298.2153.6144.6264.6142.1122.5Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet150.169.780.4143.270.472.8Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper481.2232.4248.7340.3179.9160.4Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

PE R S O N S ( ' 0 0 0 )


HAD WORKED BEFORE AND WAS NOT OUT OF WORK PRIOR TO STARTING JOB

HAD WORKED BEFORE AND WAS OUT OF WORK PRIOR TO STARTING JOB

Al l s teps taken to at t a i n a job (a)(b)


MONTHS, Al l steps taken to atta in a job(a) (b ) —By whether f i r s t job ever held las t ing two

weeks or more

14


(b) Refers to all steps taken to attain a job, not necessarily thecurrent or main job.

(c) Includes people who were approached by their employer.


(a) Refers to all steps taken to attain a job, therefore peoplemay appear in more than one category.

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0Total

22.321.223.321.218.423.6Did not take steps to attain a job(c)11.011.910.111.312.010.6Other10.210.59.810.912.99.2Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker

8.69.18.19.712.1*7.5Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards48.952.145.941.945.638.7Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet33.134.331.926.828.825.0Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper

9.19.19.16.1*6.9*5.5Checked with other employment agency5.54.76.24.3*3.6*4.9Checked with a Job Services Australia provider

12.212.911.67.89.4*6.4Registered with other employment agency8.98.89.08.3*8.38.3Registered with a Job Services Australia provider2.73.02.5*3.3*3.3*3.2Advertised or tendered for work


3.13.62.74.6*5.7*3.7Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards39.142.635.831.435.927.3Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet20.420.120.616.216.715.8Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper58.560.756.459.863.556.6Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

PE R S O N S (% )

1 567.7757.8809.8159.774.884.8Total

349.2160.9188.333.813.720.0Did not take steps to attain a job(c)172.490.382.218.09.09.0Other159.379.679.717.59.67.8Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker134.769.265.615.49.1*6.3Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards767.2395.2372.066.934.132.8Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet518.2260.2258.042.821.521.2Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper142.869.173.79.8*5.1*4.7Checked with other employment agency

86.535.950.66.9*2.7*4.2Checked with a Job Services Australia provider191.997.894.112.57.1*5.4Registered with other employment agency140.066.773.313.3*6.27.1Registered with a Job Services Australia provider

42.922.920.0*5.2*2.5*2.8Advertised or tendered for work425.3179.9245.449.022.826.3Contacted friends or relatives

1 041.1519.4521.7107.151.355.8Had an interview with an employer49.127.321.87.4*4.3*3.1Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards

612.8322.5290.350.126.923.2Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet319.1152.5166.625.812.513.4Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper917.0459.9457.195.547.548.0Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

PE R S O N S ( ' 0 0 0 )


TOTALFIRST JOB EVER HELD

Al l s teps taken to at t a i n a job (a)(b)


MONTHS, Al l steps taken to atta in a job(a) (b ) —By whether f i r s t job ever held las t ing two

weeks or more co n t i n u e d

14



(a) Refers to all steps taken to find work in the previous 12 months, thereforepersons may appear in more than one category.

(b) Includes persons who had started or purchased a business in the last 12 monthsbut had not continued with it.



. . not applicable

282.842.1240.723.947.872.389.449.5Total

42.142.1. .np7.613.59.3npCurrently running a business209.6. .209.614.235.348.768.043.5Had not considered starting or purchasing a business

31.1. .31.1np*4.910.112.1npHad considered starting or purchasing a business(b)Whether considered starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months

250.237.0213.218.741.865.680.443.8Has not registered with a Job Services Australia provider32.6*5.127.5*5.2*6.0*6.78.9*5.7Has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider


46.1*6.040.1*2.6*5.815.216.3*6.2Other34.5*5.728.7*5.8*6.3*5.59.97.0Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker49.58.341.2*4.59.58.313.214.0Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards

230.532.5198.018.439.155.975.841.3Looked at advertisements for jobs on the Internet162.527.9134.616.030.645.647.023.3Looked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaper

61.89.652.28.89.819.316.47.5Checked with other employment agency35.1*4.630.6*6.0*6.2*6.49.27.3Checked with a Job Services Australia provider53.68.545.1*5.3*5.714.519.88.3Registered with other employment agency32.6*5.127.5*5.2*6.0*6.78.9*5.7Registered with a Job Services Australia provider16.57.88.7*2.6*2.4*4.6*5.2*1.7Advertised or tendered for work

111.223.288.011.919.725.433.920.2Contacted friends or relatives155.523.2132.312.621.439.854.727.0Had an interview with an employer

15.8*1.814.0**1.4*3.2**1.5*3.6*6.1Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards170.323.9146.513.629.743.054.929.3Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet

95.317.378.08.717.930.026.712.0Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper207.532.4175.117.434.453.462.439.9Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

All steps taken to find work in the previous 12 months(a)

77.711.366.510.610.919.121.315.8Other49.210.938.3*3.89.08.513.614.3Wanted more hours76.88.468.5*3.215.022.625.910.2Wanted better conditions

119.717.2102.48.018.731.241.820.0Wanted better pay94.3*6.388.0*4.219.827.033.59.7Wanted a change

Reasons for looking for work

79.117.661.59.710.612.619.426.8Part-time workers203.824.5179.314.237.359.769.922.6Full-time workers


MA L E S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Owner

Managers

Employees

(excluding

OMIEs)

55

and

over45–5435–4425–3415–24 Total

EMPLOYMENTTYPE IN MAIN JOBAGE GROUP (YEARS)

PERSONS EMPLOYED FOR MORE THAN A YEAR IN THEIR CURRENT JOB WHO LOOKED FOR

WORK IN THE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS, By selec ted charac te r i s t i cs —By age group (years )

and employment type in main job

15







. . not applicable

261.824.9236.919.047.465.271.858.3Total

24.924.9. .np8.5*6.3*6.2npCurrently running a business205.1. .205.113.134.348.156.353.3Had not considered starting or purchasing a business

31.7. .31.7np*4.710.89.3npHad considered starting or purchasing a business(b)Whether considered starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months

233.423.1210.216.141.758.166.251.4Has not registered with a Job Services Australia provider28.4*1.726.6*2.9*5.87.2*5.67.0Has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider


50.5*5.844.7*3.59.311.716.39.8Other31.1*2.228.9*2.9*5.87.6*6.38.5Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker41.0*5.635.4*2.48.213.98.18.5Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards


36.1**1.634.6*3.56.98.311.9*5.5Checked with other employment agency33.5**1.532.0*3.1*6.77.3*6.010.5Checked with a Job Services Australia provider28.3**1.626.7*3.6*6.2*5.59.4*3.7Registered with other employment agency28.4*1.726.6*2.9*5.87.2*5.67.0Registered with a Job Services Australia provider15.0*3.811.2**1.2*2.3*2.0*4.7*4.8Advertised or tendered for work83.3*6.876.5*3.512.422.222.722.5Contacted friends or relatives

140.513.2127.39.524.628.640.137.7Had an interview with an employer12.7**1.511.3**0.7*3.3*2.3*2.6*3.8Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards

154.314.5139.88.026.531.747.740.3Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet95.510.085.69.222.223.516.823.9Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper

204.420.9183.515.136.547.257.448.2Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for workAll steps taken to find work in the previous 12 months(a)

67.6*5.062.76.911.715.819.114.3Other66.68.757.9*3.911.018.214.119.4Wanted more hours63.1*2.360.7*3.69.814.919.415.3Wanted better conditions86.47.778.7*4.512.617.324.727.4Wanted better pay98.3*6.691.6*6.317.026.829.019.2Wanted a change


134.018.3115.711.225.635.225.136.9Part-time workers127.8*6.6121.27.821.830.046.721.4Full-time workers


FE M A L E S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Owner

Managers

Employees

(excluding

OMIEs)

55

and

over45–5435–4425–3415–24 Total




and employment type in main job co n t i n u e d

15





. . not applicable

544.667.0477.642.995.3137.5161.2107.8Total

67.067.0. .11.816.119.815.5*3.8Currently running a business414.8. .414.827.369.696.8124.396.8Had not considered starting or purchasing a business

62.9. .62.9*3.89.621.021.47.1Had considered starting or purchasing a business(b)Whether considered starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months

483.660.2423.534.883.5123.6146.695.1Has not registered with a Job Services Australia provider61.0*6.854.28.111.813.914.612.6Has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider


96.711.884.9*6.115.226.932.616.0Other65.57.957.68.712.113.116.215.4Registered with Centrelink as a job seeker90.513.976.66.917.622.221.322.5Looked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboards


97.911.286.712.316.727.628.313.1Checked with other employment agency68.6*6.062.69.112.913.715.217.8Checked with a Job Services Australia provider81.910.171.88.911.920.029.212.0Registered with other employment agency61.0*6.854.28.111.813.914.612.6Registered with a Job Services Australia provider31.511.719.9*3.9*4.6*6.69.9*6.5Advertised or tendered for work

194.530.0164.515.532.147.656.742.7Contacted friends or relatives296.036.4259.622.146.068.494.864.7Had an interview with an employer

28.5*3.225.3*2.2*6.5*3.8*6.29.9Answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards324.638.4286.221.656.274.6102.669.6Answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet190.827.3163.517.940.153.543.535.8Answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper411.953.3358.632.570.9100.6119.888.1Wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

All steps taken to find work in the previous 12 months(a)

145.416.3129.117.422.634.940.430.0Other115.819.696.37.620.026.727.733.7Wanted more hours139.910.7129.2*6.824.937.545.225.4Wanted better conditions206.124.9181.212.431.348.566.547.4Wanted better pay192.512.9179.610.536.853.862.528.9Wanted a change


213.135.9177.220.936.247.844.563.8Part-time workers331.531.1300.522.059.189.7116.744.0Full-time workers


PE R S O N S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Owner

Managers

Employees

(excluding

OMIEs)

55

and

over45–5435–4425–3415–24 Total




and employment type in main job co n t i n u e d

15


— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should beused with caution

544.612.03.511.959.242.7118.2130.1167.1Persons employed for more than a year in their current job

who looked for work in the previous 12 months

Population 5

162.1*1.21.74.319.510.931.744.448.4Owner Managers who started their current business in the

previous 12 months

Population 4

1 567.734.220.528.3183.798.3339.9401.4461.4Employees (excluding OMIEs) who started their current job

in the previous 12 months

Population 3

1 729.835.522.232.6203.2109.2371.6445.8509.8Employed persons who started their current job in the

previous 12 months

Population 2

572.27.43.812.349.740.6127.0147.8183.8Unemployed personsPopulation 1

PE R S O N S



Population 5

62.9—*0.61.86.84.614.314.320.4Owner Managers who started their current business in the

previous 12 months

Population 4

757.816.910.313.589.147.8152.8191.3236.1Employees (excluding OMIEs) who started their current job


Population 3

820.716.911.015.396.052.5167.1205.6256.5Employed persons who started their current job in the

previous 12 months

Population 2


FE M A L E S



Population 5

99.2*1.2*1.12.412.76.317.430.128.0Owner Managers who started their current business in the

previous 12 months

Population 4

809.817.410.114.994.650.4187.1210.1225.3Employees (excluding OMIEs) who started their current job


Population 3

909.018.611.217.3107.356.7204.5240.2253.3Employed persons who started their current job in the

previous 12 months

Population 2


MA L E S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Aust.ACTNTTas.WASAQldVic.NSW

POPULAT IONS, State or ter r i to r y of usua l res idence —By sex16


11 Supplementary surveys are not conducted on the full LFS sample. Since

August 1994, the sample for supplementary surveys has been restricted to no more than

seven-eighths of the LFS sample.

12 The initial sample for the July 2011 LFS consisted of 36,275 private dwelling

households and special dwelling units. Of the 29,188 private dwelling households and

special dwelling units that remained in the survey after sample loss (e.g. households

selected in the survey which had no residents in scope for the LFS, vacant or derelict

dwellings and dwellings under construction), approximately 27,689 or 95.2% were fully

responding to the Job Search Experience Survey. The number of completed interviews

SA M P L E S I Z E

10 The estimates in this publication relate to people covered by the survey

in July 2011. In the LFS, coverage rules are applied which aim to ensure that each person

is associated with only one dwelling, and hence has only one chance of selection in the

survey. See Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) for more details.

CO V E R A G E

5 The scope of the LFS is restricted to people aged 15 years and over and excludes the

following people:

! members of the permanent defence forces;

! certain diplomatic personnel of overseas governments, customarily excluded from

the Census and estimated populations;

! overseas residents in Australia; and

! members of non-Australian defence forces (and their dependants).

6 Students at boarding schools, patients in hospitals, residents of homes

(e.g. retirement homes, homes for people with disabilities), and inmates of prisons are

excluded from all supplementary surveys.

7 This supplementary survey was conducted in both urban and rural areas in all states

and territories, but excluded people living in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

communities in very remote parts of Australia.

8 In addition to those already excluded from the LFS, single job holders who were

contributing family workers are excluded from this survey.

9 The survey relates to people who were unemployed in July 2011, persons employed

in July 2011 who started their current job in the previous 12 months and persons

employed for more than a year who looked for work in the previous 12 months.

SC O P E

3 The conceptual framework used in Australia's LFS aligns closely with the standards

and guidelines set out in Resolutions of the International Conference of Labour

Statisticians.

4 Descriptions of the underlying concepts and structure of Australia's labour force

statistics, and the sources and methods used in compiling these estimates, are presented

in Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 6102.0.55.001).

CO N C E P T S , SO U R C E S AN D

ME T H O D S

1 The statistics in this publication were compiled from data collected in the Job Search

Experience Survey (JSE), conducted throughout Australia in July 2011 as a supplement to

the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) monthly Labour Force Survey (LFS).

Respondents to the LFS who fell within the scope of the supplementary survey were

asked further questions.

2 The publication Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) contains information about

survey design, sample redesign, scope, coverage and population benchmarks relevant to

the monthly LFS, which also apply to supplementary surveys. The publication Labour

Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) also contains definitions of demographic and labour

force characteristics, and information about telephone interviewing which are relevant to

both the monthly LFS and supplementary surveys.

I N T R O D U C T I O N


E X P L A N A T O R Y N O T E S

22 From July 2004, a change has been made to the category 'considered too young or

too old by employers' for the data items 'all difficulties in finding work' and 'main

difficulty in finding work'. The category has been split into 'considered too young by

employers' and 'considered too old by employers'. Data for 'considered too young by

employers' are not published separately in all relevant tables, but are available on

request.

CO M P A R A B I L I T Y W I T H

PR E V I O U S SU R V E Y S

21 Due to differences in the scope and sample size of this supplementary survey and

that of the monthly LFS, the estimation procedure may lead to some small variations

between labour force estimates from this survey and those from the LFS.


MO N T H L Y LF S ST A T I S T I C S

20 The Labour Force Survey estimates, and estimates from the supplementary surveys,

are calculated in such a way as to sum to independent estimates of the civilian

population aged 15 years and over (population benchmarks). These population

benchmarks are based on Estimated Resident Population (ERP) data. Generally, revisions

are made to population benchmarks after each five-yearly Census of Population and

Housing (Census), however revisions were made to the population benchmarks from

July 2010, including those used for the 2011 Job Search Experience Survey, to reflect

revisions to ERP. For more details on population benchmarks, see the Explanatory Notes

in Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0). and for details about the revisions made,

see the article in the September 2010 issue of Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0).

CO M P A R A B I L I T Y OF T I M E

SE R I E S

19 Employees are classified as 'with paid leave entitlements' if they said 'yes' to either

of the following questions:

! 'Does your employer provide you with paid sick leave?'

! 'Does your employer provide you with paid holiday leave?'

In all other cases, employees are categorised as 'without paid leave entitlements'.

NO T E S ON ES T I M A T E S

15 Country of birth data are classified according to the Standard Australian

Classification of Countries (SACC), Second Edition (cat. no. 1269.0).

16 Occupation data are classified according to ANZSCO—Australian and New

Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1, 2009

(cat. no. 1220.0).

17 Industry data are classified according to the Australian and New Zealand

Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0).

18 Educational attainment data are classified according to the Australian Standard

Classification of Education (ASCED) (cat. no. 1272.0). See Appendix 2 for further

information.

CL A S S I F I C A T I O N S US E D

14 The estimates are based on information collected in the survey month and, due to

seasonal factors, may not be representative of other months of the year.

SE A S O N A L FA C T O R S

13 Estimates in this publication are subject to sampling and non-sampling errors:

! Sampling error is the difference between the published estimate and the value that

would have been produced if all dwellings had been included in the survey. For

more information see the Technical Note.

! Non-sampling errors are inaccuracies that occur because of imperfections in

reporting by respondents and interviewers, and errors made in coding and

processing data. These inaccuracies may occur in any enumeration, whether it be a

full count or a sample. Every effort is made to reduce the non-sampling error to a

minimum by careful design of questionnaires, intensive training and supervision of

interviewers and effective processing procedures.

RE L I A B I L I T Y OF TH E

ES T I M A T E S

obtained from these private dwellings and special dwelling units (after taking into

account scope, coverage and sub-sampling exclusions) was 7,194.

SA M P L E S I Z E continued


E X P L A N A T O R Y N O T E S continued

28 ABS publications which may also be of interest include:

! Australian Labour Market Statistics (cat. no. 6105.0);

! Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0);

! Labour Force Experience, Australia (cat. no. 6206.0);

! Labour Mobility, Australia (cat. no. 6209.0);

! Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 6102.0.55.001);

! Persons Not in the Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6220.0); and

! Underemployed Workers, Australia (cat. no. 6265.0).

29 Current publications and other products released by the ABS are available from the

Statistics Page on the ABS website. The ABS also issues a daily Release Advice on the

website which details products to be released in the week ahead.

RE L A T E D PU B L I C A T I O N S

27 ABS publications draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals,

businesses, governments and other organisations. Their continued cooperation is very

much appreciated: without it, the wide range of statistics published by the ABS would

not be available. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as

required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905.

AC K N O W L E D G M E N T

26 The ABS plans to conduct this survey again in July 2012.NE X T SU R V E Y

25 JSE was first conducted in July 2002. Results of similar surveys on the job search

experience of unemployed people conducted in July 1984, July 1985, June 1986,

July 1988, July 1990, June 1991, and annually from July 1992 to July 2001 were published

in various issues of Job Search Experience of Unemployed Persons, Australia

(cat. no. 6222.0). Information on people who had started work for an employer for

wages or salary during the 12 months up to the end of the reference week was collected

in June 1986, and two-yearly from July 1990 to July 2000 and was published in Successful

and Unsuccessful Job Search Experience, Australia (cat. no. 6245.0).

PR E V I O U S SU R V E Y S

23 The JSE supplementary survey was redesigned in 2011 to broaden the scope of

existing JSE populations and to introduce two new populations. In conjunction with

these changes, a number of new data items are now presented in this publication and/or

available on request.

24 The changes have resulted in a break in series across all populations and users need

to exercise caution when comparing data in the 2011 publication with previous releases.

For more information, refer to Appendix 1.


PR E V I O U S SU R V E Y S continued


E X P L A N A T O R Y N O T E S continued

Prior to July 2011, the following persons were included in the JSE survey:

! persons who started working in a new job/business, were still working in the most

recently started job at the time of interview and changed employer to start that job;

and

! unemployed persons.

From July 2011, in addition to the current LFS and JSE survey exclusions:

! single jobholders who were contributing family workers in their current job are

excluded from the survey;

! persons who were employed for more than a year in their current job and were

looking for work during the previous 12 months are included in the survey; and

! future job starters (who did not look for work) are included in the survey (estimated

at 4,700 persons in 2011).

As a result of these changes, there are increases to the populations of JSE. The following

tables show a comparison between the newly derived JSE populations and previous JSE

(prior to July 2011) populations using 2011 data.

CH A N G E S IN SC O P E

The July 2011 Job Search Experience Survey (JSE) was redeveloped to capture more

information on a person's experience in looking for work. This relates to unemployed

persons, persons who had been employed for more than a year in their current job, as

well as owner managers and their reasons for starting/purchasing a business.

This change has resulted in a break in series for all current population groups:

! Unemployed persons;

! Employed persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months; and

! Employees (excluding owner managers of incorporated enterprises) who started

their current job in the previous 12 months.

The redevelopment also introduces two new population groups:

! Owner managers who started their current business in the previous 12 months; and

! Persons employed for more than a year in their current job who looked for work in

the previous 12 months.

Users need to exercise care when comparing data about current populations in the 2011

publication with previous releases as data about these population groups have changed.

OV E R V I E W


A P P E N D I X 1 J O B S E A R C H EX P E R I E N C E S U R V E Y RE D E S I G N

(a) Old derivation method(b) New derivation method

100.01 418.5100.01 620.3100.01 729.8Total

13.0184.613.1211.612.7220.2Labourers6.897.06.6107.36.4111.0Machinery pperators and drivers

13.5191.512.7205.312.3212.9Sales workers15.2215.416.5267.516.4283.4Clerical and administrative workers11.8167.010.8174.411.3194.6Community and personal service workers14.4204.914.5235.414.1243.8Technicians and trades workers17.3245.317.8288.418.5320.0Professionals

7.9112.78.0130.38.3143.9ManagersOccupation of current job

2.231.72.134.12.135.5Australian Capital Territory1.217.11.321.21.322.2Northern Territory2.130.41.930.41.932.6Tasmania

12.7180.511.7190.011.7203.2Western Australia7.098.66.3101.76.3109.2South Australia

21.9310.221.7352.021.5371.6Queensland25.8366.325.8417.725.8445.8Victoria27.0383.629.2473.229.5509.8New South Wales

State

48.4686.346.5753.847.4820.7Females51.6732.153.5866.552.6909.0Males

Sex%000%000%000

Population 2

prior to July

2011(a)Population 2

July 2011(b)Population 2

July 2010(a)

2011 DATA

POPULAT ION 2, Employed persons who star ted the i r cur ren t job in theprev ious 12 months

CH A N G E S IN SC O P E continued


A P P E N D I X 1 J O B S E A R C H EX P E R I E N C E S U R V E Y RE D E S I G N continued

(a) Old derivation method(b) New derivation method

100.01 277.8100.01 470.9100.01 567.7Total

13.4171.113.1193.012.8201.3Labourers7.190.97.0103.26.8106.0Machinery operators and drivers

14.1180.013.3196.413.0203.1Sales workers15.9203.017.3254.217.1268.8Clerical and administrative workers12.3157.111.1163.811.7183.9Community and personal service workers14.1180.314.1207.913.7215.1Technicians and trades workers16.6212.517.2253.717.9280.0Professionals

6.582.96.798.97.0109.4ManagersOccupation of current job

2.430.12.232.82.234.2Australian Capital Territory1.316.11.319.61.320.5Northern Territory2.126.41.826.21.828.3Tasmania

12.7162.611.8173.011.7183.7Western Australia6.886.76.392.36.398.3South Australia

22.0280.721.8321.121.7339.9Queensland26.3335.625.5375.725.6401.4Victoria26.6339.629.2430.129.4461.4New South Wales

State

49.4631.547.4697.048.3757.8Females50.6646.252.6773.951.7809.8Males

Sex%'000%'000%'000

Population 3

prior to July

2011(a)Population 3

July 2011(b)Population 3

July 2010(a)

2011 DATA

POPULAT ION 3, Employees (exc lud ing OMIEs) who star ted the i rcur ren t job in the prev ious 12 months

CH A N G E S IN SC O P E continued



The data item 'Whether first job ever held lasting two weeks or more' has been amended

to include the population of owner managers.

Persons who had been unemployed for one year or less were asked questions about time

spent looking for work. Previously this was not the case. As a result of this change the

data item 'Time spent looking for work in the previous 12 months' has changed.

CH A N G E S TO DA T A I T E M S

As a result of the redevelopment, the following data items are included in the JSE 2011

publication:

! Whether turned down job offers (in current period of unemployment);

! Reasons for turning down job offers (in current period of unemployment);

! Main reason for turning down job offers (in current period of unemployment);

! Whether considered starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months;

! Reasons for not starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months;

! Whether started or purchased a business;

! Reasons for starting or purchasing a business;

! Main reason for starting or purchasing a business;

! All steps taken to find work in the previous 12 months;

! Reasons for looking for other work while still employed;

! All difficulties in getting another job; and

! Main difficulty in getting another job.

NE W DA T A I T E M S



The decision table is also used to rank the information provided in a survey about the

qualifications and attainments of a single individual. It does not represent any basis for

comparison between differing qualifications. For example, a person whose Highest Year

of School Completed was Year 12, and whose Level of Highest Non-school Qualification

was a Certificate III, would have those responses crosschecked on the decision table and

would as a result have their Level of Highest Educational Attainment output as

Year 7 (624) Certificate IV Certificate III Certificate I or II Certificate II Certificate I

Certificate I

Certificate I

Year 10

Certificate I

Year 11

Year 12

Senior

Certificate I

Certificaten.f.d. (500)

Certificate IIIor IV n.f.d.

(510)

Certificate IV(511)

Certificate III(514)

Certificate Ior II n.f.d.

(520)

Certificate II(521)

Certificate I(524)

SecondaryEducation n.f.d.

(600)

Certificaten.f.d.

Certificate III or Certificate IV Certificate III Certificate orI IIn.f.d.

Certificate II

Senior SecondaryEducation n.f.d.

(610)

SeniorSecondary

n.f.d.

Certificate III orIV n.f.d.

Certificate IV Certificate III SeniorSecondary

n.f.d.

Senior

Year 12 (611) Year 12 Certificate III orIV n.f.d.

Certificate IV Certificate III Year 12 Year 12

Year 11 (613) Year 11 Year 11Year 11Certificate III or

Certificate III or

Certificate III or

Certificate III or

Certificate III or

Certificate III or

IV n.f.d.

IV n.f.d.

IV n.f.d.

IV n.f.d.

IV n.f.d.

IV n.f.d.

Certificate IV Certificate III

Junior SecondaryEducation n.f.d.

(620)

Certificaten.f.d.

Certificate IV

Certificate IV

Certificate IV

Certificate IV

Certificate III

Certificate III

Certificate III

Certificate III

Certificate II

Certificate II

Certificate II

Certificate II

Certificate I or II

Year 10 (621) Year 10

Certificaten.f.d.

Certificaten.f.d.

Certificaten.f.d.

Certificate I or II

Certificate I or II

Year 10

Year 9 (622)

Year 8 (623)

Decision Table: Level of Highest Educational Attainment

ASCED LEVELOF EDUCATION

CODES

Secondaryn.f.d.

Secondaryn.f.d.

n.f.d.

n.f.d.

n.f.d.

n.f.d.

In 2001, the ABS Classification of Qualifications (ABSCQ) (cat. no. 1262.0) was replaced

by the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED) (cat. no. 1272.0). The

ASCED is a national standard classification which can be applied to all sectors of the

Australian education system including schools, vocational education and training and

higher education. ASCED replaces a number of classifications previously used in

administrative and statistical systems, including the ABSCQ. The ASCED comprises two

classifications: Level of Education and Field of Education.

Level of Highest Educational Attainment can be derived from information on Highest

Year of School Completed and Level of Highest Non-school Qualification. The derivation

process determines which of the 'non-school' or 'school' attainments will be regarded as

the highest. Usually the higher ranking attainment will be self-evident, but in some cases

some Secondary Education is regarded, for the purposes of obtaining a single measure,

as higher than some Certificate level attainments.

The following decision table is used to determine which of the responses to questions

on Highest Year of School Completed (coded to ASCED Broad Level 6) and Level of

Highest Non-school Qualification (coded to ASCED Broad Level 5) will be regarded as

the highest. It is emphasised that this table was designed for the purpose of obtaining a

single value for the output variable Level of Highest Educational Attainment and is not

intended to convey any other ordinality.

CL A S S I F I C A T I O N OF

ED U C A T I O N


A P P E N D I X 2 C L A S S I F I C A T I O N O F ED U C A T I O N

Certificate III. However, if the same person answered 'Certificate' to the highest

non-school qualification question, without offering any further detail, it would be

crosschecked against Year 12 on the decision table as 'Certificate not further defined'.

The output would then be 'Year 12'. The decision table, therefore, does not necessarily

imply that one qualification is 'higher' than the other.

CL A S S I F I C A T I O N OF

ED U C A T I O N continued


A P P E N D I X 2 CL A S S I F I C A T I O N O F ED U C A T I O N continued

Persons employed for more than a year in their current job who looked for work in the

previous 12 months.

Populat ion 5

Owner managers who started their current business in the previous 12 months.Populat ion 4

Employees (excluding owner managers of incorporated enterprises) who started their

current job in the previous 12 months.

Populat ion 3

Employed persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months.Populat ion 2

Unemployed persons.Populat ion 1

The ABS has a range of data available on request from the Job Search Experience Survey.

This section lists the data items and populations which relate to the survey. More

detailed breakdowns of some data items are also available on request.

The population(s) for a particular data item refers to the people in the survey to whom

the data relates. Where alternative output categories are available for the same data item,

these are shown and the data item name is followed by a bracketed numeral

(e.g. Country of birth (2)).

For more information about ABS data available on request, contact Client Services

Section in Canberra on (02) 6252 7400, or via email to

<[email protected]>.

DA T A AV A I L A B L E ON

RE Q U E S T


A P P E N D I X 3 PO P U L A T I O N S A N D DA T A I T E M S L I S T

Born in other than main English-speaking countriesBorn in main English-speaking countries

Born overseasBorn in Australia

AllCountry of birth (1)7B

Arrived 2001 to survey dateArrived 1991–2000Arrived 1981–1990Arrived 1971–1980Arrived before 1971


AllCountry of birth and period of arrival7A

Relationship not determined

Not living aloneLone person

Non-family member

Other related individualNon-dependent childDependent student

Without dependantsWith dependants

Lone parent

Without dependantsWith dependants

Husband, wife or partnerFamily member

AllRelationship in household6

Not marriedMarried

AllMarital status5

FemalesMales

AllSex4

Standard labour force dissemination regions

AllRegion of usual residence3

Balance of state/territoryState capital city

AllArea of usual residence2

Australian Capital TerritoryNorthern TerritoryTasmaniaWestern AustraliaSouth AustraliaQueenslandVictoriaNew South Wales

AllState or territory of usual residence1

PopulationsData i t ems


A P P E N D I X 3 PO P U L A T I O N S A N D DA T A I T E M S L I S T continued

No educational attainmentLevel not determinedOther educationYear 10 or belowYear 11Year 12Certificate not further definedCertificate I/IICertificate III/IVAdvanced Diploma/DiplomaBachelor DegreeGraduate Diploma/Graduate CertificatePostgraduate Degree

1,2,3,4Level of highest educational attainment10

Did not have children under 15 years

6 or more children5 children4 children3 children2 children1 child

Had children under 15 years

AllNumber of children in family aged under 15 years9

Note: Age collected in single years.65 and over60–6455–5945–5435–4425–3420–2415–19

AllAge group (years)8

Sub-Saharan AfricaAmericasSouthern and Central AsiaNorth-East AsiaSouth-East AsiaNorth Africa and the Middle EastSouthern and Eastern EuropeNorth-West EuropeOceania and Antarctica


AllCountry of birth (2)7C




Three or moreTwoOneNone

1,2,3,4Number of jobs lasting two weeks or more started in the previous 12 months14B


1,2,3,4Number of jobs started in the previous 12 months14A

Without a non-school qualification

Qualification obtained in AustraliaQualification obtained overseas

With a non-school qualificationBorn overseasBorn in Australia

1,2,3,4Highest non-school qualification and whether qualification obtained overseas or within Australia13

Never attended schoolYear 8 or belowYear 9Year 10Year 11Year 12

1,2,3,4Highest year of school completed12

Without a non-school qualification

Level not determinedCertificate not further definedCertificate I/IICertificate III/IVAdvanced Diploma/DiplomaBachelor DegreeGraduate Diploma/Graduate CertificatePostgraduate Degree

With a non-school qualification

1,2,3,4Level of highest non-school qualification11




Has not been registered with Centrelink as a job seekerHas been registered with Centrelink as a job seeker

1Whether has been registered with Centrelink as a job seeker19

2 years and over1 and under 2 years

1 year and over

39 and under 52 weeks26 and under 39 weeks13 and under 26 weeks8 and under 13 weeks4 and under 8 weeks1 and under 4 weeks

Under 1 year

1Duration of current period of unemployment18

Note: Collected in single hours.Did not know49 or more45–4841–444035–3930–3416–291–15

1Preferred number of hours17

Looked for part-time workLooked for full-time work

1Whether looked for full-time or part-time work16

Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.Did not take steps to find work/attain a jobOtherRegistered with Centrelink as a job seekerLooked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboardsLooked at advertisements for jobs on the InternetLooked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaperChecked with other employment agencyChecked with a Job Services Australia providerRegistered with other employment agencyRegistered with a Job Services Australia providerAdvertised or tendered for workContacted friends or relativesHad an interviewAnswered an advertisement for a job on noticeboardsAnswered an advertisement for a job on the InternetAnswered an advertisement for a job in a newspaperWrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

1,3,5All steps taken to find work/attain a job15





1Number of offers of employment in the current period of unemployment21A

Has not been registered with a Job Services Australia providerHas been registered with a Job Services Australia provider

AllWhether has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider20D

Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.Has not been registered with a Job Services Australia provider

Took no active stepsAdvertised or tendered for workContacted friends or relativesAnswered an advertisement for a job on noticeboardsHad an interviewAnswered an advertisement for a job on the InternetAnswered an advertisement for a job in a newspaperWrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

Has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider

1Active steps taken to find work and whether has been registered with a Job Services Australia provider20C

Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.Took no active stepsRegistered with other employment agencyRegistered with a Job Services Australia providerAdvertised or tendered for workContacted friends or relativesHad an interviewAnswered an advertisement for a job on noticeboardsAnswered an advertisement for a job on the InternetAnswered an advertisement for a job in a newspaperWrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

1Active steps taken to find work20B

Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.Did not take steps to find workOtherRegistered with Centrelink as a job seekerLooked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboardsLooked at advertisements for jobs on the InternetLooked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaperChecked with other employment agencyChecked with a Job Services Australia providerRegistered with other employment agencyRegistered with a Job Services Australia providerAdvertised or tendered for workContacted friends or relativesHad an interviewAnswered an advertisement for a job on noticeboardsAnswered an advertisement for a job on the InternetAnswered an advertisement for a job in a newspaperWrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

1All steps taken to find work20A




Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.No feed back from employersNo difficulties at allOther difficultiesDifficulties because of ethnic backgroundOther family responsibilitiesDifficulties with finding child careUnsuitable hoursLanguage difficultiesOwn ill health or disabilityToo far to travel/transport problemsNo vacancies in line of workNo vacancies at allInsufficient work experienceConsidered too old by employersConsidered too young by employersLacked necessary skills or educationToo many applicants for available jobs

1All difficulties in finding work22A

Had not received offersHad not turned down offersOtherFamily reasonsPersonal reasons

Other unsuitable job conditionsHours unsuitableUnsatisfactory pay/conditions

Unsuitable job conditions

1Main reason for turning down job offers (in current period of unemployment)21D

Had not received offersHad not turned down offersOtherFamily reasonsPersonal reasons

Other unsuitable job conditionsHours unsuitableUnsatisfactory pay/conditions

Unsuitable job conditions

1Reasons for turning down job offers (in current period of unemployment)21C

Had not received offersHad not turned down offersTurned down offers

1Whether turned down job offers (in current period of unemployment)21B




Had never workedLast job 2 or more years ago

Unpaid voluntary workersContributing family workersOwn account workersEmployersEmployees (including OMIEs)

Last job less than 2 years ago

1Status in employment of last job26

Had never worked

Last job 2 years or more agoLast job less than 2 years ago

Had previously worked

1Whether had ever worked for two weeks or more25

52 weeks39 and under 52 weeks26 and under 39 weeks13 and under 26 weeks8 and under 13 weeks4 and under 8 weeks2 and under 4 weeks1 and under 2 weeks

1Time spent looking for work in the previous 12 months24

Did not look for workThree or moreTwoOne

1Number of spells of looking for work in the previous 12 months23

No difficulties at allOther difficultiesNo feedback from employersDifficulties because of ethnic backgroundOther family responsibilitiesDifficulties with finding child careUnsuitable hoursLanguage difficultiesOwn ill health or disabilityToo far to travel/transport problemsNo vacancies in line of workNo vacancies at allInsufficient work experienceConsidered too old by employersConsidered too young by employersLacked necessary skills or educationToo many applicants for available jobs

1Main difficulty in finding work22B




Had never workedWorked part-timeWorked full-time

1Whether worked full-time or part-time in last job29


Other servicesArts and recreation servicesHealth care and social assistanceEducation and trainingPublic administration and safetyAdministrative and support servicesProfessional, scientific and technical servicesRental, hiring and real estate servicesFinancial and insurance servicesInformation media and telecommunicationsTransport, postal and warehousingAccommodation and food servicesRetail tradeWholesale tradeConstructionElectricity, gas, water and waste servicesManufacturingMiningAgriculture, forestry and fishing


1Industry of last job28


Unpaid voluntary workersLabourersMachinery operators and driversSales workersClerical and administrative workersCommunity and personal service workersTechnicians and trades workersProfessionalsManagers


1Occupation of last job27




Owner managers of unincorporated enterprisesOwner managers of incorporated enterprises

Without paid leave entitlementsWith paid leave entitlements

Employees (excluding OMIEs)

2,3,4Employment type in current job35

Contributing family workersOwner managers of unincorporated enterprisesOwner managers of incorporated enterprisesEmployees (excluding OMIEs)

2,3,4,5Employment type in main job34

Own account workersEmployersEmployees (including OMIEs)

2,3,4Status in employment in current job33

Did not have a job to go toHad a job to go to

1Whether had job to go to lasting two weeks or more32


Unpaid voluntary worker

OtherHoliday job/returned to studiesUnsatisfactory work arrangements

Left a job

Own business closed down for economic reasonsOwn ill health or disabilityJob was temporary or seasonalLaid off or retrenched

Lost a jobLast job less than 2 years ago

1Reason for ceasing last job31

Had never workedUnpaid voluntary workerLast job 2 or more years ago

5 years and over2 and under 5 years1 and under 2 years

26 and under 52 weeks8 and under 26 weeks4 and under 8 weeks2 and under 4 weeks

Less than 1 yearLast job less than 2 years ago

1Duration of last job30




Did not knowNot entitled to paid sick leaveEntitled to paid sick leave

3Whether entitled to paid sick leave in current job42

Without paid leave entitlementsWith paid leave entitlements

3Whether had paid leave entitlements in current job41

Usually worked full-time hours

Did not knowDid not prefer to work more hoursPreferred to work more hours

Usually worked part-time hours

2,3,4Whether preferred to work more hours than usually worked40

Part-time workersFull-time workers

2,3,4,5Full-time or part-time status of current employment39

LabourersMachinery operators and driversSales workersClerical and administrative workersCommunity and personal service workersTechnicians and trades workersProfessionalsManagers

2,3,4Occupation of current job38

Note: Available in single weeks/years.Did not look for work5 years and over2 and under 5 years1 and under 2 years

26 and under 52 weeks13 and under 26 weeks8 and under 13 weeks4 and under 8 weeks1 and under 4 weeks

Less than 1 year

2,3,4Duration of looking for work before current job37

July 2011June 2011May 2011April 2011March 2011February 2011January 2011December 2010November 2010October 2010September 2010August 2010July 2010

2,3,4Month started current job36




Did not use Job Services Australia in job attainmentDid not knowJob Services Australia did not help job seeker to obtain job in any wayJob Services Australia helped job seeker to obtain job in some way

3Role of Job Services Australia in job attainment48

Did not have prior knowledge that job was available

Other sourcesFriends, relatives or company contactsAdvertisements on noticeboardsAdvertisements on the InternetAdvertisements in a newspaperCareers service at educational institutionSchool programsOther employment agencyJob Services Australia provider

Had prior knowledge that job or work was available

3Whether had prior knowledge that current job was available47

Employer approached job seekerJob seeker approached employer

3Whether job seeker approached employer46

Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.Did not take steps to attain a jobOtherRegistered with Centrelink as a job seekerLooked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboardsLooked at advertisements for jobs on the InternetLooked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaperChecked with other employment agencyChecked with a Job Services Australia providerRegistered with other employment agencyRegistered with a Job Services Australia providerAdvertised or tendered for workContacted friends or relativesHad an interviewAnswered an advertisement for a job on noticeboardsAnswered an advertisement for a job on the InternetAnswered an advertisement for a job in a newspaperWrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

3All steps taken to attain a job45

Not out of work prior to starting jobOut of work prior to starting job

Had worked beforeFirst job ever held

2,3,4Whether first job ever held lasting two weeks or more44

Did not knowNot entitled to paid holiday leaveEntitled to paid holiday leave

3Whether entitled to paid holiday leave in current job43




Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.OtherRegistered with Centrelink as a job seekerLooked at advertisements for jobs on noticeboardsLooked at advertisements for jobs on the InternetLooked at advertisements for jobs in a newspaperChecked with other employment agencyChecked with a Job Services Australia providerRegistered with other employment agencyRegistered with a Job Services Australia providerAdvertised or tendered for workContacted friends or relativesHad an interviewAnswered an advertisement for a job on noticeboardsAnswered an advertisement for a job on the InternetAnswered an advertisement for a job in a newspaperWrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work

5All steps taken to find work in the previous 12 months53

OtherControl over working conditionsFinancial gainTo employ family membersRequired/necessary for type of workWanted to be own bossCould not find a suitable job with an employer

4Main reason for starting or purchasing a business52A

Other reasonsControl over working conditionsFinancial gainTo employ family membersRequired/necessary for type of workWanted to be own bossCould not find a suitable job with an employer

4Reasons for starting or purchasing a business52

OtherBothPurchased a businessStarted up a business

4Whether started or purchased a business51

Had not considered starting or purchasing a businessCurrently running a businessHad started a businessOtherLack of opportunity (market strength, etc)Lack of experience or skillsLack of finance

1,3,5Reasons for not starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months50

Currently running a businessHad started a businessHad not considered starting or purchasing a businessHad considered starting or purchasing a business

1,3,5Whether considered starting or purchasing a business in the last 12 months49




No difficulties at allOther difficultiesNo feedback from employersDifficulties because of ethnic backgroundOther family responsibilitiesDifficulties with finding child careUnsuitable hoursLanguage difficultiesOwn ill health or disabilityToo far to travel/transport problemsNo vacancies in line of workNo vacancies at allInsufficient work experienceConsidered too old by employersConsidered too young by employersLacked necessary skills or educationToo many applicants for available jobs

5Main difficulty in getting another job55B

Note: Multiple response category. People may appear in more than one category.No feed back from employersNo difficulties at allOther difficultiesDifficulties because of ethnic backgroundOther family responsibilitiesDifficulties with finding child careUnsuitable hoursLanguage difficultiesOwn ill health or disabilityToo far to travel/transport problemsNo vacancies in line of workNo vacancies at allInsufficient work experienceConsidered too old by employersConsidered too young by employersLacked necessary skills or educationToo many applicants for available jobs

5All difficulties in getting another job55A

OtherWanted more hoursWanted better conditionsWanted better payWanted a change

5Reasons for looking for other work while still employed54




(b) Latest data available on request July 2001.(c) This product replaces the publication Working

Arrangements, Australia (cat. no. 6342.0).

(a) This product replaces the publication Labour ForceStatus and Other Characteristics of Migrants, Australia(cat. no. 6250.0).

2009–2010Irregular 6324.0Work-Related Injuries, Australia2010–2011Biennial 6238.0Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia2010–2011Biennial 6239.0Barriers and Incentives to Labour Force Participation, Australia

Multi-Purpose Household Surveys

November 2009Irregular 6342.0Working Time Arrangements, Australia(c)September 2010Annual 6265.0Underemployed Workers, AustraliaSeptember 2010Annual 6220.0Persons Not in the Labour Force, Australia

August 1997Irregular 6216.0Multiple Jobholding, Australia(b)November 2008Irregular 6275.0Locations of Work, Australia

February 2010Biennial 6209.0Labour Mobility, AustraliaNovember 2010Irregular 6250.0Characteristics of Recent Migrants, Australia(a)

February 2011Biennial 6206.0Labour Force Experience, AustraliaJuly 2011Annual 6222.0Job Search Experience, Australia

November 2010Annual 6359.0Forms of Employment, AustraliaAugust 2010Annual 6310.0Employee Earnings, Benefits, and Trade Union Membership, Australia

May 2011Annual 6227.0Education and Work, AustraliaJune 2006Irregular 6211.0Child Employment, AustraliaJune 2008Irregular 4402.0Childhood Education and Care, Australia

Monthly Population Supplementary SurveysLatest issueFrequencycat. no.

The Monthly Population Survey program and Multi-Purpose Household Survey program

collect data on particular aspects of the labour force. The following is an historical list of

labour surveys collected in these programs. Data from these surveys are available on

request and can be obtained by contacting the ABS.

SU P P L E M E N T A R Y SU R V E Y S


A P P E N D I X 4 S U P P L E M E N T A R Y S U R V E Y S

5 In general, the size of the SE increases as the size of the estimate increases.

Conversely, the RSE decreases as the size of the estimate increases. Very small estimates

are thus subject to such high RSEs that their value for most practical purposes is

unreliable. In the tables in this publication, only estimates with RSEs of 25% or less are

considered reliable for most purposes. Estimates with RSEs greater than 25% but less

than or equal to 50% are preceded by an asterisk (e.g. *3.4) to indicate they are subject

to high SEs and should be used with caution. Estimates with RSEs of greater than 50%,

preceded by a double asterisk (e.g. **0.2), are considered too unreliable for general use

Published estimate(‘000)

2 chances in 3 that the true value is in this range

19 chances in 20 that the true value is in this range

154.8 160.0 165.2 170.4 175.6

4 Therefore, there are about two chances in three that the value that would have been

produced if all dwellings had been included in the survey will fall within the range

160,000 to 170,400 and about 19 chances in 20 that the value will fall within the range

154,800 to 175,600. This example is illustrated in the diagram below.

SE of estimate

= lower SE + size of estimate − lower estimateupper estimate − lower estimate %

(upper SE − lower SE)

= 5, 000 +165, 200 − 150, 000200, 000 − 150, 000 % (5, 600 − 5, 000)

= 5, 200 (rounded to the nearest 100)

3 An example of the calculation and the use of SEs in relation to estimates of persons is

as follows. Table 4 shows the estimated number of unemployed females in Australia who

were looking for full-time work was 165,200. Since this estimate is between 150,000 and

200,000, table T1 shows that the SE for Australia will lie between 5,000 and 5,600 and can

be approximated by interpolation using the following general formula:

CA L C U L A T I O N OF S T A N D A R D

ER R O R

1 Since the estimates in this publication are based on information obtained from

occupants of a sample of dwellings, they are subject to sampling variability. That is, they

may differ from those estimates that would have been produced if all dwellings had been

included in the survey. One measure of the likely difference is given by the standard

error (SE), which indicates the extent to which an estimate might have varied by chance

because only a sample of dwellings was included. There are about two chances in three

(67%) that a sample estimate will differ by less than one SE from the number that would

have been obtained if all dwellings had been included, and about 19 chances in 20 (95%)

that the difference will be less than two SEs. Another measure of the likely difference is

the relative standard error (RSE), which is obtained by expressing the SE as a percentage

of the estimate.

2 Due to space limitations, it is impractical to print the SE of each estimate in the

publication. Instead, a table of SEs is provided to enable readers to determine the SE for

an estimate from the size of that estimate (see table T1). The SE table is derived from a

mathematical model, referred to as the 'SE model', which is created using data from a

number of past Labour Force Surveys. It should be noted that the SE model only gives an

approximate value for the SE for any particular estimate, since there is some minor

variation between SEs for different estimates of the same size.

I N T R O D U C T I O N


T E C H N I C A L N O T E DA T A QU A L I T Y

12 Therefore, the SE for the proportion of unemployed females looking for full-time

work who had been unemployed for one year or more is 1.8 percentage points

(=(21.9/100)x8.0). Therefore, there are about two chances in three that the proportion

of unemployed females looking for full-time work who have been unemployed for one

RSE = (8.6)2 − (3.1)2 = 8.0%

11 Considering the example from the previous page, of the 165,200 unemployed

females who were looking for full-time work, 36,200 or 21.9% had been unemployed for

one year or more. The SE of 36,200 may be calculated by interpolation as 3,100. To

convert this to an RSE we express the SE as a percentage of the estimate, or 3,100/36,200

= 8.6%. The SE for 165,200 was calculated previously as 5,200, which converted to an

RSE is 5,200/165,200 = 3.1%. Applying the above formula, the RSE of the proportion is:

RSE xy = [RSE(x)]2 − [RSE(y)]2

10 Proportions and percentages formed from the ratio of two estimates are also

subject to sampling errors. The size of the error depends on the accuracy of both the

numerator and the denominator. A formula to approximate the RSE of a proportion is

given below. This formula is only valid when x is a subset of y:

PR O P O R T I O N S AN D

PE R C E N T A G E S

6 The RSEs of estimates of mean duration of unemployment and median duration of

unemployment are obtained by first finding the RSE of the estimate of the total number

of persons contributing to the mean or median (see table T1) and then multiplying the

resulting number by the following factors for Australian estimates:

! mean duration of unemployment: 1.6

! median duration of unemployment: 2.5

7 The following is an example of the calculation of SEs where the use of a factor is

required. Table 4 shows that the estimated median duration of unemployment for

unemployed females in Australia was 17 weeks and shows that the number of

unemployed females was estimated as 271,900. The SE of 271,900 can be calculated from

table T1 (by interpolation) as 6,400. To convert this to an RSE we express the SE as a

percentage of the estimate or 6,400/271,900 =2.4%.

8 The RSE of the estimate of median duration of unemployment for unemployed

females is calculated by multiplying this number (2.4%) by the appropriate factor shown

in the previous paragraph (in this case 2.5): 2.4 x 2.5 = 6%. The SE of this estimate of

median duration of unemployment for unemployed females is therefore 6% of 17 weeks,

i.e. approximately one week. Therefore, there are two chances in three that the median

duration of unemployment for females that would have been obtained if all dwellings

had been included in the survey would have been within the range 16 to 18 weeks and

about 19 chances in 20 that it would have been within the range 15 weeks to 19 weeks.

9 Table T2 represents the minimum size of estimates, based on the SE model

described in paragraph 2, required to have RSEs of less than 25% and 50% respectively.

For example, an estimate of median duration of unemployment for Australia based on

less than 29,000 persons will have an RSE of at least 25%, and an estimate of median

duration of unemployment for Australia based on less than 10,000 will have an RSE of at

least 50%. For all other estimates, (i.e. those estimates based purely on number of

persons in a specific category), an estimate of less than 6,800 for the Australian total will

have an RSE of at least 25% and an estimate of less than 1,600 will have an RSE of at least

50%.

ME A N S AN D ME D I A N S

and should only be used to aggregate with other estimates to provide derived estimates

with RSEs of less than 25%. Table T2 presents the levels at which estimates have RSEs of

25% and 50%.

CA L C U L A T I O N OF S T A N D A R D

ER R O R continued


T E C H N I C A L N O T E DA T A QU A L I T Y continued

14 While this formula will only be exact for differences between separate and

uncorrelated characteristics or subpopulations, it is expected to provide a good

approximation for all differences likely to be of interest in this publication.

SE(x− y) = [SE(x)]2 + [SE(y)]2

13 Published estimates may also be used to calculate the difference between two

survey estimates (of numbers or percentages). Such an estimate is subject to sampling

error. The sampling error of the difference between two estimates depends on their SEs

and the relationship (correlation) between them. An approximate SE of the difference

between two estimates (x-y) may be calculated by the following formula:

D I F F E R E N C E S

year or more is between 20.1% and 23.7% and 19 chances in 20 that the proportion is

within the range 18.3% to 25.5%.

PR O P O R T I O N S AN D

PE R C E N T A G E S continued



(a) Refers to the number of people contributing to the estimate.

1 6006003005001 2008001 7001 8002 000All other estimates10 0002 4001 8002 8006 2004 1008 4008 6009 900Median duration of unemployment

4 4001 0005008002 1001 5003 0003 1003 700Mean duration of unemployment

50 % RS E

6 8001 4001 1001 4003 5002 6005 1005 4006 300All other estimates29 0006 7005 2008 10018 10012 10022 60025 70029 800Median duration of unemployment14 7002 4001 6002 3006 2004 4008 6009 50011 200Mean duration of unemployment

25 % RS E

no.no.no.no.no.no.no.no.no.

Aust.ACTNTTas.WASAQldVic.NSW

T2 LEVELS AT WHICH EST IMATES HAVE RELAT IVE STANDARD ERRORS OF 25% AND 50% (a)

. . not applicable

0.342 850. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .15,000,0000.437 950. .. .. .. .. .27 95049 75027 75010,000,0000.628 450. .. .. .13 25011 90023 90036 10025 9005,000,0000.917 050. .. .. .12 70010 60017 70022 55020 3502,000,0001.211 750. .. .4 85010 9508 90013 20015 25015 1001,000,0001.78 3502 800. .4 2508 6007 0009 25010 05010 150500,0002.26 6502 80011 1003 7006 7505 5506 8507 2507 250300,0002.85 6002 6508 1503 2005 3504 5505 4005 6505 750200,0003.35 0002 5006 5002 8504 4503 8504 6004 8505 000150,0004.34 3002 2504 7502 4003 4003 0003 7504 0004 250100,0006.83 4001 6502 7501 7002 3002 0002 7503 0503 35050,0007.93 1501 5002 3001 5002 1001 8002 5002 8003 10040,0009.72 9001 2501 8001 2501 9001 5502 2502 5502 80030,000

12.82 5501 0001 3001 0001 6501 3501 9502 2002 40020,00015.72 3508501 0008501 5001 2001 8001 9502 15015,00020.02 0007007507001 3001 0501 6001 7001 85010,00024.31 7006006006001 1509001 4501 5001 6507,00030.01 5005005005001 0008001 2501 3001 4505,00033.81 3504504505009007501 2001 2001 3004,00035.71 2504504004509007001 1001 1501 2503,50038.31 1504504004508507001 0501 1001 2003,00042.01 0504004004008006501 0001 0001 1002,50046.09203903503907105909109301 0102,00052.07803603203606405308108309001,50061.06103302703105504506807107601,00068.648030023027048039058062066070076.038027020024042034050054058050086.726021015019034028039044047030095.0190170120160290240320380400200

110.011010080110220180220290290100

%No.No.No.No.No.No.No.No.No.

Aust.ACTNTTas.WASAQld.Vic.NSWSize of

es t ima t e

(pe r sons )

T1 STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATES

ST A N D A R D ER R O R S



Persons aged 15 years and over who, during the reference week:! worked for one hour or more for pay, profit, commission or payment in kind, in a job

or business or on a farm (comprising employees, employers and own accountworkers); or

! worked for one hour or more without pay in a family business or on a farm(i.e. contributing family workers); or

! were employees who had a job but were not at work and were:! away from work for less than four weeks up to the end of the reference week; or

! away from work for more than four weeks up to the end of the reference week and

received pay for some or all of the four week period to the end of the reference

week; or

Employed

The number of weeks or years that employed persons were looking for work beforebeing offered their current job or starting their own business. For employed personswho had worked before, it includes any time they were looking for work before leavingtheir previous employer.

Duration of looking for workbefore current job

The period of time from when an unemployed person began looking for work until theend of the reference week; or the period of time since an unemployed person lastworked in any job for two weeks or more until the end of the reference week; whicheverwas the shorter period. Brief periods of work (of less than two weeks) since the personbegan looking for work are disregarded.

Duration of current period ofunemployment

A job that a person is currently working in and has lasted, or is likely to last, for a periodof two weeks or more. For persons who have commenced more than one job in theprevious 12 months, it is the job most recently started.

Current job

Persons who work without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a relative.Contributing family workers

Survey responses are coded to Certificate not further defined (n.f.d.) when there is notenough information to code them to Certificate I, II, III or IV in the Australian StandardClassification of Education (ASCED), 2001 (cat. no. 1272.0), Level of Educationclassification.

Certificate not further defined

Centrelink is a statutory authority responsible for delivering a range of CommonwealthGovernment services, including the registration of persons for job search assistance andincome support.

Centrelink

Bachelor Degree or above includes qualifications at the Post Graduate Degree level,Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate level and Bachelor Degree level.

Bachelor Degree or above

All steps taken to attain a job by persons who started their current job in the previous12 months. Refers to steps taken to attain a job, not necessarily the current job.

All steps taken to attain a job

All steps taken by unemployed persons in their search for work during the currentperiod of unemployment.

All steps taken to find work

All difficulties in finding work experienced by unemployed persons during the currentperiod of unemployment.

All difficulties in finding work

Active steps taken by unemployed persons in their search for work during the currentperiod of unemployment include:! wrote, phoned or applied in person to an employer for work;! answered an advertisement for a job in a newspaper;! answered an advertisement for a job on the Internet;! answered an advertisement for a job on noticeboards;! had an interview;! contacted friends or relatives;! advertised or tendered for work; and! registered with a Job Services Australia provider registered with other employment

agency.

Active steps taken to find work


G L O S S A R Y

In July 2009, the Job Network was replaced by Job Services Australia. The JobNetwork/Job Services Australia is a national network of private, community andgovernment organisations on contract to the government to provide employmentplacement services to the community. Job seekers who are registered with Centrelink forjob search assistance are able to contact a Job Services Australia provider in their area toreceive this service.

Job Network/Job Servicesemployment agency

An industry is a group of businesses or organisations that undertake similar economicactivities to produce both goods and services. In this publication, industry refers toANZSIC Division as classified according to the Australian and New Zealand StandardIndustrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0).

Industry

An enterprise which is registered as a separate legal entity to its members or owners(also known as a limited liability company).

Incorporated enterprise

Refers to employees (excluding OMIEs) who had worked before and were either out ofwork or changed their employer before starting their current job.

Had worked before

Includes face-to-face and phone interviews.Had an interview

Employed persons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs) and otherswho, although usually working fewer than 35 hours a week, worked 35 hours or moreduring the reference week.

Full-time workers

Refers to employees (excluding OMIEs) who had never worked for two weeks or morebefore starting their current job.

First job ever held lasting twoweeks or more

For this survey, employment type in main job classifies employed persons according tothe following categories on the basis of their main job (that is, the job in which the mosthours were usually worked):! Employees (excluding owner managers of incorporated enterprises OMIEs);! Owner managers of incorporated enterprises;! Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises; and! Contributing family workers.

Employment type in main job

Classifies employed persons according to the following categories on the basis of theircurrent job:! Employees (excluding OMIEs);

! With paid leave entitlements;

! Without paid leave entitlements;

! Owner managers of incorporated enterprises; and! Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises.

Employment type in currentjob

Persons who operate their own unincorporated economic enterprise or engageindependently in a profession or trade, and hire one or more employees.

Employers

Persons who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages,salary, a retainer fee from their employer while working on a commission basis, tips,piece rates, or payment in kind, or persons who operate their own incorporatedenterprise with or without hiring employees.

Employees

Persons, excluding those who operate their own incorporated enterprise with or withoutemployees, who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration inwages, salary, a retainer fee from their employer while working on a commission basis,tips, piece rates, or payment in kind and started their current job in the previous 12months.

Employee (excluding OMIEs)job starters

! away from work as a standard work or shift arrangement; or

! on strike or locked out; or

! on workers' compensation and expected to return to their job; or

! were employers or own account workers who had a job, business or farm, but werenot at work.

Employed continued


G L O S S A R Y continued

Persons who work in their own business, with or without employees, whether or not thebusiness is an incorporated enterprise. Comprises owner managers of incorporatedenterprises and owner managers of unincorporated enterprises.

Owner managers

Persons who operate their own unincorporated economic enterprise or engagedindependently in a profession or trade, and hired no employees.

Own account workers

An occupation is a collection of jobs that are sufficiently similar in their title and tasks,skill level and skill specialisation which are grouped together for the purposes ofclassification. In this publication occupation refers to Major Group as defined by ANZSCO—Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1,2009 (cat. no. 1220.0).

Occupation

The number of times persons reported being out of work and looking for a job duringthe 12 months up to the end of the reference week.

Number of spells of looking forwork in the previous

12 months

The number of separate offers of employment received during the current period ofunemployment.

Number of offers ofemployment

The duration which divides unemployed persons into two groups of equal size, onecomprising persons whose duration of unemployment is above the mid point, and theother, persons whose duration is below it.

Median duration of currentperiod of unemployment

The duration obtained by dividing the aggregate number of weeks a group has beenunemployed by the number of persons in that group.

Mean duration of currentperiod of unemployment

The job in which most hours are usually worked.Main job

The list of main English-speaking countries provided here is not an attempt to classifycountries on the basis of whether or not English is the predominant or official languageof each country. It is a list of the main countries from which Australia receives, or hasreceived, significant numbers of overseas settlers who are likely to speak English. Thesecountries comprise the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, Canada,South Africa and the United States of America.

Main English-speakingcountries

The main difficulty in finding work experienced during the current period ofunemployment.

Main difficulty in finding work

Unemployed persons who have worked for two weeks or more in the past two years andwho left that job involuntarily.

Lost a job

Persons whose duration of current period unemployment is 12 months or more.Long-term unemployed

Non-school qualifications are awarded for educational attainments other than those ofpre-primary, primary or secondary education. They include qualifications at the PostGraduate Degree level, Master Degree level, Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificatelevel, Bachelor Degree level, Advanced Diploma and Diploma level, and Certificates I, II,III and IV levels. Non-school qualifications may be attained concurrently with schoolqualifications.

Level of highest non-schoolqualification

Level of highest educational attainment identifies the highest achievement a person hasattained in any area of study. It is not a measurement of the relative importance ofdifferent fields of study but a ranking of qualifications and other educational attainmentsregardless of the particular area of study or the type of institution in which the study wasundertaken. See Appendix 2 for an explanation of how highest level is derived.

Level of highest educationalattainment

Unemployed persons who have worked for two weeks or more in the past two yearsand who left that job voluntarily.

Left a job

Employed persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months.Job starters



Unemployed persons who:! actively looked for part-time work only and were available for work in the reference

week; or

Unemployed looking forpart-time work

Unemployed persons who:! actively looked for full-time work and were available for work in the reference

week; or! were not available for work in the reference week because they were waiting to start a

new full-time job.

Unemployed looking forfull-time work

Persons aged 15 years and over who were not employed during the reference week, and:! had actively looked for full-time or part-time work at any time in the four weeks up to

the end of the reference week and were available for work in the reference week; or! were waiting to start a new job within four weeks from the end of the reference week,

and could have started in the reference week if the job had been available then.

Unemployed

The total number of weeks a person has been both out of work and looking for work atthe same time during the 12 months up to the end of the reference week.

Time spent looking for work inthe previous 12 months

Employed persons classified by whether they were employees, employers, own accountworkers or contributing family workers.

Status in employment

Classifies reasons for turning down job offers in current period of unemploymentaccording to the following categories:! Unsuitable Job Conditions

! Unsatisfactory pay/conditions

! Not in locality or line of work

! Hours unsuitable

! Unwilling to move state/city

! Too far to travel

! Personal Reasons! Own short-term illness or injury

! Own long-term health condition or disability

! Pregnancy

! Affect welfare payments/pension may be affected

! Returned to study

! Family Reasons! Childcare

! Ill health of other than self

! Other! Waiting to start another job/starting new business

! Other reasons

! Did not know

Reasons for turning down joboffers

The number of hours unemployed persons would like to work each week.Preferred number of hours

Employed persons who usually worked fewer than 35 hours a week (in all jobs) and whoeither did so during the reference week, or were not at work in the reference week.

Part-time workers

Persons who operate their own unincorporated enterprise, that is, a business entity inwhich the owner and the business are legally inseparable, so that the owner is liable forany business debts that are incurred. Includes those engaged independently in a trade orprofession. These persons are classified as employers under 'status in employment' iftheir business has employees, or own account worker if they do not.

Owner managers ofunincorporated enterprises

Persons who work in their own incorporated enterprise, that is, a business entity whichis registered as a separate legal entity to its members or owners (also known as a limitedliability company). These persons are classified as employees under 'status inemployment'.

Owner managers ofincorporated enterprises

(OMIE)



Employees (excluding OMIEs) who were not entitled to, or did not know whether theywere entitled to, paid holiday leave and paid sick leave in their current job. For moreinformation, see paragraph 19 of the Explanatory Notes.

Without paid leaveentitlements

The entitlement of employees (excluding OMIEs) to either paid holiday leave or paidsick leave (or both) in their current job. Persons employed in their own business or whowere contributing family workers were not asked questions about paid leaveentitlements. For more information, see paragraph 19 of the Explanatory Notes.

With paid leave entitlements

Whether employed persons who usually worked part-time hours, preferred to workmore hours.

Whether preferred to workmore hours than usually

worked

Whether employed persons were not employed immediately prior to starting theircurrent job.

Whether out of work prior tostarting job

Whether unemployed persons had previously held a job lasting two weeks or more.Whether had ever worked fortwo weeks or more

Whether employed persons knew that a job was available with their current employerbefore making an approach to that employer for a job.

Whether had prior knowledgethat job was available

Employed persons who usually worked fewer than 35 hours a week (in all jobs).Usually worked part-timehours

Employed persons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs).Usually worked full-time hours

! were not available for work in the reference week because they were waiting to start anew part-time job.

Unemployed looking forpart-time work continued



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