Joakim Pagels

Div. Aerosol Technology (EAT)

Secondary Aerosol Formation from Combustion Aerosols

Improved understanding of the contribution from combustion sources to secondary aerosol formation, importance for both health and climate

•Primary and secondary emission factors•Influence of transformation on composition, morphology, hygroscopic properties and optical properties•Implement in-situ techniques to determine composition and morphology

Sources studied in chamber upon UV and O3 exposure•Biomass combustion/Wood smoke emissions•Engine emissions•Indoor sources, e.g. Incense, Fragrance products, Building material etc

Field measurements in indoor and outdoor air•Identify SOA signatures in indoor and outdoor air•Transformations from outdoor to indoor air

Objectives ?

Team: Joakim Pagels, Mats Bohgard, Anders Gudmundsson, Christina Isaxon, Erik Swietlicki, Pontus Roldin,....... new diploma workers and external co-workers

Ongoing Projects Secondary Aerosol Formation from Anthropogenic Combustion

Sources. Partners: Erik Swietlicki, Copenhagen University (Merete Bilde), Umeå University

(Christoffer Boman), Insbruck University (Armin Wisthaler) Funding Period (2008-2010, 2.8 MSEK)

Single Particle Chemical Composition and Mixing Characteristics of Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Indoor and Outdoor AirPartners: Erik Swietlicki

Funding Period (2007-2010 2+2 year Research Assistantship, 1.4 +1.4 MSEK)

Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for Characterisation of Particles in Flue gases from Wood and Crop Fuels - A tool for Minimising Emissions.Partners: Erik Swietlicki, Umeå University (Christoffer Boman)

Funding Period (2008-2009, 0.5 MSEK)

Equipment for Research on Aerosols and their Effects on Climate and Human Health – Funding to buy a HR-TOF-Aerosol Mass SpectrometerPI: Erik Swietlicki, Partners: CAST

Funding Period (2007, 4.5 MSEK)

Primary Biomass Emissions

Organics

EC

Organics

EC

K2SO4

K2CO3

KCl

Efficient Hot Airstarved Low Temp.

Secondary Aerosol FormationAtmospheric Secondary Aerosol FormationAtmospheric Secondary Aerosol Formation

Partitioning &

HeterogeneousReactions

HumidityHumidityTemperatureTemperature

SemivolatilesSemivolatiles

NONOxx

SOSO22

NHNH33

HH22SOSO44

NN22OO55

HNOHNO33

OO33

VOCsVOCsBiogenicsBiogenicsAromaticsAromatics

VOCs

Ageing of diesel emissions

Robinson et al. 2007 Science

Ageing of soot

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1.0

1.1

1.2

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Fresh SootAPM, SA low, RH=5%APM, SA high, RH=5% APM, SA high, RH=50% APM, SA high, RH=80%APM + Water Activity Model, SA high (RH=20-90%)APM + Water Activity Model, SA low (RH=20-90%)dve SA Lowdve SA High

Ageing of soot

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0.6

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1.1

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Fresh SootAPM, SA low, RH=5%APM, SA high, RH=5% APM, SA high, RH=50% APM, SA high, RH=80%APM + Water Activity Model, SA high (RH=20-90%)APM + Water Activity Model, SA low (RH=20-90%)dve SA Lowdve SA High

200nm

Fresh Soot:

H2SO4 coated Soot:

Ageing of soot

Pagels et al. 2008, Khalizov et al. 2008 to be submitted to AS&T

0.5

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1.0

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m/m0

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Fresh SootAPM, SA low, RH=5%APM, SA high, RH=5% APM, SA high, RH=50% APM, SA high, RH=80%APM + Water Activity Model, SA high (RH=20-90%)APM + Water Activity Model, SA low (RH=20-90%)dve SA Lowdve SA High

200nm

Fresh Soot:

H2SO4 coated Soot:

Outer electrode

Mass classified aerosol exit Z

Aerosol entrance

Inner electrode

r2 r1

High voltage

Aerosol Particle Mass analyzer (APM) (Ehara et al., 1997)

•Select particles of known mass even for agglomerates•In-situ measurment of particle morphology•Determine mass fractions of condensed species in secondary aerosol formation

Planned activities2008

• Implementation of Aerosol Mass Spectrometer PhD/MSc projects – Pilot study on ageing of indoor combustion aerosols (incense and ETS)

using O3 as oxidant. – Field measurements in Vavihill

• Implementation of Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer PhD/MSc project– Morphology and Mass-Mobility relationship of welding and candle soot

agglomerates.

• Preparing aerosol chamber for UV exposure experiments

2009-2010• Measurements of fresh and aged wood smoke in Umeå. • Measurements of fresh and aged engine exhaust in Chamber.• Field measurements using AMS in indoor and outdoor air

Other Projects/Long Term Goals

• A detailed understanding of the processes involved in transforming combustion aerosols in outdoor and indoor environments.– To predict influence of processing on chemical composition, hygroscoppic

properties, optical properties, morphology and other health and climate relevant properties

• Influence of chemical composition, morphology/surface area/particle size on health effects of airborne particles– Lung deposition of highly agglomerated nano particles using modified RESPI– Apply the AMS to measure chemically resolved lung deposition– Cell exposures to complement human exposures and allow detailed studies

on the influence of composition, size surface are etc on health effects – Building a deposition chamber for cell exposures which mimics deposition in

the respiratory tract – Use secondary combustion aerosols in human exposure studies

Markers for Wood- and Cellulose-Burning

Any Wood, Biomass, Paper, Wood Products, Cellulose containing Products:

Levoglucosan