jeans whatson

05/01/2023WHATSON'S THEORY OF CARING

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Whatson’s Philosphy And Science On Caring

Presented By: N/C Saira Riaz

4th Year B.Sc N Gen Faculty:

Maj Shagufta Parveen


3Ground Rules

Be attentive Do not talk Do not leave the room during presentation Question & answers will be treated at the end of presentation


4Objectives

At the end of my presentation learners will be able to: Know about theorist biography Define theory Discuss evolution of theory Discuss assumptions of theory Enlist purposes of theory Describe importance of theory


5Objective Contd…

Discuss characteristics of theory Explain framework of theory List down elements of theory Discuss metaparadigm Demonstration the application of theory in nursing


6Biography of Jean Watson

Theorist - Jean Watson was born in West Virginia, US Educated: BSN, University of Colorado, 1964, MS, University of Colorado, 1966, PhD, University of Colorado, 1973 Distinguished Professor of Nursing and Chair in Caring Science at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center


7Biography Contd…

Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing Dean of Nursing at the University Health Sciences Center and President of the National League for Nursing Undergraduate and graduate degrees in nursing and psychiatric-mental health nursing and PhD in educational psychology and counseling Six (6) Honorary Doctoral Degrees


8Biography Contd…

Research has been in the area of human caring and loss In 1988, her theory was published in nursing book: “human science and human care.”


9Definition

“A human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions.“

(Jeans Whatson 1988)


10Evolution

Jeans Watson has evolved her work around theory, philosophy , work and research and most importantly has centered her focus on a theory about care Whatson’s theory is focused on holistic care Whatson’s theory was deeply influenced by personal issues ,death of her husband by suicide and the tragic loss of her eyes in a golfing accident


11Assumptions

Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally Caring consists of curative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs Effective caring promotes health and individual’s growth Caring responses accept the patient as he or she is now, as well as what he or she may become


12Assumptions Contd…

A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the patient to choose the best action for him or herself at a given point in time A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing The practice of caring is central to nursing


13Curative Factor

The formation of a humanistic- altruistic system of values The instillation of faith-hope The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others The development of a helping-trust relationship The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings


14Curative Factor Contd…

The systematic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning The provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual Assistance with the gratification of human needs The allowance for existential-phenomenological forces


15Purposes

Embrace altruistic values and practice loving kindness and others Instill faith and hope to others Be sensitive to self and others by nurturing individual beliefs and practices Develop helping trusting and caring relationship


16Purposes Contd…

Use creative scientific problem solving method for caring decision making Assist with basic phyical,emotional and spiritual human needs Open to mystery and allow miracles to enter


17Importance

Used to define and direct the actions of nursing by providing a platform for which nurses’ practice Uses nursing principles to help gain knowledge and provide opportunity to apply it practically


18Importance Contd…

Running head-direction for nursing to advance in the future Help nurses use evidence based practice to drive their practice and to ensure patient outcomes


19Characteristics

Logical in nature and relatively simple Generelizable Based on phenomenological studies that generally ask questions rather than state hypotheses Can be used to guide and improve practice Supported by the theoretical work of numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists


20Framework


21Elements


22Transpersonal Caring Relationship

The transpersonal concept is an inter-subjective human- to-human relationship in which the nurse affects and is affect by the person of the other. Both are fully present in

the moment and feel a union with the other; they share a phenomenal field that becomes part of the life story of both.


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24Caring Occasion

Actual caring occasion involves actions and choices by

nurse and the individual. The moment of coming

together in a caring occasion presents the two persons

with the opportunity to decide how to be in the

relationship – what to do with the moment.


25Paradigm

Human being

“A valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. He, human is viewed as greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts”.


26Paradigm Contd…

Health Watson adds the following three elements to WHO definition

of health:

A high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioningThe absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence)


27Paradigm Contd…

Environment/society According to Watson, caring (and nursing) has existed in every society A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment


28Paradigm Contd…

Nursing“Nursing is concerned with promoting health,

preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health”. She defines nursing as

“ A human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions”.


29Strength

This theory places client in the context of the family, the community and the culture It places the client as the focus of practice rather than the technology


30Weakness

Biophysical needs of the individual are given less important The ten curative factors primarily delineate the psychosocial needs of the person

Needs further research to apply in practice


31Areas Of Application In Terms Of Medical Condition

Hospice and Palliative Care Rehabilitation Reproductive Care Geriatrics Long Term Care Team Building Stress Management

32Application Of Jeans Watson’s Theory In Reproductive Care Mis Hajra is a 23-year-old, junior high school graduate and

housewife who lives in the center of an urban city. She is Muslim and she introduces herself as a faithful person to her religion and beliefs. Her husband lives in a different city away from the family due to work. She has been married for three years. She indicated that her in-laws expected grandchildren by now, and blamed her for not having had any children. In Pakistan, in order for a woman to earn familial respect and social status, she must give birth.



33Application Of Jeans Watson’s Theory In Reproductive Care Contd…

Mis Hajra and her husband, both interested in having several children, have been trying to conceive for the last two years. After two years of no pregnancy they began the IVF treatment. As part of IVF treatments, four ocytes were obtained via the Oosit Pick Up (OPU) operation.


34Application Of Jeans Watson’s Theory In Reproductive Care Contd

To their delight, one of the three alive embryos, resulted in successful fertilization. The fertilized embryo was then transferred to Mis Hajra, the other two were frozen per the couple’s wish. However, even though the fertilization process was successful the pregnancy did not seem to occur. Mis Hajra and her husband were was asked to come to the clinic to receive a pregnancy test and, based on the results, consider options.



Receiving the results of the pregnancy test, positive or negative, is one of the most critical moments for women who have received IVF treatment are waiting. I realize this is an important time for you too.



Now she give care to the patient according to the curative factor of theory First of all, take your patient in confidence and make sure to the patient that your information will remain confidential She asked her talk to me about how she felt while we were waiting for the result of the pregnancy test



(Mis Hajra knew that she was there for her and would care for her at every stage of the treatment. I could tell that now she considered me as her own nurse). Her movements and gaze felt like she was nervous Make sure to patient that she is here for you. And its her duty to fulfill all basic needs of patient



Always be protective and supportive to the patient and provide safe environment to the patient Bad news was broken to the couple Caring relationship was build with the patient by nurse She gave them hope by holding other couple story for them Counseled & agreed to retry the treatment


39Application

Nursing Nursing is based on the concept of care. Many nurses have adopted Jean

Whatson’s care theory in their practice Nurses should establish a caring relationship with patients


40Application Cont...

Nurses should treat patients as holistic beings (body, mind and spirit) with a positive regard Mutuality should be obtained between the nurse and patient concerning the patient’s health care situation and needs


41Application Contd…

Nurses should promote health through knowledge and intervention, and display

acceptance towards patients that is unconditional Caring occasions/moments should transform both the patient and nurse, as they are linked together


42Application Cont…

Research This study concludes that psychosocial needs are more important than physical needs Giving patient and caregiver a survey of nursing behaviors to assess their personal needs may assist the nurse in focusing care

according to individualized need



Holistic care in the hospice setting necessitates incorporation of caregiver needs along with patient needs



Clinical Application

To provide each person with a caring environment Assist with basic needs Always practice loving kindness The use of creative self Going beyond self



Clinical Application

Engaging in genuine teaching learning experience Openness to others Being present to support positive and negative feelings Soul care for the one being cared for


46Conclusion

Watson provides many useful concepts for the practice of nursingShe ties together many theories commonly used in nursing educationThe detailed descriptions of the curative factors can give guidance to those who wish to employ them in practice or research


47References

George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton

& Lange. Breckenridge,D.(2011). The Neuman system model evidence base nursing practice,The Neuman system model 5th ed,pp.245-252. Boston:Pearson.


48References Contd…

Fawcett,J.(2005).Neuman system model contemporary nursing knowledge: Analysis and evaluation of nursing models and theories(2nd ed.).Philadilphia:F.A. Davis.


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