jatropha plantation final ppt

8/12/2019 Jatropha Plantation Final PPT

1/16


2/16

Agenda

Introductionto Bio-fuels

BiodieselManufacturingbiodiesel using

Jatropha Oil

SuggestedJatropha

Based ValueChain

Farmers Viewon JatrophaPlantation

Financials


3/16

Bio-fuel- A Ray of Hope

Bio-Fuel

Oil provides energy to 95% transportation and continues to

grow.

Biofuels are renewable liquid fuels coming from biological

raw material and have been proved to be good substitutes

for oil in the transportation sector. Types of Bio-Fuel: Ethanol and Biodiesel

Solution to many problems: environmental problems,

energy security, reducing imports, rural employment and

improving agricultural economy

Ethanol

Raw material used for producing ethanol varies from sugar, cereals,

sugar beet to molasses in India

Brazil: ethanol as 100 % fuel in about 20 per cent of vehicles, 25% blend

with gasoline in the rest of the vehicles

USA and Australia use 10 % ethanol-gasoline blends whereas in Sweden

5% blend is used

India: Use of 5% ethanol- gasoline blend is already approved by BIS and

is in progressive state of implementation in the country.

Three classes of vegetative sources (raw materials) can be used:

starch as grain, corn and tubers like cassava

sugar plants (sugar beet or sugar cane)

cellulose plants (general tree and biomass)

Biodiesel

Biodiesel is made from virgin or used vegeta

edible) and animal fats through trans-esterifica

Use of biodiesel results in substantial reductio

carbon monoxide and particulate matters

It has almost no sulphur, no aromatics and ha

which helps it to burn fully. Its higher cet

combustion

Raw materials: Sunflower and rapeseed in Eu

oil in Thailand, Frying oil and Animal fats in Ire

India: It is proposed to use non-edible oil for m

Projected demand for petrol & diesel, and biofuel

Year

Petrol

demand

Mt

Ethanol blending requirement

(in metric tons) Diesel

demand

Mt

Bio

@ 5 per

cent

@ 10 per

cent

@ 20 per

cent@

ce

2006-

200710.07 0.5 1.01 2.01 52.32 2

2011-

201212.85 0.64 1.29 2.57 66.91 3

2016-

201716.4 0.82 1.64 3.28 83.58 4


4/16

Biodiesel: Advantages and Comparison with Diesel

Usage

Can be used in any existing, unmodified diesel engine

Can be used alone or mixed in any ratio with mineral oil diesel fuel. Thepreferred ratio if mixture ranges between 5 and 20% (B5 - B20)

Extends the live of diesel engines

Energy

Independence

With the rising costs of oil, for a majority of countries depending on the

import of oil, it has now become a matter of wheninstead of if

Reducing TradeDeficit

Reducing the oil imports will help us reduce our imports cost. Thismoney can be used towards other important initiatives like health,education and other services in our country

Economic

Growth

At the community level, farmers that produce dedicated energy cropscan grow their incomes and grow their own supply of affordable andreliable energy

At the national level, biofuels will generate new industries, new

technologies, new jobs and new markets

Cleaner Air

Produce fewer emissions of carbon monoxide, particulates, and toxicchemicals that cause smog, aggravate respiratory and heart disease

Produces 80% less carbon dioxide and 100% less sulphur dioxideemissions. It provides a 90% reduction in cancer risks

Less Global

Warming

Biofuels contain carbon that was taken out of the atmosphere by plantsand trees as they grew. Studies show that biodiesel reduces CO2emissions to a considerable extent and in some cases all most nearly tozero

Biodiesel is also biodegradable

Fuel Property

Fuel Standard

Fuel composition

Lower Heating Value (Btu/galKin. Viscosity, @ 40 8C

Specific Gravity kg/l @ 60 8F

Density, lb/gal @ 15 8C

Water, ppm by wt.

Carbon (wt.%)

Hydrogen (wt.%)

Oxygen, by dif. wt.%

Sulfur (wt.%)

Boiling Point (8C)

Flash Point (8C)

Cloud Point (8C)

Pour Point (8C)

Cetane Number

Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio

(w/w)

BOCLE Scuff (g)


5/16

Biodiesel: Sources

Vegetable Oils Soybeans, Rapeseed, Ground Nut, Sunflower, Coconut, Cotton

Seed, Sorghum, Barley, Rice, Oat, etc

Non-edible Oil Almond, Andiroba, Camelina, Cumaro, Jojoba Oil, Jatropha

curcas, Mahua, Karanja, Castor, Palm, Rubber, Sesame, etc.

Animal Fats Lard, Tallow, Poultry Fat, Fish Oil

Other Sources Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Micro Algae, Tarpenes, Latexes,

Cooking Oil (Yellow Grease) etc

Percentage Oil in Non

Species

Castor

Jatropha

Karanja

Mahua

Linseed

C

Castor seed is the

has a wide variety

between 40% an

triglycerides, main

Castor is indigen

Mediterranean Ba

but is widespread t

In arid and semi-ar

season to first harv

Karanja

Pongamia pinnata or karanja is a native of the

Western Ghats and is chiefly found along the

banks of streams and rivers or near the sea on

beaches and tidal forests

Grows in dry places, hardy tree that mines

water for its needs from 10 metre depths

without competing with other crops

From year-5, the plant is expected to give

economic yields and it may continue through

to its life of 100 years

Jatropha

Jatropha curcas plant shows promise for use

as an oil crop for biodiesel

It is non-edibleand can grow in areas of low

rainfall (250 mm per year minimum, 900-

1,200 mm optimal) and is drought resistant

Valued for crop protection, prevents

wind/water erosion, is not browsed by

animals, will reach maximum productivity by

year three, and has a 50 year life-span

*Reasons for choosing Jatropha


6/16

Biodiesel: Manufacturing using Jatropha OilIn India, there is a presence of large junk of degraded forest land

and un-utilised public land, field boundaries and fallow lands of

farmers where non-edible oil-seeds can be grown.

Of the variety of non-edible oil producing species, based on

extensive scientific study, Jatropha curcas has been found to be very

suitable for biodiesel production

Advantages of Jatropha

The oil yield per hectare for Jatropha is among the highest for tree-borne oil seeds. The about 0.4 tons per hectare per year to over 12 t/ha. There are reports of oil yields as high aTypically, the seed production would be 3.75 t/ha, with an oil yield of 30-35 per cent, givin

t/ha It can be grown in areas of low rainfall (200 mm per year), on low fertility, marginal, degra

Canals, roads railway tracks, borders of farmersfields as a boundary fence/hedge in arid are appropriate for the crop

Jatropha is easily established in nurseries, grows relatively quickly and is hardy

Jatropha seeds are easy to collect as they are ready to be plucked before the rainy season atall

Jatropha is not browsed by animals

Being rich in nitrogen, the seed cake is an excellent source of plant nutrients

Land Type

Area

(Mha)

Under stocked forests 31.

Protective hedge around agricultural fields 142

Agro- forestry 11.4

Fallow Lands 24.

Land related programmes of Ministry of RuralDevelopment

Public lands -railway tracks, roads, canals, etc

TOTAL 197.


7/16

Biodiesel: Suggested Jatropha Based Value Chain

Farming Models

Estate Farming In this mode, Mahindra can cultivate jatropha in

either their own land or community land leased-infrom the local panchayats. The company employsthe local villagers to cultivate the crop and the rightto harvest rests with either the company or isshared with the panchayats

Contract Farming

In this mode, along with buy-back arrangement,Mahindra can provide inputs, technical guidanceand other extension services to the farmers duringthe initial years of establishment

The contracts can be reached either at a pre-decided price for the seeds or just with theunderstanding that the company will purchase theseeds at the prevailing market price

Step 1: Cultivation of JatrophaNursery Biofuel Board

Seedlings

Beneficiaries

Plantation

Owned

wasteland

Community

wasteland

Forest

Land

Harvesting and hulling of fruits

By-products: Leaves, latex, wood

Home Consumption

Intermediaries

Private Traders

Seeds

DRDO

Railways

Transport companies

Oil marketing Companies

Local use in fuel etc.

Cultivation Processing


8/16


9/16

Transesterification Process Requirements

The most economical process for biodiesel manufacture is transesterification of

Jatropha oil by an alcohol, usually methanol.

Common catalyst is an alkali such as potassium hydroxide

Methanol is preferred over ethanol because the costlier anhydrous ethanol is

required instead of the readily available 95 per cent ethanol

Step 3: Seed Processing and Biodiesel Production



10/16

Step 4: Biodiesel Distribution

As of now, the consumers of biodiesel in the countryinclude Defence Research and DevelopmentOrganization (DRDO), some private companies, etc.

Public sector oil marketing coHindustan Petroleum (HP), Bharand ONGC are in the proceextensive network of biofuconnecting various processingoutlets across the country

Several state transport corporations like Andhra

Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC),Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport Corporation(NMMTC), Uttar Pradesh State Road TransportCorporation (UPSRTC), Calcutta Tramways CompanyLtd, etc. have also started blending biodiesel with HSDin their fleet of buses

The Indian Railways, have stablend of biodiesel in narrow gaubody IndianRailways Organizat(IROAF) instituted under thebuilding networks with potentia



11/16

Farmers view on Jatropha Plantation

Expectations on future economic yieldand incomes from Jatropha plantations

Future incomepossibilities

The plantations have survived withoutmaintenance and are even yielding insome cases

Survives withoutmaintenance

Positive effects on other plants whenintercropping

Effect on otherplants

Demonstration of the performance ofJatropha

Demonstration

Drivers for Jatropha Plantation Barriers for Jatropha Pl

No or insufficieplantation, Proat a reasonable

Economic

Plantations affediseases, No or

Ecological

Insufficient knomaintenance anLack of interestcultivation

Knowledge

Promises madeactors in the inihave not been

Implementation


12/16

Crop Care: Mahindra can provide insecticides, fungicideplant growth promoters to contribute to better harvests

Fresh produce services: Mahindra can effectively farming & engage with the farmers throughodisseminate information on growing techniques

Seed Distribution: Mahindra can help the seeds/saplings of jatropha plant at a competitiv

Financial service: Mahindra can provide special fipurchasing agri-vehicles at less interest rates and areas. It can also provide finance to farmers forcultivating jatropha

Insurance: It can increase the sales of insurance in the rmore aware of the benefits of the insurance plans & their

How Mahindra can Help the Farmers

Farmers

Mahindra-ShubhLabh

Services

Mahindra-Farm

EquipmentDivision

Mahindra-FinancialServices

Mahindra-Insurance &

RuralHousingFinance


13/16

COST OF PRODUCTION OF BIOD

INPUTS QU

Jatropha seeds 10

Unskilled labor 6 h

Managerial labor 1 h

Administrative labor 4 h

Chemicals Used

Methanol 60

sodium hydroxide 21

Electricity 25

Interest on Fixed capital at

Depreciation on machinery at

Depreciation on other assets at

Freight and other incidentals

Total cost (A)

Revenue from byproducts

Glycerol 46

Oil cake 67

Total Revenue(B)

Net cost incurred (A)-(B)

Recovery of biodiesel/tonne of jatropha seeds 27

Net cost/Kg of biodiesel

Initial outlay

Estimated cost of setting up 10 tonne per

day plant8-10crore

This includes installation and commissioning of:

Trans esterification plant

esterification plant

Glycerin refining plant

Laboratory

Crude oil extraction

crude oil refining

Waste treatment plant

Financials of setting up a Biodiesel Production Plant

Govt. of India has already declared Biodiesel

Purchase Policy wherein any biodiesel producer can

supply biodiesel @ Rs.34/- per litre to public sector

petroleum companies.


14/16

Conclusion

Producing biodiesel form non-edible oil is the solution to many problems: environmental problems, energy secuimports and improving agricultural economy

Investment in biodiesel is an investment in local communities. Biodiesel creates green-collar jobs.

A socially responsible Mahindra can enter the business of biodiesel production to make green fuel available for thindustry in India

In this holistic approach, Mahindra can include farmers to setup a value chain around biodiesel production

Mahindra can also enhance its customer base by providing its services to the newly empowered farmers of jatropha p

This initiative will enable both the rural population and Mahindra to Rise


15/16


16/16

Thank You

jatropha plantation final ppt

Documents