japanese approach for sustainable road transport … · 2011-10-27 · japanese approach for...

JAPANESE APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Kunihiko OKA

ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• MLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), Japan

• Director of Road Environment Plannning Office, Environment and Safety Division, Road Bureau y ,

• [email protected]

1

CONTENTS OF TODAY’S PRESENTATION

1 INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION2. JAPAN’S CO2 EMISSIONS AND ECONOMIC

GROWTHGROWTH3. FRAMEWORK FOR CO2 EMISSIONS-REDUCTION4. SPECIFIC MEASURES IN INTEGRATED APPROACH

4.1. ROAD (Traffic Flow Improvement)4.2. DRIVING BEHAVIOUR (Eco-driving)4 3 CAR (Fuel Efficiency Improvement of Individual Vehicles)4.3. CAR (Fuel Efficiency Improvement of Individual Vehicles)4.4. TRANSPORT (Modal Shift)4.5. LOGISTIC (Efficiency Improvement)4.5. LOGISTIC (Efficiency Improvement)4.6. TDM (Traffic Demand Management)

5. CONCLUSION

2

1. INTRODUCTION

World GHG emissionsWorld GHG emissionsDeveloped countries: Large per capita. Efforts toward reduction under the Kyoto Protocolreduction under the Kyoto Protocol. Emerging and Developing countries: Anticipated to rise every year with ecnomic growth.every year with ecnomic growth.

• It is important to reduce CO2 emissions withIt is important to reduce CO2 emissions with economic growth.

• Japan is the few countries to success it. p• To success it, Japan has promoted various

countermeasures under the Kyoto Protocol. y

3

2. JAPAN’S CO2 EMISSIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

W t Other A i ti

Industrial process

3 5%

Waste

2.5%

Other

0.0%

80%

90%

100%

Aviation

RailwayTransport

230 million ton

Freight

Household

14.1%

3.5%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%Inland Waterway

T t l

Transport

20.1％

Passenger

gvehicleApprox.

40 %

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%TotalCO2 Emission1,145 million

tons

PassengervehicleApprox.50 %

Energy

conversion

7.0%Industrial

Clerical & Other

18 8%

0%tons

Japan’s CO2 emissions by sector (FY 2009)C il d b d fi b th G h G I t Offi f J

Industrial

33.9%

18.8%

Compiled based on figures by the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan

4


CO2 emission (million t CO ) FY 2009 definite value(million t-CO2) FY 2009 definite value

FY 2010 target＊

Passenger vehicle

Other modes

Freight vehicle

Changes in CO2 emissions in Japan’s transport sector (1990 - 2009)Source : MLIT website

Other modes: Bus, Taxi, Railway, Ship, Aviation* FY 2010 target, the best-case figure under the Kyoto Protocol Target

Achievement Plan (March 28, 2008 by cabinet resolution).

Source : MLIT website

5


300 ) (ton)

JPN250

300

CO2 Emission in Transport (million ton)

JPN200

250

ort (

milli

on to

n)

ita (t

rans

port)

USA

CAN

FRA

DEU

ITAMEX

UKD

150

200

CAN

FRADEU

ITA

MEX

ESP UKD100

150

sion

in T

rans

po

sion

s pe

r cap

i

AUS

KOR

ESP

-

50

100

1990's Data : Plot background color = BLACK ex ◆2005's Data : Plot foreground color = WHITE ex

AUSKOR

-

50

00

CO

2E

mis

s

1990's Data: Plot background color = BLACK ex ◇2005's Data: Plot background color = WHITE ex ◇ C

O2

emis

s

Per capita GDP ($)

UKD

IndiaChina

FRA JPN

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

GDP (billion 2000 US$ using PPPs) 　　Data:1990-2005- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 GDP (billion 2000 US$ using PPPs)

Per capita GDP ($)

Relationship between GDP growth and CO2 emission in various countries

Relationship between per capita GDP and CO2 emission (transport sector)

in various countries (2004)CO2 emission in various countries (1990–2005)

Sources: Created from IEA, "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2007" and OECD, "OECD Environmental Data 2006-2007 "

in various countries (2004)Sources: Created from IEA, "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion" and WORLD BANK, “World Development Indicators Database."

2006 2007.

6

There are countries with both economic growth and decreasing CO2 emissions in transportation sector

3. FRAMEWORK FOR CO2 EMISSIONS-REDUCTION

1998 : Enacted the Law Concerning the Promotion of Measures to1998 : Enacted the Law Concerning the Promotion of Measures to Cope with Global Warming.

2005 : Set Kyoto Protocol Goal Achievement Plan by Cabinet l ti It t d ti t t f FY 2010 i iresolution. It sets reduction targets for FY 2010 emissions

for each sector. Targets for greenhouse gas emission suppression and absorption under the Kyoto g g g pp p y

Protocol Target Achievement Plan

Base Year FY 2010 emission yardstick

Million t-CO2 Million t-CO2Total emissions vs.

base year

Energy CO2 emissions 1,059 1,076～1,089 +1.3 % ～+2.3 %

Transport 217 240～243 +1.8 % ～+2.0 %

Total greenhouse gas emissions 1,261 1,239～1,252 -1.8 % ～-0.8 %

7

4. SPECIFIC MEASURES IN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Diverting car trafficReduction of CO2 emissions

Travel Demand

ManagementEfficient l i tiModal shiftImproved

t ffi flDriving

b h i

Improved fuel economy of

Higher fuel efficiency

Eco-driving,Idling stop

Management (TDM)

logisticsModal shifttraffic flow behavior economy of individual car

Promote transit,Improved

Combined transport &

Bottleneck removal

Park and ride,Road pricingefficiency

standards,Next-

generation car

Idling stop Improved environment for

cycling

transport & delivery,

Modal shifts

removal,Construction of ring roads,ITS technology

Road pricing,Compact cities

System of measures to reduce automobile-source CO2 emissions

8

4.1. Traffic Flow ImprovementL CO E i i f ti l t l d- Less CO2 Emissions from optimal travel speed-

400

300

400

km)

Speed zone that requires smoothing of traffic flow (anti-congestion measures)

200

ns (g

-CO

2/k

100

O2

emis

sion

E i t ll

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

CO Environmentally

optimal speed zone

The relationship between travel speed and CO2 emissionsAverage travel speed (km/h)

9

Smoother traffic leads to optimal travel speed, contributing to reducing CO2 emissions.

4.1. Traffic Flow ImprovementB ttl k Eli i ti- Bottlenecks Elimination-

Status of major traffic congestion points in Tokyo Metropolitan area

High Priority sections due to time loss by traffic congestion

900

1000

1100

1200

時間

交通円滑化事業実施箇所

重点対策区間Road sections for priority action

Road sections where measures cong

estio

n

Approx. 50km radius

400

500

600

700

800

渋滞

損失

時交通円滑化事業実施箇所to smooth traffic have been taken

due

to tr

affic

c

0

100

200

300

400

渋区間数

Tim

e lo

ss d

区間数Number of sections

Before After

Japan’s thinking on major traffic congestion points

10Grade separation project of intersection Measures for bottleneck railroad crossings

Before After

4.1. Traffic Flow ImprovementC t ti f Ri R d i U b A- Construction of Ring Roads in Urban Areas -

TohokudoBefore opening After opening

Approx.

Congestionlength(km)

Metropolitan Inter-city Expressway

Gaikan Expressway

Central Circular Route

Tohokudo

Kanetsudo

Jobando pp30% decrease

Central Circular Route

Inner Circular Route

Chuodo Tokando

Narita Airport

＊congestion length : length of section 20km/h and under in interurban expressway & entire Tokyo line.

Tomei TateyamadoHaneda Airport

CO2 approx. 34,000 tons/year ReductionEstimate for expressways and ordinary roads in Tokyo Capital Region (4 prefectures)

p y y(peak-hour: 11:00~11:59AM weekdays )Tokyo Bay

Aqua-lineExpressway

Daisan-Keihin

Wangando

Airport

Blue Lines : Opened by April 2010

Changes in CO2 emissions by sector (1990 - 2009)Source : MLIT website

Blue Lines : Opened by April 2010Red Lines : not yet completed

Status of construction of the three ring roads in Tokyo metropolitan area

Effects of constructing the part of Central Circular Route

Sources : Metropolitan Expressway Co., Ltd., Website

11

4.1. Traffic Flow ImprovementUSE f ITS t h l- USE of ITS technology -

Car Navigation System Displayg y p y(red : congestion)

Display

Traffic congestion guidance using VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System)

ETC mechanism(Electronic Toll Collection system)

VICS receiver

12

(Vehicle Information and Communication System)

4.2. Eco-driving and other draving behaviour

Level of eco-driving is analyzed by accelerator and brake

5 min. agoMomentary fuel economy

Level of eco driving is analyzed by accelerator and brake operation. Speedometer’s background color changes to feed back fuel consumption status in real-time.

「利用者全体」の燃費改善率

10%

12%「利用者全体」の燃費改善率

10%

12%Percentage improvement in fuel economy for “all users”

(%)

10 min. ago15 min. ago20 min. ago25 min. ago

Momentary fuel economy

Fuel economy in this time

Fuel economy in last time

BAD GOOD

燃費改善率（％4%

6%

8%

10%

燃費改善率（％4%

6%

8%

10%

my

impr

ovem

ent

％）

運転経験（回数）50 100 150 200 250 300

0%

2%

4%％）

運転経験（回数）50 100 150 200 250 300

0%

2%

4%

Driving experience (times)Fu

elec

onom

<Display for the Eco Assist> <Average fuel economy improvement for all drivers>

Reduced fuel consumption through eco-drivingSources : Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Website

13

4.3. Fuel Efficiency improvement of Individual Vehicles

Average fuel economy is improving for Latel H brid ehicles ha e spread rapidl

900 000

1,000,000

1,100,000 Hybrid VehicleMethanol

15.6 16.0

(km

/L)

new car (sold)

Average fuel economy is improving for cars registered since 2000.

Lately, Hybrid vehicles have spread rapidly.

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

(veh

icle

s)

Natural gasElectric Vehicle

13.7 14 0

15.0

cons

umpt

ion new car (sold)

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Ow

ners

hip

12.5

13.2

12.513.0

14.0

Ave

rage

fuel

0

100,000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010Fiscal Year

Created based on "Environmental Statistical Summary", Ministry of the Environment

12.1

12.5

12.0 1990 1995 2000 2005

Fiscal Year

registered (owned)

Created based on Environmental Statistical Summary , Ministry of the Environment

Average fuel economy of Japanese automobiles

(1990-2006)

Dissemination of low-emission vehicles in Japan

14

( )

4.4. Modal ShiftP ti f P bli T t ti U- Promotion of Public Transportation Use -

Buses and railways emit less CO2 perAs share of public transport increases, CO2 emissions tend to decrease.

0.25

0.30

000

USD

)

AUSAUTBELCANCZEDNKFINFRAPassenger car

Buses and railways emit less CO2 per person-km than passenger cars.

2

CAN LUXUSA

0 15

0.20

DP

(ton

per

10 FRA

DEUGRCHUNISLIRLITAJPNKOR

g

Aviation

Bus AUS

AUT

FIN

GRCHUN

ISL IRLJPN

KOR

NZL

POLSVK

ESP

TUR

UKD0.10

0.15

Tran

spor

t per

G

KORLUXMEXNLDNZLNORPOLPRTSVK

Bus

Railway

CZE

HUNPRT SVK

-

0.05

0% 10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%C

O2

in T SVK

ESPSWECHETURUKDUSA

g-CO2/person-km (FY 2009)

Public Transport Model ShareCO2 emissions per person by transport mode


Relationship between the share of publictransportation and CO2 emission in

transportation sector (1990 2000 2005)

15

transportation sector (1990, 2000, 2005)Sources: Created from IEA, "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

2007" and OECD, "OECD Environmental Data 2006-2007."

4.4. Modal ShiftI t f C li E i t- Improvement of Cycling Environment-

Bicycle lane Underground parking Sidewalk for pedestrians Bicycle lane lot for cyclistsand cyclists

P i tCurb line

Private

Traffic marking (bicycle sidewalk traveling section)

Private property

Sidewalk for pedestrians & cyclists

Roadway

Private property

16

Pedestrian way Bicycle lane

Roadway pedestrians & cyclistsStreet utilities(as necessary)

4.5. Streamlining Logistics

Commercial trucks emit fewer CO2 per ton km than personal truck;

(billion ton –km)

Commercial

ton-km than personal truck; ship and railway emit even less.

PrivatePrivate truck

Commercial truck

1990 1995 2000 2005

Ship

Railway1990 1995 2000 2005

(Fiscal Year)Source : MLIT, “Statistical Survey of Motor Vehicle Transport”

g-CO2/ton-km (FY 2009)

CO emissions per cargo volumeChanges in independent

CO2 emissions per cargo volume by transport mode


conversion of trucks (1990-2006)Sources: White Paper on Land, Infrastructure Transport and

Tourism in Japan, 2008

17

4.6. Traffic Demand Management (TDM)T ffi C i M t Eli i t C ti- Traffic Conversion Measures to Eliminate Congestion -

Home Car Parking Bus Station Walk OfficeCongestion length

) DivertHousingToll A

ion

leng

th (k

m) Tim

e required

Toll B Toll A Toll B

Con

gest

d (min.) Coast

Image of “Environmental Road Pricing”

Source : Hanshin Expressway Company Limited websiteTraffic congestion reduction effect

Congestion length Before After

Time required Before After

Source : Hanshin Expressway Company Limited websiteTraffic congestion reduction effect by adoption of “Park & Ride” in

Kanazawa City

18

5. CONCLUSION

• Balancing economic growth with reducing CO emissions• Balancing economic growth with reducing CO2 emissions from the transportation sector is possible.

• Road development to smooth traffic flow is effective in• Road development to smooth traffic flow is effective in reducing CO2 emissions from transportation sector.

• It is important to take integrated approach that promotedIt is important to take integrated approach that promoted the countermeasures to contribute to CO2 emissions reduction in various fields, such as roads, automobiles, transport planning, logistics etc.

• Emerging and developing nations may use experiences of successful countries in reducing CO2 emissions from transport sector.

19

japanese approach for sustainable road transport … · 2011-10-27 · japanese approach for...

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