japan earthquake & tsunami
TRANSCRIPT
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Japans arthquake&Tsunami 2011
(REUTERS)
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Images courtesy of the US Geological Survey
Magnitude 9.0 NEAR
THE EAST COAST
OF HONSHU, JAPAN
Friday, March 11,
2011 at 05:46:23
UTC
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The earthquake
occurred 130
km (80 miles)east of Sendai
and 373 km
(231 miles)
northeast ofTokyo.
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This is one of the largest earthquakes
that Japan has ever experienced.
Part of houses
swallowed by tsunami
burn in Sendai, Miyagi
Prefecture (state)
after Japan was
struck by a strong
earthquake off its
northeastern coast
Friday, March 11,
2011.
New York Times
In downtown Tokyo, large buildings shook violently. Elsewhere
severe flooding occurred due to a tsunami generated by the
earthquake.
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Tsunami waves
swept awayhouses and cars in
northern Japan
and pushed ships
aground.
The earthquake caused some damage
but the tsunami was devastating
The tsunami waves
traveled far inland,
the wave of debrisracing across the
farmland, carrying
boats and houses
with it.
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CNN reported The quake rattled
buildings and toppled cars off bridgesand into waters underneath. Waves of
debris flowed like lava across farmland,
pushing boats, houses and trailers
toward highways.
A number of fires broke out including
one at an oil refinery which was burning
out of control.
Giant fireballs rise from a burning oil
refinery in Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture
(state) after Japan was struck by a
strong earthquake off its northeastern
coast Friday, March 11, 2011.
Los Angeles Times
Fires after earthquakes are often caused by broken gas pipelines
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Lets take a look at tsunami as it hits the
east coast of Japan
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-
pacific-12725646
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12725646 -
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Globally, this is the 5thlargest earthquake
since 1900 (or 4thdepends on M).
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Magnitude
Year
Great (M > 8) Earthquakes Since 1900
Chile1906
Chile 1960
Alaska 1964
Sumatra 2004
Chile 2010
Japan 2011
Russia 1952
Ecuador 1906
Alaska 1965
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What is a Tsunami?
(harbor wave)Seismic sea waves (NOTtidal waves)
Large ocean wave or series of ocean waves
generated by an earthquake, volcanic eruption,submarine landslide or meteor impact
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How do EQs cause a tsunami?
http://geology.com/articles/tsunami-geology.shtml
http://sese.asu.edu/teacher-resources
http://sese.asu.edu/teacher-resourceshttp://sese.asu.edu/teacher-resourceshttp://sese.asu.edu/teacher-resourceshttp://sese.asu.edu/teacher-resources -
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Tsunami causes Unless there is an underwater landslide, strike-
slip EQ WILL NOTcause tsunami
Most tsunami generated by subduction zones
Chile
Alaska
Japan
Cascadia Philippines
Caribbean
New Zealand
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Tsunami wavelength andspeed Long wavelengths (over 100 km)
Travel at high speeds : 450 to 650 mph
316,800 ft = 60 miles
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Nearby the
earthquake there
are only minutes
to evacuate.
However, in manyother regions
there is advance
warning.
How long beforethe tsunami
reaches Los
Angeles?
Projected travel times for the arrival of
tsunami waves across the Pacific
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What happens when tsunamigets near shore? Tsunami slows down (shallower water)
Wave gets taller
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Tsunami nears shore As wave gets into shallow water bottom of
wave drags along ocean floor
Top of wave still moving fast: causes
cresting of wave, and breaking onto shore
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Tsunami warning
Receding of coastal waters ( 5 - 15 minutes before
the strike ).
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Approaching tsunamis are almost always
heralded by a noticeable fall of coastal
waters. Water may recede several hundreds of
meters. If you are on the beach, and you
see water suddenly receding, exposingthe ocean floor, it means that you have
minutes before the tsunami strikes.
What do you do?
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Run for high ground
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Lets take a look at what Japan looks like
before and after
http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/jap
an-quake-2011/
http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/japan-quake-2011/ -
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Detecting a tsunami Pressure recorder on
bottom of ocean
Buoy to communicatereadings via satellite
Tsunami Warning
Centers issue warning
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Tsunami Warning Centers Hawaii and Alaska
When EQ considered capable of
generating tsunami, send warning with
estimated arrival time
Once tsunami hits
somewhere, tsunami
watch established tomonitor tide gauges
and ocean buoys
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Tsunami Monitoring Systems
Locations of NOAAs National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) DART stations comprising the operational network
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Tsunami Warning
When warning is issuedlow lyingareas are evacuated
U.S. Coast guard issues warnings overmarine frequencies
Some places have sirens