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7

iïmQ¾K kvq ;Skaÿj

RATNAYAKE AND OTHERS vs C.D. PERERA AND OTHERS

SUPREME COURT

SHARVANANDA J. VICTOR PERERA J. AND COLIN THOME J.

S.C. 32/81 -- C.A. No. 2332/80

May 3 and 4 1982.

Trade Union Ordinance, Section 52 – Interpretation Ordinance, Section 2 (gg) Writ of

Mandamus – Availability of enforce performance of public duty – No private contractual right.

The applicant and the 3 respondents are teachers and are also members of the Lanka Guru

Sangamaya. A is a member of the General Committee of the Sangamaya for the year 1980/81,

1st respondent is the Secretary, 2nd respondent is the President and 3rd respondent is the

Treasurer.

The appellants 43 in number alleged that as duly elected members of the General Committee

they requisitioned a meeting of the Central Committee in terms of their Constitution but that

the respondents acting in concert refused to convene the meeting and had committed various

other breaches of their duties in violation of the Constitution.

The applicants therefore prayed for a Writ of Mandamus directing the respondents to do

various things besides convening the meeting.

The respondents filed objections stating that the Writ of Mandamus was not available to

applicants.

June 1st, 1982.

SHARVANANDA J.

The petitioners-appellants and the three respondents belong to the teaching profession. They

are members of the trade union called and known as 'Lanka Teachers Union' (Lanka Guru

Sangamaya). The petitioners-appellants are elected members of the General Committee of the

8

Sangamaya for the year 1980/81 and came to function as such from 27.7.1980. The first

respondent is the elected General Secretary and 2nd respondent is the elected President and

the 3rd respondent is the elected Treasurer of the said union for the year 1980/81 and have

functioned as such from 27th June 1980.

Under the provisions of the Constitution of the Union, the first respondent is charged with the

performance of the administrative duties of the union under the supervision of the General

Committee and with the duty of convening meetings of the Central Committee and General

Meetings of the Union in accordance with the Constitution of the Union, the second

respondent is under a duty to preside at meetings and ensure the observance of the Rules of

the Constitution at meetings, and the third respondent is charged with the duty of keeping

proper accounts of the union and ensuring that union funds are used for purposes authorized

by the Central Committee and to prevent utilization of the funds of the union without the

sanction of the Central Committee in accordance with the rules of the union.

The petitioners who numbered 43 in the Court of Appeal alleged inter alia that they were all

duly elected members of the Central Committee of the union and that despite the requisition

dated 20th August 1980 signed by the 38 members to convene the meeting of the Central

Committee, the 1st and 2nd respondents acting in concert with the 3rd respondent have inter

alia refused to convene a meeting of the Central Committee and had committed various

breaches of their duties in violation of the provisions of the union Constitution. The petitioners

therefore prayed for the issue of a Writ of Mandamus.

a) directing the 1st, 2nd and 3rd respondents to convene a meeting of the Central Committee of the Lanka Guru Sangamaya for the purpose of submitting a statement of claims of expenditure and income and consideration of such statement.

b) for the appointment of a date of meeting of the Central Committee. c) for an injunction restraining any expenditure by the 1st, 2nd and 3rd respondents of the

money of the union other than expenses necessary for the convening of the Central Committee meeting.

d) directing the respondents to place on the Agenda of meeting: (i) the consideration of returns and declarations made by the

respondents under the provisions of the Trade Union Ordinance and the issuing of directions by the Central Committee in respect thereof.

(ii) directions by the Central Committee in respect of all financial matters and legal actions pending in Court.

The respondents filed objections to the application. While denying the allegations of the

petitioners they took the objection in limine, that the application of the petitioners for the

9

grant of Writ of Mandamus was misconceived and that such a Writ was not available to the

petitioners.

The Court of Appeal upheld the objection, and held that the duty cast on the Secretary of the

Lanka Guru Sangamaya to summon a meeting of the Central Committee on a requisition made

by 1/3 of the members of the Central Committee was not a duty of a public nature and hence

the Writ of Mandamus did not lie to compel its performance. The petitioners have preferred

this appeal against the order of dismissal of their application.

The main contention of the petitioners-appellants is that the duty to summon the meeting is a

statutory duty and that the duty is of a public nature. Reference was made to the provisions of

the Trade Union Ordinance and regulations made thereunder, and it was contended that the

Constitution of the Lanka Guru Sangamaya had statutory orientation being "Written Law"

within the meaning of section 2(gg) of the Interpretation Ordinance.

The Interpretation Ordinance section 2(gg) (Chap. 2) states that:

"In the Ordinance and in every written law …."Written Law" shall mean and include "all

Ordinance and Act of Parliament and all Orders, Rules, Bye-Laws, Regulations ……made

by any body of persons under the authority of the statute."

It was submitted that the sole question posed by this section was whether the Rules of the

Union have been made under the authority of a statute and if so, they constituted "Written

Law". Counsel urged that these rules have been made under the authority of the Trade Union

Ordinance and the Regulations made thereunder. Section 52 of the Trade Union Ordinance

authorizes the making of regulations by the Minister. It provides that the Minister may make

Regulations for the purpose of carrying out or giving effect to the principles and provisions of

the Ordinance. There is no provision in the Trade Union Ordinance or in the Regulations made

thereunder empowering any private person or group private persons to frame any statutory

Rules or Constitution for any trade union. It is not claimed that the Constitution of the Lanka

Guru Sangamaya was made by the Minister or any other public authority in the exercise of the

regulation making power under section 52.

It was, however submitted by Counsel that, as section 8 of the Ordinance makes registration of

a trade union compulsory and as section 10 makes satisfaction of the Registrar, that the

objects, rules and Constitution of the union do not conflict with any of such provisions and are

not unlawful, condition precedent to registration of such union and as section 38 makes it

mandatory that Rules of every registered trade union should provide for all the matters

specified in the First Schedule and as part VI of the Ordinance makes provision for certain

10

matters of the Constitution of the union that the Rules or Constitution of the union constituted

"Written Law" as defined in the Interpretation Ordinance and hence had statutory force.

The fundamental flow in the argument relating to the applicability of Section 2 (gg) of the

Interpretation Ordinance is that it overlooks the fact that the statutory definition of the words

contained in section 2 of the Interpretation Ordinance applies only when such words are part

of any enactment and are to be interpreted. That definition cannot be applied in a non-

statutory context. Our attention has not been drawn to the words "Written Law" in the text of

the Ordinance and hence that definition of "Written Law" cannot be invoked in support of the

argument that the Rules of the Union constituted Law of the land.

Regulation 3 of the Trade Union Regulations of 1935 made under section 52 of the Ordinance

provides that every application made under section 9(1) of the Ordinance for the registration

of a Trade Union should be substantially in a form 'B' of the Registration and form 'B' requires a

copy of the Rules of the union to be attached to the application for registration. For a trade

union to be registered under section 8, it is essential that it should have a Constitution or Rules.

Section 38 mandates that the Rules of the union should provide for the matters specified in the

first schedule. One of the matters so specified is the appointment or election and removal of

any Executive and of Trustees, Secretary, Treasurer and other Officers of the Trade Union.

According to item 8 of the form 'B' referred to in regulation 3 provision has to be made in the

Rules of the union inter alia for the manner in which the meeting of the union should be held,

minutes of the meetings should be recorded and confirmed and meeting of the Board should

take place and the manner in which the executives, the officers of the union, the auditor or

trustee shall be appointed and removed. Compliance with the requirement that the trade

union should have a constitution and that the constitution should provide for all matters

referred to above, is a sine qua non to secure registration of the union. It is however to be

noted that the contents of the Rules are left to the free determination of the members of the

union. Section 15 empowers Registrar to cancel the registration if the trade union rescinds any

Rules providing for any matter for which provision is required by section 38. The fallacy in

counsel's argument lies in his assumption that registration of the union in conformity with the

requirements of the Trade Union Ordinance operates to stamp the union's constitution with

statutory character. Registration does not impart any statutory quality to the Rules of the

union. Trade unions are not the creation of statute, they are the creations of contract and their

rules are consensual in nature.

The registered trade union is not a corporation, nor an individual nor a partnership. A union

becomes on registration a legal entity distinct from an unregistered trade union. A registered

trade union is recognized by the law as a body distinct from the individuals who from time to

time compose it. Bonsor vs. Musician Union (1).

11

A trade union thus possesses some sort of entity apart from its members. However, a trade

union is basically a voluntary association and contract is the foundation or basis for its rules.

The union has no statutory constitution – the rights of its members stem from the contract of

membership. The fundamental concept that the relationship between the members and the

trade union is the product of contract has to be borne in mind in determining the question of

law raised in the appeal namely whether it is a private or public body.

The general rule of Mandamus is that its function is to compel a public authority to do its duty.

The essence of Mandamus is that it is a command issued by the superior Court for the

performance of public legal duty. Where officials have a public duty to perform and have

refused to perform, Mandamus will lie to secure the performance of the public duty, in the

performance of which the applicant has sufficient legal interest. It is only granted to compel

the performance of duties of a public nature and not merely of private character that is to say

for the enforcement of a mere private right, stemming from a contract of the parties –

"The duty to be performed must be of a public nature. A Mandamus will not lie to order

admission or restoration to an office essentially of a private character nor in general will

it lie to secure the due performance of the obligations owed by a company towards its

members or to resolve any other private dispute such as a claim to reinstatement to

membership of a trade union nor will it issue to a private arbitral tribunal " de Smith –

Judicial Review 4th Ed. page 540.

It is settled law that for Mandamus to lie the applicant must have a legal right to the

performance of some duty, of a public and not of a private character – Perera vs. Municipal

Council, Colombo (2). Even a duty arising under a statute may be a duty of a private kind. It was

held in Perera vs. Ceylon Government Railway Union Staff Benevolent Fund (3) that the duty

under section 17 of the Railway Union Staff Benevolent Fund Ordinance of the Secretary and

Treasurer to summon a General Meeting is neither a public duty nor a duty to be performed in

the interests or for the benefit of the people and that hence a Writ of Mandamus will not lie to

compel its performance. It was again held in De Alwis vs Silva (4) that the administrative

regulations laid down in the Ceylon Government Manual of Procedure did not have the status

of "Law" and that non-compliance with them could not be enforced by Mandamus. Thus it is

fundamental for the invocation of the remedy of a Writ of Mandamus that there must be

refusal to perform some duty of a public nature and not of a private character.

Counsel for the applicants referred to the case of Siriwardena vs Fernando (5) as pointing out

the criteria for identifying what was "Office of public nature" for the purpose of the issue of the

Writ of Quo Warranto. In that case it was held that offices of President and Vice President

created by bye-laws of a Co-operative Society registered under section 6 of the Co-operative

12

Societies Ordinance were offices of a public nature. The judgment in that case is based on the

admission of Counsel for both, petitioner and the respondents, that the office in question was

one "which had been created under a statute" and on the assumption that a bye-law of the

Nattandiya Coconut Producers Co-operative Society Ltd, Lunuwila, was "written law" within the

meaning of the section 2(gg) of the Interpretation Ordinance. The correctness of this admission

and assumption is open to question and this conclusion may have to be reviewed in an

appropriate case. It is not necessary for the purpose of this case to go into the question of the

correctness of the above conclusion it is sufficient to state that it is not legitimate to apply the

indicia for identifying an "office of a public nature" to determine what is a "duty of a public

nature" for the enforcement of what a Writ of Mandamus will lie.

"The right of the applicant may arise from and the duty which he seeks to enforce may be

imposed by either (1) statute (2) charter or (3) the common law or custom as e.g. the right of

burial in the parish church yard" – Short on Mandamus 228. However today the chief function

of the Writ is to compel the performance of public duties prescribed by statute through it lies

as well for the enforcement of a common law public duty. Lord Campbell C.J. in Ex-Parte Napier

(6) at 695 stated that-"a legal obligation which is the proper substratum of a Mandamus can

arise only from common law statute or some contract".

Professor Wade in his book 'Administrative Law' 4th Edition page 603 correctly characterized

this statement as a loose dictum which need not necessarily mean that Lord Campbell through

that Mandamus was a remedy for a breach of contract. "Rights flowing merely from a contract

of membership should not be within the scope of Mandamus" The Court does not issue a Writ

of Mandamus in a case in which the right, which the petitioner wants to enforce is based on a

contract. Contractual duties are enforceable as matter of private law by the ordinary

contractual remedies such as damages, injunctions and specific performance. Duties

enforceable by Mandamus are those imposed by law. "This is an application at the instance of

several partners in a trading company to compel its co-partners in a trading company to divide

the profits but that is merely a private purpose and present a fit subject for inquiry on the

other side of the Hall. There is no instance in which the Courts have granted a Mandamus to a

trading corporation" per Bayley J. in King vs Governor & Co. Bank of England (7).

The prerogative remedies of Certiorari, Prohibition; and Mandamus cover the field of

governmental powers and duties. Modern Government is founded almost exclusively on

statutory powers and duties vested in public bodies and the regular method of enforcement of

those duties is by way of Mandamus. If a public official refuses to perform his duties,

Mandamus is the proper remedy. But if an official of a body such as a trade union vested with

no statutory power conducts himself in the same way this remedy is inapplicable. The rights of

13

its members are spent by their contract of membership and are secured by the ordinary

remedies of private law.

The Rules of a trade union are not statutory Rules and cannot be equated to the regulations

framed under section 52 of the ordinance. They are the terms of the contract of association

between the members of the union. In the course of his judgment in Bonsor vs Musicians union

(1) Denning L. J. said of Trade Union rules - "They are more like bye-laws than a contract ".

Diplock L.J. and Upjohn L.J. in Farasmus vs Film Artists Association (8) dissented from this view

and stated that there was no true analogy between the rules of a trade union and the bye-laws

of a public corporation and that the principle of ultra vires was not applicable to the rules of

trade unions as it would apply in the case of bye-laws. On appeal The House of Lords (1964 – 1

A.E.R. page 25) approved this statement of the law.

In the relationship between union and members or among the members including the officials

of a trade union, the constitution of the union occupies a position of primary legal importance.

The rights and obligations of the union are demarcated by the Rules. It is a reflection of the fact

that the trade union is a voluntary association that the general principle governing its

constitution is that of freedom of contract. The union rules are all framed freely according to

the will of the members and their enforceability is governed by general principles of the law of

contract, a transgression of the rules is wrongful for the reason that it is a breach of the

contract of association, it is therefore open to an aggrieved member to seek his remedy in

private law but since the rules do not involve performance of a duty of public nature the

remedy of Mandamus will not be available to him.

Counsel for the petitioners referred to the powerful position of trade unions in the operation

of the welfare society of today and to the momentous impact of their actions on the public at

large. On this score, Counsel contented that the public are interested in the performance by

the officials of the union of their duties and that hence those duties are of public nature. The

fallacy in the argument is manifest. The measure of a body's potentiality to affect the public at

large cannot be the criterion for determining the legal status of the body whether it is a public

or private body.

Lord Denning's observations on the inadequacy of present legal remedies to counter the

mischief resulting from group action is apposite here:

"In the 19th century the individual was predominant in our affairs, in the 2oth century it

is a group. The industrial scene is dominated by groups of employers on the one hand

and employees on the other. The nationalized undertakings of large companies control

the destinies of thousands and spend millions of money. The associations of workmen –

14

organized officially and unofficially – exert enormous power over working men and

women and have great impact on the daily lives of the people. Like the powers of

government, these powers of the groups are capable of misuse and abuse. ….The trade

unions and employers associations are all voluntary associations….they wield

tremendous power over every man and woman in the land. They can give or take away

his or her right to work. They can put him or her on the dole. They can call strikes or

other lock-outs. By so doing they can inflict widespread damage….. The question at

once arises; if these groups of people abuse or misuse their power can the Court of Law

do anything to restrain them? It is the most important question affecting society today.

None of the old machinery of Certiorari, Mandamus or Prohibition is available against

these groups because they are not public authorities. If there is to be machinery it has

to be newly designed and newly made" Lord Denning. The Discipline of Law at page 147

at 148.

In my view neither the "Lanka Guru Sangamaya" nor the respondents, its officials are public

bodies performing duties of a public nature. The duties that the petitioners want the three

respondents to be compelled to perform by a Writ of Mandamus are not duties of a public

nature for which such a Writ will lie. They are contractual duties outside the ambit of

Mandamus.

The activities of private persons, whether natural or juristic are outside the bounds of

Administrative Law. Trade Exchange Ceylon Ltd. vs Asia Hotels Corporation Ltd. (9).

I agree with the Court of Appeal that the petitioners have misconceived their remedy. I affirm

the judgment of that Court and dismiss the appeal with costs.

VICTOR PERERA, J. – I agree.

COLIN – THOME, J. – I agree.

Appeal dismissed.

(Sri Lanka Law Report – page 451 Vol. 2 of 1982)

by; i`oyka l< mrsos ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wjYH;djhg rd' uq' r;akdhl m%uqL msßi" wNshdpkd wêlrKhg f.dia"

^w& fkdmudj uyd iNd /iaùula le|jk f,ig yd"

^wd& uyd iNd /iaùu le|ùug hk úhou yer wka ish¨ úhoï lsÍu kj;ajd,k f,ig"

15

m%Odk f,alï Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd" iNdm;s tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ yd NdKavd.dßl wurfiak o is,ajd g tfrysj uekavduqia ßÜ wd×jla ksl=;a lrk f,ig weheo isáfha" kuq;a" wNshdpkd wêlrKh f,alï Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd m%uqL wfkla fofokdg tjeks wd×jla ksl=;a lsÍu m%;slafIAm lf<a tA i|yd ffk;sl n,hla wêlrKh i;=j ke; hk ;SrKfha msysgdh' fya;= ldrKd u; fkdfõ' tu ;SrKh wNsfhda. lrñka Tjqka fY%aIAGdêlrKhg .sho" thska m,la fkdjqfka wNshdpkd wêlrK ;Skaÿj ;yjqre lsßfuka iy jD;a;Sh iñ;shl kS;Hdkql+, ;;jh" tkï —,sÅ; kS;shZZg ^written law) hg;ao keoao nj meyeÈ<s lsÍulskah' jD;a;Sh iñ;shl" ffk;sl Ndjh meyeÈ,s flfrk fuu ;Skaÿjg fya;=jQ rd'uq' r;akdhl m%uqL msßfia W;aidyh" fÉ;kdj l=ula jqjo" w.h l< hq;=h' tu msßi kvqfjka mrdch jQjdhs uu fkdi,lñ' Tjqka .;a mshjr Y%S ,xldfõ jD;a;Sh iñ;s jHdmdrfha kS;suh ;;ajh l=ulao hkak meyeÈ,s lrkakla ùu ksidh' rd' uq' r;akdhl we;= msßi" wNshdpkd wêlrKhg hkafka 1980 cQ,s uyd jev j¾ckfhka miqjhs' fuu kvqj 1980 cQ,s uyd jev j¾ckfha m%;sM,hls' 1980 cQ,s uyd jev j¾ckfha§" .=rejre jev j¾ckhg tla lsÍug mqfrda.dó jQfha ,xld .=re ix.uhhs' Wmßu .=rejre ixLHdjla jev j¾ckhg tla lsÍfï ±jeka; ld¾hfha ,xld .=re ix.uh ksr; úh' 1980 cQ,s 17 jk Èk" .=re úoHd, j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejre uyd jev j¾ckhg tlajQ w;r" wfkl=;a .=rejreka tlaùug kshñ;jQ Èkh cQ,s 21 úh' jev j¾ckh fm< .efi;au" 1980 cQ,s 16" wxl 97$6" w;s úfYAI .eiÜ m;%hlska" Y%S ,xldj mqrdu yÈis kS;sh l%shd;aul lrk ,È' tÈku" wxl 97$7 ork w;s úfYAI .eiÜ m;%h u.ska yÈis kS;sh hgf;a l%shd;aul n,;," kS;s" m%ldYkhg m;a lrk ,È' thg foam, n,fhka .ekSu yd w;alr .ekSu" jdyk n,fhka ,nd.ekSu" fiajh n,fhka ,nd .ekSu" fiajd ia:dk j,g we;= ùu ;ykï lsÍu" fmryer yd /iaùï ;ykï lsÍu yd we¢ß kS;sh mekùu" w;awvx.=jg .ekSu" fidaÈis lsÍu" r|jd ;nd .ekSu" igkamdG m%o¾Ykh lsßu" m;%sld fnÞ§u" lgl:d me;srùu" f,aLk uqøKh lsÍu" rdcH wdrlaIdjg yd uyck fiajhg wys;lr fmd;a m;a ,`. ;nd .ekSu" Nsh .ekaùu" úfrdaOh m, lsÍu hk lreKq we;= j" yuqÞ ks,OdÍkag yd fmd,sia ks,OdÍkag" u¾okh lsÍu yd wÞ, úfYaI n,;," ksfhda. /ila wvx.= jQ fuu w;súfYaI .eiÜ m;%h msgq 31 lska iukaú; úh'

16

wdKavqj yÈis kS;sh m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu ms<sn|j 1980 cQ,s 17 Èk —we;a;˜ uq,a msgqfõ uq,a mqj;g iy tosk oskñK mqj;am;go wjdOdkh fhduq lsrsu jeo.;a' we;a; —uq,a mqj;g˜ wkqju" yois kS;s ksfhda. —n,a,g˜ oud" lïlrefjda yd fiajlfhda jev j¾ckhg tla úh' fmr i|yka l< mßÈ 1980 cQ,s 17 jk Èk" .=re úoHd, j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejre uyd jev j¾ckhlg tlaj isáfhah' mdi,a .=rejre jev j¾ckhg tlaùug kshñ; Èkh jqfha" 1980 cq,s 21 h' 1980 cQ,s 20 ,xld .=re ix.ufha" ish¨u m%dfoaYSh l%shdldÍka" uOHu ldrl iNslhska fld<U 02" wxl 72" uef,a ùÈfha" ix.ï uQ,ia:dkhg tlajQfha miqÈk jev j¾ckhg Wmßu .=re msßila" rdcH u¾okh fkd;ld" iyNd.S lrjd .ekSfï ±ä wêIAGdkfhks' ish¨ fokd tlaj" fyg Èkfha ixúOdkh ùu .ek l:d lrñka" ie,iqï lrñka isáfhuq' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa jdia ;s,lr;ak meñKsfha fï w;rh' Tyq ud le|jd mlaIfha mKsjqvhla ;sfnk nj lshd isáfhah' Tyq lshd isáfha" cQ,s uyd jev j¾ckh id¾:l jqjfyd;a tys —iïudkh˜ merKs jug" tkï iu iudc yd fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI j,g hk ksid - jev j¾ckh wid¾:l l< hq;= njhs' tA mlaIfha ;SrKh njhs' l< hq;af;a idudðlhskag jev j¾ckh fkdlrk f,ig ryis.;j okajñka —kdhlhska ˜ jev j¾ckhg msúish hq;= njhs'

fiajfhka fkrmkq ,nk kdhlhskag" mlaIfha mQ¾K ld,slhska úh yels njo Tyq m%ldY lr isáfhah' tA ms<sn|j" 1980 cQ,s 19 Þ;ñka hq;=j ud yd tÉ'tka' ifydaorhd wu;k ,o" Wm;siai .ukdhl w;aika lrk ,o ,smshla ud w; ;eîh' fï jk úg" ,xld .=re ix.ufha uOHu ldrl iNdfõ nyq;rh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg iïnkaO fyda ys;j;a fyda wh jQy' ud jdia ;s,lr;akj msg;a lr yeßfhñ' tu m‚jqvh ud /iaj isá msßig ±kqï ÿkafka ke;' wjYH;djhlao fkdùh' ish¨ lghq;= wjika ùfuka miqj" ud tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdjo" tA wjia:dfõ b;sßj isá lD;Hdêldß iNdfõ idudðlhskaj tla fldg" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa jev j¾ckh —lvd lmam,a lsßfï" l%shdl,dmh˜ yd wm —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ jYfhka .; hq;= mshjr .ek idlÉPd lf<uq'

17

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa b,a,Su" ia:djrh iïmQ¾Kfhkau m%;slafIAm l< hq;= njg;a" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shd l,dmh fy<sorõ lrñka" jydu ksfõokhla ksl=;a l< hq;= njg;a ;SrKh lf<uq' .=re jev j¾ckh tf,iu mj;ajk nj;a" m%pdr j,g fkd/jfgk f,ig;a yels iEu fokdgu ±kqï §ugo mshjr .;af;ah' yÈis kS;sh hgf;a m%jD;a;s md,khlg hg;a l< fÊ'wd¾' wdKavqj m%jD;a;s md,khg n,Odßfhl= m;a lf<ah' tA wkqj ish¨u m%jD;a;s m<lsÍug fmr n,Odßhdg fmkajd wkqu; lrjd .; hq;= úh' uqøKh lsßug fmr m;a;rfha msgq n,Odßhdg hjk w;r Tyq wkqu; fkdlrk m%jD;a;s .,jd oukq ,efí' tu ;eka msßùug fjk;a m%jD;a;s wdfoaY fkdlr ysia ;eka iys;j m;a;rh ksl=;a lsßu —we;a;˜ m;%fha iïm%Þh úh' tÈk ijia jrefõ" ,xld .=re ix.ufha ksfõokh mqj;a m;a j,g ksl=;a l<o" tu m%jD;a;sh n,Odßhd úiska lmdyer ;sìk' 1980 cQ,s 21 —we;a;˜ m%Odk mqj; f,i tu mqj; m, l<o n,Odßhd lmd oukq ,eîh' wdKavqfõ ±ä u¾okh ;=,o - rcfha yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhska y;,sia Þylg wdikak m%udKhla jev j¾ckhg tlajQ w;r" j¾ckhg tlajQ .=rejrekaf.a ixLHdj 2000 lg uola jeä úh' 1980 cq,s 20 - 97$2" .eiÜ ksfõokh u.ska yÈis kS;sh hgf;a ,xld .=re ix.uho ;ykï flßK' nexl= .sKqï ;ykï úh' tfy;a" .=re ix.uh l%shd;aul úh' .=re ix.uh ;ykï lr we;s nj wm ±k .;af;a ix.ufha .sKqu mj;ajdf.k .sh uyck nexl=fõ hqkshka fmfoi YdLdfjka ,enqk ÿrl:k mKsjqvfhks' ld¾hd,fha bÈßmi fÞr jid" tys bÈßmsg fmd,sia rd<ydñ,d fokafkla" wi, ksjeishka ÿka mqgq foll jdä ù isáfhah' msgqmi ;rmamq fmf,ka Wvquy,g we;= jk wms fjkÞ fukau ld¾hd, lghq;= mj;ajdf.k .sfhuq' ish¨ ksfõok frdaksfhda fldg fnÞ yßk ,È' mKsjqv fok ,oafoa ÿrl:kh Wmfhda.S lrf.kh' j¾ckhg tlajQ lsisfjl=g jevg tAug bv fkdoSug wdKavqj mshjr .;af;ah' isÿ lf<A j¾clhska ish¨ fokdj —f,dla wjqܘ lsÍuls' jev j¾ckhg uQ,sl jQ rdcH fiajfha jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhska yÈis kS;sh hgf;a fiajfhka fkrmd yßkq ,eîh' j¾clhska fjkqjg" kj fiajlhska n|jd .ekSu wdrïN lf<ah' u¾okh yuqfõ jev j¾ckh wvmK úh'

18

jev j¾ckh wdrïNfhaÈ tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ yd ud mq¾Kld,skj jD;a;Sh iñ;s lghq;= i|yd fiajfhka ksoyia lr ;sìk' fiajfhka ksoyia lr ;snqko wm jev j¾ckh lrk nj wOHdmk wud;HxYfha f,alïjrhdg ,sÅ;j ±kqï fokq ,eìh' thg ms<s;=r jQfha wm —fiajfha wjYH;dj˜ u; hhs i|yka fldg fiajfhka ksoyia lsßu wj,x.= lr kej; mdi,a j,g wkqhqla; lsßuh' tu ksfhda.h m%;slafIam l< ud yd tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ wm jev j¾ckh lr isák nj kej; ,sÅ;j ±kqï fok ,È' fiajh wysñjQ fiajlhskag kej; fiajh ,nd .ekSfï igk wdrïN úk' —j¾clhska kej; fiajfha msysgjkq - igka mdGh hgf;a wdKAvqjg n,mEï lsÍu i|yd úúO l%shdud¾. .kq ,eîh' fm<md,s" msláx" /iaúï" Wmjdi yd wdhdpkd lsÍïo Bg we;=,;a úh' jev j¾clhskag /lshd fok f,ig isú,a iudch b,a,d isgfhah' tA w;r fmruqK .;a wh w;r" l=reKE., ìfIdama úl%uisxy" ngfmd, wfkdau oiais ysñ úh' fld<Ug muKla iSud fkdjQ fuu wr., j,g yÈis kS;s fr.=,dis fkd;ld fmdÿ ckhd tl;= ùu úfYaI ,laIKhla úh' fuu Woaf>daIK j,g iyNd.s jQjka m<jd yeßu" w;awvx.=jg .ekSu" ßudkaâ Ndrhg m;a lsßu ieu m%foaYhlu isÿúh' 1980 wf.daia;= 08 jk Èk fld<U meje;s Woaf>daIKh m%pkav úh' lv idmamq jid ±óh' jdyk f.dvke.s,s j,g ydks isÿúh' fmd,sishg md,kh lsßug fkdyels ùu ksid .=jka yuqÞj le|úug fÊ' wd¾' chj¾Okg isÿúh' oy;=ka fofkl= w;awvx.=jg .kq ,eîh' yÈis kS;sh fkd;ld Èh;ajQ" foaYSh wr.,h m%Odk fldg f.dv ke.=k cd;Hka;r n,meï yd fÊ' wd¾' wdKavqj ;=, yg .;a m%;súfrdaO;d yuqfõ 1980 cq,s 16 m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o yÈis kS;sh §¾> fkdlsßug rch ;srKh lrkq ,eîh' jev j¾clhska Ôj;aùu i|yd ;ukaf.a yelshdj wkqj úúO ld¾hhkag fhduq úh' tA w;r w;ajev oSuo úh' mÈl fõÈldfõ fj<|dï lsÍu ixúOdkd;aulj lrk ,È' th Woaf>daIKfha wx.hls' fuu jljdkqfõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK f.k .sfha jev j¾ckh iïnkaOfhka ;uka wkq.ukh l< ms<sfj; fy<sorõ ùfï ,eÊcdj" fldamh ksjd.ekSu yd ;u wkq.dñlhska /jàfï ±jeka;jQ jHdmdrhhs' flakaø lr.;af;a ,xld .=re ix.uhg myr .eiSuh' fuu lreK uq,sl lrf.k ,xld .=re ix.ufha tjl isá lD;Hdêldß iNslhska 11 fokd úiska ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK kdhl;ajhg ,sÅ;j lreKq ±laùula lf<ah' tu ,smsh 1980 wf.daia;= 14 Èk —we;a;˜ m;a;rh n,Odßhdf.a —lemqï˜ iys;j m<lr ;sìk' fï w;r ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK kdhl;ajh ;u ldv¾jre ,jd wm l%shdldÍkag ;¾ckh lsÍug" wvïf;aÜgï lsßug" myr§ug fhdojkq ,eîh' fuu ;¾ckhkag wvïf;aÜgï lsßï j,g jvd;a f.dÿre jQfha tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdh' thgo fya;= /ils' ;x,af,aÈ —f.du˜ md¾i,hlska Tyqg myr§ug .;a W;aidyh wid¾:l úh' mdkÿrfha§ rd;%S ;ksj ksfji n,d

19

hk w;r" Tyqg wiQÑ ñY% j;=frka myr§ m,d hk ,È' thg wu;rj wkqrdOmqrh" l¨;r" l=reKE., hk m%foaYj,È wm l%shdldßkag mk;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍkaf.a wvïf;aÜgï j,g uqyqK fokakg isÿúh' fï iïnkaOfhka wm 1980 wf.daia;= 07 jk Èk ksfõokhla ksl=;a lf<uq' fuh lemS fmkqfka" yÈis kS;sh bj;a lsßfuka miqj lr,shg meñK" ,xld .=re ix.uh o iyNd.s jk njg m%pdrh lrñka wf.dia;= 29 jk Èk yhsâ msáfha mj;ajk ,o ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfka /,sfhks' ;u i.hska /jáu i|yd;a" uq,dfldg r|jd .ekSu i|yd;a frdayK úfÊùrf.a m%Odk;ajfhka meje;s fuu /,sfha Tyq l< foaikh" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa niskau —fí.,a ˜ yd —wj,do˜ j,ska msrekq tlla úh'

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍkaf.a wE;aùu iu." fmr ix.ufhka wE;aj isá fndfyda msßi kej; ix.uh fj; wdfõh' 1982 § úfYaI iuqq jla le`ojd bj;a lrk ,o ish¨ idudcslhskag kej; idudcsl;ajh msrskuk ,os' rdcH ;yku yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKA ;¾ck .¾ck wvïf;aÜgï fkd;el+ úYd, msßila ix.uh" fjkqfjka lemùfuka" iafjÉcdfjka ish lghq;= fkdmsßfy,d bgq lf<ah' yÈis kS;sh mfilg oud m;%sld .eiqfõh' /iaùï ;eîh' .=re y~ fjkqjg —igka y~˜ m%ldYhg m;a lf<Ah' fï iïnkaOj m%ldY .kakg wmrdO mßlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ y;rjk ;Ügqjgo /f.k .sfhah' wNsfhda. follg ix.uhg uqyK fokakg isÿúh' m<uqjekak wdKAvqfõ u¾okh' th meyeos,sh' ieug fmdÿ úh' fojekak ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK" ,xld .=re ix.uh úkdY lsÍfï b,lalh we;sj osh;a lr ;snq m%pkav;ajh' th iqúfYaI úh' 1980 iema;eïn¾ ui ueo Nd.h jk úg fldkafoais j,g hg;a lrñka j¾clhska h<s fiajfha msysgq ùu wdrïNúh' 1980 Tlaf;daïn¾ 03 jk Èk jevj¾ckh ms<sn|j mj;sk ;;ajh yd ix.ufha ia:djrh meyeÈ,s lrk m%ldYhla iy ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdl,dmh fy<sorõ lrñka m%ldYhla ksl=;a lsÍug mshjr .;af;ah' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shd l,dmh iúia;rj meyeÈ,s lrñka ksl=;a l< m%ldYh"jir 22 lg miqj fufia t<s olajkafka ,xld .=re ix.uh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK w;r meje;s .Kqfokqj ljr wdldrhl tllao hkak meyeos,sj f;areï .ekSug bjy,a jk ksidh' b;d jeo.;a lreK jkafka 1980 cq,s uyd jev j¾ckh lvd lmam,a lsßug yd fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok iuia: lïlre mx;sho uq M uy;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s jHdmdrh ;j;a fndfyda l,lg ke.sàug neß jkfia wl¾ukHh lr ±óug Èh;a l< u¾okfha" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK bgq l< ld¾h Ndrh meyeÈ,s jk ksidh' —iuia: uyd jev j¾ckh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK˜ ysiska hq;a fuys wjidkhg tla lr ;sfnk tu m%ldYkh tod miqìug wd.ka;=l fndfyda fofkl=g —fudkjdo fï lshkafka lshd

20

wksjd¾Hfhka isf;kag mq jk' kuq;a ix.uh ksl=;a l< fuu §¾> m%ldYh foaYmd,ksl jYfhka todg fukau wog;a" u;=jg;a w;sYhska jeo.;ah' fuys kï i|yka fndyda fofkla Ôj;=ka w;r ke;' iuyrla >d;kh jQfha ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK w;sks' 1980 Tlaf;daïn¾ 03 jev j¾clhska fj; ksl=;a l< m%ldYho wka;¾.; lrñ' th jev j¾ckh wid¾:l úu ms<n|j yd ,xld .=re ix.ufha ia:djrh meyeÈ,s lrkakls' ;¾ck .¾ck Nsh jeoaoùï M,la ke;s nj jgyd .ekSu ksidfoda - ì%;dkH wêrdcHjd§ka Þhdo l< OfkaYajr kS;sh Wmfhda.S lr.kakg .;a;= W;aidyhls by; i|yka l< —r;akdhl iy ;j;a wh tfrysj iS'ã' fmf¾rd iy ;j;a wh˜ wNshdpkd wêlrK kvqj'

tu W;aidyfha mrdcfhka miqjo igk w; fkdyßkakg ;SrKh l< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK - —l+G f,aLk˜ ilia lr ,xld .=re ix.uh wl¾ukH lsßug fyda yelskï n,h w,a,d .ekSug fyda ;SrKh lf<ah' 1980 cQ,s jev j¾ckhg iu.dój Èh;a l< rdcH u¾okhg b;d id¾:lj uqyqK foñka" fiajh wysñ l< .=rejrekag fukau ish¨ rdcH" ixia:d yd mqoa.,sl fiajlhskag /lshdj ,nd .ekSfï wr.,hg fukau" fmr igyka l< mßÈ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa uer ;¾ck yd lvdlmam,aldÍ l%shdjkago uqyqK fokakg jQ fuu ld, jljdkqj b;du ÿIalr úh' jegqma rys;j isá ish¨ j¾clhska ;u Y%u Þhl;ajh ,ndfoñka hka;ï f;d,lg fmd`.jdf.k" fmr i|yka l< mßÈ o‚ka fkdjeà isákakg W;aidy .;af;ah' 1981 jd¾Isl idudðl uyd iNd /iaùu meje;aùug kshñ; jQfha cQks ui 26 Èkgh' meje;s miqìu hgf;a tu /iaùu tÈkg meje;aùug lsisÿ yelshdjla fkd;sìK' jHjia:dkql+,j tu /iaùu meje;aùu udi ;=klska l,a ±uQ w;r" tA ms<sn|j úêu;aj jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾jrhdjo ±kqj;a lrkq ,eîh' fï wjia:dj jk úg" ,xld .=re ix.ufha isá ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ys;jdÈka uOHu ldrl iNdfjka bj;a lr ;sìK' 1981 cQks 26 ÿrl:kfhka ud weu;+ jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha hfula" tla;rd msßila ,xld .=re ix.ufha iïfï,kh meje;ajQ nj m%ldY lrñka" —t,a ˜ wdlD;s m;%hla ,shd mÈxÑ lrùug W;aidy .kakjd hehs m%ldY l<d' jD;a;sh iñ;shl ks,Odß uKav, fjkia ùu jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾ jrhdg ks, jYfhka ±kqï Èh hq;=j ;sfnkafka — t,a wdlD;s m;%hla u.skah' tA wjia:dfõu ud jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,hg .sho" tu msßi msgj f.dia ;sìK'

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tu msßi bÈßm;a l< —t,a ˜ wdlD;s m;%h —w;ska ˜ ndr .ekSu kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk fyhska" th ,shdmÈxÑ ;emEf,ka fyda lïlre fomd¾:fïka;=fõ ;eme,a wxYh u.ska fyda tùug lghq;= lrk f,ig tu msßig ±kqï § ;sìK' ud isoaêh wÞ, ,sÅ; m%ldYhla jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾jrhdg ndr§" kS;suh mshjr .ekSug ;SrKh lf<ñ' .;yels kS;suh mshjr l=ula±hs hkak ms<sn|j m%ùk kS;s{ jrfhl=f.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSug fkdmiqng úh' ,enQ Wmfoia wkqj" ud fld<U jxpd úu¾YK tAllhg f.dia rdcH ks,Odßfhl=g l+G f,aLk bÈßm;a lsÍfï wmrdOh u;" meñKs,a,la lf<ñ' tu meñ‚,a, u;" fmd,sia jxpd úu¾YK tAllh l%shd;aul úk' jHdc —t,a ˜ fmdaruh bÈßm;a l<" ,xld .=re ix.ufha ysgmq ck;d juqla;s fmruqfKa ys;j;=ka ;e;s .eKsk' w;awvx.=jg m;afõhehs fyda jxpd kvqjl ú;a;slrefjl= fõhehs fyda hk Nsh we;s úk' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ys;jdoska jHdc —t,a ˜ fmdaruhla ,shd mÈxÑ lsÍug .;a W;aidyh" fuu l%shd ms,sfj; ;=, wfydais úh' —úma,jjd§kag ˜ tfrysj fmd,sish fhoùu yßo hhs" fï w;r" Èkla tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd udf.ka weiqfõh' tA udf.a ms<s;=r fkd±k fkdj" Tyqf.a ukdmh ke;s nj m%ldY lrkakgo @ uu fkdoksñ' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa —ifydaor ˜ ixúOdkhla" miq lf<l fndfyda fokd ye¢kajQ mßÈ — ×;s ixúOdkhla ˜ njg m;aj ;snQ ,xld .=re ix.uh" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa y;=re ixúOdkhla njg fmr,sK' ,xld .=re ix.uh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK w;r iïnkaOh f.dv k.kakg jir oyhla muK .;jQjo" tu iïnkaOh uq ukskau ì£ hEug .;jQfha meh lsysmhls' fuu lreKq ldrKd ms<sn| meyeÈ,s;djhla we;slr .ekSug ,xld .=re ix.ufha ìysùu yd j¾Okh ms<sn|j úuiqul fhÈh hq;=h' ,xld .=re ix.ufha - jD;a;Sh iñ;shla jYfhka ,shd mÈxÑ wxlh 984 fõ' mj;sk" merKs;u jD;a;Sh iñ;s j,ska tlls' 1957 fkdjeïn¾ ui 30 jk Èk —rcfha mdie,a j, fiajh lrk oaú;shSl mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a ix.uh ^UNION OF SECONDARY TRAINED TEACHERS IN GOVT

SCHOOLS & f,ig ,shd mÈxÑ úh' ksoyi ,nk úg" úfYaIfhka rcfha mdie,a j, .=rejre fldÜGdY follg fnÞ fjkalr ;sìKs' tA —bx.%Sis .=rejre yd —iajNdId˜ .=rejre jYfhka' isxy, yd fou< udOHfhka

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m;aùï ,enQ" mqyqKqj ,enQ" m%d:ñl mx;s j, b.ekaùu ndrj isá .=rejre iajNdId .=rejre úh' oaú;Shsl mdi,a j, bx.%Sis udOHfhka úIhhka b.ekajQ .=rejre —bx.%Sis— .=rejre úh' isxy, yd fou< udOHh" —iaj NdId˜ .=rejre ±ä fjkialug Ndckh lr ;sìK' jegqma w;skao" jrm%ido w;skao ie,ls,s w;skao" —iaj NdId˜ .=rejrekag ysñjqfha b;d my;a ;ekls' ;u whs;sjdislï Wfoid- 1940 .Kka j, isg iajNdId .=rejre wr.,hl ksr; úh' 1956 wdKAvq fmr,sfha fmruqK .;a } i`." fjo" .=re" f.dú" lïlre - mxp uyd n,fõ.fha —.=re ˜ n,fõ.h jQfha —iajNdId˜ .=rejrekah' 1956 nKAvdrkdhl f.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;a uyck tlai;a fmruqK ch.%yKh iu. iajNdId .=rejrekaf.a igk ;Sõr úh' ixúOdkd;aul úh' —iu jegqma yd —iu jrm%ido— b,a,d fmrg wdfõh' fuu igfka m%Odk b,a,Su jQfha iajNdId mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a jegqm —bx.%Sis mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a jegqmg iudk úh hq;= njhs' —bx.%Sis˜ mqyqKq .=ejreka f.a iy;slh ye¢ka jQfha —oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ˜ iy;slh f,igh' fuu —oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .==rejre˜ ìysjQfha uyr.u yd m<d,s úfYaI mqyqKq .=re úoHd, foflkah' iu jegqma igkg tfrysj" bx.%Sis udOH .=rejrekag " tkï oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejrekag jeä jegqmla yd jrm%ido ;sìh hq;= njg y~ k.kakg f.dv ke.+ ixúOdkhhs - rcfha mdie,a j, fiajh lrk oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a ix.uh' fuu .=re ix.ufha moku uyr.u yd m<d,s .=re mqyqKq úoHd, fol úh' —iu jegqmg˜ yd —iu jrm%ido— j,g tfrysj lreKq olajñka ue;s weu;s iyfhda.s;dj Èkdf.k —fNaoh˜ mj;ajd f.k hEu Wmdh ud¾.h lr.;a - oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejre" ngysr ixialD;sh wdrEv lr.kakgo ue,sjqfka ke;' kdhlfhda .e;a;ka úh' mqoa.,sl ,dN m%fhdack Wmßuhg N=la;s úkaoy' jD;a;Sh igka neyer l< Tjqka ue;s weu;s ks,OdÍ i;=gq lsÍu yd ;Dma;su;a lsßu u.ska ;ek /l .ekSfï —l%u fõoh˜ wkq.ukh lf<Ah' wOHdmk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^idudkH fm<& úNd.hg fmkS isák isiqkag b.ekaùu b,lal lr.;a fuu .=re úoHd, fofla úIhkag bx.%Sis" úoHdj" jdksc úoHd" .‚;h" jvq jev" hlv jev" ueá jev yd frÈ úùuo we;=,;a úh' 1965 § n,hg m;ajQ tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKAvqfõ wOHdmk weu;s jrhd jQ whs' tï' wd¾' tA' Bßhf.d,a,f.a l%shd ms<sfj; .=re isiq fomd¾Yjfhau wm%idohg fya;= úh' Y%s ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.ufha kdhlhska we;= .=rejre 123 l= fiajfhka fkrmd yrskq ,eîh' tA Y%S ,xld" iu iudc yd fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI j, ue;sjrK m%pdrl /iaúï j, l:d lsßfï fpdaokdj u;h'

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Tyqg úreoaO fm< .eiSu .=re úoHd, j, uekúka ms<sônq flßk' fuu jljdkqfõ oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.ufha kdhl;ajh ±rE wd¾' whs' á' ^/,ama& w,ia m%uqL lKavdhu 1966 §" weu;s Bßhf.d,a,j uyr.u .=re úoHd,hg le|jdf.k wdfõ ix.ufha ixj;air iNdfõ m%Odk wuq;a;d f,igh' rfÜ wka iEu ;eklu weu;s Bßhf.d,a,g ,enqK —yQ ix.%yh w;aú¢kakg" uyr.u .=re úoHd,fha§;a Tyqg isÿúh' tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKAvqjg tfrysj rg ;=, f.dv ke.=Kq Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh" iu iudc mlaIh yd fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI tl;=j - uyr.u .=re úoHd,h ;=,o fm< .eiqfka" oaú;Shs; mqyKqq .=re ix.ufha n,h w,a,d .ekSfï b,lalho we;sjh' 1966 - 67 jljdkqfõ uyr.u .=re úoHd, ;=, f.dvke.=Kq fï .=re YsIH tl;=fõ lemS fmfkkakd jQfha bx.%Sis wxYfha mqyqKqj ,enQ" tA' î' iS' o is,ajdh' Tyq Y%S ,xld ksoyia mdlaIslfhla úh' ish¨ jdu mdlaIslhska tl;= lrñka" Y%uh lem lf<a tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿh' tl, Tyq iu iudc mlaIh ksfhdackh lrkafkl= úh' fuu jljdkqj jk úg" /,ama w,ia lKavdhu nyq;r idudðlhska w;r msßfyñka mej;sk' kuq;a Tyqg tfrysj hñka kdhl;ajh ,nd .ekSug flfkl= bÈßm;a fkdùh' tu ßla;h msrùug tA'î'iS' o is,ajd yd tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ m%uqL msßig yels úh' oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.ufha n,h ,nd.ekSug msUqrem;a ielisK' uyr.u .=re úoHd,fha mqyqKqj ,enQ iEu jirlau ksfhdackh jk mßÈ tlai;a cd;sl mlaI úfrdaë lKAvdhula f.dv ke.Su wruqK úh' thg lr ÿkafka tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿh' tl, fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha idudðlfhlaj isá ud yuqjkakg fnkaf;dg .dñŒ uyd úoHd,hg tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd meñ‚fha 1968 §h' Tyq meñKsfha ix.ufha Wm NdKAvd.dßl ;k;=rg kdu fhdackd m;%hlao w; we;sjh' udf.a leue;a; ,nd .ekSugh' tÈk isg udo" oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.ufha n,h w,a,d .ekSfï igkg tla úh' fld<U r;= l=rei ix.ï Yd,dfõ§ mej;s jd¾Isl idudðl /iaùu fmdr msáhla úh' tA'î'iS' o is,ajd m%uqL lKAvdhu f;aÍ m;a úh' weu;s whs' tï' wd¾' tA' Bßhf.d,a, tA ms<sn|j md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ lshd isáfha idudðlhskag;a jvd Pkaoh §,d ;sfhkjd lshdh' th wi;Hla fkdfõ'

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ix.ufha m%Odk ;k;=re j,g m;a ish¨ fokd fiajh lf<a ÿIAlr m<d;a j,h' tA'î'iS'o is,ajd wïmdf¾" Wykh' tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ;%Sl=Kdu,fhah' NdKavd.dßl f,ia,s úl%ufialr ud;rh' ks,OdÍka w;ßka fld<Ug wdikak;u fiajh l< ud fnkaf;dgh' weu;s Bßhf.d,a,f.a .=re ovhï j,g tfrysj l%shd;aul jQ oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejre" iajNdId .=rejrekaf.a jegqm" oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re jegqm yd iu lsÍug úfrdaOh ±laùfï m%;sm;a;sfhka neyer úh' oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a jegqmg" iajNdId mqyqKq .=re jegqm iudk l< hq;= nj lshd isá oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejreka" —iu jegqmg˜ ksYAÑ; wre;la tla lf<Ah' fuu b,a,Sug iajNdId .=rejrekaf.a m%idoh fukau iydh ,eìK' oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.uh wfkl=;a .=re ix.ï yd iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu wdrïN lf<Ah' cd;sl .=re ix.uh ^Natinol Union of Teachers & iy W;=re m<d;a .=rejrekaf.a ix.uh ^NORTH PROVINCE TEACHERS ASSOSIATION- NPTA& oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.uh yd tlaùug leue;a; m, lf<Ah' tA iu.u ;ukago tlaúh yels f,ig újD; ix.uhla njg lrk f,ig oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=rejreka fkdjk" iajNdId mqyqKq .=rejreka" WmdêOdÍ .=rejreka" iy;sl ,;a yd fkd,;a .=rejrekaf.ao b,a,Su úh' fuu jljdkqfõ tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKAvqfõ" wOHdmk weu;s Bßhf.d,a, wOHdmk fomd¾:fïka;=jg ish jila msÍu kshñ; lrf.k —fcda.shla ˜ kgkakg iQÞkï úh' —ishji˜ wOHdmk m%o¾Ykh bka m%Odk úh' fuu m%o¾Ykhg ;rfha úreoaOjQ ix.uh" thg úl,amhla jYfhka —.=reÿl ˜ m%o¾Ykh mj;ajk nj m%ldYhg m;a lf<Ah' tAA i|yd iQÞkï úh' fld<U kj k.r Yd,dj fjkalrjd .kakd ,os' rfÜ wOHdmk ;;ajh —PdhdrEm˜ u.ska ms<sìUq lsÍu wruqK úh' fld<U fukau" ÿIAlr fmfoia j, mdie,a j," .=rejrekaf.a yd YsIHhkaf.a ;;ajho" iqmsß mdie,a j, ;;ajh yd iei£u b,lalh úh' iqmsß mdie,a j, úfõl fõ,dj wdrïN fjklx f.aÜgqfjka msg;g ù —fíì,d˜ tklx n,d isák —fndahs,d˜ f.a o¾Yk we;=,;a - b;d ÿn, PdhdrEm m%o¾Ykhg wh;a úh' mdief,ka mdi,g hñka" tÞ hq.fha leurdfjka .;a PdhdrEm we;=,;a —fk.áõ˜ fld<U f.kú;a" fld,a msáfha iagqäfhda tll rd;%S ld,fha fidaÞ" úYd, fldg" uqøKh lf<ah' fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhg iïnkaO YsIH ix.ufha l%shdldÍka fï i|yd lem úh' miq lf,l fï msßi c'ú'fm' ys;j;=ka jQfha 71 le/,a,go tlafjñkah' —.=re ÿl˜ m%o¾Ykhg tlaùug" Y%S ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.uh m%uqL .=re jD;a;Sh iñ;s iïfï,kfha b,a,Sug tlÕùu ksid yqfola PdhdrEm m%o¾Ykhg iSudjkakg .sh .=re ÿl m%o¾Ykh - Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmkh ms<sn|j —wOHkhla ˜ njg fm/,sk'

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—.=re ÿl˜ - .=re isiq wOHdmk m%Yak j,ska Tíng .sfha" úhÜkdï hqoaOh ms<sn| PdhdrEm" f;dr;=reo we;=,;aùu ksidh' fuu jljdKqj f,dj n,j;=ka fom, w;r —iS;, hqoaOh˜ meje;s iuhhs' W;=re úhÜkdï ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fhka yd tA yd wÞ, PdhdrEm" fmdaiag¾ f;dr;=re ,enqkq w;r" m%o¾Yk mqjre ,enqfka kef.kysr c¾uka ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fhks' wdKAvqfõ wOHdmk ishji m%o¾Ykhg fufia wNsfhda. l< rcfha mdi,a j, .=rejre ishji m%o¾Ykh fjkqfjka y÷kajd ÿka f,d;/hsh mdie,a ;=, wf<úhg úfrdaOh m,lf<A —f,d;/hs hkq iQÿjla nj m%ldY lrñkah' .=rejre —iQÿjgZZ Èß fokafka kE hhs m%ldY lrñka" f,d;/hs wf<úh m%;slafIAm lf<Ah' —.=reÿl˜ - tA'î'iS'o is,ajd f.a fhdackdjls' m%o¾Ykh h:d¾;hla njg m;a lr .ekSug Tyq ish Y%uh fhoúh' mqj;am;a l,dfõ w;a±lSï Wmfhda.S lr .;af;ah' tu hq.fha ix.ufha ld¾hd,h meje;sfha fld<U 03" f*ajßÜ f.dvke.s,af,a f;jk uyf,ah' ueÈhï /h jk ;=re m%o¾Yk lghq;= j, ksr;jk wm - msf,a m;a;r msgqj, /h myka lf<uq' —.=re y~˜ —wdisßh l=r,a ˜ yd —àp¾ia fjdhsia ˜ ix.ufha ks, m%ldYk úh' jirlg tlla folla jYfhka m<jQ —.=re y~˜ wLKAvj mj;ajdf.k hEug mshjr .;af;ah' frdaksfhda¾ lrk ,o —.=rey~˜ nq,àkh ;eme,a u.ska idudðlhska w;g m;a lf<Ah' 1970 uyd ue;sjrKfha§ - tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh mrdchg m;aúh' n,hg m;ajQ iu.s fmruqK wdKAvqfõ wOHdmk weu;s nÿ§ka uyuqâ úh' tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd fï jk úg wm%lgj úfÊùr iu. iïnkaO;d f.dv k.df.k ;sìk' fg%dials jdÈfhl=j isg udfjda jdÈfhl= njg mßj¾;kh jq tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd f.a iïnkaO;djhka u; f*ajßÜ f.dvke.s,af,a .=re ix.ï ld¾hd,h —fÉ.=fõrd˜ lKavdhfï ys;j;=kag fijk fok ;ekla njg m;aúh' idldÉPd" kHdhka" ;¾l wvqjla fkdùh' lshqndkq úma,jfhka Woïj isáñka —fÉ.=fõrd˜ wkq.ukh lf<a wkaO Nl a;sfhks' lshqndkq fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha bx.%sis ks, m%ldYkh —.%Eïud˜ mqj;am; yd —g%hsfldkaákkag, i`.rdj˜ we;= fidaúhÜ iuQydKavqfõ" W;=re fldßhdfõ" Ökfha m%ldYk j,ska ix.uh ix;Dma;j ;sìk' —fÉ.=fõrd lKavdhu$l,a,sh˜ f,ig m%lgjQ úfÊùr lKavdhug l%shdldßka iïnkaO lrúug —fldl= .eisu" mx;s my meje;aúu" l|jqre ixúOdkhg yd wruqo,a /ialsßug

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fukau 1971 ud¾;= j, ikakoaO wr.,hg wjYH foa tla/ia lsrsugo f*ajßÜ f.dvke.s,a, Èjd ? újD;j ;sìk' n,hg m;a iu.s fmruqK wdKavqj ms<s.;a wdh;k Í;s j,g wkqj" jD;a;Sh iñ;s j, m%Odk ks,OdÍkag fld<Ug udreùï ,nd§ug mshjr .;af;ah' tA wkqj ix.ufha ks,OdÍ ish,a,gu fld<U mdie,a j,g ia:dk udreùï ,eìK' kï lrkq ,nk ks,OdÍka fofofkl=j jD;a;Sh iñ;s lghq;= i|yd mQ¾K ld,Skj ksoyia lrkq ,eîh' tA'î'iS'o is,ajd .=re ix.ufha jev lrk w;r" Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha —isß,l˜ m;%fha l;D uKav,fhao jev lf<Ah' bx.%Sis yd isxy, jHla;j yeisrùug yelshdj Tyq i;= úh' —.=re y~˜ mqj;am;la f,ig ,shd mÈxÑ fldg" uilg jrla geíf,dhsâ m%udKfhka ksl=;a lsÍug mshjr .;af;ah' mqj;a ,sùu" fyäka ±óu" msgq ieliSu yd msgq ne£u - ta'î'iS'o is,ajdg w¨;a fohla fkdùh' wm Tyq yd tlaj tu ld¾fha kshe,sk' jeä l,la .;jkakg fmr tu ld¾hhka lrkakg yelshdj ,nd.;af;ah' —.%ekaud˜ mqj;am; wkqlrKh lrñka" igka mdG iys; —.=re y~˜" .=re ix.uh /f.k f.dia ;sfnkafka fld;klgo hkak fndfyda fofkl=g f;areï .sfha 1971 wfm%a,a le/,af,ka miqjh' 71 le/,af,a w;awvx.=jg m;a" ndrjQ .=rejrekaf.a nyq;rh ix.ufha idudðlhska úh' tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdo w;awvx.=jg m;a úh' tA .=re ix.ufha l%shdldÍ;ajh u; fkdj" Tyq ;%Sl=Kdu,fha W.kajk iufha" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK yd meje;a jQ idlÉPdjka fy<sorõ ùulskah' 1971 wfm%a,a le/,a, iu. rg mqrd yÈis kS;sh m%ldYhg m;a l< wdKAvqj —we¢ß kS;sh˜ ±óu bjla njla ke;sj lf<Ah' fuu jd;djrKh ;=,o - ix.ufha jev wLKAvj mj;ajdf.k hEug yels úh' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK l%shdldÍkag fijk ÿka fld<U 03" f*ajßÜ f.dvke.s,af,a ld¾hd,h Èklg mehla fyda folla újD; lsßug mshjr .;af;ah' kshñ; mßÈ tu jif¾ jd¾Isl idudðl /iaùu cQks ui meje;aùug iqÿiq jd;djrKhla fkdùh' jd¾Isl idudðl uyd iNd /iaùu meje;ajQfha 1971 fkdjeïn¾ ui" fld<U" .%Skamd;a" kj k.r Yd,dfõ§h' 71 le/,af,a w;awvx.=jg .;a ish`M fokd" foaYmd,k isrlrejka f,ig kï l< ix.uh ish¨ foaYmd,k isrlrejka ksoyia lrk f,ig jQ fhdackdj iïu; fldg foaYmd,k isrlrejka ksoyia lr .ekSfï jHdmdrhg mokula we;s lf<Ah'

27

isú,a iudch" jD;a;Sh iñ;s" mlaI tlal< foaYmd,k isrlrejka ksoyia lsÍfï jHdmdrhg m%skaia .=Kfialr" pd,aia wfífialr" ldf,da f*dkafiald" frÔ isßj¾Ok" iqks,d wfífialr" ,Skia ch;s,l" u,a,jwdrÉÑ" O¾ufialr" rxð;a fmf¾rd" iqks,a r;akm%sh" jdiq '''we;= ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa fkdjk úYd, msßila tlaúh' Y%s ,xld" iu iudc" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI fol" ks, jYfhka iïnkaO fkdjqjo" wfkla jdudxIsl mlaI yd lKavdhïo" jD;a;Sh iñ;so tlajQ ck;d jHdmdrfha kHIaÀh ,xld .=re ix.uh úh' /iaùï meje;ajqfka fldïm[a[ ùosfha lïlre úY%du Yd,dfõoSh' .=re ix.uh uOHia:dk lr.;a foaYmd,k isrlrejka ksoyia lr .ekSfï ck;d jHdmdrh yÈis kS;s ;;ajh ;=, m%ldY ksl=;a lrñka" m;%sld fnÞyßñka" md .uka yd msláx" /iaùï yd iïuka;%K meje;aùfñ l%shdjka ys wLKavj kshef,k ,È' fuu ld,fhaÈ .=re ix.ï ld¾hd,h fld<U 02" uef,a ùÈfha" iuia: ,xld ,smslre ix.ï ld¾hd,fha fldgilg f.k f.dia ;sìk' .=re ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï OQrhg tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdj m;alr .kakd ,oafoa Tyq isrf.or isáh§h' tA 1972 uykqjr iïfï,kfha§h' ksoyiaj meñfKk tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd fmrfiau ix.ufha l%shdldÍ jkafka" foaYmd,k isrlejka ksoyia lr.ekSug yd ksoyia jQ .=rejrekaj kej; /lshdfõ msysgqùfï wr.,hg wj;S¾K fjñkah' ish¨ foaYmd,k u; jdohka w;r ix.uh" .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh whs;Ska yd jrm%ido Èkd .ekSug yd wdrlaId lsÍug m%uqL;ajh ÿkafka m%dfhda.slj ueosy;a ùu u.skah' ksjdvq" flá ksjdvq" ksjdvq ÿïßh n,m;%" mqoa.,sl ,sms f.dkq" úkh ms<sn| .eg¨ j,g" ia:dk udre lsßï j,g fukau" úÿy,am;s jrekaf.ka yd wOHdmk ks,Odßkaf.a w;jr" fjkialï lsßï j,go" mqoa.,sl;ajhg ydks l%shdjkag o jyd ueÈy;aùu tA w;r úh' tu m%dfhda.sl ueÈy;a ùu fndfyda .=rejrekaf.a m%idohg ,laúh' foaYmd,k udreùï j,g" m;aùï j,g" Wiiaùï j,g ±äfia úreoaOjQ ix.uh - tAjd fy<s orõ lrñka wNsfhda. lf<Ah' .=re jrekaf.ka yd isiqkaf.ka úúO fya;=ka u; lrkq ,enq uqo,a tl;= lsßï j,g yd úúO W;aij" ks,Odß /iaúï j,g" wdh;k mámdáfhka neyrj" lrkq ,enq le|úï j,g tfrys úu yd tu l%shdjkag tfrysj khdl;ajh Èug miqng fkdjk ,È' .=rejrekag igyka ,sùu wksjd¾h lrñka ksl=;a l< wOHdmk wud;HxY ksfhda. lv lf<ah' tA igyka ,shkafka ke;ehs m%ldY lrñka fkdfõ' tA igyka ,shkakg rch fmd;a ,ndÈh hq;=h" mqoa.,sl fmd;a j, ,shk igyka lsisfjl=g;a fmkajkafka ke;" hk ia:djrh .ksñkah' rcfha fiajlhska yd .=rejre w;r mej;s úIu;djhka tlsfkl f.k tAjd bj;a lsÍug mshjr .;af;ah'

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iEu rcfha fiajlfhl=gu ksjdvq .ekSu$b,a,Su i|yd ksjdvq b,a¨ï m;%hla rcfhka ,ndÿks' tfy;a fï jrm%idoh .=rejrekag wysñlr ;sìk' flá ksjdvq .ekSu iïnkaOfhkao" ksjdvq ÿïßh n,m;% .ekSfï§o úIu;d ;sìk' fï ish,a,u bj;a lr .ekSug .=re ix.uhg yels úh' rcfhka ksjdvq b,a¨ï m;% imhk f;la" ksjdvq b,a,d isák úÿ,s mqj; fyda ,smsh ksjdvq b,a¨ï m;%h f,ig ie,lsh hq;= nj jk pl%f,aLkh WÞyrKhhs' fuu jD;a;Sh b,a,Sï Èkd .ekSfï wr.,fha m%;sM,hls - rdcH fiajd kS;s Í;s .=rejrhd- m%ldYkh' lsisfjl=g ˜i¾˜ fyda —uevï˜ fkdlshkag ;SrKh l< ix.uh ish¨ fokdg uy;a;hd fyda uy;añh f,ig wduka;%Kh lsßu wdrïN lf<ah' ix.ufha lD;Hdêldß uKav,fha lsisjl=g Wiiaúï j,g whÿï lsßu fyda fjk;a jrm%ido fyda ,nd .ekSu ;ykï úh' 1972 §" .=re ix.uh" ish¨u .=rejrekag idudðl;ajh ,nd .; yels wkaoug jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh lf<ah' ku —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ f,ig fjkia lsÍug fhdackd iïu; úh' 1957 § UNION OF SECONDARY TRAINED TEACHERS IN GOVT SCHOOL f,ig wdrïN jQ ix.uh" 1964 § UNION OF SECONDARY TRAINED TEACHERS f,ig ku fjkia lrkq ,eîh' 1971 § th" —oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.uh˜ jYfhka fjkia lf<Ah' 1972 § - ,xld .=re ix.uh f,ig ku fjkia lrk f,ig" jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾ jrhdf.ka lrk ,o b,a,Su m%;slafIAm úh' tA ksid" —isf,daka àp¾ia hQkshka ˜ hkqfjka ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,È' ,shdmÈxÑ kduh —isf,daka àp¾ia hQkshka ˜ jqjo" —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ f,ig isxyf,kao" —b,xflhs wdisßh¾ ix.ï˜ f,ig fouf<kao Ndú;d lrk ,È' iu.s fmruqK wdKAvqj - ;u mdlaIslhskag jrm%ido ,nd§ug mshjr .;af;a iSud rys;jh' Wiiaùï" udreùï" muKla fkdj úNd. Yd,dêm;s lu mjd ys;j;=kag msßkeóu ;=," ms<s.;a l%ufõohka ì| jeák' mdlaIslhska wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg wkqhqla; lr .;af;ah' .=re isiqkaf.a Y%uh" uqo,a iQrd lEu wdrïN úh' fï ish,a,gu oeä f,i tfrys ùu iu.s fmruqK ys;jd§ka fkdßiaiqfõh' tA iu.u Tjqkag ix.uh ;=, l%shdldÍ ùu wmyiq úh' wmyiq lrùh'

29

iu iduc mdlaIslhska" ix.ufhka bj;a jQfha mlaIfha ;SrK u;" mlaIfha .=re ix.uh jQ tlai;a .=re ix.uh f.dv ke.Sugh' tA'î'iS'o is,ajd ix.uh ;=, /£ isáñka" Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha foaYmd,k n,h Wmfhda.S lrf.k —ix.uhla ˜ msysgqùug l%shd lf<ah' 1973 §" tA'î'iS'o is,ajd úiska ,shdmÈxÑ l< .=re ix.ufha kuo —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ úh' ,shd mÈxÑ wxl 3685 hgf;a msysg jQ fuu ix.uhg —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ ku ,nd§ug n,mEï lr ;snqfka" tjlg wdKAvqfõ m%n, weu;sjrfhl=j isá ffu;%Smd, fiakdkdhlh' 1972 § —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ ku" ,nd§ug tlÕ fkdjQ jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiagd¾jrhdg" tlS ku 1973 § tA'î'i’' o is,ajdg §ug yels jQfha flfiao hk mekhg ms<s;=rla §ug fkdyels úh' tu ldrKh ms<sn|j kS;suh jYfhka .;yels mshjrla ;sfío@ hkak fidhd ne,Sug ;SrKh l< w;r" tA i|yd kS;s Wmfoia me;Sug mshjr .;af;ah' —,xld .=re ix.uh˜ ku fjk;a ix.uhlg ,nd§u .ek kvqjla mejÍh hq;af;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðia;%d;ajrhdg tfrysjh' tjka kvqjla ch .ekSu ÿIAlrh' l< hq;af;a —,xld .=re ix.uhZZ ku w; fkdyer Ndú;d l< hq;= njh' túg tA'î'iS o is,ajd m%uqL msßig" wmg úreoaOj kvqjla mejÍug isÿjkq we;' Tjqka kvq mejrefjd;a" wms thg uqyqKq fouq" —kvq Þkak hkak tmd" kvq oïujd .kak˜ ,enq Wmfoi úh' fï ;;ajh ;=, we;s úh yels jHdl+,;ajh ke;s lsÍug" tÞ mgka .=re ix.uh" ,xld .=re ix.uh ^984& hkqfjka i|yka lr Ndú;d lsÍug mshjr .;af;uq' wdKAvqfõ n,h" yhsh wrf.k jD;a;Sh iñ;s f.dv ke.sh fkdyels nj jgyd .ekSug tA'î'iS'o is,ajd m%uqL msßig jeä l,la .;jQfha ke;' tu ix.uh wNsfhda.hla fkdùh' tys ld,ho flá úh' 1970 - 75 iu.s fmruqK wdKavqj hgf;a iajNdId .=rejrekaf.a uQ,sl b,a,Su zziu jegqm˜ igk úfYaI iajrEmhla .kakd ,È' iu.s fmruqfKa md¾Yjhla jQ fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfhka md,kh jQ Y%s ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.uh b,a,d isáfha mqyqKq .=re jegqm —iudk˜ lrk f,igh' wm f.a b,a,Su jQfha oaú;Sshsl mqyqKq .=re jegqm yd iajNdId mqyqKq .=re jegqmg iu úh hq;= njhs' iu jegqm uQ,sl lrf.k ish¨ .=re ix.ï ixfla; jev j¾ck ;SrKhlg tf<fUk ,È' tA 1975 foieïn¾ 04 h' Bg fmr Èk .=re ix.ï ksfhdað;hska iu. w.ue;sks isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl ue;s‚h iu. idlÉPdjla wr,sh.y ueÿf¾ meje;aúk' ,xld .=re ix.uh ^984& ksfhdackh lf<a tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿh' wfkla ish¨ .=re ix.ï j¾ckh w;aysgúug ;SrKh l<o thg tlÕ fkdjq wm" .;a jev j¾ck ;SrKh l%shd;aul lf<uq' wmf.a b,a,Su jQ oaõ;shl mqyqKq .=re jegqmg iajNdId mqyqKq .=re jegqm iu lsÍug" rch mshjr .;af;ah'

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fuhg fmr zziu jegqma ˜ b,a,Su uq,sl lrf.k fydaud.u wOHdmk Èia;%slalfha .=rejre ixfla; jev j¾ckhl ksr; úh' tA 1975 wf.daia;= 14 Èkh' .=rejre jev j¾ckh fkdlrk fyda jev j¾ckh l< fkdyels msßila f,ig lr ;snq w¾: l:kh m%:u jrg ì| ±uqfõ 1975 uehs 15 Èk tjlg yxje,a, uOH uyd úoHd,fha b.ekajQ úchisß w¨;a.u ifydaorhdj udre lsÍug tfrysj wúiaidfõ,a, mdie,a j, .=rejrekaf.a ixfla; jev j¾ckhhs' .=rejr .=rejrhska 33 l= iyNd.sjQ fuu jev j¾ckh Y%s ,xldfõ m%:u .=re jev j¾ckh fõ' .=re ix.uh fjk;a lïlre wr.," YsIH wr., j,g iyfhda.S;dj m,lr isáfhah' 1976 fmnrjdß 20 rcfha uqøKd, fiajl jev j¾ckhg iyh m<lsßu i|yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s tl;=j yd tlaj Èh;a l< ixfla; jev j¾ckhg yd 1976 fkdjeïn¾ 12 fmardfo‚h iriúfha § úriQßh isiqjdj fmd,sish fjä ;nd >d;kh lsßug tfrysj 1976 fkdjeïn¾ 26 rg mqrd Èh;a l< úfrdaO;djhg .=re ix.uh tlaùu ksoiqkls' wdKavqfõ md¾YjhlajQ fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha ;SrKhg mgyeksjQ fuu l%shdj iu. uf.a" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI idudðl;ajh ksudjg m;aúh' .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh wr., j,g iDcqj ueÈy;a fjñka l%shdlrk w;r" ix.uh ;=, l%shdldrsjQ udlaiajdos foaYmd,k lKavdhï$mlaI j,g wh;a zl%shdldrskaf.a Z kHdhsl u; .egqï j,g yd ;u zu;hZ ch .eksu yd n,h ;u lKavdhug i;= lr .eksfï wr.,ho fkdwvqj meje;sk' iS>% idudðl j¾Okh iu." mdi, flakaø lrf.k .=rejre ixúOdkh lsßug mshjr .;a tlu ix.uh ,xld .=re ix.uhhs' mdi,a YdLd msysgqjñka .=rejre ixúOdkh lf<ah' tA i|yd mdi,la mdi,la .dfka .sfhah' nifhka" ÿïßfhka" mdmeÈfhka" mhska .sfhah' k.rfha fukau wE; ÿIalr m<d;a j,g .sfhah' b;d l,d;=rlska jqjo hï mdi,lg we;= ùug úÿy,am;sjrfhla nOd l<fyd;a thg wNsfhda. lf<ah' jD;a;Sh iñ;s ksfhdað;hskag ;u idudðlhska yuqùug fiajd ia:dkhg we;=M ùug ;sfnk whs;sh ;yjqre lr.;af;ah' iEu idudðlfhl=gu - .=re ix.uh ;udf.a ix.uh njg yeÕSu we;s lf<Ah' jD;a;Sh iñ;s idudðlhskag" ;u ix.ufha jd¾Isl /iaùug iyNd.Sùug rdcldß ksjdvq ysñúh' ksoyia ÿïßh n,m;% lÜg,hla ^2 fjks mx;sh& ysñúh' fï ysñlï iEu iudðlfhl=go ,ndoSug mshjr .;a wms - jd¾Isl iïfï,kh" úfYAI wjia:djl yer" jif¾ cQks ui isl=rdÞ Èkl meje;aùug mshjr .;af;uq' .=re ix.ufha jd¾Isl /iaùï j,g iyNd.SjQ .=rejre mkaoyi blauùh' wdrïNfha fld<U" kj k.r Yd,dj f;dard.;a w;r" miqj rdclSh kj r`.y," iq.;Þi .Dyia: l%Svdx.kho tA i|yd f;dard .eKsk'

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iïfï,kh fld<ôka msg;g f.k hdhq;= hehs fhdackdjg wkqj" 1972 uykqjr" 1973 wkqrdOmqrh" 1977 hdmkh mj;ajk ,o iïfï,k iqúfYaI jkafkah' fï i|yd úfYAI ÿïßh fhdÞ .ekSug mshjr .;af;ah' wkqrdOmqr iïfï,khg úfYAI ÿïßh folla Odjkh úh' ixúOdk Yla;sfhka yd l%shdldÍ idudðlhska msßilska ikakoaOj isá .=re ix.uh wka ish¨ .=re ix.ï wNsnjd bÈßfhka isáfhah' .=re jD;a;Sh m%Yak" .eg`M" whs;Ska" fjkqfjka fukau wOHdmk whs;sh fjkqfjkao" rfÜ fmdÿ m%Yak j,g yd cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;djhkago wLKAvj ueÈy;a úh' .=re jD;a;sfha fukau ix.ufha nyq;r idudðl;ajh .=rejrshska jqjo" ldka;d ksfhdackh zzìxÿjZZ úh' fï ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduqfldg ifydaoßhka lñgq j,g we;=,;a lr .kakg mshjr .eKsk' tfy;a Tjqka f.ka lñgq ksfhdackh ,enqfka ke;' jD;a;Sh iñ;s iïm%Þhka ke;fyd;a Wm ixialD;Ska f.dv ke.S ;sìk' lñgq /iajkafka yjia jrefõh' /iaùu fl<jr jkafka wi, zznd¾˜ j,ks' fuu iïm%Þhka fjkia lsrSug mshjr .;a w;r" l%shdldÍ iudðldjka msßila f.dv ke.sk' 1980 jk úg ifydaorshska /ila ix.ufha l%shdldÍkaj isá w;r úOdhl iNdfõ fukau ÈYd YdLdjka .Kkdjl m%Odk ks,;, ±ßh' mdi,la mdi,la .dfka f.dia ixõOdk lghq;= j, ksr;úh' msláx" fm<md,s yd wOHdmk ld¾Hd, jeg,sï j,È bÈßfhka isáfhah' ixfla; j¾ck j, fmruqK .;a .=re ifydaoßhka ld¾hd, lghq;= j,g fkdwvqj Þhl úh' ÿr neyer m<d;a j, ifydaoßhka ksjdvq ld,fha i;shla folla ld¾hd, lghq;= j, ksr; ùug bÈßm;a úh' fï msßfika iuyrla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg iyh ±lajq w;r' lïlre udj;g iïnkaO ifydaoßhla u;jdÈ wr.,fha kshef,ñka ix.ufha Wkak;shg lemúh' weh bia,dï Nla;skshla úu úfYaIhhs' 1970 ueo Nd.h jk f;la tla mlaIhlg hg;a fkdù" iajdëkj lghq;= l<o" jdudxYsl keUqre;djh uekúka m%o¾Ykh lf<Ah' uehs Èkh ix.uhla jYfhka ieuÍug ;rï ixúOdk Yla;sh ;sìk' fmrjrefõ fld<U kj k.r Yd,dfõ .=re ix.ufha uehs Èkh ieurefõ oyilg fkdwvq .=rejrekaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhks' miajrefõ Y%S ,xld" iu iudc" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI uehs Èk fm<md,sfha" .=re ix.ufha nekrh f.k .sfhah' 1970 jk úg" fmr i|yka l< mßÈ .=re ix.ï ld¾hd,h —wm%lgj˜ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg fyj;a —fÉ.=fõrd˜ lKavdhug ys;jdoSj lghq;= l<o" úúO iudc l%shdldÍkag uOHia:dkhla njg m;aj ;sîu je,elaùug W;aidyhla fkd.;a w;r thg wkqn, fok ,È' YsIH kdhlhskao" —fÉ.=fõrd˜ lKavdhug wh;a fkdjk" tu hq.fha meje;s fjk;a —úma,jjd§ lKAvdhï j,˜ l%shdldÍk ao" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha ^Ök ms,& ksfhdað;hskao tA w;r úh' —lïlre udj;o˜ l%shdldÍj .=re ix.ufha ld¾hhkag tlaúh'

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iu.dój" isxy, yd fou< udOHfhka ix.ufha ish¨ /iaùï j, lghq;= lsÍu úfYaIhla úh' wdrïNfha§ fï ld¾h i|yd fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha iyh fkduoj ,eìk' ,xldfõ iEu m%foaYhlau ksfhdackh lrk .=re ix.uhg fou< yd uqia,sï .=rejreka tlajQfha - —cd;s —wd.ï˜ wkqj fjkajQ .=re ix.ï neyer lrñkah' idudðlhskaf.a jD;a;Sh .eg¨ j,g ueosy;a fjñka úi÷ï fiùug lemùu yd fmdÿ jD;a;Sh .eg¨ j,g ueÈy;aùu nyq;r .=rejrekaf.a m%idohg fya;=úh' tjl nyq;rhla .=rejrekaf.a ld¾hlaIu;d lvùï imqrd,Sug meje;aúh hq;=j ;snq fiajia: mqyqKq ieis meje;aùug wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j wiu;ajQ w;r tA ld¾hhg WroSug ix.uh bÈßm;a jQfha wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha mQ¾K wkq.%yh iu.h' fuu ieis j,g wOHdmk wOHlaIjre" lÓldpd¾hjre leue;af;ka iyNd.sjQ w;r tu iïuka;%K iudðl;aj j¾Okh lr .eksug uy;a rel=,la úk' fuhg iud.dñj ish¨ m%Yak j,g úi÷u we;af;a udlaiajdoh uQ,sl lr.;a foaYmd,k u;jdo ;=, nj ±äj .%yKh lrf.k isá w;r rdcH n,h ,nd .; hq;af;a úma,jhlska nj úYajdi lf<ah' tA ms<sn| ixjdo - ix.uh ;=, m%n, jQfha" jd¾Isl iïfï,kfha .=rejD;a;sh whs;Ska ms<sn| fhdackd iu. foaYmd,k fhdackdjlao bÈßm;a lrñkah' fuu —udlaiajdoS˜ foaYmd,k lKavdhï j, u;jdo ch.%yK lrùï fl<jr jQfha zn,hZ flakaø lr .;a fn§ï j,skah' zzld,a udlaiaZZ f.a o¾Ykh .=re fldg.;a fuu lKavdhï w;r" u; .egqu" n,h w,a,d .ekSfï ;rÕhla úh' tA i|yd úreoaO u;Odßfhl=g myr §u" foam, úkdY lsÍu muKla fkdj urd ±óuo —hqla;s iy.;˜ úh' wd.ï .ksuq' .=rejrhd" tfia ke;akï Ydia;Djrhd tla wfhls' .egqï we;af;a tu .=rejrhdf.a —f.da,hskaZZ w;rh' tla lKavdhula wfkla lKavdhfï úreoaOjd§kah" y;=rkah" fødayskah' iuQ,>d;kh lr ±óuo hqla;s iy.;h' ish`M wd.ï woykakjqka yd wd.u zwìxZ jQ udlaiajd§ka w;r we;af;a l=uk fjkilao@ 1977 uyd ue;sjrKfha Y%S ,xld" iu iudc" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI mrdchg m;aúh' fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Okf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh 5$6 n,hla iys;j n,hg m;aúh' wOHdmk weu;sjQ ksiaixl úfÊr;ak .=re u¾okh wdrïN lf<ah' 2500 lg jeä .=rejre msßila udre lf<ah' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha .=re ovhug tfrysj .=rejre ixúOdkh lf<ah' 1978 ckjdß 31 jk Èk oyilg jeä .=re msßila fld<U uef,a ùÈhg tlaj wOHdmk wud;HxYh jg,k ,os' thg tlajQ .=rejr .=rejrhskag myr oSug fmd,sia wYajdfrdayl n,ldh fhoúh' myr oSs úiqrejk ,o .=rejre lKavdhï jYfhka fm< .eis mhska yhsâ msáhg f.dia úfrdaO;d /iaùu mj;ajkq ,eîh' fÊ' wd¾' chj¾Okf.a tla ckao fmdfrdkaÿjla jQ 71 le/,a,g iïnkaOj isr.;j isá ish¨u foaYmd,k isrlrejka ksoyia lsÍu yd 1972 wmrdO hqla;s fldñiu wfydais lsrSsuhs' 1977 § tu fmdfrdkaÿ Tyq bgq lf<ah'

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je,slv isrf.oßka ksoyiajq 1971È w;awvx.=jg m;a fidfydhqre fidfydhqrshka w;rjQ zzúfÊùr˜ j" nd, ;ïfmd yd tï'ì' r;akdhl úiska /f.k .sh w;r" wkqrdOmqrfha kkaok udrisxy .=re ix.ï ld¾hd,hg tlalf.k wdfõ Tyqf.a .=rejrfhl=jQ mhia fyÜáwdrÉÑh' ksoyia jQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍkag" ta jk úg iuia; ,xld ,smslre ix.uhg hdno f.dvke.s,af,a Wvq uyf,a mj;ajdf.k .sh .=re ix.ï ld¾hd,h" Tjqkaf.au ld¾hd,h úh' tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKavqfõ .=rejre we;= iuia: jev lrk ck;djg tfrysj osh;a l< u¾okh g trfysj ixúOdkh l< —.=re ÿl˜ m%o¾Ykh 1978 cqks 23 isg 28 hk Èkhkays fm'j' 9'00 isg rd;%s 8'00 olajd fl<U l,d Njkfha mj;ajk ,o w;r msg m<d;a lsysmhl m%o¾Ykh meje;aúug yelsúh' 1980 .=re ix.uhg b;d ld¾h nyq, fukau ;SrKd;aul jirla úh' tla mfilska ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ld¾hhka bgq lsßug mQ¾K Þhl;ajh ,nd foñkao" .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh .eg`: ksrdlrKhg ueÈy;aùu w;miq fkdlf<ah' Wfoa wg jk úg ld¾hd,hg meñfKk wm rd;%s y; wg jk;=re /¢ isáuq' .=rey~ ksl=;ajQ Èk j, yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa fmdaiag¾ jHdmdrhla meje;s Èkhl /h myka lf<a .=re ix.uh ;=,h' ojfia jev wjidkh olajd /¢ isák wh w;r moañ‚ m,a,sh.=re ifydaoßho úh' wm uef,a ùÈfha isg msgfldgqjg weúo f.dia úisr hkafkuq' frdayK úfÊùr wdjd .sfhah' fndfyda idlÉPdjka meje;ajQfha .=re ix.uh ;=,h' 1979 § w;HdjYH uyck fiajd mk; yd ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï ;djld,sl úêúOdk mk; y÷kajd foñka tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wKavqj Èh;a l< u¾okhg tfrysj jD;a;Sh iñ;s Èh;a l< wr.,hg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK o tlaúh' tu jd;djrKh ;=, jdudxYsl tlai;a fmruqKla f.dv ke.Sfï m<uq idlÉPdj yd wjidk ilÉPdj o meje;sfha .=re ix.uh ;=,h' we;a; jYfhka i;aldrl ixúOdkh f,ig lghq;= lf<a zz,xld .=re ix.uhhs ' m<uq /iaùug" ,xld iu iudc mlaIfha wdpd¾h fld,aúka wd¾ o' is,ajd" Y%S ,xld fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha fla' mS' is,ajd" úma,ùh udlaiajdÈ mlaIfha nd, ;ïfmd" kj iu iudc mlaIfha jdiqfoaj kdkdhlaldr" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa frdayK úfcaùr m%uqL jdudxYsl mlaI kdhlhska iyNd.s úh' wjidk /iaùug frdayK úfÊúr iyNd.s fkdjQ w;r ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ksfhdackh lf<a .ukdhlh' “mia mdáh” f,ig úreÞj,sh ,enq" jdudxYsl tlai;a fmruqfKa ux., /<sh 1979 Tlaf;dan¾ 02" yhsâ msáfha meje;ajQ w;r w;s úYd, ckldhla tlaúh' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa Wm;siai .ukdhl uq,iqk ±refõh' Y%S ,xld fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha kdhl mSg¾ flakuka" úma,ùh udlaiajd§ mlaIfha kdhl nd, ;ïfmd" kj iu iudc mlaIfha kdhl jdiqfoaj kdkdhlaldr"

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ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhl frdayK úfcaùr /,sh weu;+ kuq;a ,xld iu iudc mlaIfha ksfhdackh lrñka wu;k ,oafoa wd;djqo fifkúr;akh' f.dv ke.+ mlaI mfya jdudxYsl tlai;alu Wmka f.hsu ñh wÈkakg moku jQ frdayK úfÊùr fuu /iaùfïÈ wkq.ukh l< ms<sfj; is;kakg yelshdj ;snQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ys;jd§ka f.ao lkiai,a,g fya;= úh' .=re ix.uh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK w;r z.KqfokqjZ .=re ix.uh ;=, fjk;a u;OdÍkaf.a úfrdaOhg fya;= úh' th Tjqka ÿria lf<ah' by; i|yka l< - 1980 wfm%a,a ui úfYAI ksfhdað; iïfï,kh tys m%ÓM,hhs' 1980 wfm%,a ui úfYAI ksfhdacs; uyd iïfï,khla le|jQfha ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK u;jdohg tfrys u;jdohka ±rE tjlg l%shdldÍ idudðlhska ;siay;r fofkl= ix.ufhka fkrmd yeÍugh' ^1980 úfIaY ksfhdað; iïfï,kfha fhdackdj weKjqu n,kak & fuu iïnkaOhg fmr" wkq.dñlfhl=" fkdjqjo" .=re ix.uhg iómj isáfha fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIhhs' 1976 fkdjeïn¾ olajd .=rey~ uqøKh lf<a m%.;s uqøKd,fhah' ˜.=rey~˜ YS¾Ih tl, ˜we;a;˜ m;%fha Ñ;% Ys,amshd j isá fudgdf.or jks.r;akhka f.a ks¾udKhls' —we;a;˜ - .=re ix.uhg úfYAI ;ekla ,ndÿks' 1981 iema;eïn¾ udifhaos" l,a ±uQ ksfhdað; iuqMj meje;aùug mshjr .ksñka ;sìk' tA w;r ud uqK.eiqKq moañŒ m,a,sh.=re ifydaoßh" tÉ'tka' mkakk jev ms<sfj,la ;sfhkjd±hs uf.ka úuihs' weh tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a ióm;u ñ;=ßhls' fuu m%Yakh weh uf.ka weiqfõ wehso ug jegysk' w;S;hg ud /.f.k .sfhah' tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ" tA'î'iS'o is,ajd m%uqL Tyqf.a ys;jd§kaj bj;a lsÍug ud yuqù lsõfõ tA'î'iS'o is,ajd úfYAIfhka tjlg NdKAvd.dßl ;k;=r ±rE —udj˜" tu ;k;=ßka bj;a lsÍug iQÞkï jk njhs' thska miqj" úu,a m%kdkaÿ iy Ikauq.Þikaf.a ms, ^fldñhqkaiaÜ mlaIfha - Ök ms,& ksfhdackh l< r;akmqr lKAvdhu n,h .ekSug ie,iqula we;s nj' wmg tfrysj jkakg fmr" Tjqkaj bj;a l< hq;= nj ks.ukhg meñK lghq;= lf<Ah' fï wjia:d fofla§u wkq.ukh lf<A l+G Wml%uhs' ch.;af;a nyq;rfha u;h fkdfõ' w,am;rhla jQ —ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg˜ ys;jdÈ jQ msßfia u;hhs' n,h fyda kdhl;ajh ms<sn|j ye.Sula ud ;=, fkdjQ nj fyd|dldrju ±k isáfha tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿh' tA jdf.au Tyqf.a —ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK˜ u;hg ud tlÕ fkdjk njgo Tyqg lsisu ielhla fkdùh'

35

frdayK úfÊùr m%uqL tjlg isá ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKA kdhlhska wu;l fkdjk mdvula ,xld .=re ix.ufhka bf.k .;af;ah' fï jkúg;a .=re jD;a;Sh kdhlhska w;r muKla fkdj" wfkl=;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhska w;r;a tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdg ms<s.eksula ;sìk' th wog;a mj;S' tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd ;=, lemS fmfKk —kdhl;aj˜ ,laIK /ila ;sìk' igkaldñfhl= úh' lemùu wiSñ; úh' ix.ufha lghq;= j,§ Tyq lsis Èfkl" lsis úfgl fjfyig m;ajQfha ke;' Tyq ;=, jQ mqoa.,hska ms<sn| u;lh - tla Èkla iqM fõ,djlg yuq jQ wfhl= jqjo Tyqg" Tyqj$wehj" wu;l jQfha ke;' úIh oekqu mq¿,a mrdihl me;sr ;sìk' ñ;%YS,S lu" Tyq ;u úreoaOjd§ka iu. b;d l=¨m.=j weiqre lf<ah' ñ;%lï mj;ajdf.k .sfhah' Tjqkaf.a m%idohg m;aúh' Tyq ieugu —fyd|˜ ñksfil= úh' Tyq fl;rï fmdÿ jQfhao" lsisfjla lsisÞl Tyq l=uk wd.ulg wh;a±hs ±k isáfha ke;' Tyq l=uk l=,hlg wh;a±hs hkak lsisfjl=g m%Yakhla fkdùh' cd;sh ms<sn|jo tfiauh' Tyq ieug —ifydaorfhla ˜ úh' Tyq iudc m%Yak j,g úi÷u we;af;a udlaiajdoh ;=, nj yd ikakoaO úma,jh u.ska rdcH n,h ,nd .; hq;= nj úYajdi l<d' Tyq th fidhd .shd' tu .ufka tla ixêia:dkhls ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK' tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd fukau Tyqf.a fidfydhqre ffjoH iqNdIa pkaø m%kdkaÿ yd frdayK úfÊùr w;r meje;s iïnkaOfha m%;sM,hhs" Tjqkaf.a nd, fidfydhqßh yd úfÊùrf.a újdyh' thska l,lg miqj tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a újdyh isÿúh' ix.ufha l%shdldßkshlajQ wE" iqis,d chj¾Ok" Ikauq.Þikaf.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;= fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfhao ^Ök ms,& l%shdldßkshla úh' W.% ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úfrdaêkshls' 1970 fõ uq, Nd.fha .=re ix.ufha ld¾hd, jevg tlajQ ohdkkao" fld,a¨msáh Ydka; uhsl,a úoHd,fha tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a f.da,fhls' 1971 oS fld,a msáh fmd,sisfhka w;awvx.=jg .;a;o fkdfnda Èklska uqÞyßkq ,eîh' .=re ix.ufhau —fldgilaZZ jQ fya wjidkh olajdu tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd iu. /¢ isáfhah' 1989-90 j NSIK iufha tx.,ka;fha isg meñK isá tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a nd, fidfydhqre Tyqf.a {d;s fidfydhqfrl= iu. isáhoS w;awvx.=jg f.k w;=reoyka lrk ,È' Tyqg jQfoa fidhd .ekSug ±ä fjfyila .;a tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdg tjl wdrlaIl weu;s rxcka úfÊr;ak f.ka ,enqkq m‚jqvhls - Tyq .ek fydh,d jevla kEæ' tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdg je<÷kq iqj l< fkdyels frda.h ±ä udkisl lïmkhl m%;sM,hla nj u;hla m,j we;s nj yd ldgj;a fkdlsõjdg u,a,s w;=reoyka jqfka ;ud ksid njg tÉ'tka ys;kjd hhs" tÉ' tka' ifydaorhdj bkaÈhdjg m%;sldr i|yd f.k hk wjia:dfõoS ud yd m%ldY lf<a" ohdkkaoh'

36

1981 ka miqj tÉ'tka' ifydaorhd bkaÈhdfõ§ ñh hk f;la" Tyqf.a .=re ix.ï l%shdldß;ajh yd foaYmd,k l%shdldß;ajh Tyq yd iómj isá ifydaorjreka w;ska ,sheúh hq;=h' th yqfola pß;dm%Odkhlska Tíng .sh isoaëka wka;¾.; tlla úh hq;=h' .=re ix.ufha iaj¾Kuh hq.h f,ig ye¢kaúh yelafla mlaI" u;" fNaofhka f;drj jD;a;Sh whs;Ska yd fmdÿ whs;Ska Wfoid wr., l< ld,hhs' 1964 § 4000 lg uola jeä idudðl msßila isá .=re ix.uh" 1980 cQ,s uyd jev j¾ckh jk úg 45"000 blaujd ;sìk' fuh tÞ uq: .=re ixLHdfjka wvlg uola wvq úh' tod .=re ix.ufha l%shd ldrs .=rejre ish¨ fokd fyd`o .=re jre jsh' Tjqka ukd fm!rIhlska hqla;jq b.ekaùug olaI m%;sm;a;s .rel wh úh' b.ekaùfï lghq;= j,È fukau úIh ndysr lghq;= j, È bÈßfhka isá Tjqka w;=ßka jeä fofkla iudc lghq;= j,o ksr;jQ wh jQy' iq fofkla —áhqIka ÿkako lsis Èfkl ;u mdief,a isiqkag —áhqIka ÿkafka ke;' isiqkaf.ka ;E.s fnda. ,nd .;af;a ke;' isiqkaf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS isáhy' ,xld .=re ix.uh úúO u; Þßkag fmdÿ ixúOdkhla úh' tfy;a tu fmdÿ nj jD;a;Sh iñ;sh ;=,ska bj;a fldg zztla u;hla m %j¾Okh lrk˜ ixúOdkhla njg m;alsÍu i|yd fufyhùug wm lghq;= lf<Ah' tA nyq;rfhka iÕjd" úreoaO u;jd§ka m,jd yeÍug l%shd lf<ah' tla lKAvdhul u;h yd wruqKq bgq lrkak" tA —ksjerÈhs˜ is;df.k" Nla;sfhka je<|f.kh' 1981 ksfhdacs; uyd iïfï,khg fmr Èk ud ish¨ lghq;= ksudfldg" udf.a b,a,d wiaùuo ,shd" ohdkkaog ndroS ud ix.ï ld¾hd,fhka kslau .sfhñ' ix.uh bÈßhg hEug th ndOd fkdùh' tÉ' tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd m%uqLj kj ks,OdÍka 1980 cQ,s jev j¾clhska h,s fiajhg le|ùfï wr.,h bÈßhg f.k .sfhah' jir 1994 §" tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKAvqj mrdchg m;afldg" kej; Y%S ,xld" iu iudc" fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI wdKAvq n,hg meñKsfhah' 1980 jev j¾ckh l< fndfyda .=rejreka" foaYmd,k m<s.ekSï j,g ,lajQ njg m%ldY lrñka úfYAI jrm%ido b,a,d isáfhah' úÿy,am;slï" wOHlaIlï j,ska Tjqka msÿï ,nd .;af;ah' jev j¾ckfhka fkdkeis Ôj;ajQ nyq;rhla .=rejrekag —jev j¾ckh˜ wdYs¾jdohla úh' tfukau fuu jev j¾ckh ksid mqoa.,sl wxYfha yd ixia:d wxYfha fiajlhska /ilg fï olajd /lshd fyda iyk lsisjla fkd,eìk' b;d wirK ;;ajhg m;aúh'

37

.=re ix.ï muKla fkdj ;j;a fndfyda ix.ï 1980 j¾ckh;a iu. ì|jeák' ke;skï kdñl úh' kuq;a ,xld .=re ix.uh wog;a ±ä ÿIalr;d u; l%shdldß fjhs' úfYaIfhka tÞ fukau wOHdmk whs;shg uQ,sl;ajh foñka' mj;sk ;;ajhkag wkqj zzfmdÿ yeÕSu˜ u; ixLHdfjka l=vd jQo .=re msßila tla lr .eksu h,s;a m%n, ix.uhla f.dv ke.Su wmyiq fkdjkq we;' ksñ' ----------------------------------------------------------- 1980 Tlaf;daïn¾ 03" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shd l,dmh iúia;rj meyeÈ,s lrñka ksl=;a l< m%ldYh"

iuia: uyd jev j¾ckh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK

miq.sh wjqreÿ 3 mqrdu jev lrk ck;dj Ôj;a ùug fkdyelsj Okm;s wdKavqj fj; úúOdldrhg ;u úreoaO;ajh m%ldY lr we;' lïlre mx;sfha igka l%u jev j¾ckh olajd mqM,a jQ wjia:do miq.sh wjqreÿ 3 mqrdu olakg ,eìK'

fï wkaoug Ôj;aùu i|yd;a" ;u whs;Ska /l .ekSu i|yd;a igka jÈk lïlre mx;sh u¾okh lsÍug fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Okf.a wdKAvqj fkdfh¥ Wml%uhla ke;' ;u md¾,sfïka;= n,h Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka lïlre mx;s u¾okh lsÍu i|yd úúO wK mK;a wdKavqj úiska iïu; lr.kakd ,È' tA w;r lïlre mx;sh mslÜ lsÍfï isg jev j¾ckh olajd l%shdj,shg msúis úg§ Tjqka u¾okh lsÍug fmd,sish yd ;%súO yuqÞjg wu;rj cd;sl fiajl ix.ufha idudðl lïlrejka fhdÞ .kakd ,È' fndfyda wjia:d j,§ lïlre mx;shg fukau isiq mrmqrg tfrysjo Okm;s md,lfhda l=,S uerhska fhdÞ .kakd ,È' fuu uerhska fndfyda úg cd;sl fiajd ix.ufha —cqkagdfõ˜ idudðlhska úh' 1980 cQ,s 7 ÿïßh jev j¾ckh wdrïN jQfha fujeks miqìula hgf;ah' tÞ isg wo olajd fï igk ;=,ska wm ,enQ w;a±lSï m%udKh b;d úYd,h'

fuu igfka§ iEu jD;a;Sh iñ;shlau lïlre mx;sh bÈßfha úksYaphg Ndckh fõ' wo j¾;udk md,khg iïnkaO mlaI j, jD;a;Sh iñ;s yer ish`Mu iñ;s Okm;s hQ'weka'mS' wdKAvqj hgf;a uqyqK ÿka úYd,u igk fuu uyd jev j¾ckhhs' fuu wr.,fha§ ck;dj bÈßfha fy,sorõ ù we;af;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s muKla fkdfõ' foaYmd,k mlaIo fuu igk ksid nrm;, w¾nqo j,g uqyqK § we;' jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ jD;a;Sh iñ;s fufyhjk ish`Mu foaYmd,k mlaI jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqjg iudkju fuu igk w;ru. w;yer hEu .ek j.lsj hq;=h' 1980 ud¾;= 8 yd 9 cd;sl iuqMj mj;ajd b,a,Sï 23 la bÈßm;a fldg wdKavqj iu. igka je§ug fmdfrdkaÿ jqk jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj ÿïßh igfka§ fuu igk bÈßhg f.k hEu i|yd m%ldYhla mjd ksl=;a lsÍug iu;a fkdùh' wjidkfha§ tu lñgqfõ iñ;s 12 lg muKla igka u. f;dard .ekSug isÿjQfha ÿïßh lïlrejkaf.a WÞr wr.,h ksidfjks'

38

fï wkaoug jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj fufyhjk foaYmd,k mlaI uyd jev j¾ckh w;yer ouoa§ Bg iïnkaO ke;s ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK lïlre mx;sh bÈßfha ienE f,i fy,sorõ jQfha fuu ft;sydisl ÿïßh wr.,fha§h'

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhlhska yd mQ¾Kld,slhska fuu jev j¾ckh ms<sn|j mlaIfha kshu ;;ajh jika lsÍug fkd.kakd W;aidyhla ke;' fkdlshk fndrejla ke;' fkdk.k wj,dohla ke;' ;u u;hg wjk; fkdjk mqoa.,hskag ;¾ckh lrñka myr§ï lrñka iuyr úg Èklg ;=ka y;r j;djlg jvd yuqùug hñka flfia fyda ;u u;hu ;yjqre lsÍug W;aidy .;af;a Ndú;fhka Tmamq ù we;s foh" kHdfhka jika lsÍug myiq fkdjk nj Tjqka úiskau ms<sf.k ;sfnk ksidh'

wmf.a wruqK jkafka m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg" mqoa.,hdf.ka mqoa.,hdg" ;ekska ;ekg fjkia jk Tjqkaf.a ;¾l j,g ms<s;=re iemhSu fkdj" fuu jev j¾ckh ms<sn|j ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdÞuhla thg mokï jQ foaYmd,kh l=ulao hkak;a ixIsma;j bÈßm;a lsÍula muKla nj wjOdrKh lruq'

cq,s 07 Þ ÿïßh j¾ckh

Okm;s hQ'we'mS' wdKAvqfõ u¾okldÍ l%shd l,dmh ms<sn|j fï rfÜ ck;dj ;=, me,fjñka ;snQ ffjrh ;j ;j;a oreKq lrjñka me;sr .sh uyd jev j¾ckh werUqfka 1980 cQ,s 07 jk Èk r;au,dk ÿïßh jev ìfï we;sjQ wr.,hka iu.h'

Okm;s wdKavq j,g wNsfhda. fldg lïlre igka j,g kdhl;ajh §fï b;sydihla we;s r;au,dk ÿïßh lïlrefjda fujro fÊ'wd¾' f.a lïlre mx;s úfrdaë l%shdl,dmhg;a" ck;dj id.skak" mSvkhg yd u¾okhg m;alsÍug tfrysj;a uyd jev j¾ckhg uq, msrEy'

mdie,a fmd;a ñ<§ .ekSug re( 500$} Kh uqo,la b,a,ñka 1976 § igka u. .;a r;au,dk ÿïßh lïlrejkaf.a wr.,h tjlg mej;s isßud nkavdrkdhlf.a Okm;s wdKavqjg yÈis kS;sh bj;a lr .ekSug n, flrekq w;r" 1976 § ue;sjrKhla meje;aùugo isÿúh' tf;la yÈis kS;sh hgf;a ;ykï lr ;snQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKgo kej; kS;Hdkql+,j jev lghq;= wdrïN lsÍug yelsjQfhao tÞ 1976 § wd¾Ól b,a,Sula mokï lrf.k r;au,dfkka werUqkq ÿïßh lïlrejkaf.a wr.,h ksidh' tfy;a 1980 cQ,s 07 Þ r;au,dk ÿïßh lïlrejka ;u lïlre ifydaorjre 12 fofkl=f.a fiajh ia:dms; lrk f,ig yd bis,sh fkdyels Ôjk nßka fm,Sug tfrysj wd¾Ól b,a,Sï bÈßm;a lrñka werUQ wr.,h" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK" uq, isgu ye¢kajQfha l=uka;%Khla f,isks'

cQ,s 08 Þ - rdcH wxYfha lñgqj /iafjhs'

cQ,s 08 Þ fmrjrefõ /iajQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ufha rdcH wxYfha lñgqj /iaùfï§ ÿïßh wr.,h ms<sn|j ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ia:djrh jQfha tu wr.,h úreoaOjd§kaf.a l=uka;%Khl m%;sM,hla njhs' tfy;a tu lñgqfõ idudðlhska fofofkl= jk tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ iy Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd hk ifydaorjre tu ia:djrh iïmQ¾Kfhkau m%;slafIAm l< w;r" wd¾Ól w¾nqoh W.% jk úg r;au,dk ÿïßh jevm< jeks lïlrejka úYd, jYfhka fhdojd we;s jev ìul tjeks lïlre wr., mek ke.Su wksjd¾h nj;a" iEu Okm;s wdKavqjlgu úreoaOj ÿïßh lïlrejka wr., lr we;s nj;a

39

meyeÈ<s lrñka tjeks igkaldó b;sydihla we;s ÿïßh lïlrejka wrUd we;s tu wr.,h .ek iqMfjka ;lafiare fkdl< hq;= nj;a" th uyd jev j¾ckhl wdrïNh úh yels njg;a woyia bÈßm;a lrk ,È' tfukau ÿïßh wr.,h l=uka;%Khla hk jerÈ iy.; u;h iDIs NdIs;h f,iska kdhlhskaf.a u;h ms<s.kakd wd.ñl ksldhl wkq.dñlhska jeks ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa mQ¾Kld,slhska úiska m%pdrh lrùug ie,eiaùu .eko Tjqka úreoaO úh' Tjqkaf.a úreoaO;ajhka ms<sfkd.;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK my; i|yka whqßka l%shdlrk f,i ish mdlaIslhskag Wmfoia fok ,È'

1' r;au,dk ÿïßh jev mf,a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg iïnkaO whg jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S fkdjk f,ig ±kqï Èh hq;= w;r" fy,sorõ jQ whg muKla w;HdjYH ;;ajhka hgf;a j¾ckhg iyNd.S jkakg bv yßk f,i"

2' r;au,dk ÿïßh jev j¾ckh Èk lSmhla ;=, hQ'weka'mS' wdKavqj úiska u¾okh lrkq ,nkq we;ehso tu jev j¾ckh mqM,a lrñka kdhl;ajh iemhSug jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj bÈßm;a fkdjkq we;ehso hk mQ¾j ks.uk j, msysgd tÈku rd;%sfha — ÿïßh jev j¾ckh yqol,d fkdlrkq yd —jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlhska igka ;Skaÿ .kq hk igka mdG we;=,;a fmdaiag¾ rg mqrd .ik f,ig Wmfoia fok ,È' tA wkqj cQ,s 09 Þ t<sjk úg by; igka mdG we;=,;a fmdaiag¾ —iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uh - ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK˜ kñka rgmqrd w,jd ;sìK' cQ,s 10 fjks Èk fld<U kj k.r Yd,dfõ§ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska mj;ajk ,o fidaumd, ifydaorhdf.a urKh ms<sn| —mYapd;a urK mÍlaIK˜ foaYK fofla§ tys foaYmd,k uxv,fha lÒlhska fofokdu tkï" .ukdhl iy jdia ;s,lr;ak ÿïßh wr.,hg iïmQ¾K iyh m<lrñka ;u mdlaIslhska ùÈ niaijñka igk bÈßhg f.k hk njg m%;s× fok ,È' tfukau l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ kdhlhska úiska tu igk mdjd fok njg;a" igk mqM,a fkdlrk njg;a tys§ Tjqka úiska iy;sl o ksl=;a lrk ,È tfy;a ÿïßh wr.,h ms<sn|j fyda ft;sydisl lïlre wr., ms<sn|j fyda ksjerÈ ;lafiarejla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhl;ajhg fkd;snqkq nj Tjqka l%shdl< wdldrfhka ±l.; yels úh' j¾ck ;Skaÿ m%ldYhg m;a lrhs'

cQ,s 11 fjks Èk /iajQ jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ iñ;s 12 la ÿïßh igk bÈßhg f.k hñka ;u idudcsl;ajh tÈk isg cQ,s 21 olajd Èk j,§ uyd jev j¾ckhlg le|ùug ;Skaÿ l<y' tla ksYaÑ; Èkhl fkdle|jd úisrekq wdldrfhka igk le|ùu u.ska jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj fï igkg meyeÈ<s kdhl;ajhla iemhSu u.yeßh nj wms oksuq' tfy;a Y%S','ks'm'" ,'i'i'm'" Y%S','fld'm' yd wksl=;a ish`Mu wjia:djd§kaf.ao iñ;s yd iïfï,k úiska lrk ,o fl<jrla ke;s mdjd§ï uOHfha yd nd,d ;ïfmda" rú fud,a,sf.dv,df.a fydßlv lï uOHfhao" lïlre mx;sfha iu.sh yd igkaldó;ajh wfmalaId lrkakka jYfhka ,xld .=re ix.uhg wksjd¾hfhkau igka ;Skaÿjla .; hq;= úh' fï wkqj 1980 cQ,s 12 fjks Èk /iajQ lD;HdêldÍ iNdj úiska cQ,s 15 fjks Èk iQÞkï lr ;snQ .=re úÿy,a mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejrekaf.a Woaf>daIK /<sh jev j¾ck ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;alrk /<shla njg m;alsÍugo tA iu.u rgmqrd ish`Mu .=rejreka cQ,s 17 fjks Èk isg jev j¾ckhlg le|ùu iqÿiq njo ;SrKh fldg tu ;SrKh cQ,s 15 fjks Èk uOH úOdhl iNdfõ wkque;sh i|yd bÈßm;a fldg wkque;sh ,nd .ekSugo ;SrKh úh'

40

igk tmd æ iyfhda.h we;s '

cQ,s 13 iy 14 Èkj, c'ú'fm' foaYmd,k uxv,fha idudðl yd tys iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï .ukdhl iu. ix.ufha mdlaIslhska idlÉPd lsÍfuka wk;=rej cQ,s 15 /iaùu" Woaf>daIK jHdmdrh yd jev j¾ckh ms<sn|j my; i|yka tl`.;ajhkag t,efUk ,È'

1' cQ,s 15 Þ /iaùu c'ú'fm' jD;a;sh iñ;s iïnkaëlrK lñgqfõ /iaùula jYfhka meje;aúh hq;= hehs .ukdhl úiska f.fkk ,o woyig tlÕ fkdjQ w;r" th ,xld .=re ix.ufha /iaùula úh hq;= njg ;SrKh úh' 2' tÈk /<sh jev j¾ck $ ;Skaÿ m%ldYhg m;alrkakla njg m%isoaO l< hq;= hehs ix.ufha mdlaIslhskaf.a woyi jQ kuq;a" th iyfhda.h m<lrk /<shla úh hq;= njg .ukdhl f.fkk ,o woyi m%;slafIam jQ w;r" igka ;Skaÿ m%ldYhg m;alrk /<shla f,i th meje;aùug;a ;SrKh úh'

3' ix.ufha idudðlhskag wu;rj iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uh fjkqfjka tys ksfhdacH f,alï uyskao m;srK yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s iïnkaëlrK lñgqj fjkqfjka ,shkwdrÉÑ hk whj¨ka lÓlhska jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug tlÕ úh'

4' cQ,s 17 jk Èk ish`Mu .=rejreka jev j¾ckhg le|úh hq;= njg jQ woyi" cQ,s 17" .=re úoHd, j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejrekao" cQ,s 21 ish`Mu .=rejrekao jev j¾ckhg le|úh hq;= Èk jYfhka fhdÞ .ekSug tlÕ úh'

cQ,s 15 Wfoa mej;s uOH úOdhl iNdfõ§ cQ,s 17 jk Èk isg .=re úoHd, j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejrekao" cQ,s 21 isg ish`Mu .=rejrekao jev j¾ckhg le|úh hq;=h hk fhdackdj tAlu;slj iïu; úh'

cQ,s 15 fjks Èk /<sfha§ cQ,s 17 fjksÞ isg .=re úoHd, j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejrekao cQ,s 21 isg ish`Mu mdie,a j, fiajh lrk .=rejrekao igkg le|ùug .;a ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;alrk ,È' tys§ iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uh fjkqfjka l;d l< uyskao m;srK" ÿïßh igk yqol,d fkdlr bÈßhg f.k hEug mQ¾K iyfhda.h fok nj;a" ;ukaf.a ish`Mu idudðl;ajh igkg tlalrk nj;a isxy ,S,dfjka >¾ckh lrñka bÈßm;a lrk ,È'

igka ixúOdkh

cQ,s 15 fjks Èk isgu /<sfha§ m%ldY l< igka ;Skaÿj l%shdjg kexùug ix.uh úiska mshjr .kakd ,È' l%shdldÍkaf.a /iaùï u.skao" m;%sld u.skao úfYaI .=rey~ l,dmhla u.skao j¾ck ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;alr j¾ckh id¾:l lsÍug yels iEu mshjrlau .kakd ,È' fï w;r cQ,s 16" 17 yd 18 Èkj, ,xld .=re ix.ufha l%shdldÍyQ uqM Èjhsfkau mdie,la mdie,la .dfka weúsosñka .=rejreka igkg neiaiùug Wmßu W;aidyh .;ay'

41

cQ,s 17 .=re úÿyf,a igkg t<fUhs

cQ,s 17 fjks Èk .=re úÿy,a j, j¾ckh id¾:l úh' tfy;a wka;¾ .=re úoHd,Sh YsIH n, uxv,h kñka wgjdf.k we;s Bkshd ixúOdkh .=re úÿy,a igkg fydrslv lï lrñka igk wdmiaig yerùug .kakd ,o kskaÈ; W;aidyh ksid we;eï .=re úoHd, j, j¾ckh wvmK úk' wkqrdOmqr .=re úÿyf,a j¾ckh cQ,s 17 Þ .=re úÿy,g f.dia j¾ckh lvd lmam,a lr ouk ,È' kej; j¾ckh id¾:l lsÍug bÈßm;a jQ wkqrdOmqr Èid f,alï yd Èid NdKAvd.dßl w;a wvx.=jg .kakd ,È'

wkqrdOmqr Èid weu;s wkqju hñka c'ú'fm' wkqrdOmqr Èid f,alï yd j.lsjhq;a;ka úiska" 17 jk Èk wkqrdOmqr .=re úÿyf,a j¾ckh fufyh ùu .ek ,xld .=re ix.ufha Èid f,alï iy uOH úOdhl iNsl mS' wfír;ak hk ifydaorjreka fodaIdfrdamkhg ,lalrk ,È' ;jo" w;awvx.=jg .kakd ,o Èid f,alï iy Èid NdKavd.dßl ms<sn|j fmd,sishg bÈßm;aj lghq;= lsÍug wdrlaIl m%Yak ksid c'ú'fm' wkqrdOmqr Èid ixúOdhlhskag fkdyels nj ÿrl:kfhka okajd isák ,È'

iudcjd§ ,smslre fmruqK

jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ cQ,s 11 ;Skaÿj wkqj rcfha ,smslre fiajd ix.ufha cQ,s 17 jk Èk isgo iuia: ,xld rcfha ,smslre ix.uh cQ,s 18 Þ isgo ;u idudðl;ajh igkg le|ùug ;SrK .kakd ,È' rcfha ,smslre fiajd ix.ufha ;Skaÿj lv fldg cQ,s 18 Þ isg igkg iyNd.S jk f,ig c'ú'fm idudðlhskag Wmfoia ÿka w;r" yels muK igk ÿ¾j, lsÍu i|yd uykais .kakd f,igo Wmfoia ksl=;a flßK'

cQ,s 20- uOH úOdhl iNd /iaùu

cQ,s 20 jk Èk Wfoa ,xld .=re ix.ufha uOH úOdhl iNdj /iaùug kshñ;j ;snQ w;r" tÈk Wfoa c'ú'fm' yS" fidaujxY wurisxy úiska tÉ'tka' yd Ñ;%d,a ifydaorjrekag wu;k ,o .ukdhlf.a ,smshla Ñ;%d,a ifydaorhdg Ndrfok ,È' cQ,s 21 ,xld .=re ix.ufha idudðl;ajh jev j¾ckhg msúiSfuka miq cQ,s 22 jk Èk mdie,a jid ±óug rch ;SrKh lr we;ehs wdrxÑhla ,eî we;s nj;a" fï ksid 21 Èkg ;Skaÿ lr we;s jev j¾ckh fkdlrk f,i;a" wfkl=;a .=re ix.ï jev j¾ckh lrkafka kï muKla cQ,s 22 Þ jev j¾ckh lrk f,i;a hk Wmfoia tu ,smsfha wvx.= úh'

1980 cQ,s 19 Þ ;ñka hq;= - tÉ' tka' yd Ñ;%d,a ifydaorjreka wu;k ,o cQ,s 20 jk Èk Ndr fok ,o Wm;siai .ukdhlf.a ,smsh (

tÉ'tka' yd Ñ;%d,a ifydaorjrekag

) ±k.kakg ,eî we;s wdrxÑ wkqj 21 ,xld .=re ix.ufha .=reka j¾ckhlg iyNd.S ùfï ;;ajh wkqj 22 mdie,a jid ±óug lghq;= lrkafka ' fuh i;Hhla kï wmf.a ifydaorjreka ovhï ùug th fya;=jla fkao@

) fuys§ wm j¾ckh ms<sn| fh¥ Wml%u j,g by,ska wjia:djd§kaf.a Wml%u Wkaf.a jdishg;a wmf.a wjdishg;a fhfohs fkao@ tA ksid fï ;;ajh u.yrjd .ekSug my;

42

i|yka Wml%u fol i,ld n,d ;SrKhla .kak' 1& tlaflda 21 .=re ix.ufha uOH úOdhl iNdj muKla j¾ckh fldg Èia;%sla uÜgñka fiiq .=reka iu. 22 Þ neiaish hq;=h' fuh lrkafka kï uOHu úOdhl iNdjla iQÞkï lrkak' 2& ke;skï .=re ix.ï l%shdldÍ lñgqj iu. w;ru. iudÞkhlg t<ö ^Wml%uYs,Sj& tl Èkhl neiaiúh yels±hs n,kak' fuh .=re úoHd, j,g ±kg jev j¾ckhg nei isák ifydaorjrekag m%YaKhla fkdjk f,i lrkak'

fuhg" ifydaor;ajfhka" w'lf<a $ Wm;siai .ukdhl

fuu ,smsfha Wmfoia j,g wu;rj tÈk Wfoa ^cQ,s 20& meñKs foaYmd,k uxv, iNslfhl= f,i ye¢kafjk jdia ;s,lr;ak úiska cQ,s 21 jev j¾ckh fkdlrk f,ig lshd isák ,È' tfy;a j¾ck ;Skaÿj fjkia lsÍfï m%dfhda.sl wmyiqlï yd tfia fjkia lsÍu ;=, ix.uhg;a fmdÿfõ lïlre mx;shg;a" jev j¾ckhg;a isÿjk ydksh ms<sn|j §¾>j lreKq olajñka tu Wmfoia l%shd;aul l< fkdyels nj fmkajd ÿka Ñ;%d,a ifydaorhd tA ms<sn|j tÉ'tka' ifydaorhd iu.o idlÉPd lrk f,i b,a,d isák ,È' úfYaIfhka 17 jk Èk oyilg wdikak .=re joHd, j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejreka jev j¾ckfha fh§ isák njo fmkajd § hï fyhlska j¾ck ;Skaÿj fjkia l<fyd;a th Tjqkag lrk fødayS lula fkdjkafka ±hs m%Yak lrk ,È' kuq;a tA ms<sn| ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k jdia ;s,lr;ak hkakg .sfhah'

cQ,s 15 fjks Èk uOH úOdhl iNdfõ tAlu;sl ;SrKh mßÈ .kakd ,o jev j¾ck ;Skaÿj bÈßhg f.k hEu i|yd l< hq;= ixúOdk lghq;= cQ,s 20 Èk uOH úOdhl iNdfõ idlÉPd fldg tAlu;sl ;SrK j,g t<fUk ,È' fï w;r jdia ;s,lr;ak yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa uyskao m;srK hk whj¨ka cQ,s 21 jk osk jev j¾ckh fkdlrk f,ig iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ï j, idudðl;ajh orK .=rejreka fj; c'ú'fm' ixúOdk yryd Wmfoia ksl=;a l<y' fuu lïlre mx;s fødayS W;aidyh u.ska 21 jk Èk jev j¾ckhg msúiSu je,elaùug;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ;e; wid¾:l lsÍug ix.uh fndfyda ÿrg W;aidy .;a kuq;a ,xld .=re ix.ufha ud;f,a Èidj tu fødayS Wmfoia u; jev j¾ckhg .=rejreka fufyhùfuka je,lsk' fuu Wmfoia u.ska ix.ufha ixúOdk lghq;= wjq,a lsÍug Tjqyq W;aidy .;ay'

mlaIfha fuu ;Skaÿj tkï cQ,s 21 jev j¾ckh fkdlr cQ,s 22 wfkl=;a ix.ï jev j¾ckh lrkafka kï muKla jev j¾ckh lrk f,ig hkak ;ud okakjd kï yïnkaf;dg Èidfõ cQ,s 21 jev j¾ckhg .=rejreka iyNd.S fkdlrk nj ksjdvq msg isák frdayK úfÊùr ud;r mdlaIslhska bÈßfha 1980'08'02 fjks Èk m%ldY lrk ,È'

fydrslv lï rg mqrd m;=rjhs'

cQ,s 21 fjks Èk jev j¾ckh fkdlrk f,ig fok ,o Wmfoia j,g wu;rj" cQ,s 8 Þ ÿïßh lïlrejkag fok ,o Wmfoia j,g iudkj .=re lafIa;%h ;=,o —wfkl=;a .=re ix.ï jev

43

j¾ckh lrkafka kï jev j¾ckhg tlaúh hq;=h' —jev j¾ckhg tlaúh hq;af;a fy,sorõ jQ wh mufKls' —fuu igfka kdhl;ajh wjia:djd§kaf.a neúka igk bÈßhg f.k hEug ixúOdkh lsÍfuka je,lsh hq;=h'˜ —jev j¾ckh mqM,a fkdl< hq;=h'˜ —jev j¾ckfha wid¾:l Ndjh muKla m%isoaO l< hq;=h'˜ hkd§ Wmfoia foñka iïmQ¾Kfhka jev j¾ckh wvmK lsÍug yd Èhlr yeÍug W;aidy .kakd ,È' jev j¾clhskaf.a /lshd wysñ jk njg iy;sl ksl=;a lrñka" fiajlhska ìhg m;alrjñka jev j¾clhska wffO¾hhg m;alrk ,È'

jev j¾ckh lr isákakkago yels kï wNshdpkd § fyda wdmiq jevg hk f,ig Wmfoia fok ,È'

c'ú'fm' iu. idlÉPd

,xld .=re ix.ufha l%shdldÍkaf.ka wikakg ,enqfka jev j¾ckh id¾:l lsÍug Wmßu ixúOdk Yla;sh fhdojñka l%shdldrk ,xld .=re ix.ufha l%shdldÍ c'ú'fm' idudðlhskag yd ys;j;=kag tfia lghq;= fkdlrk f,ig c'ú'fm úiska Wmfoia fok nj;a" th ix.ufha wkque;sh we;sj flfrkakla ±hs ix.ufha l%shdldÍka úu;shg m;aj isák nj;ah'

fuf,i j¾ckhg fødayslï lsÍu kj;ajk f,i;a" ix.ufha ;SrK wkqj Èh;a lr we;s ixúOdk lghq;= wjq,a lsÍu j,lajk f,i;a" tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ yd Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd hk ifydaorjre cQ,s 23 Èk rd;%sfha frdayK úfÊùr iu. lrk ,o idlÉPdfõ§ b,a,d isák ,È' tu idlÉPdfõ§ jev j¾ckh iïnkaOfhka wjq,a we;sù w;s nj;a" jro ms<s.kakd nj;a m%ldY l< Tyq tu lreKq .ek idlÉPd lr ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu i|yd Wm;siai .ukdhl iy ,hk,a fndamf.aj miqÈkg tjk nj okajñka msgù .sfhah'

cQ,s 24 Þ Wfoa .ukdhl fkdmeñKs w;r" uyskao m;srK iu. ,hk,a fndamf.a meñKs kuq;a" isÿjQ jerÈ ms<sfkdf.k uyka;;a; f,i yeisÍug uyskao m;srK W;aidy l< úg uyskao m;srK ksy~ lrjd iji kej; meñfKk nj okajd fndamf.a wdmiq .sfhah' tÈk iji fndamf.a meñKs miq tÉ' tka' iy Ñ;%d,a ifydaorjreka úiska Woa.;ù we;s ;;ajh ms<sn|j;a c'ú'fm' mQ¾Kld,slhska iy Èid ixúOdhlhskaf.a lghq;= ksid .=re ix.ufha ixúOdk lghq;= wjq,a lsÍu ms<sn|j;a lreKq olajk ,È' tu lreKq wid isá fndamf.a bÈßhg wjq,a we;s fkdlrk njg fmdfrdkaÿ fjñka msg;aj .sfhah' tfy;a cQ,s 26 jk úg;a fï ;;ajfha fjkila fkdjQ ksid tÈk iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï Wm;siai .ukdhlj yuqjQ tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd c'ú'fm' úiska jev j¾ckh ms<sn|j f.k hk m%;sm;a;sh fjkia lrk f,ig b,a,d isák ,È' cQ,s 27 jk Èk uOH úOdhl iNd /iaùula meje;afjk neúka thg iyNd.S jk mdlaIslhska yuqù mek ke.S we;s wjq,a iy.; ;;ajh ms<sn|j idlÉPd lr úi÷ula ,ndfok f,io b,a,d isák ,È'

cQ,s 27 uOH úOdhl iNdj

cQ,s 27 jk Èk uOH úOdhl iNdfõ isák mdlaIslhska yuqùug .ukdhl meñKsfha ke;' jev j¾ckh wLKavj bÈßhg f.k hEu i|yd ix.uh ish Wmßu ixúOdk Yla;sh fhoúh hq;= hehs f.k tk ,o fhdackdj uOH úOdhl iNdj úiska tAlu;slj iïu; lrk ,È' tfy;a fï jk úg;a fy<sorõ jQ c'ú'fm' fødayslï .ek uOH úOdhl iNdj ;=, ks, jYfhka

44

idlÉPd ùu j,lajk ,oafoa mdlaIsl uÜgñka mlaIh iu. idlÉPd lr mek ke.S we;s m%Yakh úi|d .ekSug yelsfõh hk n,dfmdrd;a;=fjks'

cQ,s 30

cQ,s 30 fjks Èk ,xld .=re ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNdj jev j¾ckh bÈßhg f.khEu iïnkaOjo bÈßm;aj we;s mdjd§ï yd fødayslï ms<sn|jo idlÉPd lrk ,È' ÿïßh wr.,h wdrïNfha isg tu jev j¾ckhg úreoaOj ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shd l,dmh §¾> f,i idlÉPd l< lD;HdêldÍ iNdj tA ms<sn|j fuf;la mdlaIsl uÜgñka lr we;s úúO idlÉPd j,ska m,la ù ke;s ;;ajh hgf;a tu j¾ckh úfrdaë jev ms,sfj, úia;r lrñka tu ms<sfj; jydu fjkia lr j¾ckhg iyh olajk f,i b,a,ñka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg ,smshla heúh hq;= hehs f.fkk ,o fhdackdj tAlu;sl iïu; jQfha tu ,smsh ix.uh jYfhka fkdj lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ isák mdlaIslhska jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍugh' tu ,smsh ix.uh jYfhka bÈßm;a fkdlr mdlaIslhska jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug ;SrKh lf<a ix.uh jYfhka mlaIhg ,smshla heùu fï wjia:dfõ kqiqÿiq nj;a" ;j ÿrg;a idlÉPd u.ska m%Yakh úi|d.; yelsh hk u;h iuyre ±rE ksid;ah' ,smsfha flgqï m; §¾>j idlÉPd fldg wjidkfha tlÕ jQ lreKq wvx.= flgqï m; miq Èk tkï cQ,s 31 h;=re ,shkh fldg w;aika ;nk ,È'

cQ,s 31

cQ,s 31 /iajQ uOH úOdhl iNdj fuf;la jev j¾ckfha ;;ajh;a" tu jev j¾ckfha§ Okm;s hQ'weka'mS' wdKavqj úiska f.k hk ,o u¾okhg wu;rj l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ iy úúO foaYmd,k mlaI j¾ckh mdjd§ug l%shdl< wdldrh .ek idlÉPd lrk ,È'

c'ú'fm' j¾ckh ms<sn|j f.k we;s l%shd l,dmh È.ska È.gu idlÉPd úh' ,xld .=re ix.ufha úúO Èid j,ska meñ‚ uOH úOdhl iNslhska ;u w;a±lSï bÈßm;a lrñka fydßlv lï fy,d olsñka woyia bÈßm;a l<y' wjidkfha§ j¾ckh ms<sn|j ixúOdkfha§ yd l%shdud¾. .ekSfï§ lsisu ixúOdkhl woyia ms<sfkdf.k ix.ufha ;SrKhka muKla bÈßhg f.k hEug tAlu;slj fhdackd iïu; lrk ,È' uOH úOdhl iNdj meje;afjk w;r;=r —Ñ;%d,a g muKhs hkqfjka ,smshla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa f,alï ohd jkakswdrÉÑf.ka ,eìK'

tu ,smsh ( '''''

1980$07$31

wdorŒh Ñ;%d,a"

miq.sh Èk lSmhl isgu Tn yuqùfï Wjukdfjka isáho Tn yuqùug meñŒug fkdyelsj isáñ' ^wikSm ksid&' tneúka jev lghq;= fld;rï ;snqko bvla ,ndf.k yels blaukska ^wou& ud yuqjk f,i b,a,ñ' fuh f.k tk ifydaorhd ud isák ;ek okS'

fuhg"

45

WKqiqï úma,ùh ifydaor;ajfhka"

w'lf<a $ ohd jkakswdrÉÑ

1980$07$31

by; ,smsh wkqj tÈk iji ohd jkakswdrÉÑ yuqù lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ mdlaIslhska 11 fokd úiska w;aika ;nk ,o ,smsh Ndrfok ,È'

tu ,smsh( ''''' 8 fjks msg

,xld .=re ix.uh" wxl 72" uef,a ùÈh" fld<U 02' 1980'07'31

01' m%Odk f,alï ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK 02' m%Odk f,alï" iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uh" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK' iuia: uyd jev j¾ckh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK' cQ,s 07 fjks Èk r;au,dk ÿïßh l¾udka; Yd,dfõ fiajlhska úiska laIKslj uyd jev j¾ckh wdrïN lrk ,È' tu jev j¾ckh uqM ÿïßh lafIa;%h ;=,u me;sÍ .sh w;r" ÿïßh fiajh Èk lSmhla iïmQ¾Kfhkau wvd,j mej;sk' tla me;a;lska ÿïßh jev j¾ckh úkdY lsÍug wdKAvqj yeu mshjrlau .ksoa§ jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj yd wksl=;a iñ;s tu igk yqol,d fldg úkdY ùug bvyer ;sìk' Ôjk nr bis,sh fkdyels ;;ajh hgf;a yd fiajd ia:dkhkayS mj;sk ¥IK yd wl%ñl;d ksid mSvdjg m;aùu;a fya;=fldg f.k ÿïßh jev j¾ckhg iEu fiajlfhl=f.kau ±ä iyfhda.h m<úh' jydu j¾ck ;Skaÿ .kakd f,ig my,ska iñ;s kdhl;ajhg n,mEï we;s úh' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK yd iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uh" ÿïßh igk yqol,d fkdlrk f,ig;a jydu jev j¾ck ;Skaÿ .kAkd f,ig;a n,lrñka rgmqrd ±jeka; fmdaiag¾ Èh;a lrk ,È'

46

ÿïßh jev j¾ckh úúO Wml%u u.ska lvd lmam,a lsÍu i|yd wdKAvqj fkdfhla W;aidy .;a kuq;a ^th wid¾:l jqjo& ÿïßh Odjkh lsÍu h:d mßÈ flfrk njg yqjd olajk ,È' fï w;r" jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj /ialr tAlu;sl ;SrKhla .; fkdyelsj l,a urd wjidkfha§ iñ;s yd iïfï,k 12 la muK cQ,s 11 fjks Èk uyd jev j¾ck ;Skaÿj f.k tA wkqj ish`Mu fiajlhska 21 Èkg fyda Bg fmr jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S lrúh hq;= njg ;SrKh lrk ,È' fï wkqj jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqjg wh;a iñ;so wm ix.uh jeks thg wh;a ke;s iñ;so jev j¾ck ;Skaÿ f.k igkg t<U ;sfí' wdKavqfõ m%pdrh wkqj ±kg jev j¾cs; ixLHdj 46"000 ls' tfy;a fï jev j¾ckh lvd lmam,a lr ±óug rch yÈis kS;sh hgf;a j¾ckh kS;s úfrdaë fldg" mqj;a md,khla we;s fldg" jD;a;Sh iñ;s j, nexl= .sKqï ;ykï fldg ouk ,È' fuu ;;ajhka hgf;ao wo Èk jk úg;a úúO wxY j,ska ixLHd;aulj .;al< l=vd jqj;a jev j¾ckhg fiajlhska msúfiñka isà' fuh wid¾:l jev j¾ckhla nj" jev j¾ckhg fmdÿ ck iyh ,eî ke;s nj;a hfula mjikjd kï Tyq fojeks jkafka fÊ'wd¾' g muKla fkdfõo @ j¾ckh mqM,aj me;sfrk wjia:dfõ§ o" Bg miqjo jev j¾ckh ms<sn|j ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shd l,dmh l=ulao hkak my; ±lafjk lreKq j,ska ukdj meyeÈ,sfõ' 1' ÿïßh jev j¾ckh l=uka;%Khl m%;sM,hla jYfhka y÷kajd§ug uq, isgu W;aidy f.k thska wk;=rej uyd jev j¾ckh" Y%S','ks'm" ,'i'i'm" fld'm' wd§kaf.a l=uka;%Khl m%;sM,hla f,i y÷kajñka j¾ckhg iyNd.S jk f,ig Wmfoia fok njg ujd fmkajñka ;u flavrh yd ys;j;=ka u.ska jev j¾ckh ÿ¾j, lsÍug .;yels iEu l%shdud¾.hlau .ekSu' 2' jev j¾ckhg fiajlhska iyNd.S jk ia:dk j,§ c'ù'fm' idudðlhska njg fy,sorõ ù we;s wh muKla jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S úh hq;= njg;a" wka wh jev j¾ckh fkdl< hq;= njg;a Wmfoia §u' 3' jev j¾ckh mj;sk yd wksl=;a fiajd ia:dk j, Y%S','ks'm" ,'i'i'm" fld'm' idudðlhska jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S lsÍug l%shd lrk w;r" c'ú'fm' idudðlhskag b;du wdrlaIs; ;;ajhka we;akï muKla j¾ckhg iyNd.S jk f,ig Wmfoia §u' 4' ,xld .=re ix.uh cQ,s 15 fjks Èkg iQÞkï fldg ;snQ Woaf>daIK jHdmdrh yd /iaùu" igka ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;alrk /iaùula fkdj" yqÿ iyfhda.h olajk /<shla njg m;alrk f,ig Wmfoia §u' 5' ix.ufha uq,a jev j¾ck ;SrKh jQ cQ,s 17 jk Èkg ish`Mu .=rejreka ^.=re úÿy,a j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejrekao we;=M& jev j¾ckhg le|ùug .kakd ,o ;SrKh mlaIfha ksfhda.hla jYfhka .ukdhl ifydaorhd úiska fok ,o Wmfoia wkqj cQ,s 17 Þg .=re úÿy,a j, mqyqKqj ,nk .=rejrekao" ish`Mu mdie,a j, .=rejreka 21 jk Èkgo iyNd.S lrjk whqßka fjkia lsÍu'

47

6' by; ;SrKh mßÈ cQ,s 21 Èkg rgmqrd ish`Mu .=rejreka igkg le|jd tA i|yd ish`Mu ixúOdk lghq;= lr ;sìh§ cQ,s 20 jk Èk Wfoa ^u'ú'i'/iajQ Èk& .ukdhl ifydaorhdf.a ,smshla ,eîu;a iu.u meñKs jdia ;s,lr;ak ifydaorhd 21 jk Èkg le|jd we;s jev j¾ckh kj;d 22 jk Èk wksl=;a .=re ix.ï jev j¾ckh lrkafka kï muKla jev j¾ckfha fhfok f,i;a" tA i|yd wksl=;a .=re ix.ï iu. w;rueÈ iudÞkhlg t<fUk f,i;a okajd isàu' fuh m%dfhda.sl fkdjk nj ^Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd ifydaorhd úiska& fmkajd §fuka miqj;a 22 jk Èkg mdie,a jid ouk njg wdrxÑhla ,eî we;s neúka 21 jk Èk ,xld .=re ix.ufha idudðlhska jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S lrjd Tjqka u¾okh lrùug Y%S','ks'm" ,d'i'i'm" fld'm'j, l=uka;%Kh ch .ekSug bv ;sfnk nj;a mejiSu" tA jk úg ix.uh ;=, isÿjQ igka ixúOdk lghq;= wkqj fuu woyi bÈßm;a lsÍu wiSre nj mjid tA ms<n|j tÉ'tka' ifydaorhd iu.o l:d lrk f,i Ñ;%d,a ifydaorhd bÈßm;a l< woyi ms<sfkd.ksñka" tA i|yd W;aidy fkdlr" jdia ifydaorhd bj;aj hEu' 7' mlaIh úiska tu woyia ix.uhg bÈßm;a lsÍfï§" 1' miq.sh wr.,hka ^úfYaIfhka 71 wjêh& ms<s|j fkdi,ld 22 jk Èk isg mdie,a jid ±óula isÿjkafka hehs Wml,amkh lsÍu' 2' 21 jk Èk j¾ckh wdrïN lsÍug ish`Mu lghq;= fufyhjd ;sìh§ 20 jeks Èk jeks b;du wdikak Èkhl§ tu ;SrKh fjkia fldg 22 jk Èkg j¾ckh fufyhùug we;s m%dfhda.sl Ndjh ms,sn|j ksis ;elSula fkdlsÍu' 3' cQ,s 05 jk Èk úfrdaO;d Èkhg wfkla .=re ix.ï iu. tAldnoaOj mslÜ lsÍug tlÕ m%ldYhla ksl=;a lsÍu .ek WrK jQ mlaIh" fï wjia:dfõ§ wks;a ix.ï iu. tAldnoaO igka ;Skaÿ .ekSug;a" w;rueÈ iudÞkhlg t<öug b,a,Sula u.ska mriamr úfrdaë ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lsÍu' 4' ,xld .=re ix.uh jD;a;Sh iñ;shla jYfhka wo isák ;;ajhg m;aùu flfrys n,mE ft;sydisl igka ;Skaÿ iy tAjd l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ix.uh È.gu ksjerÈ ia:djrhkayS isá wdldrh wj;lafiare lsÍu' hk lreKq u.ska wmg fmkS hk mßÈ" jD;a;Sh iñ;shla jYfhka ,xld .=re ix.ufha jHqyh fyda tys ixúOdkh ms,sn|j lsis÷ ye`.Sula fyda ;elSula fkdue;sj ;SrK .ekSu u.ska ,xld .=re ix.ufha ixúOdk jHqyh úkdY lsÍug mshjr f.k ;sîu' 8' cQ,s 21 jk Èk jev j¾ckh fkdlrk f,i ix.uhg fok ,o ;SrKh .ek ix.ufha m%;sl%shdj ms<sn|j kej; úuiSula fkdlr" ix.ufha ks,;, n,y;aldrfhka mjrd .;a jdia ;s,lr;ak yd uyskao m;srK hk ifydaorjreka úiska 21 jk Èk jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S fkdjk f,ig ,xld .=re ix.ufha idudðlhskag ^mdlaIslhskag& ksfhda. lsÍu'

48

9' mlaIfha m%dfoaYsl mQ¾Kld,slhska" Èid f,alïjreka" Èid ixúOdhlhska úiska jev j¾ckfha id¾:l;ajh yd idOdrK;ajh ms<sn|j fkdj fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok yd Tyqf.a .e;a;rhskao wNsnjd j¾ckfha wid¾:lNdjh yd tys jerÈ lshñka j¾ckhg iyNd.S fkdjk f,ig Wmfoia §u;a" jev j¾clhska wffO¾hu;a lsÍug l%shd lsÍu;a ix.ufha l%shdldßkag jev j¾ckh mqM,a fkdlrk f,ig;a" w¨;ska fiajlhska jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S fkdlrk f,ig;a Wmfoia §u' 10' mlaIfha mdlaIsl ifydaorjrekag jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S fkdjk f,ig Wmfoia §u ^WÞyrKhla f,i" jdia ;s,lr;akf.a mKsúvhla wkqj" kkaÞ .=reisxyf.a ifydaoßh jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S fkdùh'& 11' c'ú'fm' idudðlhska u¾okhg f.dÿre jqjfyd;a wÞ< jD;a;Sh ix.ï mlaIfha jev lsÍu wvd, jkafka hehs jerÈ jegySula we;s lrjd u¾okfhka c'ú'fm' idudðlhska fíßh hq;=hehs mlaIfha kj —wdrlaIKjdohla ˜ bÈßm;a lsÍu' 12' jev j¾ckhg iyNd.S ù isák ,laIhlg wêl fiajl msßi yqol,d fldg" fÊ'wd¾'f.a wNsu;h wkqj fiajd wfydais jQjka njg m;a lsÍug bv § yÈis kS;sh hgf;a tu lïlrejka u¾okh lsÍug tfrysj lsisu l%shdud¾.hla fkdf.k tu kS;s yuqfõ ;uka u¾okh ùu je,elaùug oE;a ne|f.k isáñka j¾clhskaf.a yd j¾ckh fufyhjkakkaf.a wvqmdvq lshñka fydßlvlï lsÍu' fuys§ 1976 ÿïßh wr.,fha fft;sydisl w;a±lSï tkï" yÈis kS;sh bj;a lsÍug Okm;s wdKavqjg n,flrefKa tu wr.,fhka werô uyd jev j¾ckh úiska njo" fï wh wu;l lsÍu' 13' yÈis kS;sh hgf;a u¾okh Èh;a lr ;sìh§ fï .ek ksy~j lsisu Woaf>daIKhla fkdlr ;uka fíÍ isàfï wjia:djd§ m%;sm;a;sh wkqu.ukh lsÍu' wêrdcHjd§ hq.fha§ lïlre mx;sh igka lf<a oreKq u¾okldÍ ;;ajhka hgf;ah' tu hq.fha§ tA'B' .=Kisxy jeks m%;sixialrKjd§ lïlre kdhlhska hgf;a mjd lïlrefjda /lshd wysñ lr .ksñka iqÿ md,lhskag úreoaOj igka l<y' Bg miq igka ;=,ska ,enQ w;a±lSï wkqj fuu lïlrefjda tA' tA' .=Kisxyf.a m%;sixialrKjd§ kdhl;ajh m%;slafIam lrkakg jQy' tu jerÈ kdhl;ajh mrdch lsÍfuka miqj ,'i'i'm' iy fld'm'úiska jD;a;Sh iñ;s jHdmdrh fufyhjk ,È' jD;a;Sh iñ;s jHdmdrh flfrys miqj we;sjqkq úúOdldr n,mEï j,ska miqjo wo jD;a;Sh iñ;s jHdmdrh fuu fukafIúla mlaIh hgf;a fufyh jk iajrEmhla we;' fuu fukafIúla mlaI tA'B' .=Kisxyf.a m%;sixialrKjdoh mrdch lf<a lïlre mx;sfhka tÞ mek ke.=Kq iEu wr.,hlgu iyNd.S ùu yd kdhl;ajh iemhSu u.sks' tf,iu woo wd¾Ól w¾nqoh W.% ùu;a iu.u mek k.sk wr., j,g iyh §fuka f;drj fï fukafIúla kdhl;ajh fy,sorõ lrñka lïlre mx;s jHdmdrhg kdhl;ajh iemhSu l< fkdyel' ld,hla ;siafia lïlre mx;s jHdmdrh uq,d lsÍfuka Tjqka ,enQ w;a±lSï Wmfhda.S lr .sksñka fuu wr., Tjqkaf.a foaYmd,k Wjukdjka bgq lr .ekSug fukafIúlhska fhdÞ .kq we;' ffokslj mek k.sk lïlre wr., j,g iyNd.S jk

49

lïlrejka Tjqkaf.a .%yKfhka uqÞ .ekSug kï igk ;=, isáñka Tjqka ffO¾hu;a l< hq;=h' tu igk m%;slafIam fldg mrdch .ek yqjd olajñka —wdrlaIdj˜ .ek l:d lsÍfuka jkafka wjia:djd§kaf.a .%yKhg kej; jrla lïlrejka f.dÿre jkakg bv yeÍu muKs' ;u mdlaIslhska yd ys;j;=ka ,jd —u¾okfhka wdrlaIdj˜ hk kHdh hgf;la lïlre mx;sh yqol,d lsÍug i,iajd igkg iyNd.S fkdùug Wmfoia §u iy igk mqM,aùu je,elaùu ^igkla mj;soa§& we;af;kau m%;s.dó l%shdjls' wo fï rfÜ mj;sk uqÜáldis jD;a;Sh iñ;s jHdmdrh ksjerÈ lïlre mx;s foaYmd,kh u.ska m<jd yeÍug kï úYd, lem lsÍula l< hq;=j we;' wm fuys§ lïlrejkaf.a Ôú; fyda /lshd wksjd¾;fha úkdY lr.; hq;= hehs lsisfia;a woyia fkdlruq' tA;a u¾okhg f.dÿre fõ hehs ìh m<lrñka thska .e,úh yelshehs is;ñka mx;s igka j,ska wE;aù isàu úma,jjd§ mlaIhlg ;rï fkdjk nj wms kej; kej;;a lshuq' by; ish¨u oE isÿlrk ,oafoa fï hq.fha§ hQ'weka'mS' h iu. .eàu jerÈh hk ir, m%;sm;a;sfha isàfuks' fï ms<sn|j b;du;a ksjerÈj fy,sorõ jQfhao fï wia:dfõ§h' fï ms<sn|j iajhx úfõpkd;aulj ±l jydu fï m%;sm;a;sh fjkia fldg my; i|yka l%shdud¾. .;hq;= njg b,a,d isáuq' 1' jev j¾ckhg úreoaOj f.k hk ish`Mu m%pdr jydu keje;aùu' 2' ±kg jev j¾ckh lr we;s fiajd ia:dk j, iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ufha iEu idudðlfhlau j¾ckhg le|ùu' 3' iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ï kdhl;ajfha we;s iEu iñ;shlau" YdLdjlau ienE f,ig j¾ckhg msúiSu i|yd wjYH mshjr jydu .ekSu'

4' iEu iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uhlau tAldnoaO fldg" tys kdhl;ajh hgf;a ±kg j¾ckh fkdlrk wh j¾ckhg le|ùug Woaf>daIKh lsÍu iy j¾ckhg fuf;la tlaù ke;s iñ;s j,g n,mEï lsÍu' 5' mlaI ixúOdk u.ska rg mqrd j¾ckfha idOdrK;ajh .ek m%pdrl lghq;= lsÍu yd tu.ska j¾ckhg úi÷ï ,ndfok f,i n,lrk mqM,a m%pdrl lghq;= j, kshe,Su' 6' iudcjd§ YsIH ix.uh l%shd;aul f,i j¾ckhg iyh ±laùug fhdÞ tu.ska mdie,a isiqka mx;s j¾ckhlg fufyhùu' 7' ±kg l%shd;aul lr we;s yÈis wjia:d ksfhda. u.ska lïlre mx;sh m%uqL fmdÿ ck;djf.a m%cd whs;Ska wfydais lsÍu" yÈis wjia:d mekùug;a" lïlre whs;Ska Wÿrd .ekSug;a úreoaOj udkj whs;sjdislï iq/lSfï ixúOdkfha fufyhùfuka mqM,a ck;d jHdmdrhla ixúOdkh lsÍu'

50

fuu ,smshg läkï ms<s;=rla wfmalaId lrk w;r" fuys by; ±lajQ mßÈ mlaIfha wkq±kqu yd Wmfoia wkqj isÿlr we;s —fydßlvlï˜ wmg k.k wj,do j,g ms<s;=re foaYK u.ska yqÿ wj,do f,ig neyer lsÍug fyda wksl=;a ixúOdk j,g uv .eiSu ;=<ska iqokka ùug h<s;a yelsfõ hehs l,amkd lrkafka kï th uq,djla njo fmkajd fouq'

fuhg" ifydaor;ajfhka" ,xld .=re ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNslhska jk" w$lf<a' 01' tÉ'tka'm%kdkaÿ ^iNdm;s& 02' Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd^m%Odk f,alï& 03' wurfiak o is,ajd ^m%Odk NdKavd.dßl& 04' kkaomd, meial=j,a ^È'f,a'ñkqjkaf.dv& 05' chka; isßj¾Ok ^ixúOdhl f,alï& 06' mhia fyÜáwdrÉÑ ^iyh f,alï& 07' mS',shkf.a ^jD;a;Sh f,alï& 08' mS'mS'fmf¾rd ^È'f,a'fld<U ol=K& 09' moañŒ m,a,sh.=re ^È'f,a'fydaud.u& 10' ví'tA'isßmd, ^È'f,a'yïnkaf;dg& 11' whs' chisxy

msgm; ( 1' frdayK úfÊùr ifydaorhd by; ,smsfha lreKq ms<sn|j §¾>j jkakswdrÉÑ iu. idlÉPd lsÍfuka wk;=rej tys lreKq ish,a,u ms<s.;a Tyq ;ud wikSmfhka miqjk ksid miq.sh Èkj, isÿùï ms<sn|j lsisjla fkdokakd njg m%ldY lr isák ,È' wf.dia;= 01 ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%Odk f,alïg Ndrfok ,o by; ,smsfha msgm;a fuÈk frdayK úfÊùrg ^ví'tA' isßmd, úiska& yd iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï Wm;siai .ukdhlg Ndrfok ,È' tÈk ijia jk úgu ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska ;u l%shdldÍkaf.a ud¾.fhka ,xld .=re ix.uhg úreoaOj úúO wj,do k.ñka úlD;s lrk ,o m%pdrhka f.k hEu wdrïN lr ;snqkq njg jd¾;d ,efnkakg úh' tÈk iji 6'00 g muK Wm;siai .ukdhlf.a w;aikska lD;HdêldÍ iNdj wf.daia;= 5 jk Èkg;a" uOH úOdhl iNdj 6 jk Èkg;a le|jk f,i ksfhda. lrñka ,smshla m%Odk f,alï jQ ud fj; ,eìK'

tu ,smsh (- 1980'08'01

51

m%Odk f,alï ,xld .=re ix.uh" 72" uef,a ùÈh" fld<U'

ifydaorh" 1980'07'31 Þ;ñka Tn lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ idudðlhskaf.a w;aika we;sj —iuia: uyd jev j¾ckh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ˜ uefhka tjQ ,smsh ms<sn|jhs' Tnf.a ,smshg wÞ< lreKq ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍug ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,k uxv,h ;SrKh lr we;' wÞ< lreKq ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsrSSug ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,k uxv,h ;SrKh lr we;' tA i|yd 1980'08'05 Èk lD;HdëldÍ iNdj iu.;a" 1980'08'06 fjk Èk uOH úOdhl iNdj iu.;a" 1980'08'06 fjks Èk uOH úOdhl iNdj iu.;a$ foÈku fm(j(9'00 g $ Tn ix.ï uQ,ia:dkfha§ idlÉPd lsÍug lghq;= iQÞkï lrk f,i b,a,d isáñ' idlÉPdjg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK fjkqfjka frdayK úfÊùr" ,hk,a fndamf.a" jdia ;s,lr;ak" uyskao m;srK iy Wm;siai .ukdhl hk ifydaorjreka iyNd.S jkq we;' fuhg" ifydaor;ajfhka" w;aika lf<a$Wm;siai .ukdhl' m%Odk f,alï fjkqjg' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK' ,xld .=re ix.uh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa lksIaG ixúOdkhla jYfhka i,ld ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNdj yd uOH úOdhl iNdj le|ùug ksfhda. lsÍfuka fmkakqï lrkafka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,k uxv,fha ±kqu ms<sn| m%udKhhs' tfy;a .ukdhl úiska tjk ,o ,smshg lD;HdêldÍ iNdj fjkqfjka ,xld .=re ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï úiska ms<s;=rla wf.daia;= 2 fjks osk Wfoa hjk ,È' wf.daia;= 02' Wm;siai .ukdhl fj; hjk ,o ,smsh ( Wm;siai .ukdhl ifydaorhd" je'n'm%Odk f,alï" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK' ifydaorh" Tnf.a 1980'08'01 Èk ,smsh yd nef|a'

52

01' 1980'07'31 Þ;ñka hq;a —iuia: uyd jev j¾ckh yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK˜ ,smsh yd wÞ< lreK idlÉPd lsÍug ^80'08'05 Èk fm(j(9'00 g& iQÞkï nj okajñ'

02' tfy;a wmf.a ,smsfha i|yka lreKq .ek ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,k uxv,fha ms<s;=re Bg fmr ,eìh hq;= nj lreKdfjka i,lkak'

03' uOH úOdhl iNdjg Tn foaYmd,k uxv,fha b,a,Sï bÈßm;a lr" tys ;SrKh wkqj idlÉPdjg Èkhla fhdackd lr tùug mshjr .ksñ' fï ms<sn|j ms<s;=rla wou ,efnkakg i,iajkafka kï uekú'

ia;+;shs" fuhg" ifydaor;ajfhka" w$lf<a$Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd m%Odk f,alï'

by; ,smshg mss<s;=rla tÈku iji tjk ,o w;r" 1980'08'31 Þ;ñka tjk ,o ,smshg ms<s;=re tjk njg tu ,smsh u.ska .ukdhl fmdfrdkaÿ ù ;sìK'

tu ,smsh ( -

1980 wf.daia;= 2

ifydaorh"

Tn yÈisfha b,a,d tjQ mßÈ 1980 cQ,s 31 Èk Tn lD;HdêldÍ iNdj úiska wm fj; tjQ ,smshg wm foaYmd,k uxv,fha ms<s;=re wou iemhSug fkdyelsh'

5 fjks Èkg fhdÞ we;s idlÉPdjg m%:ufhka lD;HdêldÍ iNdjg foaYmd,k uxv,fha ms<s;=r tùug woyia lruq'

w'lf<a$.fï

80$08$02

tÈk ^wf.daia;= 2& rd;%S 11 g muK tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a mdkÿr ksjig meñKs ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%Odk f,alï ohd jkakswdrÉÑ" ,hk,a fndamf.a" c'ú'fm' l`M;r Èid f,alï ksu,a iy c'ú'fm mQ¾K ld,sl pkaøfiak .=K;s,l hk wh w;=ßka ohd jkakswdrÉÑ" tÉ'tka' ifydaorhdg ;¾ckh fldg tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd jeks mlaIfha j.lSula orK wfhla fujeks m%ldYhlg w;aika lsÍu jerÈ nj lshd isáfhah' fuu m%ldYfha wvx.= jkafka lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ mdlaIsl ifydaorjrekaf.a iduQysl woyila neúka" tA ms<sn| ;j ÿrg;a idlÉPd lsÍug wjYH kï miqÈk Ñ;%d,a ifydaorhd iu. meñKsh yels nj;a okajk ,È'

53

wf.daia;= 03'

wf.daia;= 03 Þ Wfoa Ñ;%d,a iy tÉ'tka' ifydaorjreka ix.ï ld¾hd,fha§ Wm;siai .ukdhl iu. idlÉPd lrk ,È' tys§ Tyq ,smshg ms<s;=re tùug;a bÈßhg lsis wjq,la fkdlrk njg;a fmdfrdkaÿ úh' bka wk;=rej ohd jkakswdrÉÑ yuqjQ Ñ;%d,a iy tÉ'tka' ifydaorjre ,smsfha wvx.= lreKq ms<sn|j yd jev j¾ckh ms<sn|j;a §¾>j lreKq idlÉPd lrk ,È'

fuu idlÉPdfõ§ mlaIfha wh úiska jerÈ lr we;s nj;a" tu jerÈ mlaIfha jerÈ jYfhka fkdi,lk f,ig;a b,a,d isá w;r" jro lr we;s wh ks,j,ska mjd whska lsÍug ;ud fkdmiqng jk nj;a" lshd isák ,È' Tyqo bÈßhg lsisu wjq,la we;s fkdlrk njg fmdfrdkaÿ úh'

wf.daia;= 4 - lD;HdêldÍ iNdj kej; /iafõ'

wf.daia;= 4 jk Èk ijia jk ;=reu fmdfrdkaÿ jQ mßÈ 1980'08'31 Þ;ñka hjk ,o ,smshg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKka ms<s;=rla ,eî fkd;sìK' tA jk úg lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ lSm fofkl= yuqù ;snQ c'ú'fm' kdhlhska lD;HdêldÍ iNslhska úiska hjk ,o ,smsfha wvx.= lreKq ms<sn|j jerÈ iy.; Ñ;%hla ujd fmkajñka" j¾ckh lrñka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa u;hg tlÕ lrjd .ekSug W;aidy lr ;snqKs' tfukau rg mqrd úúO ia:dk j,ska WÞyrK jYfhka ^l=reKE.," ud;r" .d,a," l`M;r& ,enqKq wdrxÑ wkqj ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍkaf.a /iaùï mj;ajñka ÿïßh wr.,h ms<sn|j m%pdrhla yd fm!oa.,sl myr t,a, lrñka lghq;= lr ;sìK' úfYaIfhka frdayK úfÊùr" uyskao m;srK wd§ c'ú'fm' kdhlhska úiska oafõY iy.;j f.k hkq ,nk m%ydr ms<sn|j ix.uhg È.ska È.gu jd¾;d ,efnñka ;sìk' óg fmr isÿlrk ,o idlÉPd ms<sn|j úlD;s lrk ,o m%pdrhla lr ;sìK' fuu lreKq .ek §¾>j idlÉPd l< lD;HdêldÍ iNslhska ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg hejQ ,smshg ms<s;=rla fkdue;sj idlÉPdjg fkdhd hq;= hehs tAlu;slj ;SrKh lrk ,È'

fuu idlÉPdj meje;afjk w;r;=r§ miqÈkg tkï wf.da( 5 g kshñ; idlÉPdjg .=re ix.ï uQ,ia:dkh fjkqjg tÉ'tka' ifydaorhdf.a fudrgqj ksjfia§ meje;aùug ;SrKh l< nj okajñka mlaIfhka ,smshla ,eìKs'

tu ,smsh ( -

1980 wf.daia;= 4

tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ" Ñ;%d,a we;=M lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ ifydaorjreka fj;'

ifydaorjreks"

fyg tkï" wf.da( 5 fjksÞ Wfoa 9'00 g Tn iu. fhdÞ .kq ,enQ idlÉPdj ,xld .=re ix.ï uQ,ia:dkfha mj;ajkjd fjkqjg tu fõ,djgu tÈku tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a ksjfia§ meje;aùug lghq;= lrkak'

fuhg"

54

ifydaor;ajfhka"

w$lf<a$Wm;siai .ukdhl'

idlÉPdjg meñŒug kï Bg m%:u 80'08'31 Þ;ñka hq;a ,smshg ms<s;=re ,eìh hq;= nj olajd ,smshla hjk ,È'

tu ,smsh (

1980'08'04

Wm;siai .ukdhl ifydaorhd"

ifydaorh"

1980'08'05 jk Èk idlÉPdjg fmr 80'07'31 jk Èk ,smsfha i|yka lreKq ms<sn|j ms<s;=rla wjYH nj lreKdfjka i,lkak' ms<s;=rla ,enqk miq idlÉPdjg iQÞkï nj okajñ'

ia;+;shs"

ifydaor;ajfhka"

w$lf<a$Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd'

lD;HdêldÍ iNslhska fjkqfjka'

tu ,smsh tÈku ld¾hd,hg f.khEug mS'mS' fmf¾rd úiska ndrf.k th mlaI ld¾hd,hg f.k f.dia ndrfok ,È'

wf.daia;= 05

wf.daia;= 05 jk Èk Wfoa ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,k uxv,h fjkqfjka Wm;siai .ukdhl úiska w;aika ;nk ,o cQ,s 31 ,smshg ms<s;=re jYfhka tjk ,o ,smsh'

1980'08'05 14" fla'isß,a iS fmf¾rd udj;" fld<U 13'

lD;HdêldÍ iNdj" ,xld .=re ix.uh' ifydaorjreKs" Tn úiska cQ,s 31 fjks Èk tjkakg fhÿk ufkdauQ,sl jQ;a" idjoH jQ;a" úlD;s lrk ,oaÞ jQ;a" lreKq iy ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg;a" iudcjd§ lïlre ix.uhg;a tfrysj wj,do yd

55

wNsfhda. wvx.= lr tjd we;s iy ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg kdhl;ajh §fï j.lSu ish;g .ksñka úlD;s ukilska lr we;s fhdackd;a wvx.= ,shú,a, ms<sn| i;H ;;ajh meyeÈ<s lr§u i|yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,k uxv,h úiska óg l,ska Tfnka b,a,d we;s mßÈ" jydu lD;HdêldÍ iNdj yd uOH úOdhl iNdj le|jk f,i b,a,ñ' fuh Tfí ,smshg wfma ms<s;=rhs' foaYmd,k uxv,h iu. uqK.eiS idlÉPd lsÍug Tfí m%YaK j,g ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSug Tn fu;rï ìh wehso hkak úYAuhg lreKla ù ;sfí' Tn ksjerÈ kï Tn idlÉPdjg ìh jkafka wehs±hs fkdf;af¾' l,ska ±kqï § we;s mßÈ tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdf.a fudrgqfõ ksjfia§ wo Èk Wfoa 9'00 g foaYmd,k uxv,fha iNslhska idlÉPdjg n,d isà' fuhg" ifydaor;ajfhka" w;aika lf<a$Wm;siai .ukdhl" foaYmd,k uxv,h fjkqfjka' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK' ,xld .=re ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ mdlaIslhska 11 fokd úiska w;aika ;nd hjk ,o ,smshg tjk ,o by; ,smsh úma,jjd§ hehs lshd.kakd mlaIhl foaYmd,k uxv,hl ms<s;=rla o hkak i,ld ne,Su Tng ndr lruq' Okm;s hQ'weka'mS' wdKAvqjg tfrysj mek ke.=Kq úYd,u wr.,h ms<sn|j §¾>j lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka hjk ,o ,smsh Tjqka úiska y÷kajd we;af;a úlD;s ukilska hq;=j ,shk ,oaola f,igh' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska jev j¾ckh lvdlmam,a lsÍu iïnkaOfhka bÈßm;a lrk ,o i;H lreKq 13 ms<sn|j ms<s;=rla §ug fkdyelsj tu lreKq —ufkda uQ,sl˜ —idjoH˜ yd —wj,do˜ njg neyer lsÍug ;rï my;a ;;ajhlg m;aùfuka úma,jjd§ mlaIhl foaYmd,k uxv,fha ;;ajh ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s jkafka l=ulao @ by; ,smsh ms<sn|j idlÉPd l< lD;HdêldÍ iNslhska tlS ,smsh;a" tlS ,smsfhka lr ;snQ wdrdOkdj;a uqMukskau m%;slafIAm lsÍug ;SrKh lrk ,È' thska wk;=rej lD;HdêldÍ iNdj jev j¾ckhg tfrysj ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa fødayslï fy,sorõ lsÍug" 1980'07'31 uOH úOdhl iNdfõ ;SrK wkqj mshjr .ekSug ;SrKh lrk ,È' m%sh ifydaorh$ifydaoßh" fuu jev j¾ckfha fujka wdldrhlg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK l%shd lf,a wehso @ fuh wyUq isÿùulao @ hkak wm ieu bÈßfha we;s m%YaKhhs' 1' hQ' weka'mS' wdKAvqj iu. .eàu fkdl< hq;=h hk ir, m%;sm;a;sh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%;sm;a;sh nj m%dfhda.sj fy,sorõ jQfha lgqneoao YsIH j¾ckh ;=,skah' fuhska wk;=rej cQks 5 úfrdaO;d jHdmdrfha§ mslÜ lsÍu" lvd lmam,a lr ±óug iEu mshjrlau .kakd ,È'

56

,xld .=re ix.uh cQks 5 mslÜ lsÍu id¾:l lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa fodaIdfrdamKhgo ,laúh' fidaumd, ifydaorhdf.a urKfhka wk;=rej isÿùïo Tjqkaf.a oEia werùug iu;a fkdjQfha fï ir, m%;sm;a;sfha ±äj t,anf.k isá ksidh' cQks 5 mslÜ lsÍug úreoaO;ajh m,l< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ish iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ï yd m%isoaO /iaùï j,§ lshd isáfha w;yer ±uQ iema( 28 j¾ckh le|jk f,ig jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdldÍ lñgqjg n,lrk f,ih' tys§ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%;sm;a;sh mslÜ lsÍu fkdj uyd jev j¾ckh le|ùfï Woaf>daIKh nj m%ldYhg m;alrk ,È' fuu Woaf>daIKh Tjqka úiska f.k hk ,oafoa wjxlj fkdj" uyd jev j¾ckhla le|ùug jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ kdhlhska lsis Èkl bÈßm;a fkdjkq we;ehs hk úYajdih u;h' 2' nexl= fiajl igfka§ l%shdldÍj mslÜ lsÍï j,g iyNd.S jQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK tu Wfoaf>daIK j,ska ;ukag fkdj jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqjg iïudk ysñùu .ek lkiai,a,g m;aj isák njla fmkajd ;ukaf.a iyNd.S;ajh ksid id¾:lj mslÜ flrefka hehs ;u idudðl;ajhg yd ys;j;=kag tA;a;= .kajd" hQ'weka'mS'hg tfrysj f.khkq ,nk l%shdud¾. úkdY lsÍfï ienE wruqK uqÿka muqKqjd .ekSug thska wk;=rej jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj úiska .kakd ish`Mu l%shdud¾. úkdY lr ±óug mshjr .kakd ,È' jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ l%shdud¾. j,g iyNd.S ùfuka ;ukag iïudk ysñ jkafka ke; hk u;h" Y%S','ks'm" fld'm' flfrys ±ä ffjrhlska miqjk ;u flavrhg ms<s.ekaùug ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg yelsúh' 3' hQ'weka'mS' wdKavqfõ u¾okhg yd ck;djg id.skak ysñ lrùug úreoaOj kef.k ck;d n,fõ.hka ;u wjia:djd§ foaYmd,kfha ch.%yKh i|yd b;d ishqï f,i" l+G f,i yrjd .ekSug Y%S','ks'm" ,'i'i'm" fld'm' úiska olaI wkaoñka lghq;= lrhs' hQ'weka'mS'hg úreoaOj kef.k ck;d fldamh yuqfõ mek k.sk wr.,hkag l%shd;aulj iyNd.S fkdù mlaIh f.dv ke.Su tlu ld¾hNdrh hehs lshd .ksñka foaYk yd mx;s u.ska u;jdoh f.dv k.kafka hehs o" th mx;s igklehso c'ú'fm' úiska y÷kajhs' lïlre mx;sfha iajhxisoaO wr., mjd l=uka;%K f,ig y÷kajñka igfka kdhl;ajh we;af;a wjia:dj§kag hehs mjiñka igk úkdY lsÍug mshjr .ekSu ;=,ska fudjqka ±kqj;aju lïlre mx;sfha igka úkdY lsÍug mshjr f.k we;' fuhska idudkH mdlaIslhska fkd±kqj;ajuo" kdhlhska ±kqj;aju fiajh lr we;af;a hQ'weka'mS' hgh' 4' ix.ufha ;Skaÿj wkqj jev j¾ckh id¾:l lsÍug ,xld .=re ix.ufha ish`Mu l%shdldÍka mshjr .ksoa§ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ish flavrh u.ska jev j¾ckh úkdY lsÍu msKsi f.k hk ,o jev ms<sfj, yqfola jev j¾ckh úkdY lsÍu i|ydu t,a, jQjlao hk m%YaKh u;=ù we;' cQ,s 7 Þ wdrïN jQ ÿïßh jev j¾ckfha isg jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ jev j¾ck ;Skaÿj .;a cQ,s 11 fjks Èk olajd" jev j¾ck ;Skaÿ .kakd f,ig yd ÿïßh igk mdjd fkdfok f,ig n,lrñka Woaf>daIK lrk ,È' l%shdldÍ lñgqj jev j¾ck ;Skaÿ .ekSfuka wk;=rej cQ,s 12 jk Èk ,xld .=re ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNdj yd cQ,s 15 fjks osk uOH úOdhl iNdfõ jev j¾ck ;Skaÿj wkqj tÈk tu ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;alsÍfï uyd /,sh olajd igk ;ks fkdlrk njg m%;s× fok ,È' cQ,s 16 jeks Èk r;au,dfka§ meje;ajQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK /iaùfï§ tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhd u.ska ,xld .=re ix.ufha igka ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;alrjk ,È' fufia lghq;=

57

l< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK t;eka isg cQ,s 20 olajd ksy~j isg" cQ,s 21 isg jev j¾ckh úkdY lsÍug mshjr .ekSfuka meyeÈ,s jkafka l=ulao hkak ms<sn|j m%Yakhla fkdue;' fuysoS ,xld .=re ix.ufha jev j¾ck ;Skaÿj fyda th l%shd;aul l<hq;= wdldrh ms<sn|j fyda mlaIfha ia:djrh ish flavrhg cQ,s 20 olajd meyeÈ<s lsÍfuka je,lS isáfha wehs hk m%Yakho fuys§ u;=fõ' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK hQ'weka'mS'hg úreoaOj wr., lsÍfuka je,lS isàfï ish ienE m%;sm;a;sh ;u wkq.dñlhska flfrka jika lrf.k isàu msKsi lv;=rdjla f,i mdúÉÑ lrkafka fuf;la iEu wr.,hl§u w;a±l we;s Y%S','ks'm" ,'i'i'm" fld'm' we;=M wjia:djd§kaf.a mdjd§fï l%shdÞuhhs' ffokslj mek k.sk ish`Mu wr.,hka ys§ tAjd idOdrK nj;a" wr., l<hq;= nj;a lshñka tu wr., j,g fldkafoais úrys;j iyfhda.h m<lrkjd hehs tla w;lska m%ldY lrk ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK" wfkla w;ska ;u ys;j;=kag yd mdlaIslhskag fufia wr.,hkag ueÈy;aùu iudc úma,jh wdmiaig yerùula nj;a" mSä; ck;djf.a iÞ;ksl wr.,h fudg lsÍula nj;a" tu wr.,h cks; lrjk ,oafoa hQ'weka'mS' wdKAvqj ,jd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍka u¾okh lsÍug l=uka;%Kh lrk m%;s.dó Y%S','ks'm" ,'i'i'm" fld'm' hkd§ il,úO fødaySka úiska nj;a lshñka wr.,hg úreoaOlï lrhs' m%;s.dó l=uka;%K f,i y÷kajd ffoksl wr., j,ska wE;aj isàu miqmi .eíj ;snqfka hQ'weka'mS'h fldkafoais úrys;j wdrlaId lsÍfï .súiqu fkdfõhehs Tjqkag lsj yelso @ cQks 05 úfrdaO;d jHdmdrh fl,skau yjq,a wdKavqjla i|yd fm, .eiaula nj olajñka th uq, isgu m%;slafIAm l< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqkg cQks 05 wdikak jk úg tu m%;slafIam lrk ;;ajh ;=, isàug .;a ;SrKh fjkia lsÍug isÿúh' cQks 05 ka" ck;djf.a idOdrK ffjrh Okm;s wdKavqj fj; t,a, jk úg úfrdaO;djh b;d by,skau ±lajQfha Tjqka hehs m%ldY lrñka ck;dj uq,d lsÍug uykais .;af;a Okm;s wdKAvqjg tfrysj l%shdjlg iyNd.S fkdjkak;a ck;dj úiska úislr ouk nj tA jk úg w;a±l ;snqK fyhsks' tfy;a cQ,s 07 jk Þ ÿïßh wr.,h mek ke.=Kq úg kej; jrla iqmqreÿ mßÈ hQ'weka'mS' wdKavqj wdrlaId lsÍug bÈßm;a jQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK th m%;s.dókaf.a l=uka;%Khla f,i ye¢kaùh' tA iu.u tu igk Tjqka úiska wê ;lafiare flfrk fÊ'wd¾'f.a —uyd˜ wfhdauh n,h úiska l=vq mÜgï fldg oukq we;ehso" wjia:djd§ kdhlhska úiska igk mdjd fokq we;ehso hkqfjka ks.ukh lrñka l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ kdhlhskag igk ;ks fkdlrk f,i n,lrñka Woaf>daIK jHdmdrhla f.k hk ,È' tfukau igk mgka.ekSfï§ ;u mdlaIslhska yd ys;j;=ka ùÈ niaijk nj;a" igkg iïmQ¾Kfhka iyh fok nj;a" È.ska È.gu m%ldY l<y' miqj wr., weú,S hk úg mx;s yeÕSfuka mkakrh ,enQ igkaldóka kï iudcjd§ lïlre ix.ï idudðlhska hehso" igka ìfï isákafka Tjqka hehso y~ k.ñka wjia:djd§ l%shdldÍ lñgq kdhlhska igkska m,d f.dia we;ehs fpdaokd ke.+y' tla jrla ;u mqj;a m;a j,ska lïlre mx;sh igkg iQÞkïj isá;ehso" tfy;a wjia:djd§ka miai .ik njo f,dl= wl=ßka m<lr" uila .;ùug;a u;af;ka msgjk B,Õ mqj;a mf;ka m%ldY jkafka thg iïmQ¾Kfhka mriamr úfrdaë m%ldYhls' tkï" —mx;sh˜ igkg iQÞkï

58

ke;s wjêhl l=uka;%KldÍ f,i kdhlhska úiska igkg le|jd we;s njo" tA u.ska igkaldó lñlrejka m%;s.dó Okm;s wdKAvqfõ reÿre u¾okhg f.dÿre lrùug Tjqka ±kqj;aj ie,iqï ilia lr we;s njo tys lshefõ' tfy;a ÿïßh igk werô ú.iu —ÿïßh igk yqol,d fkdlrkqZZ wjia:djd§ kdhlhsks ;Skaÿ .kq æ˜ hkqfjka Tjqka úiskau uyd igkla le|ùu wkqu; lr we;s nj Tjqyq fuys§ wu;l lr;s' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska m,l< iEu m%ldYhlu iEu ,smshlu mjd Tjqkaf.a fï mriamr úfrdaë m%;sm;a;sh olakg fkd,efí ±hs tAjd kej; jrla úuis,af,ka lshjd mÍlaId lr n,k f,ig úfYaIfhka —mlaIh˜ ms<sn|j wjxl Nla;sfhka l:d lrk ifydaorjrekaf.ka wms b,a,d isáuq' 1977 § kS;Hdkql+, jQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;du;a by,ska my,g muKla woyia tjk ixúOdkhls' tA ;=, lsisu m%cd;ka;%jdohla ke;' lsisu ixúOdkhla ke;' we;af;a wkaO weoys,a,la muKs' ,xld .=re ix.uh ;=, fyda msg; ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa foaYmd,kh ksjerÈh hk yeÕSfuka bÈßhg tk ifydaorjrekag wm j.lSfuka hq;=j m%ldY lrkafka Tn f.dv k.kq ,nkafka úma,jjd§ mlaIhla fkdjk njh' ÿïßh wr.,h iïnkaOfhka fukau fï rfÜ mej;s wksl=;a ffoksl lïlre mx;s wr., j,§ o" lïlre mx;shg iïmQ¾Kfhkau fødayS jQ l%shdud¾.hla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska wkq.ukh lrk ,oafoa wyïfnka fkdfõ' Bg m%Odk fya;=j f,i wm olskafka —foaYmd,k uxv,fha woyia f,i y÷kajd .ksñka iïmQ¾Kfhkau ;u ;ks u;hg l%shd lrk frdayK úfÊùr úiska lïlre mx;s igka ms<sn|j lsis÷ w;a±lSula ke;s wkaO wkq.dñlhska msßilf.ka ieÿï ,;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa uOH lñgqj yryd l%shd;aul lrk njg yqjd olajk j¾:udk foaYmd,khhs' fï ksid w;=re ue;sjrK jHdmdr" úuqla;s .S" foaYmd,k wOHdmk l|jqre" leg jHdmdr yd m%isoaO /iaùï muKla mx;s igka f,i ie,lSugj;a" lïlre mx;sfha ffoksl wr., wj×fjka i,ld tAjdg miai yerùug;a ;rï c'ú'fm' mQ¾Kld,slfhda uq,dù isá;s' igka ìfï isákakkag myr foñka" mqoa.,slj uv .iñka tfy;a 83 ue;sjrKfha§ n,hg tkafka úma,jjd§ wdKAvqjla hehs Woï wekSug ;rï c'ú'fm' wkq.dñlhska msßyS we;' ,xld .=re ix.uh 1980 cQ,s 17 isg fï uyd jev j¾ckhg tlajQfha tu igfka wvqmdvqlï fkd±l fkdfõ' l=uk wvqmdvqlï ;snqko Okm;s hQ'weka'mS' wdKavqjg úreoaOj ÿïßh lïlrejka werUQ igk wdrlaId l< hq;=h hk mrud¾:fhka ,xld .=re ix.uh igka ;Skaÿ .kakd ,È'

wmf.a fï l%shdud¾.h ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg úreoaO l%shdud¾.hla ùu ms<sn|j mqÿu fkdfjuq' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK fï uyd jev j¾ckfha§ l%shd lrf.k .sh wdldrh uq ukskau jerÈ nj;a" th fjkia l< hq;= wdldrh .ek;a" i|yka ,sÅ; m%ldYhla wm ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNdfõ mdlaIslhska úiska mlaIhg Ndrfok ,È' tA wkaoug mlaIfha jerÈ bÈßm;a lsÍu c'ú'fm' kdhlhska ÿgqfõ Tjqkaf.a n,;, ish;g .ekSug ,xld .=re ix.ufha mdlaIslhska

59

±rE m%h;akhla yeáhgh' c'ú'fm' kdhlhd my< idudðlhskaf.a woyia j,g fldhs ;rï weyqï lka fokafkao hkako fï ldrKfhka ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ<s fõ' wmg wjYH jkafka iudcjd§ iudchla f.dv ke.Sugh' ,xld .=re ix.uh fï mrud¾: i|yd lemjQ ixúOdkhhs' tA ksidu fï rfÜ iudcjdoh f.dv ke.Sfuys,d ndOl jkakdjQ ´kEu ldrKdjla .ek Tn bÈßfha újD;ju lshd mEu wmf.a m%;sm;a;shhs' th wfma hq;=luo jkafkah' hf:dala; ldrKd fufia fláfhka jqjo Tn bÈßfha ;nkafka tA fyhsks'

tÉ'tka'm%kdkaÿ Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd iNdm;s m%Odk f,alï ,xld .=re ix.uh - ^,s'm'w'984& wxl 72" uef,a ùÈh" fld<U - 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fï m%ldYkhg wvx.= ish`Mu ,sms j, PdhdrEm msgm;a iys;j uqøs; fmd;a msxpla jYfhka fuh m,lsÍug woyia lrk neúka" tA ms<sn|j Tnf.a woyia Èhyels wfkl=;a wdOdrhla fõ kï tAjd wm fj; fhduq lrkak'

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,xld .=re ix.uh 1980 Tlaf;dïn¾ 03 Þ;ñka ish¨ j¾clhska fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o ksfõokh' fuu ksfõokh j¾ckfha meje;s ;;ajh fukau wr.,h bÈßhg f.k hEu i|yd ,xld .=re ix.ufha ia:djrh yd l%shd ud¾. ms<sn| jgyd .ekSug Woõ jkq we;' ish`Mu jev j¾clhska fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk ksfõokhhs ,xld .=re ix.uh m%sh ifydaorh $ ifydaoßh" iuia; uyd jev j¾ckhg udi 02 la blaujd we;s w;r" fï f.ù hkafka Bg iyNd.S jQ nyq;rhla mä rys;j f.jk f;jk udihhs' cQ,s 07 Þ mek ke.=Kq ÿïßh j¾ckfhka wdrïNj jHdma;jQ uyd jev j¾ckh id¾:lj bÈßhg hdu isÿ fkdjQfha rcfha u¾okh wNsnjñka bÈßhg meñ‚ jev j¾ckh mqM,a lsÍug jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj mshjr fkd.ekSu;a" jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ ;ju;a idudðl;ajh orK nd,d ;ïfmdaf.a ,xld fj<| fiajl ix.uh yd nexl= fiajl ix.uh úiska igkg újD;ju fydßlvlï lsÍu;a ksidh'

60

hQ'tka'mS' h igk u¾okh lsÍu i|yd yÈis kS;sh u.ska u¾ok ksfhda. l%shdjg kxjd igk mqM,aùu j<lajk ,È' tfukau Y%S','ks'm' - ,x'i'i'm' - fld'm jeks wjia:djd§ka fï uyd igk bÈßhg f.khEug iyh §u fjkqjg ;u mgq foaYmd,k jdis ;ld igk mdjd§ug lghq;= lrk ,È' cQ,s 05 úfrdaO;d Èkfha§ fukau fuu igk lvdlmam,a lr ±óug yd úkdY lr ±óug l%shdl< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wo;a igfka isák ixúOdk úkdY lr ±óug mshjr .ksñka fødays ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lrñka isà' kS;s úfrdaë f,i f,dljqÜ lr isák ish`Mu j¾clhska fiajhg le|ùu i|yd Woaf>daIK jHdmdrhka Èh;aù we;' j¾ckhg ck;d iydh ,nd .ekSu tu jHdmdrfha m%Odk wruqKhs' hQ'tka'mS' wdKAvqfõ u¾okhg;a ck;djg id.skak ysñlrjd ;sîug;a tfrysj kef.k ck;d fldamh yd ffjrh jevj¾ckhg olajk iyfhda.h njg fmr,Su i|yd fufia Woaf>daIKhla w;HdjYHj we;' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK jev j¾ckh úkdY lr ±óug l<yels iEu fohlau lsÍfuka wk;=rej ix.uh úiska Tjqka fy<sorõ lsÍug .kakd ,o mshjrhka ksid jev j¾ckhg iyh ±laùug hhs lshñka jev j¾ckh úfrdaë yd ,xld .=re ix.ï úfrdaë jHdmdrhlao" Bg wu;rj YdÍßl ydks meñKùugo mshjr f.k we;' m%dfoaYslj ix.ï fNaofhka f;drj jev j¾clhska úiska f.dvk.d f.k we;s j¾ck iyfhda.s;d lñgq j,ska wdrïN lr we;s Woaf>daIK jHdmdrhkag mqM,a ck iydh ,efnk w;r" tu lñgq j,ska ixúOdkh lrkq ,enQ m%pdrl /iaùï j,g jev j¾ckh bÈßhg hEu je<elajQ ixúOdk yd mlaI j,g jqjo wo iyNd.S ùug yelsù we;af;a tu ixúOdk yd mlaI fudkhï uÜgulska fyda j¾ckfha isák ksidh' úfYaIfhka Y%S','ks'm' - ,'i'i'm' - fld'm jeks mlaI yd Tjqkag wkqnoaO ixúOdk fuu lñgq ;=,ska ish wjia:djd§ foaYmd,khg ck;dj .eg .eiSug Wmßu W;aidyhl fhfoñka isà' fuu lñgq /iaùï j,§ tA tA ixúOdk j, u;hka ch.%yKh lrùu i|yd lghq;= lrkq ,nk w;r" ;ks u;hla bÈßm;a jkafka ke;' ,xld .=re ix.uhg tfrysj" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska f.khkq ,nk fødayS m%pdrhka j,g tfrysj fukau" Y%S','ks'm' - ,'i'i'm' - fld'm' we;=M wjia:djd§ mlaI j, fødayS ms<sfj;a iy jD;a;Sh iñ;s tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqfõ mdjd§ïo fy<sorõ lsÍu;a tlfia iudka;rj l< yels uOHia:dkhla jYfhka iuyr jev j¾ck iyfhda.s;d lñgq f.dvke.S we;' tu lñgq j, m%pdrl /<s j,§ by; mrud¾: imqrd .ksñka ix.ufha m%;sm;a;s ksrjq,aj bÈßm;a lsÍug yelshdj ,eî we;' fuu uyd iuia: jev j¾ckfha§ ,xld .=re ix.ufha ld¾h Ndrh ck;dj bÈßfha meyeÈ,s lsÍug we;s udOHhkaf.ka tlla jk fuu m%pdrl /<s j,ska hï m%udKhlg Y%S','ks'm" ,'i'i'm" fld'm' wjia:djd§ka Tjqkaf.a u;jdoh bÈßm;a lsÍfï jdis ,nd .kafka kï tho ke;s lsÍug yels tlu udOHh ,xld .=re ix.ufha u;h ksrjq,aj bÈßm;a lsÍu jk neúks' fuu ;;ajhka muKla fkdj iuyr m%foaY j, jev j¾clhskag hï m%udKhl fyda iyk ie,iSugo yelsù we;af;ao fuu lñgq ;=,sks'

61

úfYaIfhka ix.uh ;=, l%shd;aul jQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍka j¾clhskag iyk jYfhka tl;=lr we;s uqo,a c'ú'fm' kdhlhskaf.a m¾fcda 504 ld¾ j,g bkaOk iemhSug fhdÞ .ekSug ;rï kSp ;;ajhlg m;aù we;s njo lsj hq;=h' fuf;la Tn m%foaYfha jev j¾ck iyfhda.s;d lñgq f.dvke.S fkdue;s kï tu lñgq f.dv ke.Sug l%shdldÍj mshjr .kak' ±kg f.dvke.S we;s jev j¾ck iyfhda.s;d lñgq j,g tlaù l%shd;aul jkak' fldkafoais j,g hg;a fldg ish`Mu jev j¾clhska fiajhg le|ùug rch ;SrKh lr we;' tfy;a fuu ;SrKh l%shdjg kexùu ms<sn|j wOHdmk wud;HxYh fuf;la lsis÷ l%shdud¾.hla f.k fkdue;' iyk fmda¾uh ms<sn|j ix.uh wdrïNfha§u .;a ;SrKh tkï" tu fmda¾uh fkdÈh hq;=h hkak ;ju;a woyia lr isák w;r" rch úiska fiajhg n|jd .ekSu ms<sn|j .kakd l%shdmdámdáh wkqj Tn úiska .;hq;= mshjr laI‚lju okajd tùug mshjr .kq ,efí' fldkafoais j,ska f;drj" b,a,Sï ch.%yKh lrñka kej; fiajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd wLKAvj wr., lsÍu ix.ufha tlu m%;sm;a;sh jk w;r" tA i|yd ish Wmßu Yla;sh fhdÞ we;s nj wjOdrKh lr isà' wm ix.ufha ;SrK yd jevms<sj, boßhg f.khEu i`oyd Tnf.a fkduiqre iydh ,nd fokak' fuu ,smsh ,eî fkdue;s ±kg jev j¾ckh lr we;s ish`Mu .=rejrekaf.a kdu f,aLkhla tùug mshjr .kak' ish`Mu jev j¾clhska fldkafoais úrys;j fiajfha msysgqjkq æ ,xld .=re ix.uh Èfkajd æ fuhg - ifydaor;ajfhka" tÉ'tka'm%kdkaÿ' Ñ;%d,a o fmf¾rd iNdm;s m%Odk f,alï 1980 Tlaf;dïn¾ ui 03 Èk ( ÿrl:kh 35077' fld<U - 02" uef,a ùÈfha" wxl - 72" ^Wvq uy,& orK ia:dkfha§h' wd¾$00 Tn;a" š ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- wou š c'ú'fm' fødayslï ms<sn|j ish`M ,sms f,aLk we;=<;a m%ldYkh' ls š msgm;l ñ< re' 2'00 hs h š ;e'.d' Y;' }$35 hs'

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1980 uyd jev j¾ckh u¾okh lsßug yÈis wjia:dj m%ldYhg m;a l< 1980 cq,s 16 wxl 97$6 .eiÜ m;%h'

64

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tÈku 1980 uyd jev j¾ckh u¾okh lsßug yÈis wjia:d ksfhda. mekjQ 1980 cq,s 16 wxl 97$7 .eiÜ m;%h'

66

j¾ckh l< jD;a;sh iñ;s j, nexl= .sKqï ;ykï lsrSug 1980 cq,s 20 ksl=;a l< wxl 98$2 .eiÜ m;%h'

67

yÈis kS;shg hg fkdjk f,ig b,a,ñka miqÈk ^1980 cq,s 17& m,l< we;a;

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jev j¾ckh ms<sn| ÈkñK m;%h

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1980 cq,s 21 —we;a;˜ m;%fha uq,s msgqj Èiajq whqre' fï Èkfhka miqj jev j¾ckh wÞ, ish¨ m%jD;a;s n,Odßhd úiska lmd yßkq ,eìh' mqj; muKla fkdj j¾ckh yd ,shejqkq l;= jelsho n,Odßhd lmd yer ;sìK'

1980 wf.daia;= 08 fld<U Woaf>daIKh

70

yÈis kS;sh bj;a lrk f,ig n, lrñka" —yÈis kS;sh— W,a,x>Kh lrñka ck;dj Woaf>daIKh lsrSu

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK .ek

71

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK u;jdohg tfrys jq l%shdldÍka bj;a l< 1980 wfm%a,a ui úfYAI ksfhdað; iïfï,kh le|ùfï ,smsh'

72

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK jev j¾ckh lvdlmam,a lsßu wÞ,j 1980'08'30 Èk ksl=;a l< yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK t,a, l< m%ydrhka ms<sn| 1980 09' 01 Èk ksl=;a l< m%ldYh

73

1980 jev j¾ckh ms<sn| m%ldYh 1980' 08' 03 Èk m%ldYh'

74

ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%ydrhka ms<sn| 1980' 03' 17 Èk ksl=;a l< m%ldYh'

75

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1980 cq,s 25 wdKavqfõ u¾okh ms<sn|j ksl=;a l< m%ldYh

77

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.=re ix.uh mj;ajdf.k .sh fld<U-03" —f*ajßÜ— f.dvke.s,a,

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jevj¾ck ;Skaÿj ,sÅ;j wOHdmk wud;HxY f,alï jrhdg ±kqï §fuka miqj 1980 cq,s 28 jk Èk isg mq¾Kld,Skj

80

ksoyia lsÍï wfydais fldg h,s fiajhg le|jk ,o ,smsh'

1980 cq,s jev j¾ckfha§ fiajh wysñ l< .=rejreka h,s fiajh msysgq úug 1986 foieïn¾ ui .;a ;SrKh wkqj fld<U Èia;%slalfha .=rejre 1987 ckjdß 05 isg h<s fiajhg le|jkq ,eîh' 1980 cQ,s yÈis kS;sh hgf;a fiajh w;yer .sh wh f,ig ie,l+ .=rejre h,s fiajhg le|ùu ^fld<U Èia;%slafha .=rejre&

81

,xld .=re ix.ufha fukau fmdÿ .=re ix.ï jHdmdrfha Wka;sh i|yd lemjQ 1988 isg 1990 mej;s NSIK iufha rch yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska >d;kh lrk ,o .=re ifydaorhska'

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ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska(-

whs' ú,anÜ ^lUqremsáh&¦ fÊ' wfíkdhl ^lUqremsáh& ¦ fcd¾Ê r;akdhl ^cd;sl .=re ix.ufha iNdm;s&¦ tA' tan%yï ^fokshdh&¦ whs' tÉ' yeßika ^ud;r&¦ tï' ví' ðkÞi iy tA' wd¾' msgj, ^;Uq;af;a.u&'

2007 ,xld .=re ix.ufha mkiajk ixj;airh fjkqfjka whs' chisxy ifydaorhd bÈrm;a lrk ,o igyk'

2007 jirg ,xld .=re ix.uhg jir 50 la imsfrhs'

,xld .=re ix.uh ìysùfï uq,a îch cks; ù 2007 jirg wjqreÿ 50 la imsf¾' th l%ufhka bÈßhg wd whqre fláfhka meyeÈ,s lsÍu ,dxlSh .=re mrmqr fjkqfjka wmf.a hq;=lula f,i olsuq' tA flfia fj;;a ,xld .=re ix.ufha Wkak;shg fyda wjk;shg hï hï wjia:d j, l%shd l< whf.a kï .ï fuys we;=,;a lsÍug wm ;SrKh fkdlf<a hï fyhlska tla kula fyda w;miq jqjfyd;a Tjqkag isÿjk widOdrKhla f,i wm ie,l+ neúks'

1950 oYlfha uq,a wjêh jk úg ,dxlSh .=re mrmqf¾ ixúOdk cd;sl jYfhka msysgqjd f.k fkd;snqk;a m%dfoaYSh jYfhka .=re ix.ï rdYshla msysgqjdf.k ;snqks'

WmlD; mdGYd,d ix.ï myla tl;=fldg 1954 § ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.uh msysgqjd f.k ;snqks' ;j;a m%dfoaYSh .=re ix.ï 22 la tl;=j Y%S ,xld rcfha .=re ix.uh msysgqjd .;af;ah' miqj ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.uh iy Y%S ,xld rcfha .=re ix.uh tlaù Y%S ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.uh msysgqjd .ekSu;a iu.u cd;sl ;,fha .=re ix.ï ìysùu wdrïN úh'

82

fï wjêh jk úg .=rejre mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd .=re úÿy,a lsysmhla ;snqk w;r" uyr.u iy m,d,s j, úfYAIs; .=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd .=re úÿy,a folla msysgqjd ;snqks'

fuu úÿy,a j,g we;=,;a lr .;af;a úfYaIfhkau bx.%Siss" úoHd" .Ks; jeks úfYAI úIhka b.ekaùu i|yd mqyqKqq lrkq ,nk .=rejrekah' fï ksidu .=rejreka w;ro fldgia folla we;súh' frÈ nekshï w¢k" wvq jegqmla ,nk isxyf,ka W.kajk l;d lrk" fldgila iy hqfrdamSh we÷ï w¢k bx.%Sis W.kajk bx.%Sis NdIdj Ndú;d lrk jeä jegqmla ,nk .=rejreka jYfhks'

fuys i|yka úfYaI fldgig wh;a .=rejreka —hQkshka T*a filkaä%fÜkaâ àp¾ bka .jkaukaÜ ial+,aia ZZ kñka wxl 984 hgf;a 1957 fkdjeïn¾ 30 Èk .=re ix.uhla msysgqjd .kakd ,È' ^miqj ,xld .=re ix.uh olajd mßj¾;kh jQfha fuu ix.uh fõ'& miqj rcfha hk fldgi bj;alr 1964-07'27 fjks Èk wxl 984 hgf;a —hQkshka T*a filkaäfg%kaâ àp¾iaZZ hkqfjka ,shd mÈxÑ lrk ,È' kej; 1971'12'28 Èk by; ku fjkia lr —oaú;Shsl mqyqKq .=re ix.uh˜ hkqfjka ,shd mÈxÑ lrk ,È' thska miqj iïfï,kfha§ újD; .=re ix.uhla f,i m;alsÍug fhdackd iïu; lr 1972 cQks 22 osk —isf,daka àp¾ia hQkshka ˜kñka ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,È' tjr ,xld .=re ix.uh kñka ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍug b,a,d isáh kuq;a tA yd iu. kula ,shdmÈxÑ lr we;s nj lshd" jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiag%d¾jrhd úreoaO úh' wk;=rej È.ska È.gu lrk ,o n,mEï yuqfõ 1980'06'12 Èk ,xld .=re ix.uh kñka ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,È'

1964 muk jk úg uyr.u .=re úÿyf,ys oaú;Shsl .=re ix.uh n,j;a ù ;snqks' tys n,h w;am;a lrf.k isáfha foaYmd,k jYfhkao olaIskdxYsl woyia ork lKAvdhïh' 1966 muk ld,fha jdudxYsl woyia ork ;reK lKAvdhula fuys mqyqKqjg we;=,;a úh' tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdo fï w;r úh' 1966 ue;sjrKfhka miq .=rejreka úYd, ixLHdjla fiajfhka my lrk ,È' fï ;reK fldgia úiska" fiajfhka my l< .=rejre jydu fiajhg le|úh hq;=hhs fhdackdjla .=re ix.ï iïfï,khg f.k tAug W;aidy l<;a n,fha isá olaIskdxYsl lKAvdhu thg bv kqÿka ksid úfrdaOh mdñka tÉ'tka' we;= lKAvdhu iïfï,kfhka bj;aj .sfhdah' fuu úfrdaO;djhka iu.u .=reúoHd, ;=,;a" bka msg;;a tu olaIskdxYsl lKAvdhug úreoaOj ±ä u;jdohla biau;= flßk' 1967 jir jk úg uyr.u .=re úÿyf,a YsIH ix.ufha f,alï jQfha tÉ'tka' m%kdkaÿ ifydaorhdh' 1968 jir jk úg olaIskdxYsl lKAvdhu mrojd n,hg meñkSug ;reK fldgig mq jka úh' fuhska miq .=re ix.ufha kj kdhl;ajh Okm;s úfrdaë lrïlre igka yd tAldnoaOj l%shd lf<ah' .=rejrekaf.a whs;sjdislïo ck;djf.a whs;sjdislïo tlla f,i ie,lSu ix.ufha mrudo¾Yh úh' fï jk úg ix.ufha m%Odk b,a,Sula jQfha cd;sl wOHdmkhl wjYH;djh fmrg .ekSuh'

1969-70 ld,h jk úg Y%S ,xld" iuiudc " fldñhqksiaÜ mlaI tl;=j iu.s fmruqK f.dv kef.ñka ;snqks' tA iu.dój Bg tfrys ;reK jdudxYsl n,fõ.hla rg mqrd l%shd;aul fjñka ;snqfkah' tu n,fõ.fha n,mEu fï ld,h jk úg ,xld .=re ix.uh ;=,go ldkaÿfjñka mej;=ks' 1971" ix.uh ,xld .=re ix.uh" kñka újD; ix.uhla f,i

83

,shdmÈxÑ lsÍug fhdackd jqk kuq;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s frðiag%d¾jrhdf.a úreoaO;ajh ksid th fkdyels úh' fï ld,fha ix.ufha iNdm;s we;= lKAvdhula iu.s fmruqkg ys;jd§j lghq;= lsÍug mgka.;a neúka kej;;a ix.uh ;=, w¾nqO u;=jkakg úh' fï jljdkqfõ§ 77 le/,a,g iïnkaO nj mjiñka tÉ'tka' ysrndrhg .kakd ,È' 1972 uykqjr mj;ajk ,o jd¾Isl iïfï,kfha§ Tyq ysrndrfha isáh§u f,alï OQrhg m;alr .ekSu jeo.;a isÿùuls' 1973 § wkqrdOmqrfha mj;ajk ,o iïfï,kfha§" foaYmd,khg .e;sj l%shd l< lKAvdhu mrdchg m;aúh' 1974 § tÉ'tka' iNdm;s f,io" Ñ;%d,a f,alï f,io f;aÍ m;aúh' 1975 foieïn¾ 4 iu jegqma igk ,xld .=re ix.ufha úYd, bÈß msïula úh' thg fya;=j jQfha uq,oS jev j¾ck ;Skaÿfõ isá wfkla .=re ix.ï wjidk fudfydf;a bka bj;a ùuh' 1976 OfkaYajr úfrdaë uehs oskh" ;eme,a jev j¾ckh" úYaj úoHd, YsIH wr., wdÈfha§ ,xld .=re ix.uh il%Shj iyNd.SjQ tAjdh' fï wjia:d j,§o ix.ufha foaYmd,k u;fNAo W.% úh' úfYaIfhka Y%s ,xld ksoyia mlaIh" iuiudc mlaIh yd fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh m%uqL iNd. wdKvqjg mlaI iy úmlaI jYfhks'

fï jljdkqj jk úg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;ykï lr ;snQ w;r" ;reK ;re‚hka úYd, jYfhka w;awvx.=jg f.k isrNdrfha r|jdf.k ;snqks' fuu foaYmd,k isrlrejka ksoyia lr.ekSu i|yd jHdmdrhla f.dvkexùug ,xld .=re ix.uh uQ,sl úh' fuu jHdmdrfha uQ,ia:dkh jQfhao ,xld .=re ix.ï ld¾hd,hhs' 1977 hQ'tka'mS' h n,hg m;aùu;a iu.u ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ;yku bj;a lf<ah'

1976 foieïn¾ 31 Èk jk úg fkdúi£ ;snqk .=re m%Yak úi£ug n,lrñka wfkl=;a .=re ix.ï yd tlaj uef,a ùÈfha wOHdmk wud;HdxYh jg,k ,È' tys§ wYAjdfrdayl fmd,sia m%ydr ksid ix.ufha l%shdldÍka /ilg ;=jd, isÿúh'

1978$79 ld,h jkúg ix.ufha foaYmd,k wr.,h W.% w;g m;aúh' wkqrdOmqrh" r;akmqrh" fydaud.u" l=reKE., jeks Èia;%slal j, kdhl;ajh ix.ufha ia:djrhg mgyeksj l%shdlrkakg úh' ix.ufha ks, mqj;am; Èia;%slal j,ska m%ldYhg m;alrkakg jQ w;r" ix.ufha woyia j,g mgyeks m%ldYk ksl=;a lrkakg úh' 1977 cQ,s 1 - 2" Èk j, hdmkfha ùrisxyï Yd,dfõ mj;ajk ,o iïfï,khg bÈßm;a lrk ,o fou< NdIdj l:d lrk ck;djf.a iajhx;SrK whs;sh ms<sn| fhdackdjg úlD;s lsÍï lrk ,ÿj hdmkfha§ th iïu; lsÍug fkdyelsjQ w;r" 1978 .d,a, iïfï,kfha§ úYd, jeä Pkao ixLHdjlska th iïu; úh' fuh ,xld .=re ix.ufha wurŒh wjia:djla f,i b;sydifha igyka fjhs'

fï ish¨ ;;ajhka ie,ls,a,g .;a ,xld .=re ix.ufha úOdhl lñgqj ix.ufha ia:djrhkag úreoaOj È.ska È.gu l%shd l< idudðlhska 34 fofkl=f.a idudðl;ajh ;ykï lsÍug úfYAI iïfï,khla 1980 wfm%a,a 30 fjks Èk fld<U kjk.r Yd,dfõ§ meje;aùug lghq;= l< w;r" tu lKavdhu thg tfrysj w;=re ;ykï ksfhda.hla .ekSug Widúfha irK me;=jo th wid¾:l úh'

1979 w. Nd.h jkúg ,xldfõ jD;a;Sh iñ;s úiska —jD;a;Sh tlai;a l%shdldÍ lñgqj˜ msysgqjd ;snqk w;r" ,xld .=re ix.uho Bg we;=,;a úh' tfy;a tA ;=, we;sjQ foaYmd,k u;fNAo ksid thska wm ix.uh n,j;a lrk ,È' fï jljdkqfõ§ r;au,dk ÿïßh jevfmdf,a fiajlhka 13 lf.a jev ;ykï lsÍu iy ;j;a b,a,Sï lsysmhla uq,alrf.k we;sjQ 1980 cQ,s jev j¾ckhg ,xld .=re ix.uh iyNd.S jQfha tu lñgqfõ fkdisáh§h'

84

fuh ix.ufha ;SrKd;aul ld,hla úh' tjlg ix.ufha l%shdldÍka f,i isá c'ú'fm' wh mlaIfha ;Skaÿj mßÈ jev j¾ckhg úreoaO úh' tA ksid Tjqka ix.ufhka bj;a lsÍug ix.ufha lD;HdêldÍ iNdj ;SrKh lf<Ah'

Tjqka tu bj;a lsÍug úreoaOj" fY%aIaGdêlrKfhao" wNshdpkd wêlrKfhao kvq mejrE kuq;a tA folskau kvq .dia;= j,go hg;aj ksIAm%Nd lrk ,È' flfia fj;;a fï jljdkqj ix.uhg b;d ydksÞhl ld, iSudla úh'

1' ish¨u Èid l%shdldÍka 80 cQ,s j¾ckhg iyNd.Sùu ksid /lshd wfydaisùu ksid Èia;%slal j, jev lghq;= wvd, ùu 2' Èia;%slal j, úYd, jev fldgila l, fÊ'ù'mS' l%shdldÍka bka bj;aùu

3' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa l%shdldÍka mjrk kvq iïnkaOj lghq;= lsÍug isÿjQ ksid ix.ufha uqo,a úYd, m%udkhla jehùu ksid ix.ufha uqo,a ysÕùu' 4' ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï f,i isá Ñ;%d,a fmf¾rd ifydaorhd yÈisfha ix.ufhka b,a,d wiaùu

5' ix.ufha ,smsldßkshlj isá pkaø,;d ifydaoßh bj;a lsÍu ksid wehg jkaÈ f.ùug isÿùu

6' 71 uef,a ùÈfha ix.ï ld¾hd,fha f.j,a l=,S m%Yakhla u; tu ia:dkfhka bj;a ùug isÿùu

7' idudðl uqo,a jegqfmka whlr .ekSug fkdyels jkfia wdKAvqj pl%f,aLhla ksl=;a lsÍu

8' ix.ufha uqo,a fkdue;slu ksid ld¾hd,h mj;ajdf.k hdug ;ekla fkdue;sùu ksid n,j;a w¾nqohlg uqyqk meug isÿùu'

^fï wjia:dfõ rcfha ,smslre ix.ufha iNdm;s .=kfiak uydkdu ifydaorhd úiska wm ix.ufha nvq ndysrdÈh ;nd .ekSug iy ix.ï ld¾hd,h mj;ajdf.k hdug fkdñ,fha ia:dkhla ilialr §u iÞ wu;l l< fkdyels l%shdjls' miqld,fha§ Y%S ,xld cd;sl .=re ix.uho lrk ,o mß;Hd. fï wjia:dfõ isysm;a lsÍu wm hq;=luls'& 9' cd;sl wdrlaIl wruqo,g .=rejrekaf.ka uqo,a n,y;aldrfhka whlr .ekSug úreoaOj m%ldY ksl=;a lsÍu iy .=rejre ±kqj;a lsÍu fya;=fjka tÉ'tka' ifydaorhd w;awvx.=jg .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu ksid wdrlaIdj m;d hdmkhg hdug isÿùu'

tfukau fï ld,h ;=, rfÜ mej;=k NSIKldÍ ;;ajh ;=, idudðl ifydaorjrekaf.a meñŒu iy iyNd.S;ajho ÿ¾j, úh' flfia fj;;a lsysm fofkl=f.a fm!oa.,sl Woõ u; 1990 muk jk f;la ix.uh /l.ekSug yelsúh' 1990 oYlfha úoHdmSG j,ska msgjk

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;reK fldgia ix.uhg iïnkaO lr .ekSug yelsùu ;=, kej; l%shdldÍj bÈßhg msh ke.Sug yelsúh'

,xld .=re ix.uh ;=, w;S;fha ieuúgu u;fNao we;sjQfha foaYmd,k fya;= uq,alrf.k muKla ùu úfYaI ,laIKhls' thg fya;=j ,xld .=re ix.uh yqfola jD;a;Sh iñ;sjd§ fkdùu ksidh' bÈßhgo tA wkqj l%shdlr iudcjd§ iudchla f.dvke.Su i|yd wem lemù l%shd lruq'

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1978'01'31 wOHdmk wud;HxYh jeg,Su

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