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Journal of Indian System of Medicine Volume 2 Issue 3 January- March 2014 printed by Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & Research Centre through Registrar, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, (DU) Nagpur ([email protected])TRANSCRIPT
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Official Publication of
Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College,
Hospital & Research Centre
Salod (H), Wardha– 442 004,
Maharashtra (India)
July - September, 2014 Volume 2 Number 3 ISSN 2320 -4419
JOURNAL OF
INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINEQUARTERLY PEER REVIEWED INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA
REMODELING AYURVEDA THROUGH EVIDENCE BASED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Acorus calamusAcorus calamus
July - September, 2014 Volume 2 Number 3 ISSN 2320 -4419
REMODELING AYURVEDA THROUGH EVIDENCE BASED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
JOURNAL OF INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Official publication ofMahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & Research Centre
Constituent College Under
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU)(Declard as Deemed to be University under sec 3 of the UGC act 1956)
Salod (H), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha 442 004, Maharashtra (India)
Acorus calamusAcorus calamus
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Journal of Indian system of Medicine
©All rights are reserved
Publication date : September 22 , 2014
ISSN No. (Print) : ISSN-2320-4419
Printed at : Swami Art & Computers, Wardha
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(A Quarterly Peer Reviewed International Journal of
Research in Ayurveda) is a publication of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved
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The institute / Editorial Board assume no responsibility for the statements expressed by the contributors. The
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distinguished scholors working in various field and parts of India as adjudicators.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
JOURNAL OF INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINEQUARTERLY Peer reviewed International Journal on research in Ayurveda
PATRONS
Hon. Shri Datta Meghe
Dilip Gode
Sagar Meghe
Rajiv Borle
Ravi Meghe,
Prakash Behere
Lalit Waghmare
Vice-Chancellor DMIMS-DU
Treasurer, DMIMS
Registrar, DMIMS-DU
Personnel & Planning, DMIMS
Director, R & D, DMIMS-DU
Dean Interdiscliplinary Sciences, DMIMS-DU
Vedprakash Mishra
Sameer Meghe
S.S.Patel
Abhuday Meghe
Shyam Bhutada
Arvind Bhake
Chief Advisor, DMIMS-DU
Secretary, DMIMS
Chief Coordinator, DMIMS
O.S.D, DMIMS
Dean, MGACHRC
Chief Editor, JDMIMS
ADVISORY BOARD
Chief EditorKSR Prasad (technoayurveda)
Associate EditorsBharat Chouragade, Srihari S, Rohit Gokarn
Editorial Advisory Board
Kuldeepraj Kohli
Chandola H.M.
Ram Harsh Singh
Ramesh Babu Devalla
Nisteshwar K
Joshi V.K.
Vanita Murlikumar
Amitabh Pande
Ashutosh Kulkarni
Prasanna Rao N
Nath S.K.
Abhay Gaidhane
Zaheer Quazi
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Kayachikitsa
Panchakarma
Prasuthi & Streeroga
Shalya & Salakya
Kaumarabhrutya
Roga Nidana
Pharmacology
Madhavi Mahajan, Maharashtra
Ramalingeswar Rao S, Telangana
Kishore Kumar R, Karnataka
Srinivasulu M, Telangana
Morandi, Italy
Jaiswal SK,
Sivaramudu , Karnataka
Eswara Sarma, M.P, Kerala
Manjari Dwivedi, UP
Priyanka Gupta,
Swamy G.K., AP
Saranagpani S, AP
Varshney S.C,
Dhiman KS, Gujarat
V.L.N.Sastry, AP
Palekar PP,
Lakshmesh Upadhya K, Karnataka
Sreedhar Rao, Karnataka
Chapadgaonkar S,
Ila Tanna,
Manish Deshmukh,
Rajasekharan. S, Kerala
Maharashtra
Prakhya
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
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Basic Principles
Rasashastra & Bhaishajya
Dravyaguna & Agadtantra
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Giridhar Kanthi, Karnataka
Sudhir Kandekar,
Pradnya Dandekar,
Priti Desai,
Khedikar SG,
Sreedhar Tirunagiri, AP
Vidyanath R, AP
PHC Murthy, AP
Gopi Krishna, M., Karnataka
Bharat Rathi,
Prajapati PK, Gujarat
Venkata N Joshi, London, UK
Sastry JLN, New Delhi
Paramkusha Rao M, AP
Chandrashekhar K, UP
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Venkateshwarlu G., Karnataka
Maharashtra
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REVIEWER'S BOARD
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
JOURNAL OF INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINEOfficial publication of the
Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved college Hospital & Research Centre
A Constituent College under Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU)
III
Contents
Cover Page : Acorus calamus (Vacha)
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
Date of Publication: 22-09-2014
QR Code: Kaywa QR code
Editorial
Original Article
Future and Past of Ayurveda
109-112
Evaluation Of Effect Of Shunthyadi TailaAnd
Triphaladi Taila Nasya In Vataja Pratishyaya
(Allergic Rhinitis)
113-117
Management of Sthula Madhumeha with
Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggula- A
Clinical Study
118-126
Brahmi taila shiroabhyanga in chittodwega
(Anxiety Neurosis)
127-131
Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata
132-138
A Brief review of pre-clinical and clinical
researches on Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn)
143-147
Carbon dating of Charaka Samhita
148-151
SRP Kethamakka
Sagar M. Bhinde
SRP Kethamakka
Hhiremath. V.R
Ashish A. Thatere ,
Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R.
Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari,
KSR Prasad
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi)
Pravin Masram, Dhiraj Singh Rajput
Review Article
Importance of Stool Examination in Babies
139-142
Case Report
Current Themes
Communication
Announcements
152-154
155-157
159-161
National Workshop on “Ayurvedic
Interventions in Cerebral Palsy”
162-163
164-164
Bilateral variations of renal vessels -A case
study
Management of high anal fistula by Kshara
Sutra ligation along with partial
Fistulotomy - A Case Report,
Recent approaches of Pre-clinical
Researches in Ayurveda
Giridhar M Kanthi, Arun N P, Harshita M
S, Anoop Kumar N S, Visakh Sakthidharan,
Vishnu Damodar,
Srihari S
Santosh Y Mudakappagol, Mathew Sunny,
Rohit Gokarn, Supriya R. Gokarn
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Journal of Indian System of Medicine [ISSN-2320-4419]
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Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Journal of Indian
System of MedicineEditor’s Note
Future and Past ofAyurveda
SRPKethamakka
Head, Panchakarma, MGACH&RC, Salod (H), Wardha, [email protected]
JISM1433E Received:August 21, 2014;Accepted: September 14, 2014
How to cite the article: SRP Kethamakka, Future and past of Ayurveda, 3 JulyJ-ISM, V2 N , -September 2014, pp.109-112
medicine that has effect will even
side effect. At the of criticism on Ayurvedic
medicine's nephro and renal toxicity, 21 century
for Ayurveda retain self esteem
Ayurveda in modern era challenge to bridge a
gap for the future in terms of evidence based medicine
and on the other hand to retain traditionalism and
integrity of the system of the past. To preserve
connections of the past knowledge we need to study
the manuscripts and Ayurvedic Anthropology.
Unfortunately, in the past 1000 years, Traditional
Indian sciences have faced turbulences under Muslim
and British rule. Recent evidence for such harm is
witnessed in the Indo-British Heritage Trust of
London which organized a debate on the eve of the
inaugural event to mark the 400th anniversary of
formal relations between India and Britain back in
1614 on 21 Sep, 2014. A historic debate that put the
mighty empire on a mock trial at the Supreme Court
and the conclusion drawn was “The British Raj did
more harm than good in the Indian subcontinent” [1].
To meet the needs of future outcomes that are
pre-defined, measurable and monitored, we depend on
the ingenuity of Ayurveda and the strength of the
system. This lies in promotive, preventive &
rehabilitative health care, diseases and health
conditions relating to women and children, mental
health, stress management, problems relating to older
person, non-communicable diseases etc. The
Department of AYUSH should align its programs and
policies with the of
reducing IMR, MMR, TFR, Malnutrition, Anemia,
Population Control and Child Sex Ratio, etc. [2].
Even though in 11th Plan period, major
A have
outset
inst
it
is essential to .
faces
AYUSH
National Health outcome, Goals
achievements of scheme implementation were
achieved such as Acquisition/ digitization and
publication of 23 manuscripts and Publication
/translation of 14 books and manuscripts [3], still a lot
of manuscripts are in suspension mode at British and
German libraries.
A recommendation made in 1920 by Indian
National Congress - “
should be
remembered here [ ]. The National Health Policy of
2002 noted that
It is undoubted that the strength of India
remains in medicinal plants [6]. The National
Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) has in collaboration
with QCI launched a voluntary certification scheme
for medicinal plants produce (VSCMPP) which is
based on WHO GAPand GCPguidelines [7].
To ensure a good future we do need the utility
and control over Information Technology tools which
would be applied significantly to improve quality of
educat ion, research, heal th services and
manufacturing. Tools like Meta databases, search
engines and software of various research
there should be an Integrated
System of Medicine and Research which should be
combination of both our Ayurveda, Unani, Tibb,
Siddha, and Modern medicine system choosing the
best out of all and thus supporting one system by
another to serve mankind to its best”
4
“Under the overarching umbrella of
the national health frame work, the alternative
systems of medicine Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and
Homeopathy have a substantial untapped potential of
India and build up credibility … by encouraging
evidence based research to determine their efficiency,
safety and dosage and also encourage certification
and quality marking of products to enable a wider
popular acceptance of these system of medicine” [5].
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 109
developments with several function are useful in this
regards. Examples include clinical documentation,
indexing, cataloguing, semantic analysis, cloud
sourcing, encyclopedias, E-learning modules, E-
books, graphic, entity relationship maps, portals and
websites.. To fulfil this goal, the establishment of
seven online national libraries for each of the seven
components of AYUSH through an all India
coordinated program is proposed [8]. A proper
support and utility by community can take us to the
heights and establish theAyurveda as EBM.
New holistic research perspectives,
frameworks and tools are required for (proposed in
12 five year plan ofAYUSH):
a) Clinical research that focuses on
rather than single and uniformly
applied drugs,
b) Trans-disciplinary and bridging research
strategies that correlate AYUSH concepts of health,
pathogenesis, nutrition, physiology, pharmacology
with bio-medical concepts, thus creating new
knowledge that has potential to improve the quality
of life of the masses,
c) Fundamental research that also uses IT tools and
Indian epistemological perspectives to uncover the
depth and width of highly sophisticated “original
AYUSH concepts” referenced from dozens of
literary sources on different dimensions of health and
disease.
d) Identification and scientific development of
selected Indian medicinal plants that would meet
global market needs, wherein scientific evidence
related to their efficacy and safety through rigorous
scientific assessment would be taken up in order to
meet the emerging global demands for registration
under food additives/health supplements/ traditional
herbal medicinal products /phyto-medicinal
ingredients [9].
To enrich Ayurveda Steering Committee
recommends the Establishment of a National
Mission on Medical Manuscripts with operational
and Financial Autonomy/ independence and
development of Core Metadata Standards for
therapeutic
outcomes and multi-pronged, individualized,
interventions,
,
Indexing [10]. Apart from development of new
scientific monographs, the revision of already
published monographs in the 12th Plan has to be
under taken [11].
Since the inception of human civilization,
India has been a center of learning for religion,
philosophy, and science. Manuscripts contain
writings from eminent scholars. These writings are
available on materials such as cloth, birch bark,
leaves, clay, etc. They cannot survive without proper
handling and care. Central Library, BHU has a large
collection of manuscripts that are in regular demand
by scholars in different disciplines. This leads to
regular consultation of these rare classics which is a
cause for the further deterioration of its condition.
Efforts are being made to preserve the collection.
Simultaneously, conservation of documents is also
being done to keep the body and content of the
scripture intact. The collaboration of NMM and BHU
has advanced efforts in the eastern UP of India in
protecting old manuscripts. The collaboration also
promises a more intense coordination between the
scientific community and manuscriptologists, to
bring forth better technological tools and techniques
to decipher, search, and retrieve the knowledge
stored in these rare scriptures. Last but not least, these
efforts help inculcate a sense of responsibility in
society toward our rich past. Issues that must be
considered include, Identification of type of scholars,
Scholars who have contributed to the development of
the manuscript database of the region and Access
Policies [12].
Medical anthropology, a new discipline
within cultural anthropology, offers much to physical
therapists who often find themselves practicing in
settings with a variety of ethnic groups or
predominance of one ethnic group. Culture can be
described as a design for living. Cultural beliefs exist
to answer certain universal concerns and questions.
These cultural orientations are so ingrained that they
seem self-evident, but dissonance can occur when
these orientations contrast with the values of
Manuscripts:
MedicalAnthropology
SRP Kethamakka,Future and past of Ayurveda, pp.109-112
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September110
individuals from other cultures. At times,
unexamined assumptions that clinicians hold can bias
treatment planning as well as lead to frustration or
even hostility[13]. The indigenous knowledge system
has promoted immense bio-diversity in India which
of course is negotiated and maintained in a variety of
ways keeping the identity of Indian civilization.
Peripatetic are one of the links in the complex process
[14].
A good practical definition of medical
anthropology comes from Cecil Helman: “Medical
anthropology is about how people in different
cultures and social groups explain the causes of ill
health, the types of treatment they believe in, and to
whom they turn if they do get ill” [15].
Medical anthropology is the study of human
health and disease, health care systems, and bio-
cultural adaptation.Akey concept in medical ecology
is "adaptation," the changes, modifications, and
variations that increase the chances of survival,
reproductive success, and general wellbeing in an
environment [16].
Medical anthropology examines the
influence of social and cultural factors, such as
professional roles, religion, technology and political
economy on health care, and recognizes their
potential practical relevance for providing and
maintaining health. In multicultural and class-divided
societies where health systems function at different
social levels (medical pluralism), Medical
anthropology, therefore, also considers the exercise
of power and differential access to resources, and
their impact on people's health [17]. The term
'medical anthropology' however, is a misnomer. It
implies identification with the biomedical or
scientific perspectives of disease and health, which is
questionable because of medical anthropology's
interest in dimensions of health care that lie beyond
the sphere of biomedicine. Also, one of its aims is to
challenge the supremacy of biomedicine as the
dominant medical tradition in coexistence with other
medical traditions [18].
The most common answer one receives in
Mysore city after asking the benefits of Ayurvedic
treatment is that it does not have side effects.
Apparently the medical, cosmological and
philosophical basis of Ayurveda is obscure and
imprecise for most laymen. In short, whether
allopathy or Ayurveda, the medicine is frequently
reduced to the icons of efficacy, if one offers quick
fixes, the other has no side effects. This connection
between Ayurveda and biomedicine, or an English
medicine as it is often referred to in an everyday life in
South India, leads us to issues that are relevant for the
arguments [19].
One of the most debated issues among
Ayurvedic practitioners concerns the advantages and
disadvantages of the incorporation of biomedical
instruments, technology and concepts into Ayurvedic
routines. Regarding the current situation in India the
term 'integration' is, however, more appropriate than
'syncretism', for the latter is, apparently, too narrow
and problematic to elucidate a state of affairs.
However, as emphasized, the present situation in the
clinical reality of Mysore does not suggest
syncretism, in the historical sense of the term, but to a
deliberate and symbolic integration of things,
concepts and routines into Ayurvedic practices
basically to serve the interests of practitioners and
clients.
Apparently the disparity in treatment in the
field of Ayurveda is a result of several interrelated
reasons, such as: (1) the establishment of luxurious
private Ayurvedic centers, actively advertised for
foreigners and wealthy consumers, (2) the fact that
Governmental subsidies for public Ayurvedic
institutions lag behind the ones given to biomedical
care, which strengthens the differentiation of
Ayurvedic services, (3) the increase in the price of
Ayurvedic products and services due to the
commercialization and standardization of Ayurvedic
therapy in the context of a booming industry and
marketing and (4) the conversion of Ayurvedic
practitioners from 'small-scale producers to
consumers of large-scale manufactures' (Banerjee
2002, p. 446), an aspect that effectively associates
Ayurvedic practitioners with an Ayurvedic industry
[20] .
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 111
SRP Kethamakka,Future and past of Ayurveda, pp.109-112
Anthropology offers two perspectives that
can be useful in making health care more acceptable
to diverse ethnic groups. The first, ethnography, a
central tool in cultural anthropology, involves getting
a mental mapping of the patient's world. In other
words, the clinician strives for the emic view by
learning the patient's definitions and seeing the world
from the patient's point of view. The therapist needs to
know from what the patient believes he or she is
suffering. A doctor's diagnosis, though medically
correct from an orthodox point of view, may not be at
all representative of the patient's view of the situation.
An view is composed of analytical language such
as concepts and theories. An view refers to the
native view or the insider's view. A problem can
result when etic terminology and emic terminology
are identical in vocabulary but mean different things,
assume different origins, and may result in different
consequences [21].
:
etic
emic
References
[1] http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-
and-nation/british-raj-did-more-harm-than-good-in-
indian-subcontinent-uk-supreme-court-
debate/articleshow/43096059.cms, Accessed on 22.9.14
[2] Report of the Steering Committee on AYUSH For
12th Five Year Plan (2012-17), 4th May
2011, P 11
[3] Ibid [2] p 17
[4] Ibid [2] p 66
[5] Ibid [2] p 68
[6] Ibid [2] p26
[7] Ibid [2] p 31
[8] Ibid [2] p37
[9] Ibid [2] p 24
[10] Ibid [2] p38-39
[11] Ibid [2] p46
St 2- Ayush,
[12] Tripathi, Sneha and Mishra, V.K., "Retrospective
Conversion of Ancient Knowledge, Issues and
Challenges: A Case Study of Central Library, Banaras
Hindu University, India" (2010).
Paper 363.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/363
[13] aunders L, Hewes G: Folk medicine and medical
practice. J Med Educ 28:43-46,1953
[14] , Indigenous Knowledge in
India:Dimensions and Relevance, Jr. Anth. Survey of
India, 61(2) & 62(1) : (373-377), 2012-2013
[15] Lynn Sikkink, Medical Anthropology in Applied
Perspective, 2009 (Helman, Cecil 1994. Third Edition.
. Oxford: Butterworth Heineman)
Wadsworth, Belmont, CA 94002-3098, USA, p1,
[16] A. McElroy Medical Anthropology, Aus:
D.Levinson, M. Ember (Hrsg.) Encyclopedia of
Cultural Anthropology. Henry Holt, New York 1996;
[17] Stephné Herselman ,Health Care ThroughACultural
Lens:Insights From MedicalAnthropology,
Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, June 2007 Vol
20, No. 2, p62
[18] Janzen J.
. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[19] Tapio Nisula, In the Presence of Biomedicine:
Ayurveda, Medical Integration and Health Seeking in
Mysore, South India, Anthropology & Medicine, Vol.
13, No. 3, December 2006,p 208 of pp. 207224
[20] For a critique of the modern versions of Ayurveda,
see Zimmermann (1992), Nichter and Nichter (1996,
pp. 292299), and Banerjee (2002). Banerjee 2002, p.
446 Tapio Nisula, In the Presence of Biomedicine:
Ayurveda, Medical Integration and Health Seeking in
Mysore, South India, Anthropology & Medicine, Vol.
13, No. 3, December 2006,p 208 of p215 of pp. 207224
[21] Katherine K. Parry, Concepts from Medical
Anthropology for Clinicians, 1984;
64:929-933.Downloaded from http://ptjournal.apta.org/
by guest on September 22, 2014
Library Philosophy
and Practice (e-journal).
P. K. Misra1
Culture, Health and Illness: an Introduction for Health
Professionals
The Social Fabric of Health: An
Introduction to Medical Anthropology
PHYS THER.
S
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September112
SRP Kethamakka,Future and past of Ayurveda, pp.109-112
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
Introduction
Allergic Rhinitis is disease pertaining Nose
induced by an immunoglobin E(IgE)-mediated
inflammatory reaction after allergic exposure of the
membranes lining the nose [1]and is characterized by
watery nasal discharge, Nasal congestion , sneezing
and itching in the nose [2].
is compared to allergic
rhinitis because most of the signs and symptoms of
alike such as (watery nasal
discharge), (Sneezing) and
(congestion) [3] ' ' is a
and one among five types of
a
Vataja Pratishyaya
Nasagata Tanusrava
Kshavatu Nasavarodha
. Vataja Pratishyaya
Nasagataroga
OriginalArticle
Role of and
in (Allergic
Rhinitis)
Shunthyadi Taila Triphaladi
Taila Nasya Vatajapratishyaya
Hiremath V.R, Srinivasaprasad B, ,
How to cite the article: Hiremath V.R, , Srinivasaprasad B, Shunthyadi Taila And Triphaladi Taila Nasya In Vatajapratishyaya
(Allergic Rhinitis), J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.113-117
Ph.D Scholar [ ], Pofessor, K.L.E U`s Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,
Shahapur, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
JISM1419N Received for publication: June 23, 2014;Accepted: 14 September, 2014
Abstract:
Key words:
Vataja Pratishyaya Nasagata Tanusrava, Kshavatu
Nasavarodha.
Kshavathu Pradhana
Lakshana Vataja Pratishyaya Shuntyadi Taila Nasya
Taila Dhatus
Triphaladi Taila Pratishyaya
Shunthyadi Taila Triphaladi Taila Nasya
Shunthyadi taila Triphaladi taila Vataja
Pratishyaya Shunthyadi taila Nasya Triphaladi Taila
Vataja Pratishyaya Shunthyadi Taila Triphaladi Taila.Nasya.
is a disease which possesses symptoms like and
These types of symptoms are also found in allergic rhinitis which is induced by an IgE mediated
inflammation of the nasal membrane. Allergic rhinitis is the most common type of chronic rhinitis, affecting 10
to 20% of the population. Severe allergic rhinitis has been associated with significant impairments in quality of
life, sleep and work performance. Till date no satisfactory medical management has been developed for this
problem. Hence, it creates a need to search a simple and effective remedy. As is the
of , has been selected for the present study because most of
the ingredients of this will promote the nourishment of which ultimately increases the general and
local immunity. In the same way has also been indicated in . Hence to assess and
compare the efficacy of and in the form of the present study had been
taken. Both and were found to be very beneficial in all the cases of
. However, Group A with gave better result than in Group
B.
,Allergic Rhinitis, ,
Pratishyaya
Nasya
[4].Allergic rhinitis is the most common
type of chronic rhinitis, affecting 10 to 20% of the
population, and evidence suggests that the
prevalence of the disorder is increasing. Severe
allergic rhinitis has been associated with significant
impairments in quality of life, sleep and work
performance [5].
All medical disciplines are trying to find the
ways to fight against such challenging tasks. Till date
no satisfactory medical management has been
developed for this problem. Hence, it creates a need
to search a simple and effective remedy. Among the
various treatment modalities, is the chief
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 113
procedure to drain from [6].
in the form of has been
highlighted as drug of choice for the management of
[7]. As is the
of ,
has been selected for the present study, In the
same way has also been indicated in
[8]. Hence to assess and compare the
efficacy of and in
the form of the present study had been taken.
A. Patients: The diagnosed patients of
were selected from OPD and IPD of
Department of Shalakyatantra. Recoupment of the
patients into trail and control groups were done by
Envelop method.
B. Study design: comparative study with two equal
Groups.
C. Sample size: 24 patients (12 patients in each
Group).
D. Posology (Table No.1)
E. Selection of drugs
Equal parts of
made into form, to these 4 parts
of and 16 parts of is
added and boiled till it attains
( ).
Equal parts of
and were taken.
To these 1 quantity of was added and
boiled to prepare Then to this
equal quantity of and
were added along with two parts of Then
along with 1 quantity
of Tila taila was added and was done to
prepare .
Doshas Shirah
Shunthyadi Taila Nasya
Kshavathu Kshavathu Pradhana
Lakshana Vataja Pratishyaya Shunthyadi Taila
Nasya
Triphaladi Taila
Pratishyaya
Shunthyadi Taila Triphaladi Taila
Nasya
Vataja
Pratishyaya
Shunthi, Kushta, Pippali,
Bilwa, Draksha kalka
MoorchitaTila Taila Shuddhajala
Sneha Siddha
Lakshana Mrudhu Taila Paka
Triphala, Guduchi, Ketaki,
Chandana, Bala, Eranda Indravali
Drona Jala
Kashaya. Kashaya
Bhringaraja Amalaki Swarasa
Ksheera.
Prakshepaka Dravyas Prastha
Tailapaka
Triphala Taila
Materials and methods
Shunthyadi Taila:
Triphaladi Taila:
Intervention:
Methodology:
Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
Diagnostic Criteria:
Laboratory investigations:
Subjective criteria:
Nasyakarma
Taila
Vataja
Pratishyaya
Doshaja Pratishyaya
was done in the morning
time 8.30am to 9.30am, 8 drops of each in each
nostril was administered.
- Patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of
(Allergic Rhinitis)
- 15 to 50 years of age group.
- Subjects were recruited irrespective of sex,
religion, occupation etc.
- Other , Systemic infections
like Tuberculosis, Leprosy etc.
-Associated with Nasal polyp, Bronchial asthma etc.
-Age less than 15 years and more than 50 years.
Diagnosis was established on the basis of -
1.Clinical features: Rhinorrhoea, Sneezing, and
Nasal obstruction.
2.Anterior and posterior Rhinoscopy for signs of
allergy:e.g. pale Oedematus Turbinate with thin
strings of mucus.
3.Absolute Eosinophil Count: Raised blood
Eosinophils.
4.Nasal smear: shows large number of Eosinophils.
A.E.C, Nasal smear
Criteria for assessment
Record and follow of all the patients included in the
trial was documented and maintained in the case
record from the efficacy of the therapy was assessed
on subjective and objective criteria and
multidimensional scoring system was adopted for
easier statistical analysis of the result score.
The score was given according to the severity of the
symptoms as follows
�Sneezing
�Running nose
�Nasal Congestion
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September114
Hiremath V.R , Srinivasaprasad B, Shunthyadi Taila And Triphaladi Taila Nasya In Vatajapratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), 113-117pp.
Hiremath V.R , Srinivasaprasad B, Shunthyadi Taila And Triphaladi Taila Nasya In Vatajapratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), 113-117pp.
Objective criteria:
Grading:
Statistical analysis:
�
�A. E. C
�Nasal smear
1. None or on occasional
2. Limited occasional
3. Mild symptom but easily tolerable
4. Steady symptom but easily tolerable
5. Moderate bothersome i.e. hard to tolerate
6.Moderate bothersome and interfere with
activities of daily life
7 Severe symptoms i.e. person can't function at
all
(Table No.3, 4 & Graph No.1)
All the data generated and collected during the study
was subjected to statistical analysis. Students paired t
test was applied to calculate the 'p' value. Conclusions
were drawn based on the results obtained.
Assessment of the effect of therapy:
� On factor: During the study it was
observed that, there was statistically significant effect
of on i.e. 'p' value<0.05%,
in the same way had also the
statistically significant effect over the i.e.
'p' value<0.05%, but by comparing the results of both
groups group had better results than
group.
� On factor: During the study it
was observed that, there was statistically significant
effect of on , i.e.
'p' value<0.05%, in the same way
had also the statistically highly significant effect over
the i.e. 'p' value<0.01%, hence
by comparing the results of both groups
group had better results than
group.
On factor: During the study it was
observed that, there was statistically highly
significant effect of on
factor, i.e. 'p' value<0.01%, in the same
way had also the statistically
Kshavatu
Shunthyadi taila Kshavatu,
Triphaladi taila
Kshavatu
Shunthyadi Taila
Triphaladi Taila
Nasagata Tanusrava
Shunthyadi Taila Nasagatatanusrava
Triphaladi Taila
Nasagatatanusrava
Triphaladi
Taila Shunthyadi Taila
Nasavarodha
Shunthyadi Taila
Nasavarodha
Triphaladi Taila
significant effect over the factor i.e. 'p'
value<0.05%, hence by comparing the results of both
groups group had better results than
group.
�OnAEC test: During the study it was observed that,
there was statistically significant effect of
onAEC value, i.e. 'p' value<0.05%,
in the same way had also the
statistically significant effect over the AEC value i.e.
'p' value<0.05%, but by comparing the results of both
groups group had better results than
group.
�On nasal smear test: During the study it was
observed that, there was statistically highly
significant effect of on Nasal Smear
test, i.e. 'p' value<0.01%, in the same way
had also the statistically significant effect over
the Nasal Smear test i.e. 'p' value<0.05%, hence by
comparing the results of both groups
group had better results than
group
Sources say much about the incidence of the
allergic rhinitis in Male than female [9]. In our study
also it was found to be correct in which 62.5% were
male and 37.5% were female patients. This disease
has no bar for religion and geographical distribution,
is described as a condition of
less complication and with good prognosis in
Ayurvedic classics [10] is the chief
procedure selected because this is a procedure which
performs which can expel the
vitiated easily. was
administered in GroupA.
Most of the ingredients of this are
having the properties like having
;
and
, and properties will
promote the nourishment of which ultimately
increases the general and local immunity. This might
Nasavarodha
Shunthyadi taila
Triphaladi taila
Shunthyadi Taila
Triphaladi Taila
Shunthyadi Taila
Triphaladi Taila
Shunthyadi Taila
Triphaladi
Taila
Shunthyadi
Taila Triphaladi Taila
Vataja Prathishyaya
Nasya Shodhana
Uttamanga Shuddhi
Doshas Shunthyadi Taila Nasya
Taila
Vata-Kaphahara
Katu, Tikta, Madhura Rasa; Laghu, Snigdha Guna
Ushna Veerya Madhura Vipaka. Madhura Rasa,
Sheeta Veerya Snigdha Guna
Dhatus
.
Discussion:
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 115
DRUG GROUP-A GROUP-B
Name of the Medicine Shunthyadi Taila Nasya Triphaladi Taila Nasya
Duration Total duration- 7 days Total duration- 7 days
Dose 8 drops in each nostril 8 drops in each nostril
Table No.1: Showing the Posology
Table No.2: Showing the ingredients of
Shunthyadi taila
Shunthikalka- 1 part
Kushta - 1 part
Pippali - 1 part
Bilwa- 1 part
Draksha- 1 part
Tila Taila- 4 parts
Shuddhajala- 16 parts
Graph No.1: Showing the 'T' value of Group
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September116
Hiremath V.R , Srinivasaprasad B, Shunthyadi Taila And Triphaladi Taila Nasya In Vatajapratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), 113-117pp.
PA R AM ETER M EA N M ean
diff
S D T-V alue P- V alue R em ark s
BT A T
Ks ha va tu 5.91 5 .58 0 .33 0 .492 2 .34 < 0.05 S ig
N as a ga ta tan usra va 5.66 5 .08 0 .58 0 .51 3 .92 < 0.01 H igh S ig
N as a va ro dha 5.66 5 .33 0 .33 0 .49 2 .34 < 0.05 S ig
AE C 541.5 463.3 78 .16 54 .75 4 .94 < 0.001 H igh S ig
N as a l sm ea r 11.91 11 .25 0 .66 0 .77 2 .96 < 0.05 S ig
Table No.4: S how ing the Statist ical A n alysis of P aram eters, G roup B
PA R A M E T E R M E A N N et
M ean
S D T -
V a lu
e
P- V alu e R em a rk s
B T A T
Ks ha va tu 5 .7 5 5 .33 0 .4 1 0 .5 1 2 .8 <0 .05 S ig
N a sa ga tata nus ra v a 5 .6 6 5 .25 0 .4 1 0 .5 1 2 .8 < 0 .0 5 S ig
N a sa va rodh a 5 .6 6 5 .08 0 .5 8 0 .5 1 3 .92 < 0 .0 1 H ig h S ig
A E C 5 7 1. 4 2 9 1 42 .5 4 3 .5 1 1 .3 4 <0 .00 1 H ig h S ig
N a sa l s m ea r 1 2 .5 9 .08 3 .4 1 1 .3 1 9 .02 < 0 .0 01 H ig h S ig
T a ble N o .3 : S ho w in g the Stat ist ica l A na ly sis of P ara m eters, G rou p A
be the reason where we got statistically highly
significant effect over AEC and Nasal
smear test factors as well as significant effect over the
and .
was administered in Group B.
possess a good spreading capacity through
minute channels which make .
Most of the ingredients of this are having the
properties like having
. With these properties it
is having
effect as a combined form.
In this way it can counteract the .
Even in this study it is proved as it had statistically
highly significant effect over
and AEC. In the same way it had significant effect
over the and Nasal smear
test factors.
The therapeutic effect of with
(Group A) and
were found to be very beneficial in all the
cases of .
group had 3 parameters out of 5 parameters as highly
significant, whereas nasya group
had 2 parameters out of 5 parameters as highly
significant values. Hence by comparing the statistical
Nasavarodha,
Kshavathu Nasagata Tanusrava Triphaladi
Taila Nasya Triphaladi
Taila
Srothoshodakatwa
Taila
Tridoshahara Tikta, Katu,
Maadhura Rasa; Laghu, Snigdha Guna; Ushna
Veerya and Madhura Vipaka
Indriya-Dardyakaratwa, Balya, Rasayana,
Vatahara and Brimhana
Vataja Pratishyaya
Nasagata Tanusrava
Kshavathu, Nasavarodha
Nasyakarma
Shunthyadi Taila
Vataja Pratishyaya Shunthyadi Taila Nasya
Triphaladi Taila
Conclusion:
Triphaladi Taila
(Group B)
values it was concluded that Group A has better
results than Group B.
,
References
[1] Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL: Rhinitis and sinusitis. J
Allergy ClinImmunol 2010, 125:S103-15
[2] PL Dhingra, Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 3
edition reprint, Reed Elsevier India Private
Limited;2005:204
[3] Bramhananda Tripath i , Charaka samhi ta ,
Chikitsasthana, 26 chapter, verse -105, Chaukamba
SurabharatiPrakashana; Varanasi; 2012:885
[4] Kaviraja Ambikadatthashastri, Sushrutha samhitha,
Uttaratantra, 22 chapter, Verse -5, vol-2, Chaukamba
Sanskrit Sansthan,Varanasi; 2004:104.
[5] Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL: Rhinitis and sinusitis. J
Allergy ClinImmunol 2010, 125:S103-15
[6] Hemadri D, Ashtanga Hridaya Sadashiva SP, editors.
Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashana; 2007.
Vagbhata..SarvangaSundari Comm. Arunadatta&
Ayurveda Rasayana comm.
[7] Bhavaprakash Nighantu Uttarardha Ed, by
Bhi shag ra tna Pand i t Sh r i Bramha Shanka r
Mishra;65:19 Chaukhamba Sanskrita Samsthana,
Varanasi: 9 Edn, 2005. pp.694.
[8] Dr.Ramnivasa Sharma, Dr.Surendra Sharma,
Sahasrayogam, Taila Prakarana, 39 , Triphaladi Taila,
Choukambha Sanskrit Pratishthana, re-edition 2004,
Varanasi, page number- 91
[9] Durham SR. Mechanism and treatment of allergic
rhinitis. In: Mackay IS, Bull TR, editors. Scott Brown's
Otolaryngology, Vol 4, 6th ed. Oxford:
1997; 6: 1-16.
[10] Kaviraja Ambikadatthashastri, Sushrutha samhitha,
Uttaratantra, 24 chapter, Verse -15, vol-2, Chaukamba
Sanskrit Sansthan,Varanasi; 2004: page number-119.
rd
th
th
,
th
th
th
Butterworth
Heinemann;
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Hiremath V.R , Srinivasaprasad B, Shunthyadi Taila And Triphaladi Taila Nasya In Vatajapratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), 113-117pp.
117
Management of with
of &
AClinical Study
Sthula Madhumeha
Ghanasatva Kadar, Khadir Guggulu -
AshishA. Thatere , Vidya B. Wasnik , Kabra. P. R.1 2 3
1 2
3
Asst. Prof. Dept. of Kayachikitsa, [[email protected]], Asso. Prof. Dept. of Swasthavritta,
Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Govt.Ayurved College, Nagpur
JISM1355N Received for publication: December 12, 2013 Accepted: September 14, 2014
How to cite the article: Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva ofKadar, Khadir & Guggula- A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126
Abstract:
Keywords:
Alteration in life style in the present days, results in manifestation of several life threatening disorders like
I.H.D., diabetes mellitus, obesity etc. In future Ayurvedic science also commented regarding the importance of
and for maintaining normal health status. is one of such diseases with very
rapid incidence and is a type of modalities of treatment has been
explained as its management tool. After reviewing previous works done on it was found that
of have not been studied till now. So the effect of the said
drug was evaluated & the results observed are mentioned in full paper.
Ahara Vihara Sthula Madhumeha
Santarpanajanya vyadhi. Shaman & Shodhana
Madhumeha,
Ghanasatva Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu Apatarpaka
Sthula, Madhumeha, Shaman, Shodhana, Apatarpana
Journal of Indian
System of MedicineOriginalArticle
Introduction
has stressed upon the concept of
total health for which multi dimensional unique
concepts have been explained to achieve its goal of
maintaining total health & curing the disease. In this
context certain rules for proper life style are also
explained. Life style disorders like &
are increasing now days. The incidence
of is rising very rapidly which is
very hazardous as it is one of the .
Keeping this in mind the study was planned.
has advised the of &
as for managing the patients of
(A.S.C. 14/33). But instead of
of the said drugs was given to one group
of 20 patients of because it is
easy to take.
in
perspective is just like type II diabetes. Symptoms
Ayurveda
Sthulata
Madhumeha
Sthula Madhumeha
Kulaj Vikar
Vagbhat
Kvatha Kadar, Khadir Guggulu
Apatarpaka Sthula
Madhumeha Kwatha,
Ghanasatva
Sthula Madhumeha
Sthu la Madhumeha Ayurved ic
mentioned in are similar to type II diabetes.
According to Hunter John, diabetic having BMI more
than 23 should be treated as type II diabetes i.e,
.
Park predicted that number of patients of
type II diabetes is going to be doubled in 2025.
Ramchandran A, et al mentioned that prevalence rate
in different parts of urban India is 12 to 18. He
pinpointed, that the prevalence at national level is
12.1.This increase in prevalence is attributed to
different causes such as increased monthly family
income, age, gender family history, reduced physical
activity.
There are so many researches done to
control diabetes mellitus till now, but still this disease
is not completely curable. There are many
complications of diabetes mellitus such as diabetic
retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic
ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state,
Ayurveda
Sthula
Pramehi
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September118
coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease &
others, so this disease is called as Silent Killer.
Therefore it is necessary to control blood sugar level
to avoid complications.
One can only control the blood sugar
level along with medicine. For control of Diabetes
mellitus diet regimen, exercise, proper lifestyle is
also important. At present many drugs are available
to control the blood sugar level in type II diabetes but
still complications are observed in many patients. It
was assumed that Ayurvedic contention of treatment
of will be helpful. According to
is to be administered to
type of (S.C.1/4).
According to Dalhana is .
Further Dalhana added that includes
administration of or the drugs
having (Dal.Com.S.C.11/4),by
virtue of these properties of these drugs
might be acting on and more
having property so that will
be reduced. This concept will be helpful to decrease
the weight or BMI of particular
i.e. type II diabetics. This concept of management
might be helpful to control blood sugar level and
may avoid complications.
Therefore the drugs having these properties were
thought of. As mentioned in
herbal formulation of drugs such as
and were selected to control
blood sugar level and to bring down weight.
40 patients of were
randomly selected from OPD & IPD of Kayachikitsa
dept., Govt.Ayurved Hospital,Nagpur irrespective of
sex, socio economical status & religion.
The study was carried out in two groups (trial
& control) of patients of . Both
groups comprised of 20 patients each.
Sthula Madhumeha
Sushruta Apatarpana
Apathyanimittaj Prameha
, Apatarpana Langhana
Apatarpana
Vyayama, Shodhana
Katu and Tikta Rasa
Apatarpaka
Abaddha Meda Kapha
Drava Meda and Kapha
Sthula Madhumehi
Astanga Sangraha
Apatarpaka
Kadar, Khadir Guggulu
Sthula Madhumeha
Sthula Madhumeha
consequences like diabetic
Materials & Methods
Study Design
Selection of Drug:
Criteria of Selection:
Criteria of Rejection:
Criteria of Assessment:
The patients of trial group were given the
(Acasia Suma),
(Acasia Catechu) & (Commiphora Mukul)
in the dose of 1 gm Bid with lukewarm water before
meals for 6 weeks. The patients of control group
were given Tab. Glibenclamide 5 mg OD with water
before meals for 6 weeks. All the patients were
explained about particular & with
respect to . Light diet was
prescribed in divided timings and sweets were
restricted from diet.
Selection of the patients was
made on the basis of following criteria:
1.Clinical signs & symptoms of
2.BMI more than 25 were selected
3.Fasting blood sugar less than 220 mg/dl and Post
prandial blood sugar less than 400 mg/dl
4.Serum cholesterol less than300 mg/dl
5.Serum triglycerides less than 250 mg/dl
Rejection of the patients was
made on the basis of following criteria:
1.BMI less than 25 were rejected
2.Fasting blood sugar more than 220 mg/dl and Post
prandial blood sugar more than 400 mg/dl
3.Serum cholesterol more than300 mg/dl
4.Serum triglycerides more than 250 mg/dl
5.Patients having complications like diabetic
neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, vasculopathy,
Myocardial infarction were rejected.
The patients were assessed
on the basis of following criteria:
1.Effect of drug on symptoms of
2. To evaluate the effect of drug on the quantity of
Urine & sugar in urine.
3.To evaluate the effect of drug on weight & BMI.
4.To study the effect of drug on fasting and post meal
blood sugar level.
5.To study the effect of drug on lipid profiles.
Ghanasatva of Kadar Khadir
Guggulu
Ahar Vihar
Sthula Madhumeha
Sthula Madhumeha
Apatarpak Sthula
Madhumeha.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 119
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
A criterion's for General Symptom Score:
Observation
Scoring was done as described by Kagde S. T. (2000)
as follows:
A. 2 marks for each symptom before treatment for
moderate condition and 3 for severe condition.
B. 1 mark was allotted after remarkable reduction of
symptoms after the treatment.
C. Complete reduction in symptom was considered
as zero mark.
D. No change in symptom after treatment was taken
as 2 marks.
The study was carried out in 40 Patients of
. Two groups comprising 20
patients each viz. treated group (T.G.) and control
group (C.G.) were made. Patients of treated group
were given of and
while that of control group were given Tab.
Glibenclamide 5 mg OD. Patients who are having
B.M.I. more than 25 were considered as overweight
i.e. with fasting blood sugar level less than
220 mg/dl and post meal blood sugar level less than
400 mg/dl were selected for the said study.
All the clinical parameters, physical characters,
hematological and biological parameters were noted
one day before starting the treatment and were
considered as before treatment (B.T.) values. The
course of the treatment was of 6 weeks in both
groups. One day after the completion of the course
all the parameters were again recorded as after
treatment (A.T.) values. However three patients each
of treated and control group were not ready for lipid
profiles due to some unknown reasons best known to
themselves. Following observations were made after
the completion of the study:
were relieved on
average by 57% in treated group as compared to
14.29% in control group. In the same manner
were reduced on average
by 37.98% in treated Group as compared to 17.59%
in control group.
Sthula Madhumeha
Ghanasatva Kadar, Khadir
Guggulu
Sthula
Kapha Vriddhi Lakshanas
Rasa
Dhatu Dushti Lakshanas
More than 50% of the relief in the patients of
treated group in some symptoms like
and
was observed which was more in treated
group as compared to control group except
.
Weight in Kg in the patients of treated group
was significantly reduced by 1.9 ± 0.72, t= 11.7719
and P‹0.001. In the same manner weight was also
reduced in control group as presented in Table-4.
As we go through Table-4 it was observed that B.M.I.
was also significantly reduced in both the groups
(Table-4).
Ayurvedic concept of “
” was tested with respect to Fasting and post
meal blood sugar level in the patients. F.B.S. in
treated group was reduced very highly significantly
as presented in Table-5; t was 8.630, P‹0.001 while in
case of control group it reduced insignificantly. As
presented in Table-5, post meal blood sugar levels of
patients in both groups were reduced very highly
significantly.
It is highlighted that only 34 patients were
evaluated before and after the treatment with respect
to lipid profiles. As presented in Table-6, only Serum
triglycerides levels were significantly brought down
in both the groups. Data highlighted in Table-6
proved it.
To decide better drug to reduce triglyceride
levels unpaired T-test was carried out. Unpai red
T-test was 2.7518, P‹0.01. This statistical analysis
proves that one of the groups was better between
them. The drug in control group was responsible for
that (Table-7).
Quantity and specific gravity of urine was
decreased by the respective therapies in both the
groups. However statistical results showed that it was
insignificant.(Table-08)
Table 9 showing Total Effect of the Therapy
Mukh
Madhurya, Supti, Daha, Trishnadhikya, Alasya,
Nidradhikya, Tandra, Mutradhikya, Avil Mutrata,
Kshudhadhikya, Anutsaha, Daurbalyata
Svedadhikya
Mukh
Madhurya
Madhuryat cha
Tanorata
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September120
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
indicated that 65% of the patients in treated group and
50% of the patients in control group were markedly
improved. While 35% of treated group patients and
45% of control group patients were improved. One
patient of control group remains unchanged after the
completion of the therapy. It is very clear that treated
group was better than that of control group.
In this study 40 patients of
i.e. patients suffering from diabetes
mellitus who had B.M.I. more than 25 were studied.
Patients of this study were selected randomly
irrespective of age, sex, religion and socio-
economical status. The patients were selected as per
the criteria of selection. Six of them did not turn up for
the follow up of lipid profiles for unknown reasons.
Table-1 shows that most of the symptoms
were relieved by more than 50% in treated group may
be due to the properties of trial drug. In control group
also there was fair percentage of relief. However it
was more in treated group.
The effect of drug was observed on a unique
contention of Ayurveda i.e.
and . Table-2 and 3
highlighted effect of drug on
score and
respectively. More reduction in treated group was
observed in and
score. These tables suggest that the drug in treated
group had more percentage of relief than control
group.
Weight and B.M.I. were evaluated in all the
patients. Table-4 suggested that the drug in treated
group and control group highly significantly reduced
weight and B.M.I. So unpaired t-test was carried out
for the comparison between two independent treated
and control group.
Effect on fasting and post meal blood sugar
level was also evaluated in all the patients. Table-5
shows that very highly significant reduction (diff. of
mean= 31.915 mg/dl) in F.B.S. of patients in treated
ScientificAnalysis of Results
Sthula
Madhumeha
Dosha Vriddhi Lakshana
Dhatu Dushti Laskshana
Dosha Vriddhi
Lakshana Dhatu Dushti Lakshana
Vata- Kapha Pitta Vriddhi Lakshana
group, while in case of control group reduction
F.B.S. was insignificant. In case of P.M.B.S. in
treated group reduced by 48.325 mg/dl t= 4.6076, P
0.001. In the same manner P.M.B.S. in control
group was also reduced very highly significantly.
Therefore further comparison between the levels of
P.M.B.S. in both groups was carried out by
unpaired t test.
The effect of drugs in both groups on total
cholesterol, HDL, LDL was noted. Reduction in
total cholesterol in both groups was insignificant.
There was a marginal insignificant increase in HDL
while LDL in both groups increased by very
marginal levels which did not show any significant
role. Effect on triglycerides in both groups noted
was favorable. Reduction in treated group was
significant while in control group it was more
significant (Table-6).
As significant reduction in triglycerides
prompted to evaluate the better drug for that
unpaired t test for unmatched data was carried out
(Table-7).
It was
observed that weight, B.M.I., P.M.B.S. and
triglycerides reduced significantly at different
levels of significance in both groups. Therefore
further comparison of two independent groups was
carried out by unpaired t test, which is highlighted
in Table-7.
Difference of mean of weight in T.G. was
1.9 ± 0.72 which was more by 0.52 kg weight than
the difference of mean in C.G. This difference was
tested statistically by unpaired t test; t was 2.3985, P
0.05. The result was significant. More difference
of mean of weight in T.G. Was clearly suggestive
that weight in T.G. reduced significantly.
Similarly B.M.I. was also reduced very
highly significantly as presented in Table-7. ean
of B.M.I. was observed in T.G.
C.G.
˂
˂
Comparison between the two groups:
M
difference more in
comparison to and was found to be highly
significant.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 121
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
As both group exhibited significant
difference of mean in P.M.B.S. Therefore
of both groups were statistically tested. Their
was insignificant as highlighted in Table-
7.
Difference exhibited in patients of T.G. was
compared with that of in C.G. with respect to
triglycerides values. More diff. of means shown in
C.G. by 24.04 mg/dl was found to be highly
significant i.e. the drug in control reduced
triglycerides in C.G. (Table-7).
and in equal
proportion were taken and its compound
was prepared. This have ,
and .
This drug has the action on and
. Alleviation of may be more potently
done as compared to and . of
has been exclusively mentioned as and
. This drug by virtue of its maximum
(50% of ) might be enhancing
of ultimately by increasing
of ; reduction in weight and B.M.I. was
observed. in this compound might be
spreading all over the mucous membrane of the
intestine where the absorption of glucose is
mentioned. Layer of this drug on mucous membrane
may restrict the absorption of . Thus
over all blood sugar level might have been reduced
significantly in treated group. The drug was given for
the duration of six weeks in this study; however long
term indulgence of this compound may show more
reduction in B.S.L., weight and B.M.I.
It is very evident from the observations and
results of the study that drug definitely
reduced which has important role in
manifestation of . The significant
reduction in weight, BMI, blood sugar level, specific
gravity and quantity of urine and serum triglycerides
established efficacy of the of
and on . If fore
said herbal formulation is used for prolonged period
it might definitely affect and
difference
difference
Probable mode ofAction of Trial drug
Discussion and Conclusion
Kadar, Khadir Guggulu
Ghanavati
Ghanavati Tikta-Katu Rasa
Shita Virya, Laghu-Ruksha Guna Katu Vipaka
Vata, Pitta Kapha
Dosha Kapha
Pitta Vata Dushti Meda
Bahu
Abadhha Meda
Rasa Tikta Rasa
Pachan Meda Dhatvagni
Meda
Guggulu
Madhur Rasa
Apatarpaka
Meda Dhatu
Madhumeha
Ghanasatva Kadar,
Khadir Guggulu Sthula Madhumeha
,
Sthula Madhumeha
consequently may help to restrict hazardous
complications.
Although none of the patients was cured,
maximum patients of treated group were markedly
improved and remaining were improved as
compared to control group which proves the
Ayurvedic contention of on
.
Apatarpana Chikitsa
Sthula Madhumeha
References
[1] Bhavmishra, Bhavprakash, 1999, published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varasani
[2] Chakrapanidatta, A commentary entitled Ayurved
Dipika on Charak Samhita, 2000, published by
Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashana, Varanasi
[3] Charak, Charak Samhita, 1941, published by Nirnay
Sagar Press, Mumbai and edited by Yadavji Trikamji
Acharya
[4] Dalhan, A commentary entitled Nibandhasangraha on
Sushrut Samhita, 1994, edited by Yadavji Trikamji,
published by Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashana,
Varanasi
[5] Hunter John, Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, 2002, published by Mc Grawhill Health
Professions Division, USA
[6] Kagde S. T. ,AClinical Study on Tamak Shvasa and its
Management with Brimhan Chikitsa, 2000, Government
Ayurved College, Nagpur.
[7] RamchandraA. et al, Journal Diabetes Care, may 2000
Sushrut, Sushrut Samhita, 1980, published by
Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi
[8] Sushrut, Sushrut Samhita, 1980, published by
Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi
[9] Madhavakar, Madhav Nidan, 1993, published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sanstha, Varanasi
[10] Michael Swash, Hutchison's Clinical Methods, 2000,
Harcour Publications
[11] Siddharth N, Shah, A.P.I. Textbook of Medicine,
2003, published by Association of Physicians of India,
Mumbai.
[12] Vagbhat, Astanga Sangraha, 1980, published by
MaheshAthavale ShrimadAatreya Prakashan, Pune
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September122
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
Table–01: Showing Effect of Apatarpaka Drug on Symptom Score in
40 Patients of Sthula Madhumeha
Sr.
No.
Symptoms Groups Symptom Score %age relief
BT AT Diff
1 Mukha- Madhurya Treated
Control
44
38
15
12
29
26
65.90
68.42
2 Supti Treated
Control
20
10
07
05
13
05
65
50
3 Daha Treated
Control
38
29
13
12
25
17
65.79
58.62
4 Trishnadhikya Treated
Control
46
38
16
15
30
23
65.22
60.53
5 Alasya Treated
Control
37
40
18
21
19
19
51.35
47.5
6 Maladhikya Treated
Control
13
06
08
05
05
01
38.46
16.67
7 Nidradhikya Treated
Control
28
25
12
13
16
12
57.14
48
8 Tandra Treated
Control
24
14
11
09
13
05
54.17
35.71
9 Mutradhikya Treated
Control
51
48
20
25
31
23
60.75
47.92
10 Aavil Mutrata Treated
Control
29
30
11
13
18
17
62.07
56.67
11 Kshudhadhikya Treated
Control
28
18
10
10
18
08
64.29
44.44
12 Medadhikya Treated
Control
47
42
25
24
22
18
46.81
42.86
13 Anutsaha Treated
Control
31
36
15
20
16
16
51.61
44.44
14 Sakashta Maithun Treated
Control
09
06
07
06
02
00
22.22
00.00
15 Durbalata Treated
Control
47
40
17
19
30
21
63.83
52.5
16 Durgandhi Sharir Treated
Control
18
10
12
09
06
01
33.33
10
17 Svedadhikya Treated
Control
45
34
16
17
29
17
64.44
50.00
Table -2: Showing Effect of Therapy on Dosha Vriddhi Lakshana Score in 40 Patients of Sthula
Madhumeha
SN Dosha Vridhhi Lakshana Symptom score Percentage of
ReliefTreated Group Control Group
B.T. A.T. Diff B.T. A.T. Diff T.G. C.G.
1
A
Vata Vriddhi Lakshana
Bhrama 12 04 08 14 10 04 66.67 28.57
2
A
Pitta Vriddhi Lakshana
Shita Kamita 28 18 10 24 19 05 35.71 20.83
3
A
B
C
D
E
Kapha Vriddhi Lakshana
Gauravam
Sada
Tandra
Shvasa
Atinidra
14
14
24
30
30
10
10
11
24
18
04
04
13
06
12
14
12
14
33
32
12
10
09
29
28
02
02
05
04
04
57
28.57
54.17
20
40
14.29
16.66
35.71
12.12
12.5
4 Total of Kapha Vriddhi
Lakshana
112 73 39 105 88 17 34.82 16.19
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 123
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
Table -3: Showing Effect of Therapy on Dhatu Dushti Lakshana in 40 Patients of Sthula Madhumeha
S.
N.
Dhatu Dushti Lakshana Symptom score Percentage of
ReliefTreated Group Control Group
B.T. A.T. Diff B.T. A.T. Diff T.G. C.G.
A Rasa Dhatu
1. Asya Vairasya 24 11 13 26 20 06 54.17 23.077
2 Gaurav 14 10 04 14 12 02 57 14.28
3 Tandra 24 11 13 14 09 05 54.17 35.17
4 Angamard 12 08 04 08 07 01 33.33 12.5
5 Srotorodha 20 14 06 20 18 02 30 10
6 Klaibya 09 07 02 06 06 0 22.22 0
7 Sada 14 10 04 12 10 02 28.57 16.67
8 Wrinkles on Skin 12 09 03 08 07 01 25 12.5
9 Total score 129 80 49 108 89 19 37.98 17.59
B 1 Meda Dhatu
Udar Stana Chala Sphik 47 25 22 42 34 18 48 42
2 Nirutsaha 31 15 16 37 20 17 51.61 45.95
C1 Majja Dhatu
Bhrama 12 04 08 14 10 04 66.67 28.57
D1 Shukra Dhatu
Klaibya 09 07 02 06 06 00 22.22 0
Table 4: Showing Effect of Therapy on Weight & BMI of 40 Patients of Sthula Madhumeha
S.N. Parameters Groups Mean ± SD Diff. Of
Mean ±
SD
SEd T P
BT AT
1 Weight in kg Treated 70.15 ±11.86
68.25 ±11.94
1.9 ± 0.72 0.16140 11.7719
<0.001
Control 65.25 ±11.93
63.87 ±11.97
1.38 ±0.65
0.145 9.2 <0.001
2 BMI in kg/m2 Treated 29.60 ±
3.91
28.62 ±
3.822
0.98 ±
0.620
0.13825 7.099 <0.001
Control 27.87 ±
3.799
27.240 ±
3.623
0.630 ±
0.370
0.083 7.6265 <0.001
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September124
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 125
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
Ashish A. Thatere, Vidya B. Wasnik, Kabra. P. R, Management of Sthula Madhumeha with Ghanasatva of Kadar, Khadir & Guggulu-A Clinical Study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.118-126 118-126pp
Table 9: Showing Total Effect of Therapy on 40 Patients of Sthula Madhumeha
S.N. Total Effect of Therapy Groups Total no. of Patients Percentage
1 Cured Treated 00 00
Control 00 00
2 Markedly Improved Treated 13 65
Control 10 50
3 Improved Treated 07 35
Control 09 45
4 Unchanged Treated 00 00
Control 01 05
5 LAMA Treated 00 00
Control 00 00
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September126
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
Brahmi Taila Shiroabhyanga Chittodwegain
(Anxiety Neurosis)Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari , KSR Prasad
1 2
UG scholar MGACH&RC [[email protected]], Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma,
MGACH&RC,Wardha, MS [[email protected]]
1 , 2
JISM1411H Received: May 1, 2014; Accepted: September 14, 2014
Abstract:
Keywords:
Anxiety is arguably an emotion that predates the evolution of man. Its ubiquity in humans, and its presence in a
range of anxiety disorders, makes it an important clinical focus. Neurotic disorders are basically related to stress,
reaction to stress (usually maladaptive) and individual proneness to anxiety. Interestingly, both stress and coping
have a close association with socio-cultural factors. Anxiety has been defined as an unpleasant emotion that is
characterized by feelings of dread, worry, nervousness or fear etc. and when a neurotic disorder is associated, it is
termed as anxiety neurosis. Ayurveda describes (Anxiety) among revalence rate
higher in women than men. The present study accounts sleep anxiety, disturbances,
restlessness, fear, depression, along with blood pressure undertaken
in reliving anxiety. A head massage once periodicaly on 30 patients,
relived stress and patient felt comfortable in all symptoms presented, with a mean gradation of anxiety reduction
to 1.6. (53.2%) which was statistically highly significant (<0.001). Hence it was concluded that,
Anxiety,Anxiety neurosis, sleep, ,
chattodwega
Brahmi taila shiroabhyanga
Chittodwega, Manasaroga, Shirobhyanga
Manas roga.
Brahmi taila
shiroabhyanga
P of
Anxiety is said to be
changes in . The study has been to evaluate
the role of
was beneficial in alleviating anxiety.
How to cite the article:Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari, KSR Prasad, Brahmi tail Shiroabhyanga in Chittodwega (Anxiety Neurosis),J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.127-131
Introduction:-
Anxiety is arguably an emotion that predates
the evolution of man. Its ubiquity in humans, and its
presence in a range of anxiety disorders, makes it an
important clinical focus [1]. Developments in
nosology (Nasal Medications), epidemiology and
psychobiology have led to significant advancement
in our understanding of the anxiety disorders in
recent years [2]. Advances in pharmacotherapy and
psychotherapy of these disorders have brought
realistic hope for relief of symptoms and
improvement in functioning to patients.
Indian continent made its top place in the
past with its knowledge and philosophy. Present
scenario is to imitate the west for beautification and
lifestyle. This situation pushes us in to psycho
somatic / psychological disorders like anxiety, stress,
-
etc. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Prevalence is
about 2-4% in normal population, this constituted
25-30% of psychiatric out patients [3]. The lifetime
prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress
among adolescents and young adults around the
world is currently estimated to range from 5% to
70%, with an Indian study reporting no depression
among college going adolescents. Detecting
depressive, anxiety, and stress-related symptoms in
the college population is a critical preventive
strategy, which can help in preventing disruption to
the learning process. Health policies must integrate
young adults' depression, stress, and anxiety as a
disorder of public health significance [4].
The ever growing stress and strain in life
lead to deterioration in various mental and
physiological functions of body, causing
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 127
Original Article
psychological disorders like anxiety neurosis.
Anxiety has been defined as an unpleasant emotion
that is characterised by feelings of dread, worry,
nervousness or fear etc.And when a neurotic disorder
is associated with it becomes anxiety neurosis [5].
Neurotic disorders are basically related to
stress, reaction to stress (usually maladaptive) and
individual proneness to anxiety. Interestingly, both
stress and coping have a close association with socio-
cultural factors. Culture can effect symptom
presentation, explanation of the illness and help
seeking [6].
Charaka samhita mentions ' ' as a
. plays
an effective role in as is a herb
for calming brain and nervous system. is a
brain tonic and enhances memory, intelligence and
longevity [7]. Detecting depressive, anxiety, and
stress-related symptoms in the college population is a
critical preventive strategy, which can help in
preventing disruption to the learning process. Health
policies must integrate young adults' depression,
stress, and anxiety as a disorder of public health
significance [8].
Anxiety is defined as a subjective feeling of
apprehension or dread about the present or the past
accompanied by a number of autonomic and somatic
signs and symptoms. It is the feeling of fear with no
adequate causeAnxiety is the commonest psychiatric
symptom in clinical practice and anxiety disorders
are one of the commonest psychiatric disorders in
general population [9].
To study the efficacy of
(GeneralizedAnxiety Disorder)
Anxiety that is generalized and persistent but
not restricted to, or even strongly predominating in,
any particular environmental circumstances (i.e. it is
"free-floating"). The dominant symptoms are
variable but include complaints of persistent
Chittodvega
Manasika Vikara Brahmi Tail Shiroabhyanga
Chittodwega Brahmi
Brahmi
- Brahmi Taila Shirobhyanga
in Chittodvega
Objectives
ICD F41.1 - Generalized anxiety disorder
(Chiitodwega) [10]:
nervousness, trembling, muscular tensions,
sweating, lightheadedness, palpitations, dizziness,
and epigastric discomfort. Fears that the patient or a
relative will shortly become ill or have an accident
are often expressed. Excludes: neurasthenia (F48.0)
drugs helps to attain
longevity, memory, intellect, youth, Excellence of
luster, complexion and voice, excellent potentiality
to all body and sense organs. drugs
mentioned in the classics have an effective action
over mind and GAD [11]. (
) [12] is one such drug,
significantly decreased whole brain acetyl
cholinesterase activity. BR might prove to be a useful
memory restorative agent in the treatment of
dementia seen in elderly. has an action
against decreasing anxiety too. It is not only
anxiolytic but also anti depressant [13]. In the
present study is used in the form of for
head massage.
Patients suffering from
MGAC&RC,
Wardha, Maharastra
30 Patients
Head massage once in
every 3 days for15minutes in 5 patterns(oilonthe
scalp palm massage, finger massage, combing back
head massage, see fig-1) is done for 7 sittings.
� uncontrolled diabetes mellitus,
hyper tension and other systemic diseases.
� suffering from other psychiatric illnesses
(F48.0)
�Patients suffering from organic brain diseases.
� Patients suffering from complications of substance
abuses.
�Subjectsbetweentheage20-50years irrespective of
gender and socioeconomic status.
� The subjects who are ready to sign the informed
consent form
Medhya Rasayana
Medhya
Brahmi Bacopa
monnieri Medhya
Brahmi
Brahmi Taila
Material & Methods
Source of the Data:
Sample size:
Study Duration & Plan:
Exclusion criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
Chittodvega
Chittodwega.
attending the hospital of
Patients with
-
Patients
� Patient suffering from clinical signs and
symptoms of
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September128
Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari, KSR Prasad, Brahmi tail Shiroabhyanga in Chittodwega (Anxiety Neurosis), pp.127-131
Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari, KSR Prasad, Brahmi tail Shiroabhyanga in Chittodwega (Anxiety Neurosis), pp.127-131
Parameter Before After % relief T value P value Sig.
Restlessness 3.1 1.3 58.2 5.5 <0.001 HS
Anxiety 3.5 1.6 53.2 7.76 <0.001 HS
Loss of sleep 3.4 0.9 74.04 7.14 <0.001 HS
Hamilton Anxiety
scale
30.5 21.7 28.7 3.3 <0.05 HS
Table 1: Data showing parameters of anxiety before and after study
Fig 2: Outcomes of the
i n t e r v e n t i o n w e r eFig 3: Improvement in the study
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 129
Assessment criteria:
Material:
.)
.)
� Subjective Parameters: Restlessness,Anxiety, Loss
of sleep
�Objective parameters:Hamilton Anxiety Scale
� prepared in MGACHR&C pharmacy
with (Bacopa monnieri Linn and
(oilof SesamumindicumLinn in method.
BrahmiTaila
Bhrahmi Tila Taila
Tailapaka
Improvement:
Improvement Patients %
Very Good [70-100%] 18 60.0
Good [40-70%] 10 33.34
Minimum [30-40%] 1 3.33
No relief [0-10%] 1 3.33
Total 30 100
Table 2: Improvement of the study Brahmi tail
shiroabhyanga in chattodwega(Anxiety Neurosis)
Results:
Outcomes of the intervention were assessed
by using, signs and symptoms score, Hamilton
Anxiety rating scales. Significance is calculated
through Mean scores noted before and after the
treatment for relief in percentage.
Mean gradation of anxiety before
treatment was 3.5 and after the treatment it reduced to
1.6. This reduction of 53.2% was statistically
significant (<0.001). Hamilton Anxiety scale was
30.5 and after completion of course it reduced to 21.7,
with a reduction of 28.7% was statistically significant
(<0.05) (table-1, fig-2). The overall result of the
expresses statistical
Restlessness
observed before the treatment was 3.1 and after
the completion of the treatment mean was 1.3
(58.2%) relief, which is statistically significant
(<0.001).
Brahmi taila shirobhyanga
significance and clinically satisfaction (table-2, fig-
3) with 60% very good and 34% good results. No
adverse reaction or complaints received during the
treatment.
:
In the present study (
(Linn.) is a brain tonic and enhances memory,
intelligence and longevity, has been used for
. It has other effects such as
pacification of vitiated and skin diseases,
neuralgia, inflammations, epilepsy, insanity, ulcers,
splenomegali, flatulence, fever, and general debility.
plays an effective role
in as is an herb for calming
brain and nervous system. The method
enriches the alkaloid content of , so the
penetrability of oil through the high vascular scalp is
more than normal estimated 2%.
Anxiety has been defined as an unpleasant
emotion described by Ayurveda as and
chattodwega. The present study undertaken with
showed significant in
sleep disturbances, restlessness, fear, depression,
and anxiety. A head massage once in every 3 days
for 15 minutes in 5 patterns is done for 7 sittings on
30 patients. All the subjects were relived from stress
and felt comfortable with good sleep patterns from
the first sitting onwards. The mean gradation of
anxiety was 3.5 and after the treatment it reduced to
1.6. This reduction of 53.2% was statistically highly
significant (<0.001). Hence it can be recommended
that
Discussion
Conclusion:
References
Brahmi Bacopa monnieri
S
Vata Pitta,
Brahmi Taila Shiroabhyanga
Chittodwega Brahmi
Tailapaka
Brahmi
Manas roga
Brahmi Taila Shiroabhyanga
hiroabhyanga
Brahmi Taila Shiroabhyanga is benificial in
treatingAnxiety neurosis and related disorders.
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Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari, KSR Prasad, Brahmi tail Shiroabhyanga in Chittodwega (Anxiety Neurosis), pp.127-131
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edition 2005, Chaukambha Orientalia P.B.No 1032.Gokul
Bhawan, K 37/109, Gopal Mandir Lane Golghar-
Maidagin Varanasi 221001.
[12] Hanumanthachar Joshi and Milind Parle, Evid Based
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7985.,Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC1375237/
[13]Yogesh S Deole, BK Ashok, Vinay Shukla, B
Ravishankar, HM Chandola, Psycho-Pharmacological
study on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Brahmi
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Madhavika Prakash Chaudhari, KSR Prasad, Brahmi tail Shiroabhyanga in Chittodwega (Anxiety Neurosis), pp.127-131
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
Role of inShigru Twak Kwatha Amavata
Sadhana Misar (Wajpeyi)
Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College,
Hospital & Research Center, Salod (H), Wardha. ( )
J
ISM1 H416 Received: May 25, 2013; Accepted: September 14, 2014
How to cite the article: Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014,pp.132-138
Abstract
Key words: s
The main pathological factors in the development of this disease are and . Clinically it can be correlated
to Rheumatoid Arthritis. Due to present lifestyle, prevalence of is increasing. The present study
comprised of 60 patients, divided in three groups, each containing 20 patients, Group A (n=20) were given
, Group B (n=20) were given and Group C (n=20) were given
for one month. On analysis of the results, it was found that provided better results as
compared to and in management of . The therapy with
not only helps in reducing the signs and symptoms of but also corrects the pathogenesis of
. In conclusion comparison of therapies i.e. and tablet
Nimesulide revealed that in all respects proved to be a better choice in the treatment of
patients.
Ama Vata
Amavata
Shigru Twak Kwath Simhanad Guggul Nimesulide
Shigru Twak Kwath
Simhanad Guggul Nimesulide Amavata Shigru Twak
Kwath Amavata
Amavata Shigru Twak Kwath, Sinhanad Guggul
Shigru Twak Kwath
Amavata
- Amavata, Rheumatoid arthritis, Shigru Twak Kwath, Simhanad Guggulu
Introduction
Amavata
Ama Vata . Ama apakwa
rasa dhatu
Agnimandya .
Ama
sandhies
Amavata .
rheumatoid arthritis
is a most common inflammatory
arthritis.chronic inflammatory joint disease with
multisystem involvement. It is supposed to be an
incurable and one of the most crippling diseases. The
main pathological factors in the development of this
disease are and [1] is a ,
undigested and fermented which is
produced in the body due to [ 2,3] This
circulates in the body and gets located in the
(joints) causing pain, stiffness and swelling
over the joints. Madhavkara was the first who
described the etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and
types of ss for the term coined [4]
Clinically it can be correlated to
which is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune
disease involving multiple joints. Due to present
lifestylesedentary lifestyle, prevalence of many
diseases is increasing and is not an
exception to this. affects
approximately 0.5 to 1% of the adult population
worldwide. The figure of prevalence vary
substantially ranging from 0.3% to 2.1% of the
population[5] All over the world an enormous
amount of research work has been done [6 to 13].
Some effective drugs have also been searched but
none of them can be considered as specific. In modern
medicine the treatment of the disease includes
steroids and immunomodulatory drugs along with
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[14]. Long
term use of these drugs have many adverse effects on
the body and there is obvious need for effective
Amavata
Rheumatiod arthritis
.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September132
Original Article
treatment for In various literature
like
properties of
have been described as
and Treatment of according to
Ayurvedic Classics is carried out as -
and [15] Property of
comprises of
dru processing these properties is ideal in ,
and other [16,17] Hence present study
was planned to evaluate and compare the efficiency
and role of
and tablet Nimesulide patients in
The study was carried out at Department
, Vidarbha Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,
Amravati. Patients were selected randomly from
O.P.D. as well as I.P.D. The study comprised of 60
patients, which were randomly divided in three
groups Group A (n=20), Group B (n=20), Group C
(n=20) were given
and tab Nimesulide respectively Group A
patients were given 100ml 3
times a day, Group B were given
250mg 3 times a day, Group C were given Nimesulide
tablet 100mg twice a day
Group A=Patients were given
100ml 3 times a day .
Group B=Patients were given
250mg 3 times a day.
Group C=Patients were given tablet
100mg twice a day . All the patients were explained
the purpose of the study, a proper consent of patient
was obtained. Assessment of the progress of the
disease was entered into specially prepared proforma.
The patients presenting with signs
and symptoms as per were
preferentially considered. The criteria set up by the
Amavata. Ayurveda
Bhavaprakash, Shushrut Samhita, Vagbhat
Samhita, Dhanvantari Nighantu Shigru
Deepan, Pachan, Shothahar
Shoolahara. Amavata
Langhan,
Swedan, Tikta, Katu ,Deepan Drugs, Virechan,
Snehapan Basti . Shigru
Tikta, Katu Ras, Laghu, Ruksha Gun,
Ushna, Virya, Nand, Katu, Vipaka Deepan, Pachan,
g Amavata
Vata Vyadhies .
Shigru Twak Kwath, Simhanad Guggul
Amavata.
Kayachikitsa
Shigru Twak Kwath, Simhanad
Guggul
Shigru Twak Kwath
Simhanad Guggul
.
Shigru Twak
Kwath
Sinhanad Guggul
Nimesulide
Madhav Nidana
Material and Methods
Inclusion Criteria
ARA 1988 were also taken into consideration as
follows Morning stiffness lasting for >1 hour,
Arthritis of three or more joints, Arthritis of hand
joints, Symmetrical Arthritis, Presence of
Rheumatoid nodules, Presence of Rheumatoid
factors (RA factor), Radiological changes, Duration
>=6 weeks, First four criteria must be present for
duration of 6 weeks or more, Diagnosis of
Rheumatoid arthritis was made with four or more
criteria .[18]
Patients suffering from hypertention,
diabetes mellitus, traumatic or infective joints,
ischemic heart disease, tuberculosis and other
systemic disorders,
Chronicity for more than 10 years, Having severe
crippling deformity and
Irregular follow up were excluded.
All the patients were screened for
investigations like Hb%, TLC, DLC, ESR, RA
factor, urine routine examination, ASO titer before
and after treatment. Observations were recorded in
the tabular form and thereafter results were worked
out.[19]
The was prepared from
fresh bark . Prepared was given to the
patients three times a day that is 8 hourly. Every time
a fresh was prepared and was administered in
lukewarm state.
was prepared by the
method given inAyurvedic Classics [21]
Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drug of the sulphonanilide class.[22]
1) -
In case of big joints of the lower limbs the
patients were asked to walk. If not, asked to move the
joint. For the joints of the upper limbs , patients were
Shigru Twak Kwath
Shigru
Kwath
Simhanad Guggul
Exclusion criteria:
Investigations:
Preparation of :
Preparation of
ClinicalAssessment
Joint pain
Shigru Twak Kwath
Simhanad Guggul:
[20]
133Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, pp.132-138
asked whether they can work with the affected limb
joints, if not, asked to move the joint. Grading of pain
was done as follows :
1. Severe pain Pain so severe that patient
could not move the joint at all.
2. Moderate pain Patient could not work or
walk but some movement of joint was possible (
movement was very painful )
3. Mild pain Patient could walk or work and
the pain was bearable.
The severity of pain at “0” day was
considered to be 100%. Then at 1 , 2 , 3 and 4
week the reduction of pain was noted as 25% , 50% ,
75% and 100% reduction with reference to “0” day ,
as described by the patient.
2)
Joint tenderness was recorded with the help
of sphygmomanometer and a 10 ml. syringe. The
sphygmomanometer cuff was removed and the
nozzle of the syringe, the piston fully withdrawn till
the graduated marking was connected to the tubing of
the sphygmomanometer ( mercury column ).
The point over the affected joint which was
most tender was selected and the particular joint
tested was noted in the case sheet of the patient. The
base of the piston of the fully withdrawn syringe was
kept on the selected tender point and the barrel was
pushed against the joint as a result this causes
pressure over the affected joint and patient starts
feeling pain as the pressure is increased. At the same
time the air in the syringe raises the mercury column
in the sphygmomanometer. The sphygmomanometer
reading where the patient starts, feeling pain was
recorded. As it signifies initiation of tenderness such
3 readings were taken at the same point in the samse
joint in one sitting. Average of the three was recorded
in the case sheet of the patient. The test was carried
out in the same joint after completion of the
treatment.
3)
This is useful to assess the functional power
st nd rd th
Joint Tenderness
Grip Power
of wrist and smaller joints of the hands. For this the
patient is asked to press the inflated cuff of
sphygmomanometer with one hand at a time.
Reading was taken before treatment ( 0'day ) , 1
week , 2 week, 3 week , 4 week. When after
treatment the reading was increased by +10 mm Hg a
power of wrist and smaller joints was considered to
be improved.
4)
Morning stiffness was assessed by asking the
patient to walk fixed distance (50 feet) and the time
was noted in seconds. Reading was taken before
treatment ( 0'day ), 1 week, 2 week, 3 week, 4
week. It was considered to be improved. When there
was decrease in time for at least 5 sec. after the
treatment.
5)
The measurement of the joint
swelling was done on the first visit of the patient. The
circumference of the affected joint was measured in
the centimeters at the broadest part. After 1 , 2 , 3
and 4 week the same joint was measured at the same
broadest part. The percent reduction of swelling was
calculated.
6)
This was estimated by measuring the
degree of limitation based on comparison with the
normal joint. In this active as well as passive
movements were recorded. For actual range of
movement “Goniometer” can be used.
7)
This was done by feeling the
temperature of normal part and soon after the affected
part with the help of dorsum of the hand. It was
labeled either normal or raised.
8)
This is useful to assess the functional states
of shoulder, elbow and wrist joint. For this the patient
was asked to press the inflated cuff of
sphygmomanometer by both hands. Readings were
taken before treatment ( 0'day ), 1 week, 2 week, 3
st
nd rd th
st nd rd th
st nd rd
th
st nd rd
Morning Stiffness
Joint Swelling
Range of Movement
Local temperature of Joint
Pressing power
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September134
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, pp.132-138
week, 4 week. It was considered to be improved
when increased by +10 mm of Hg.
The obtained information was analyzed
statistically. Student's paired 't' test was applied to
assess the statistical significance of results of different
therapies before and after treatment .The level of
statistical significance was judged as per the 'p' values
as given below
a)p>=0.05 Not significant
b)p<0.05 significant
c)p<0.01 highly significant
Table 1 shows effect of different parameters like joint
swelling, tenderness, grip power, pressing power &
walking time. It is seen that Group A is showing
highly significant effects on all parameters.
Table 2 is showing comparative percent relief (No. of
patients) in signs & symptoms. Group A is seen to
have about 80-90% relief in all symptoms as against
saganst Group B & C .
The basic pathology in the is the
formation of in the body due to
followed by vitiation of all the three ,
predominantly [23].
properties,
hence it has
properties which help in breaking
pathogenesis of [24 to 29]. Due to
property it corrects It also
digests and reduces excessive
removing the obstruction of
removes
the adhered from [30].
Out of 60 patients studied, the maximum no.
of patients (53.33%) belonged to 30 40 yrs. of age
group. It was more frequently observed in females
(65%)[31] It was observed that urban population was
th
Statistical methods used
Result
DISCUSSION
Amavata
Ama Agnimandya
Doshas
Vata Shigru has Katu Tikta Rasa,
Laghu Ruksha Guna, Ushna Virya, Katu Vipaka,
Deepan, Pachan, Shothahar and Shulahar
Amapachan, Vata Kapha Shamaka,
Strotoshodhaka
Amavata
Agnivardhak Agnimandya.
Amarasa Kapha,
Strotasas. Lekhana
Karma of Laghu, Ruksha Guna and Tikta Ras
Doshas Dushita Strotas
.
more affected (63.33%), maximum patients
(73.33%) were from middle socioeconomic group.
Maximum no. of patients (55%) were having
and (65%). It was
found that in Group A 11 patients (55%) got 50%
relief from severe pain whereas in Group B and C, 9
patients (45%) and 12 patients (60%) got relief from
severe pain. Reduction of local temperature temp. of
joints was better with Group A than Group B and C.
The improvement in range of joint movement was
more in Group A (65%) than Group B (30%) and
Group C (60%). Joint swelling revealed that Group
A had highly significant 't' (5.36) and 'p' (p > 0.01)
values as against moderately significant values
found in Group C ( t=2.63 and p < 0.05) and non
significant values (t=2.06 and p >= .05) found in
Group B. Grip power results showed highly
significant values (t=4.2 and p < 0.01 ) in Group A
than Group B (t=2.01 and p>=0.05) and Group C
(t=2.95 and p<0.05). Pressing power results showed
highly significant values in Group A (t=5.51 and
p<0.01) and Group C (t=4.16 and p<0.01) and non
significant values in Group B (t=2.5 and p>0.05).
Walking time assessment for lower limb joints 't' and
'p' values were highly significant in Group A (t=5.49
and p<0.01), significant in Group C (t=2.81 and
p<0.05) and non significant in Group B (t=2.00 and
p>= 0.05).
Mean Hb% improvement was more than 1
gm% as compared to 0.05 gm% and 0.04 gm % mean
rise in Group B and Group C respectively.
Measurable fall in ESR (Mean 20 mm/hr.) was seen
in Group A indicating good prognosis with its
undoubted anti inflammatory property. RA test
response was non conclusive in all the three groups
because of shorter duration of treatment. ASO titer
was not found positive in this study. Out of the
symptoms studied i.e.
Vatakaphaja prakruti Mandagni
Aruchi, Agnimandya,
Trishna, Alasyam, Gauravam, Jwar, Apak,
Angamarda, Sandhishotha, Sandhishool,
Sandhigraha, Bahumutrata, Nidraviparya,
135Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, pp.132-138
Malavaddhata, Shigru Twak Kwata
Shigru
Shigru Twak Kwath
.
Shigru Twak
Kwath
Amavata
Shigru Twak Kwath
Amavata
Amavata
Shigru Twak Kwath, Sinhanad Guggul
Shigru Twak Kwath
Amavata
etc. in the group
percent relief (no. of patients) in signs and symptoms
was highest about 80 90% whereas in Group C it was
60 70%.
is freely available everywhere at no
cost. It can be also stated that has
negligible side effects as compared to those of tablet
Nimesulide such as nausea, gastric irritation,
vomiting, peptic ulceration, hypersensitivity,
etc.[32] It is further recommended that long term
studies will confirm the efficacy of
over Nimesulide in respect to the recurrence
of the disease after stoppage of treatment and
prevention of long term complications of
such as deformities, renal and respiratory
complications. The therapy with
not only helps in reducing the signs and symptoms of
but also corrects the pathogenesis of
.
In conclusion comparison of therapies i.e.
and tablet
Nimesulide revealed that in all
respects proved to be a better choice in the treatment
of patients.
Conclusion:
References:
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Part 1 ,Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2008,p.508
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H.Ralston, Davidson's Principles and Practice of
Medicine, 21st edition, 2010, p.1091
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September136
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, pp.132-138
137Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, pp.132-138
Table 2 : Comparative effects of the three drugs on different signs and symptoms in in
the studied groups
Amavata
1 : Effects of different Parameters Before treatment (B.T.) and After treatment (A.T.) with their
't' and 'p' values
Group A Group B Group C
Parameters B.T. A.T D t p B.T. A.T d t p B.T. A.T d t P
1 Swelling
in cms
(Mean +/-SEM)
18.3
±
0.74
16.1
±0.78
2.2
±0.41
5.36 P<0.01 18.1
±0.65
17.3
±0.76
0.8
±0.38
2.06 p=0.05 17.9
±0.65
16.9
±0.47
1
±0.38
2.63 P<0.05
2 Tenderness
in mm of
Hg(mean)
60.7
±2.96
74.9
±4.39
14.2
±2.56
5.54 P<0.01 54.9
±3.78
63.1
±4.75
8.2
±2.41
3.4o p=0.05 61.7
±3.81
71.7
±3.62
9.4
±2.45
3.83 P<0.05
3 Grip
Power inmm of
Hg(mean)
28.72
±1.18
36.63
±1.61
4.9
±1.15
4.2 P<0.01 31.16
±1.58
32.5
±1.5
1.33
±0.66
2.01 p=0.05 31.4
±1.68
35
±2.35
3.6
±2.35
2.95 P<0.05
4 Pressing
Power in
mm ofHg(mean)
39.6
±0.74
46
±1.26
6.4
±1.16
5.51 P<0.01 40
±1.15
43.33
±0.66
3.33
±1.33
2.5 p=0.05 38.66
±1.76
46
±1.15
7.33
±1.76
4.16 P<0.05
5 Walking
Time in
Sec.(mean)
25
±0.7
20
±0.81
5
0.81
5.49 P<0.01 23.6
±1.28
21.8
±1.74
1.8
±0.91
2 p=0.05 24
±0.53
21.57
±0.09
2.42
±0.86
2.81 P<0.05
Group A Group B Group C
Signs &Symptoms
B. T.(no of
pts.)
A.T.(no
ofpts)
% relief(no of
pts)
B. T.(no of
pts.)
A.T.(no of
pts)
% relief(no of
pts)
B. T.(no of
pts.)
A.T.(no of
pts)
% relief(no of
pts)
1 Aruchi 18 3 83.33% 17 5 70.58% 19 4 78.94%
2 Agnimandya 20 3 85% 19 4 78.94% 18 4 77.77%
3 Trishna 14 2 85.74% 12 5 58.33% 14 4 71.42%
4 Alasyam 19 4 78.94% 18 6 66.66% 17 5 70.585 Gauravam 16 3 81.25% 15 5 66.66% 17 4 76.47%
6 Jwar 18 0 100% 14 3 78.75% 16 0 100%
7 Apak 17 2 88.23% 18 4 77.77% 19 4 78.94%
8 Angamarda 19 3 84.21% 18 8 55.55% 18 4 77.77%
9 Sandhishoth 20 7 65% 20 12 40% 20 8 60%10 Sandhishool 20 1 95% 20 6 70% 20 2 90%
11 Sandhigraha 20 7 65% 20 14 30% 20 9 55%12 Bahumutrata 6 2 66.66% 5 3 40% 4 2 50%
13 Nidraviparya 16 4 75% 15 5 66.66% 14 4 71.42%14 Malabaddhata 10 2 80% 16 2 66.66% 8 4 50%
138 Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Sadhana Misar(Wajpeyi), Role of Shigru Twak Kwatha in Amavata, pp.132-138
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Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
Importance of Stool Examination in BabiesSagar M. Bhinde
I/C Head & Assistant Professor, Dept. of Kaumarbhritya, G J Patel Institute of
Ayurved Studies & Research Center, New V V Nagar, Anand. ([email protected])JISM1417N Received: May 29, 2014;Accepted: September 14, 2014
Review Article
How to cite the article: Sagar M. Bhinde, Importance of Stool Examination in Babies, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.139-
142
Abstract:
Key Words:
Mala Pariksha
Samhita Kala
Mala Pariksha
Balaroga
Mala Pariksha
(stool examination) has been emphasized as important examination tool after the era of Acharya
Yogaratnakara. Before that, in , characteristic of stool has mentioned in scattered manner in the
symptomatology of various diseases. In clinical practice, the importance of has been declined
day by day due to the easy availability of other examination tool. But in pediatric age group it is still holding the
key role in the way of diagnosis. History taking doesn't have much importance in (pediatrics). Because
Pediatric group cannot complain their pain and discomfort and examiner should gather the information by
observation and examination only. So in this paper an attempt has been made to correlate the various stool
characteristics with condition of the baby.
, Baby's stool, Stool examination in InfantileAge Group
Introduction:
Aims and objectives:
Mala Pariksha
Ashtavidha
Pariksha
has been emphasized as
important examination tools since the era of Acharya
Yogaratnakara, during the discussion of
(eight fold examinations) [1]. Ailments of
Pediatric group are so difficult to diagnose, as baby
cannot complain their pain and discomfort. In such
kind of condition history taking could not be the best
way rather examination will be the choice to reached
to the confirm diagnosis. [2] Most new parents find
baby stool quite surprising. It has so many shades and
consistencies that even experienced parents may not
have seen them all. Thus an examination by doctor is
very important in the pediatrics. Various
characteristic of stool and health condition of baby
has been discussed in this paper. In infantile age
group one should very keen to differentiate the
physiological and pathological condition in various
areas including stool.
To understand the health conditions of a baby by
merely examine the stool.
Material & method:
Data and discussion:
Newborn stool (meconium): Photograph no 1
This article is purely based on information
which was collected through various authentic
books, journals, and internet. A critical review has
been done for this important issue.
It is easy way to examine the nappies of baby
to get all information regarding the color,
consistency and smell of the stool. The photographs
may give a better idea of what's normal and what's
not, especially when the baby is newborn. As
newborn grows, drinks breast milk or formula, and
starts eating solids. One should find out when not to
worry and when it's wise to be concerned. Some
important features of the stool have been discussed
underneath.
1.
Newborn's diaper may have greenish-black,
tarry, sticky stool that looks like motor oil. Since
meconium is made of amniotic fluid, mucus, skin
cells, and other substances ingested in utero, it
doesn't smell.After 2 to 4 days, stool becomes lighter
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 139
140 Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 2, April-June, 2014
in color (sort of an army green) and less sticky. This is
called transitional stool which is a sign that breast or
formula milk digestion started and intestinal tract is
okay.
2.
If baby is exclusively breastfed, stool will be
yellow or slightly green and have a mushy or creamy
consistency. always suggests the
healthy integrity of ones intestine. [3] It could be
runny enough to resemble diarrhea. Breastfed stool
typically looks like mustard and cheese mixed
together and may be dotted with little seed-like
flecks and smell isn't so bad. Still there are many
shades of normal in breastfed baby. If baby doesn't
experience any other symptoms, there's no need to
give medications.
Bright green and frothy stool might be due
to, too much foremilk (the low calorie milk that
comes first in a feeding) and not enough hindmilk
(the higher fat and super nutritious). It could mean
that mother is not feeding her baby, long enough on
each breast. Remedy to this, starting each feeding on
the breast ended upon.
Formula-fed babies have pasty, peanut
butter-like stool on the brown color spectrum: tan-
brown, yellow-brown, or green-brown. It's more
pungent than stool from breastfed babies and a little
less pungent than stool from babies who are eating
solid food.
If baby is on an iron supplement, his stool
may turn dark green or almost black. This doesn't
happen often, but it's a completely normal variation.
But if baby is not taking an iron supplement and still
stool looks blackish, then it could be melena.
Once baby start changing the input to solid
foods (rice cereal, pureed bananas and so on) almost
instantly a change in their output can be observed,
especially if baby is breastfed. Solid-food stool tends
to be brown or dark brown and thicker than peanut
butter, but still mushy. It's also smellier.
Healthy breastfed stool: Photograph no 2
3. Healthy formula fed stool: Photograph no 3
4. Iron-fortified stool: Photograph no 4
5. Solid-food stool: Photograph no 5
Nirama Mala
6. Stool with partially digested food:
Photograph no 6
7. Diarrhea: Photograph no 7
8. Constipation: Photograph no 8
Sama Mala
Stool will have identifiable chunks of food in
it or be tinged with a surprising hue of the rainbow,
like red, orange or dark blue. Red could mean beets,
orange suggests carrots, and dark blue implies grapes
(pieces of the skin of grapes could also be there). If
dropped in water, stool will sink to the bottom. This is
identified as . [4] It could happen because
certain foods are only partially digestible or travel so
quickly through the intestines that they don't break
down completely. It also happens when baby eats a
lot of one type of food or doesn't chew a mouthful
completely before he swallows. This all condition
could bring plenty of disease condition in adult, but
this could be normal in pediatric age group. The
matter of concern is if baby's stool consistently has
undigested food in it.
In babies, diarrhea is very runny and appears
to be made up of water more than solids. It can be
yellow, green, or brown and can seep out of the
diaper.
Diarrhea can be a sign of an infection or
allergy, and if it lasts for a while without being
treated, can lead to dehydration. The stages of
dehydration can change very rapidly in babies. if
baby is 3 months old or younger, has more than two
or three diarrhea-filled diapers,[5] or continues
having diarrhea for more than a day or two then it
must be taken seriously. It is matter of concern if
baby's diarrhea contains visible blood or mucus.
In constipated baby's stool will be hard and
looks like little pebbles. Baby may be visibly
uncomfortable when deficating and the stool may
even be tinged with blood from irritating the anus on
the way out. One or two pebbly diapers isn't a
concern, but if baby has three or more (or if bloody),
it's best to attend the problem immediately.
Constipation often happens in babies who are being
introduced to solid foods, or it can be a sign of milk or
soy protein sensitivity or a lack of tolerance to
Sagar M. Bhinde, Importance of Stool Examination in Babies, pp.139-142
something in breast milk or formula. It is
recommended giving water, juice or honey to move
things along.As per Ayurveda it can be taken as
aggravated stool. [6]
Greenish stool streaked with shiny,
glistening strings means there is mucus in it. Mucus in
stool is also a sign of an infection or allergy. If it's
accompanied by any other symptoms or shows up in
baby's diaper for two days or more, it is time to rule
out the problems.
Sometimes the blood in a baby's stool is bright red,
and sometimes it's black (which means it's been
digested). Bright red blood can show up in baby stool
for a few different reasons.
Normal stool tinged with red blood, which is often a
sign of a milk protein allergy
Constipated stool with a hint of red blood,
likely a result of tears in the anus or tiny hemorrhoids.
Diarrhea mixed with red blood, which can indicate a
bacterial infection.
When black blood appears in a baby's diaper
usually in little flecks that look like black sesame
seeds, it's often because the baby is breastfed and
swallowing blood from Mother's cracked and
bleeding nipples, it doesn't pose a threat to baby. Still,
doctor should make sure that, it's not something more
serious, like bleeding from baby's intestines.
:
The character of the stool in older children is
more variable than in adult. Some healthy children
pass frequent, loose stools containing undigested
vegetable matter 'toddler's diarrhea'. But the stool of
children with celiac disease or cystic fibrosis is bulky,
odoriferous and quite characteristic. [7] Thus it is very
important for a pediatrician to know that what is
normal and what is abnormal (alarming sign) in baby
regarding the stool. As initial one or two years of
postnatal life are main age for somatic growth, [8]
baby requires proportionally more intake during this.
That's why; Kashyapa has mentioned the
importance of food intake by telling
Vata
Acharya
Ahara
9. Stool with mucus: Photograph no 9
10. Bloody stool: Photograph no 10
Conclusion
Mahabhaishajam. [9] Amount of intake, Quality of
assimilation and status of intestine is very faithfully
understood by the examination of stool. Pediatrician
should neither act in hurry (in physiological
condition) nor delayed (in pathological condition) in
the disease of elementary canal. Thus stool
examination must be included in the routine practice
while examining the infants or young toddlers.
[1] Vaidhya Shree Lakshmipati Shastr i ,
'Yogaratnakara', Chaukhambha Prakashana Varanasi,
reprint 2012, Purvardha, Roginam Ashtasthana
Nirikshana, shloka No. 1; Page no. 5
[2]Pandita Hemaraja Sharma, 'Kashyapa Samhita',
Chaukhambha Sanskrita Samsthana Varanasi, reprint
2008, Sutra Sthana 25 Vedanadhyaya, Shloka No.
4; Page no. 33
[3] Acharya Sushruta, 'Sushruta Samhita', Dalhana
Commentary, edition-reprint 2009, Chaukhambha
Sanskrita Samsthana, Uttara tantra 40 - Atisara
Pratishedha, Shloka No. 18; Page no.698
[4] Acharya Sushruta, 'Sushruta Samhita', Dalhana
Commentary, edition-reprint 2009, Chaukhambha
Sanskrita Samsthana, Uttara tantra 40 - Atisara
Pratishedha, Shloka No. 17; Page no.698
[5] Nelson, 'Essentials of Pediatrics', 5 edition 2005,
Elsevier Publisher, Page no 587
[6] Vaidhya Shree Lakshmipati Shastr i ,
'Yogaratnakara', Chaukhambha Prakashana Varanasi,
reprint 2012, Purvardha, Mala Pariksha, shloka No.
1; Page no. 12
[7] Robert Hutchison, 'Clinical methods- a guide to
the practical study of medicine.' casell and company
limited, 22nd edition 2013, Page no.333
[8] O P Ghai, 'Essential Pediatrics', 6 edition; 2005,
Growth and development, Page no. 3
[9] Pandita Hemaraja Sharma, Kashyapa Samhita,
Chaukhambha Sanskrita Samsthana Varanasi, reprint
2008, Khila Sthana 4 - Yush Nirdeshniya, Shloka
No. 6; Page no.249
References:
th
th
th
th
th
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Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 141
Sagar M. Bhinde, Importance of Stool Examination in Babies, pp.139-142
Sagar M. Bhinde, Importance of Stool Examination in Babies, pp.139-142
Photograph no 1 Photograph no 2 Photograph no 3
Newborn stool (meconium) Healthy breastfed stool Healthy formula fed stool
Photograph no 4 Photograph no 5 Photograph no 6
Iron-fortified stool Solid-food stool Stool with partially digested food
Photograph no 7 Photograph no 8 Photograph no 9
Diarrhea Constipation Stool with mucus
Photograph no 10
Bloody stool
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September142
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
A Brief Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical
Researches on ( Linn.)Vacha Acorus calamusPravin Masram Dhiraj Singh Rajput
1 2
1
2 .
Ph.D.Scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya I.P.G.T. & RA Gujarat Ayurved
University Jamangar Gujarat, Asst Professor, Department of Rasashatra
And Bhaishajyakalpana, Ashwin Rural Ayurveda Collage and Hospital,
Manchi Hill Sangamner, MaharashtraJISM1410N Received:April 29, 2014;Accepted: September 14, 2014
Review Article
How to cite the article: Pravin Masram, Dhiraj Singh Rajput, A Brief review of pre-clinical and clinical researches on Vacha
(Acorus calamus Linn), J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.143-147
Abstract
.
Key words:
:
Linn. is a useful medicinal plant which gives benefit in different fields of medicines.
This herb is generally used from the Ancient and Vedic periods due to its wonderful power of rejuvenation of
brain, nervous system and normalizing the appetite. leaves and rhizomes have been used medicinally
against different ailments such as fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough and mainly for digestive problems such as gas,
bloating, colic, and poor digestive function has many wide varieties which were used in
different studies possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antiulcer,
antispasmodic, immunosuppressant and mitogen inhibitor activity. They were also used in the treatment of
simple diseases such as stomach cramps, toothache, colic, fever, throat irritation, and cough and also in the
treatment of the severe diseases like nephropathy, chronic diarrhea, tumors and epilepsy. Some research works
has been published on the beneficial effects of this drug. Hence in present study an attempt has been made and
review work has been carried out on various therapeutic aspect of
Vacha (Acorus calamus )
Vacha
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus.
Vacha, Acorus calamus, Pre-Clinical and Clinical researches
Introduction:
or sweet flag or bunch plant
has been known as medicinal plant since from ancient
period. It is one of the most utilized and valuable plant
in the Indian medical system almost throughout the
India. The word 'acorus' is originated from the Greek
divine word 'acoron' used by the Dioscorids derived
from the 'coreon' word means 'pupil' because it is used
in the treatment of eyes diseases and its inflammation
[1].
The rhizome is extensively used as nervine
tonic, hypotensive, sedative, analgesic, spasmolytic,
and anticonvulsant. It is also used for bronchial
catarrh; The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India
indicates the use of dried rhizomes as a brain tonic for
memory impairment and epilepsy [2] Wide range of
Acorus calamus
.
utility of this drug has attracted traditional as well as
modern researchers. There are numerous
formulations of found mentioned in
classical texts which indicated therapeutic
importance of this drug. Some research works are
also conducted and published on specific property of
Although such published works
have some limitations as they emphasis on single
property of test drug and it is well known truth that a
single drug can be utilized in treating various
ailments. According to various published research
works, Acorus calamus contain various active
constitutes which are beneficial as antibacterial,
antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory,
antihepatotoxic, antispasmodic, anti-diarrhoeal,
anticancer, bronchodilatory, anti-depressant and in
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 143
Pravin Masram, Dhiraj Singh Rajput, A Brief review of pre-clinical and clinical researches on Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn),pp.143-147
ischemic heart disease. Hence in present work an
attempt has been made to make a brief review on pre-
clinical and clinical research work done on
Present work will help in knowing wide
range of therapeutic properties of Acorus calamus
and will also establish importance of this valuable
drug in the field of medical science.
A brief review of pre-clinical and clinical
published research works done on
Linn has been collected, studied and the valuable
conclusions has been withdrawn. The compiled
information was interpreted with the therapeutic
properties of . mentioned in
Ayurvedic classics and the probable mode of action
with its significance is discussed to establish
therapeutic importance of this medicinal herb. An
attempt has also been made to establish the
pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic action based
on findings of research works and the phytoconstitute
present in .
According to an anti-microbial study, the leaf
and rhizome part of are found to
possess the antibacterial activity. The methanolic
extract of showed the inhibitory
action against the bacterial strains of
and [3] This
study supports the use of mentioned
in Ayurveda such as (anti-microbial) and
(anti-pyretic).
rhizomes has been reported to
possess the antifungal activity against the yeast strain
of ,
and also against
has been found to be
good inhibition on the fungi strains of
Acorus
calamus.
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus Calamus
Acorus Calamus
Salmonella
typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus .
Acorus calamus
Krimighna
Jwaraghna
Acorus Calamus
Candida Albicans Cryptococcus Neoformans,
Saccharomyces Cerevisae [4],
Aspergillus Niger [5].
Acorus calamus
Pencillium
Material and methods:
Antibacterial study:
Antifungal study:
An in-vitro study on β-asarone compound
fraction obtained from the crude methanolic extract of
The α- and β- asarone
compound which were isolated from the different
extracts of
Chrysogenum Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus
Flavus, Microsporum Canis
Cryptococcus Gastricus Candida Albicans [6]
Acorus calamus
Kushtha Acorus
calamus Tikta Katu Rasa, Katu Vipak
Ushna Virya.
Bhrajaka
Ranjaka Pitta Pitta Dosha
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus
calamus
Acorus calamus.
Acorus calamus
Acorus
calamus Tikta Rasa Medhya
Acorus calamus
Acorus
calamus
Acorus calamus
,
and yeast strain of
and
has been included as an ingredient in
many formulations indicated in treating various
(skin disease).As mentioned earlier,
is and in has
and All these properties are very useful
in restoring the malfunction of and
(types of which are
responsible for colour, appearance of skin and
normal formation of blood cells respectively). Thus
acts as good anti-fungal drug.
is widely used in the
treatment of diabetes in the traditional folk medicine
of America and Indonesia. A research work utilized
four fractions obtained from the radix of
to study insulin releasing or alpha-
glucosidase inhibitory action [7]. The ethyl acetate
fraction of has been found to
possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemia and other
beneficial effects through the mechanism of insulin
sensitizing and hence possess the great potential for
the treatment of diabetes and other cardiovascular
complications [8]. Use of for anti-
diabetic purpose is limited in Indian system of
medicine but utilized as nerve tonic and memory
enhancer. It is understood that properties of
such as and are good
anti-hyperglycemic effect and to prevent diabetic
neuropathy.
is a traditional remedy for
the inflammation problems but their biological
function in the human skin cells not well
characterized. In an anti-inflammatory study,
has been found to inhibit the expression of
polyI: C-induced IL-6 and IL-8 which indicates their
inhibitory effect on the expression of the cytokines
which were likely to be in association with the
suppression of NF- B activation and phospho-
rylation of IRF3 which shows can
Antidiabetic study:
Anti-inflammatory study:
κ
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September144
be used as a promising immunomodulatory agent in
the inflammatory skin diseases [9].
has been also found to have inflammatory activity in
the tested rat model of vincristine induced painful
neuropathy and chronic constriction injury induced
neuropathic pain in rats [10].
A research work had found that
possesses good anti-hepatotoxic activity.
According to this research work, the antihepatotoxic
activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant is due to
increase in the level of serum hepatic enzymes such as
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT),
glutamase pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin in tested models
which has in turn showed their recovery from
hepatocellular damage in the hepatotoxicity induced
animal model. This indicates the ethanol extract brings
the anti-lipid peroxidation and / or adaptive nature of
the systems against the free radicals damaging effect
[11].
An antispasmodic and anti-diarrheal study
was conducted in rabbits by using calcium channel
blockers. According to this study, in the isolated rabbit
jejunum preparation the crude extract (Ac. Cr), which
tested positive for the presence of alkaloid, saponins
and tannins, caused inhibition of spontaneous and high
K (80 mm) induced contractions, with respective EC
values of 0.42 ± 0.06 and 0.13 ± 0.04 mg/mL, thus
showing spasmolytic activity, mediated possibly
through calcium channel blockade (CCB). These
results suggest that the spasmolytic effect of the plant
extract is mediated through the presence of CCB-like
constituent(s) which is concentrated in the n-hexane
fraction and this study provides a strong mechanistic
base for its traditional use in gastrointestinal disorders
such as colic pain and diarrhea [12]. In Ayurvedic
classical texts is advised for
and which is equivalent to antispasmodic
and anti-diarrheal effect, but it can be interpreted that
possesses these activities but they are
not its main indications. There are other superior drugs
+
Acorus calamus
Acorus
calamus
Acorus calamus Vibandha
Udara Shula
Acorus calamus
Antihepatotoxic study:
Antispasmodic andAnti-diarrheal study:
50
than regarding these activities. It
may be the reason that is not much
utilized in Ayurveda for antispasmodic and anti-
diarrheal effect.
An anticancer study was done on the oil
obtained from Essential oil obtained
from this plant is b-asarone which is also responsible
for its anticarcinogenic activity [13].
In Ayurveda is clearly
indicated for cough and asthma. This claim is
supported by a recent study which was undertaken to
provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of
in airways disorders. For this
purpose isolated guinea-pig trachea and atria were
suspended in organ baths bubbled with carbogen and
mechanisms were found using different parameters.
Result shows crude extract of was
more effective than carbachol in causing relaxation of
high K (80 mM) preconstruction's, similar to
verapamil, suggesting blockade of calcium channels
[14].
memory enhancers is the main
indication of This drug is a very
vigorous brain tonic, because it shows results in a very
short time. A study on raditional Indian memory
enhancer herbs and their medicinal importance
showed that increases the overall
memory of the person and strengthens the nervous
system. In almost all studied civilizations, there have
been attempts to discover the best herbs for brain
enhancement with minimum side-effects. All the
herbs Ayurveda uses for its brain tonics have
minimum side-effects and are quite safe for the
human beings and is found one of the
best drugs among studied herbs [15].
In clinical trial on 45 patients of IHD at OPD
of S. S. Hospital BHU Varanasi the efficacy of the
drugs was tested. The patients were
Anticancer activity:
BronchodilatoryActivity
Memory enhancers:-
t
Clinical Study:
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD):
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus.
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Medhya ( )
Acorus calamus.
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
+
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Pravin Masram, Dhiraj Singh Rajput, A Brief review of pre-clinical and clinical researches on Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn),pp.143-147
145
randomly divided into three groups. The first group
was given trial drugs in the dose of 1.5-3 g/day in
divided dose for 3 months were given. The second
group was given purified (
(Arn.) Bhandari) in the dose of 9-6 mg/day in
divided dosages for 3 months while the third groups
was the controlled groups was given capsule
containing lactose powder for 3 months .There was
an encouraging improvement in the first group and
group. The drugs was found to effective in the
improvement of chest pain, dyspnea on effort,
reducing of the body weight index, improving ECG,
decreased serum cholesterol, decreased SLDL
(serum low density lipoproteins) and increased
SHDL(serum high density lipoproteins) [16].
In this clinical study fifty cases of
depression at OPD of the S.S Hospital BHU
Varanasi; (500 mg in doses of 2 tab
three time a day after meal with water) given for a six
weeks showed reduction in the degree of severity of
depression and better rehabilitation. There was also
a significant improvement in the assessment based
in the rating of symptoms on Hamilton depression
rating scale. The rate of improvement before and
after treatment was statically significant.(p<0.001)
[17]. This study strongly elaborates the classical
claim of as brain tonic.
Few herbs mentioned in classical texts are
found highly useful in treating large number of
different ailments. is one of such
herb. Classical texts have mentioned its properties in
brief but utilized this drug in numerous
formulations. The dried rhizomes of
is emetic, stomachic used in dyspepsia, colic and as
nerve tonic, It considered to passes antispasmodic,
carminatives, insect fuse and anthelmintic
properties and are used for the treatment of host
disease such as epilepsy and other mental ailments,
chronic diarrhea and dysentery, bronchial catarrh,
intermittent fever, snake bite and glandular and
abdominal tumors. It is also employed for kidney
Guggulu Commiphora
Wightii
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Depression:
Discussion:
and liver, troubles rheumatisms and eczema. The
rhizome is used in the form powder, balm, enemas,
and pills and also in ghee preparation. The skin of
rhizomes is said to hemostatic.
The above studies support that is the
good Ayurvedic herb for medicinal purpose.
is effective against bacteria and fungi and
can be used as antibacterial and antifungal drug.
is a very good brain tonic and
possesses significant memory enhancer effect.
Experimental studies indicate that is
useful in the diabetes, as an anti-inflammatory, in
IHD, Anti-cancer, anti-spasmodic, anti-bacterial,
bronchodilator, anti-hepatotoxic activity and in
depression. These all research works elaborates all
indications mentioned inAyurvedic classical texts.
[1] Divya G, Gajalakshmi S, Mythili S, Sathiavelu
A. Pharmacological activities of Acorus calamus: a
review: J Asian J Biochemical and Pharmace Rese
2011;4:1:2231-2560
[2] Khare CK. Indian Medicinal Plants, an
Illustrated Dictionary, Springer Science, Springer-
Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg 2008, p. 16.
[3] K. Pokharel, B.R. Dhungana, K.B. Tiwari & R.B.
Shahi., Antibacterial Activities of Some Indigenous
M e d i c i n a l P l a n t s o f N e p a l ,
http://kiranbabutiwari.blogspot.com/2008/07/antiba
cterial-of-some-html.
[4] Phongpaichit S, Pujenjob N, Rukachaisirikul V,
Ongsakul M. J Sci Technol 2005,27
[5] Tiwari N, ChaudharyA, MishraA, Bhatt G. Intern
J Chemi andAnal Sci. 2010:1:9::211
[6] Asha S, Deepak G. Antimicrobial activity of
Acorus calamus (L.) rhizome and leaf extract. Acta
Biologica ,2009;53:1:45
[7] M.M. Si , J.S. Lou, C.X. Zhou, J.N. Shen, H.H.
Wu, B.Yang, Q.J. He & H.S. Wu., Journal of
Ethanopharmacology., 2010, 128, 154.
[8] Wu HS, Zhu DF, Zhou CX, Feng CR, Y. Lou J,
Yang B. He QJ. J Ethnopharmacology. 2009;123:
288
Conclusions:
References:-
LAD
Vacha
Acorus
calamus
Acorus calamus
Acorus calamus
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Pravin Masram, Dhiraj Singh Rajput, A Brief review of pre-clinical and clinical researches on Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn),pp.143-147
146
[ 9 ] K i m a H , H a n b T H , L e e a S G . J
Enthanopharmocology. 2009:122:149
[10] Muthuraman A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Food and
Chemical Toxicology. J Complem and Altern Med.
2011;11:24
[11] Palani S, Raja S, Kumar P, Venkadesan D, Devi
K, Sivaraj A, Kumar S. Intern j Interg Biology,
2009;7:1:39.
[12] Gilani AH, Shah AJ, Ahmad M, Shaheen F.
Antispasmodic effect of acorus calamus Linn. in
rabbits mediated through calcium channel blockade.
Phytother Res 2006;20:1080-4
[13] S. Palani, S. Raja, P. Kumar, P. Parameswaran,
S. Kumar. Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 2010;
:52:89
[14] Nalamwar VP, Khadabadi SS, Aswar PB,
Kosalge SB, Rajurkar RM et al. In vitro licicidal
activity of different extracts of Acorus calamus
Linn. (Araceae) Rhizome. Int J Pharm Tech Res
2009;1:96-100.
[15] Debjit B, Chiranjib, Tiwari P, Tripathi KK,
Sampathkumar KP. Traditional Indian memory
enhancer herbs and their medicinal importance; J
Annals of Biological Res 2010;1:1:41-46
[16] Mamgain P, Singh RH. Control clinical trial of
the Lekhaniya drug Vaca (Acorus calamus) in case
of ischemic heart diseases. J Res Ayur Siddha
1994;15:35-51
[17]Tripathi AK, Singh RH. Clinical study on an
indigenous drug Vaca (Acorus calamus) in the
treatment of depressive illness. J Res Ayur Siddha
1995;16:24-34
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Pravin Masram, Dhiraj Singh Rajput, A Brief review of pre-clinical and clinical researches on Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn),pp.143-147
147
Carbon dating of Charaka Samhita
SRP Kethamakka
How to cite the article: SRP Kethamakka,J-ISM, V2 N , , pp.3 July-sept 2014 148-151
Carbon dating of Charaka Samhita
Head, Panchakarma, MGACH&RC, Salod (H), Wardha, (MS), [email protected]
JISM1437H Received: , 2014;Accepted: September 14, 2014September 8
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
It is all accepted fact that the Charaka
Samhita is the oldest Medical recordings of Indian
Heritage. The question is how old is it? Historians
date it to be very recent and of 2000 year old. But the
fact suggests different. Charaka (Agnivesha), when
records his first words of testimonials, states that the
first ever meeting of the health seekers / workers took
place at Himalayan province with the participation of
sages from all over world. He narrated the concepts of
Ayurveda in the form of conversations of the
participants and statements. One of such
conversational statement returns us to the dates of
Ayurveda development in Human Interface. Till that
time only the “ ” are known with this Medical
measures and the human are unaware. This is clear as
the “Bharadwaja” went to Indra (deity), as the sole
representative of the entire human race to learn the
Ayurveda, the Health science.
The propagation of Ayurveda in human races
are said to be at the early days of “ ” i.e.
Devata
Tretayuga
Propagation ofAyurveda in Human
approximately 14000 years back. To have
authenticity of this we refer the sentences used in
chapter as “
”. It states that, long back in the
diseases spread extensively and killed the huge
human population. Later on such incidents are not
seen. There were no mentions of
or even , anywhere in the
Charaka Samhita. With this we understand that the
era of human interface with Ayurveda first occurred
in early .
Another word here used is the Human
interface. Bharadwaja, who is the first Human
disciple of Indra, have no Prior Ayurveda learner
from the human race. The rest Dhanvantari
(Divodasa) and others learned Ayurveda in due
course from Indra and Bharadwaja, Punarvasu, etc.
The Indra of Veda times is a deity and later on it
became as a post by times and who ever
performs the 100 has the eligibility to
become “Indra” like Nahusha. Is the initial “Indra” is
Janapadodhwansa Dhrishyati
Kritayuge Kritayuga
Tretayuga,
Dwaparayuga Kaliyuga
Treatayuga
Purana
Yagnya
Review Article
Abstract:
Keywords:
Antiquity of the Ayurvedic literature available is not properly estimated by the scientific explanations of
present day. In fact, the Ayurveda, even ages back to millions of years and the Charaka Samhita, a
compendium of ancient Indian health information in the form of seminars, statements and discussions is
considered as oldest documentation, and is with a minimum of 14000 years old antiquity, based on the
astronomical references, ecological references,RemoteSensingpictures,oceanographic reports,paleobotanical
research, archaeological excavations and anthropological research reports establishing Indian mythology as
a fact.
Charaka Samhita. Antiquity, Ayurveda anthropology, manuscript
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September148
an Extra terrestrial?
Is this Ayurveda descending from extra
terrestrial or developed in Human knowledge?
Was it really happened 14000 years ago or
even long enough?
This age is based on evidence from
radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is
consistent with the ages of the oldest-known
terrestrial and lunar samples. Following the
scientific revolution and the development of
radiometric age dating, measurements of lead in
uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in
excess of a billion years old [1].
The , lasted from 65.5 ± 0.3 Ma
(ICS 2004) to 55.8 ± 0.2 Ma (ICS 2004). In many
ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had
begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the
Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward
their present positions.Supercontinent Laurasia had
not yet separated into three continents -
Europe and Greenland were still connected
North America and Asia were still intermittently
joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North
America were beginning to separate [2].
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years
(4.54 × 109 years ± 1%)
Paleocene
The Laramide orogeny of the late
Cretaceous continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains
in the American west, which ended in the succeeding
epoch. South and NorthAmerica remained separated
by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene);
the components of the former southern super-
continent Gondwanaland continued to split apart,
withAfrica, SouthAmerica,Antarctica andAustralia
pulling away from each other. Africa was heading
north towards Europe, slowly closing the Tethys
Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that
would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation
of the Himalayas [3].
During its long span of existence,
Gondwana, through movements that would have
been imperceptibly slow to the unaided human
senses, merged with a northern hemispheric land
mass, Laurasia, to form the super-continent Pangaea,
until the two masses gradually parted again. That is,
Gondwana existed both before the super-continent
Pangaea formed near the end of the Paleozoic era
(roughly 350 to 260 million years ago), and it
remained together, with some changes, after Pangaea
broke up during the Triassic and Jurassic periods of
the Mesozoic (with this rifting beginning about 208
million years ago). Gondwana itself began to break
up in the mid to late Jurassic period about 150 million
years ago [4].
The earliest phase of tectonic evolution was
marked by the cooling and solidification of the upper
crust of the earth surface in theArchaean era (prior to
2.5 billion years) which is represented by the
exposure of gneisses and granites especially on the
Peninsula. These form the core of the Indian craton.
The Aravalli Range is the remnant of an early
Proterozoic orogen called the Aravali-Delhi orogen
that joined the two older segments that make up the
Indian craton. It extends approximately 500
kilometres (311 mi) from its northern end to isolated
hills and rocky ridges into Haryana, ending near
Delhi [5].
149Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
SRP Kethamakka, Carbon dating of Charaka Samhita, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.148-151
It is clear that the history of present India is
long and started 140 million years ago as
“Jambudwipa” and float long time to join the present
Russia to form Himalayan range. The Indian time
calculation used delineated measures like Kalpa,
Manwantara, Mahayuga, Yuga, etc. The present
Kaliyuga 5114 years are part of one of such
Mahayuga and with its prior Krita, Treta and
Dwapara. With the fixation of present set yuga
timeline, we are clear to say the Ayurveda is older
then Ramayana. Historicity of Ramayana and
Mahabhart Eras are fixed in "Scientific Evidences
from the depths of Oceans to the Heights of the
Skies" which was held in New Delhi on 14th March,
2012, by ISERVE. The venue is placed in R.K. Sadan
of Kurukshetra University Campus. Ramayana time
is fixed by various aspects as 14000 years and even
older.
They are as follows.
i) in Rigveda
represent the sky view of dates belonging to the
period 8000 BC to 4000 BC and those mentioned in
Valmiki Ramayana refer to sky views seen
sequentially on dates around 5000 BC.
ii) in ancient books,
especially those relating to melting of glaciers and
fluctuations in water volumes of ancient rivers, seem
to corroborate such astronomical dates. Recent
research reports on paleoclimatic changes have
revealed that, after the last ice age and in the
beginning of the Holocene, the glaciers first melted
near the equator i.e. in south India, and civilization
started developing on the Banks of the rivers which
started flowing there. When populations multiplied,
these river waters became insufficient and some
more adventurous people started traveling from
south to north. Such northward migration continued
for several centuries and finally when these people
reached the banks of Himalayan Rivers, they got
climatic conditions conducive to long term
development of civilization on the banks of these
The astronomical references
The ecological references
rivers providing security of water, food and shelter.
This period starts from around 10000 BC and covered
Vedic and Ramayana eras.
iii) taken by ISRO,
corroborated by geological reports, have revealed
that a mighty river system, referred to in Vedas and
Epics as Saraswati, was flowing with full majesty
during Ramayana period i.e. around 6000- 4000 BC.
However this river system slowly started drying up
and almost disappeared around 3000 BC as in
Mahabharat it is stated to have disappeared near
Vinasan in Rajasthan. These conclusions have been
supported by sedimentology, hydrogeology and
drilling data. These conclusions not only support the
astronomical dates of Vedas and Epics but also
support such references in ancient books.
iv) The on fluctuations of
water levels in the oceans have revealed that sea level
was around 9 to 10 feet below the present level
Therefore Ram Sethu was a walkable bridge around
5000 BC therefore, it could be used as a land route
from Rameshwaram to Talaimannar in Ramayana
era.
v) The reports have
revealed that certain cultivated varieties of plants,
trees and herbs, which are mentioned in Vedas and
Epics, have existed in India continuously for more
than 8000 years. Remains of cultivated rice, wheat
and barley have been found belonging to 7000 BC;
melon seeds, lemon leaf, pomegranate, coconut and
date palm etc relating to 4000 BC; lentils, millets and
peas etc from 3000 BC; use of reetha, amla and
shikakai for making shampoo since 2500 BC. These
plants remained in use continuously indicating that
there was not any abrupt end of ancient Indian
civilization as is normally being taught in schools and
colleges and that their references in Ramayana and
Mahabharat get corroborated scientifically.
vi) The latest have
revealed large volume of new data which has proved
the indigenous origin and development of civilization
Remote Sensing pictures
oceanographic reports
paleobotanical research
archaeological excavations
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September150
SRP Kethamakka, Carbon dating of Charaka Samhita, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.148-151
in the Indian Subcontinent since 7000 BC Some
examples are: Lahuradeva, Jhusi, Tokwa and
Hetapatti in Ganga Valley in the east; Mehrgarh, Kot
Diji and Nausharo in Indus valley in the northwest;
Lothal and Dholavira in the west. The material
testimonies of these excavations have shown gradual
cultural developments from the 7 -6 millennium BC
in the entire region of Indus-Saraswati-Ganga system
for a period of almost eight thousand years. Thus
archaeology is also supporting the astronomical,
ecological and anthropological conclusions that
Aryans were originals of India, they have been
creating and nurturing a continuously developing
civilization for last 10000 years and dispersal
probably happened the other way round.
vii)
The Genome studies during the Holocene have
revealed that the genetic profile of humans settled in
north, south, east and west of India is the same and has
remained the same for the last more than 11000 years.
It is also significant to note that the inhabitants of the
Harappan civilization were not a mysterious people of
unknown biological origins, or migrants from
western/central Asia, but they were the indigenous
people identified with the pre/early Harappan cultures
of northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent.
Therefore, contrary to the popular belief, the
Dravidians as well as north Indians have common
ancestors and both are originals of India, have
.
The anthropological research reports have
established that DNA dating for Paleolithic
continuity starts from 60000 BC.
th th
common genetic profile and thus had common
ancestors.
This corroborates the details of geneology charts
prepared for Ramayana era. Astrologically, another
important landmark is the initiation of Medicine on
“Pushyami” star day. Pre Ramayana periods used to
calculate the Zodiac from Pushyami and it is said as
the new year start. Today we fixed the Ashwini and
Chaitra as the New Year day and celebrate as
“Yugadi”. Ayurveda even today practices
Pumsavana, etc, auspicious medicinal distribution on
Pushyami star day. With these we may have a
conclusion that the Ayurveda is brought from a
Known (Devata / Extra terrestrials) source of those
days (the Devata interferences are recorded till
Mahabharata period i.e. 5000 years ago and may be
we lost the connection now) and propagated among
Human 14000 years ago, i.e. before to Ramayana
period for the welfare of human race.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth
[2] J.J. Hooker, 2005, "Tertiary to Present:
Paleocene," in Richard C. Selley, L. Robin McCocks,
and Ian R. Plimer. Encyclopedia of Geology,
(Oxford, UK: Elsevier Limited. ISBN 0126363803),
459-465
[3]http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Ge
ological_history_of_Earth
[4]http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Go
ndwana
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_India
References:
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 151
SRP Kethamakka, Carbon dating of Charaka Samhita, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.148-151
Bilateral Variations of Renal Vessels -
A case study
Journal of Indian
System of MedicineCase Report
Giridhar M Kanthi ,
Arun N P, Harshita M S,Anoop Kumar N S, Visakh Sakthidharan, Vishnu Damodar
1
2
1 2Prof Dept of Anatomy S D M College of Ayurveda Udupi, Final year Anatomy P G Scholars
JISM1362N Received: December 28, 2013; Accepted: September 14, 2014
How to cite the article: Giridhar M Kanthi, Arun N P, Harshita M S, Anoop Kumar N S, Visakh Sakthidharan, Vishnu Damodar,Bilateral variations of renal vessels -A case study, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.152-154
Abstract:
Keywords:
Knowledge of variations of renal vessels are important during operative, diagnostic and endovascular
procedures of the abdomen and pelvic region and its importance have been greater than before because of the
widespread development in the renal transplantation surgeries. During routine dissection of a 60 year aged
female cadaver bilateral variations of renal vessels was observed. There were two renal arteries superior and
inferior accompanied by two renal veins one anterior and one posterior to the artery on the right side. On the left
side we found two renal arteries superior and inferior accompanied by two renal veins superior and inferior with
a communicating vein connecting the superior and inferior renal veins on left side. Left gonadal vein drained
into the inferior renal vein, which in turn drained into the inferior vena cava. Left suprarenal vein drained into
the superior renal vein which further drained into the inferior vena cava. Such unusual and complex variations
must be kept in mind during radiological and surgical procedures to prevent inadvertent injury to the related
structures and also for their clinical implications.
Renal artery, renal vein, bilateral variation
Introduction
Renal arteries are a pair of lateral branches of
the abdominal aorta, arising at the level of L1 and L2
vertebra, just below the origin of the superior
mesenteric artery. Renal arteries course anterior to the
renal pelvis before entering into the hilum.
Classically, a single renal artery supplies each kidney.
The right renal artery is longer and often higher and
pass posterior to the inferior vena cava, right renal
vein, head of the pancreas and descending part of the
duodenum whereas the left renal artery pass behind
the left renal vein, the body of pancreas and the
splenic vein. It may be crossed by the inferior
mesenteric vein anteriorly.
Generally, each kidney is drained by a single
renal vein; right renal vein is shorter and drains into
the inferior vena cava, whereas the left renal vein
which is three times longer than the right renal vein
drains into the inferior vena cava by coursing anterior
to the aorta. In addition, left renal vein also receives
tributaries of left gonadal vein from below and left
suprarenal vein from above.[1]
During the dissection of a female cadaver
aged about 60 years, in Alva's Ayurvedic Medical
College Moodabidri, Karnataka, and variations in
renal vessels bilaterally was found.
There were two renal arteries as superior and
inferior. The superior renal artery again divided into
2 to 3 branches before entering into the hilum.
Case report
Variation on the right side
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September152
Fig. 1: Right kidney arteries variations
There were two renal veins one anterior to
the renal artery (normal) and another one posterior to
the artery and both were attached to the hilum of the
kidney.
Fig. 2: Right kidney veins variations
Variation on the left side
In the left side also there were two renal
arteries as superior and inferior along with two renal
veins as superior and inferior. Superior vein was
present between the two arteries. The superior renal
vein received suprarenal vein and inferior renal vein
received the gonadal vein. A number of tributaries
joined inferior renal vein and also there was a
communicating vein present in between the superior
and inferior renal veins.
Fig.3: Left kidney veins variations
Discussion
The variations in the renal vessels are mainly
due to various developmental positions of the
kidney.[2] Renal arteries exhibit a high degree of
variations compared to the renal veins. A variation
occurring in both arteries and veins together is rare;
also, variations among the renal veins are not as
common as arteries. [3] In this case we observed
bilateral variations in the renal arteries and renal
veins.
A single main renal artery is seen in 70% of
individuals, and accessory renal arteries are common
in 30% and usually arise from the aorta above or
below (most commonly below) the main renal artery
and follow it to the renal hilum. Rarely, accessory
renal arteries may arise from the coeliac trunk or
superior mesenteric arteries near the aortic
bifurcation or from the common iliac arteries. These
accessory renal arteries are called as persistent
embryonic lateral splanchnic arteries. Near the
hilum, each renal artery divides into anterior and
posterior divisions which further divide into
segmental, lobar, inter lobar and arcuate arteries.
These are end arteries with no anastomoses.[1]
However renal artery variations are very common.
Variations regarding their origin and number have
been reported by many researchers. Renal
vasculature variations are important for the
angiographers and urologists.[4] The knowledge of
Fig 4: Percentage of occurrence of variation in the
renal artery
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 153
Giridhar M Kanthi et.al. Bilateral variations of renal vessels -A case study, pp.152-154
Giridhar M Kanthi et.al. Bilateral variations of renal vessels -A case study, pp.152-154
entry of renal veins into the inferior vena cava and
their variations is equally important during
catheterization and planning porto-renal shunt
procedures.[5]
Bilateralvariationintherenalarteryandveinis
ararecaseofoccurrence.Astheinvasiveinterventions
suchasrenaltransplantation,interventionalradiologic
procedures and urologic operations increase,
awarenessofthepossiblevariationsoftherenalarteries
is necessary for adequate surgical management in the
aforementionedspecialties.
[1] Standring S, ed. Gray'sAnatomy: TheAnatomical
Basis of Clinical Practice. 39th Ed., London,
Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone. 2005; 1118, 1121,
1274, 1276.
[2] Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing
Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 8th Ed.,
Philadelphia, Saunders, Elsevier. 2008; 249251.
[3] Soni S, Wadhwa A. Multiple variations in the
paired arteries of abdominal aorta clinical
implications. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic
Research. 2010; 4: 26222625.
Conclusion
References
Fig 5: Radiological image showing the position of
renal artery
[4] Krishnasamy N, Rao KGM, Somayaji SN,
Koshy S, Rodrigues V. An unusual case of unilateral
additional right renal artery and vein. Int J Anat Var
(IJAV). 2010; 3: 911.
[5] Satyapal KS. Classification of the drainage
patterns of the renal veins. J Anat. 1995; 186:
329333.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September154
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
How to cite the article: Santosh Y Mudakappagol, Mathew Sunny, Management of high anal fistula by Kshara Sutra ligation alongwith partial Fistulotomy - A Case Report, J-ISM, V2 N3, July-September 2014, pp.155-157
Management of High Anal Fistula by
ligation along with Partial Fistulotomy
A Case Report
Kshara
Sutra
-1 2Santosh Y Mudakappagol, Mathew Sunny
1
2
Assistant Professor, Dept of Shalya Tantra, KLE U B M Kankanawadi Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,
Belgaum, ([email protected]), PG scholar Dept of Shalya Tantra, KLE U B M KankanawadiAyurved Mahavidyalaya, BelgaumJISM1427N Received: August 9, 2014; Accepted: September 14, 2014
Case Report
Abstract
Key-words:
Fistula-in-ano is the chronic phase of anorectal infection and is characterized by chronic purulent drainage or
intermittent pain associated with cyclical accumulation of an abscess with discomfort at the perineal area.
Fistula in ano is classified as low anal and high anal, where management of low anal fistula is easier compared to
high anal fistula. Conventional surgical treatments, like fistulotomy, fistulectomy and Seton thread technique
sever the anal sphincters and may cause incontinence. The recurrent rate of “lay-open” fistulotomy was reported
between 2-9 % with functional impairment ranging from 0 to 17%. This has a profound effect on the patient's
quality of life. Here is the case report where complex posterior high anal fistula managed with
(Medicated thread) and partial fistulotomy.
A F
Kshara Sutra
Bhagandara, Kshārasūtra, nal istula.
Introduction
Fistula in ano is one of the common conditions seen in
the perineal area. These fistulas are difficult to treat
by their nature of tract formation, recurrence, sepsis,
etc. Fistulas are classified as high anal & low anal
according to the length of tract. A high anal fistula
describes a track that passes through or above a large
amount of Sphincter muscles. A range of treatment
options are available, but none is universally
successful or without risk [1]. Where surgical
techniques like Laying open (Fistulotomy), excision
of tract (Fistulectomy) & Seton threading technique
of such fistulas would damage considerable amounts
of sphincter muscle and result in impaired bowel
control. These high anal fistulas are therefore also
considered complex. The exact cause or mechanism
of infection has not been fully elucidated, Infection of
anal glands progresses to acute anorectal abscesses
and fistulas; the “cryptoglandular hypothesis.” It is
not clear why certain cases of perianal sepsis are
limited to abscess formation whereas others are
associated with fistula formation. A recent review of
perianal abscess and fistula quotes a fistula formation
rate of 26-37% after perianal abscess [2].
m [3]
(anal fistula). It is enlisted among [4]
(Eight intricate diseases) which by nature are difficult
to cure considering its morbidity, recurrence and
social burd
[5]. As these high
anal fistulas are complex in nature hence they need
multicentric approach. Acharya Sushruta mentioned
different treatment options like [6]
etc (excision, incision) in treating the various types of
effectively, which are to be used
judiciously. Amongst them practice of
Fistula in ano is well described in
Suśrutasa hitā under the name of bhagandara
en. The condition is termed bhagandara as
it does (tears) of (perineum),
(rectum) and (pelvis)
Asta
ṇ B G
B
Chedana, Bhedan
Bhagandara
Ksahrasutra
māhāgad
āra ā haga uda
astipradeśa
4
D
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 155
Santosh Y Mudakappagol, Mathew Sunny, Management of high anal fistula by Kshara Sutra ligation along with partialFistulotomy - pp.155-157
[7] is well established in the management of
In present study the combination of
treatment modalities has been carried out to treat the
case successfully.
A 34 year old male patient non diabetic, non
hypertensive presented with complaints of
intermittent pus discharge while defecation and pain
at anal region after defecation, associated with
Bhagandara.
Case History
discomfort while sitting since one month. The exact
history started one year back during which the patient
experienced same complaints for which patient had
undergone surgery in a private hospital, but didn't get
relieved from the complaints. With above said
complaints patient approached our institute for
further treatment. There was no associated history of
fever, bleeding per rectum or constipation. Patient
did not give any history of major illnesses or major
surgery done in the past apart from present illness and
was on higher antibiotics and anti-inflammatory
drugs. Personal history of patient revealed that he
was Hindu, vegetarian with good appetite, elderly
married and business man by occupation with no
habits of tobacco & alcohol use.
On examination, the patient's vital
parameters were stable. On local examination, there
was visible external opening at 7 'o clock, 2.5 cms
away from the anal verge position on the posterior
side of anal verge; along with scar marks of previous
surgery at 9 'o clock position. There was hard
Fig 1. Shows 1 visit of patient to our OPDst
Fig 2. Shows fistulogramFig 3. Shows healing of the tract
after thread removed
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September156
indurated swelling with tenderness over the external
opening possibly due to chronic infection. On
Probing it was found that the tract was going straight
in the sphincteric plane. Internal opening was
palpable as irregular surfaced tender point in the anal
canal at a distance of approximately 6-8cms from the
anal verge, then case was clinically diagnosed as high
anal complex fistula which was confirmed later on by
the fistulogram.
Anal fistulas will not heal without
intervention, and failure to treat may lead to
progression of the disease process. If left untreated,
anal fistulas are at risk of recurrent formation of a
perianal abscess interspersed with partial healing of
the fistula track. This can become a chronic septic
focus with the establishment of a complex fistula
network. The consequences for the patient may
include pain, bleeding, incontinence, cellulitis, and
systemic sepsis.
In High anal fistula there is higher risk of post
op complication like incontinence of stool and
recurrence. Conventional surgical techniques namely
complete fistulotomy and fistulectomy are not
possible due to definite complication of
incontinence. Seton technique, sever the internal anal
sphincters and may damage the external anal
sphincters. The recurrent rate of “lay-open”
fistulotomy was reported between 2-9% with
functional impairment ranging from 0 to 17% [1,2].
Sushruta mentioned a mechanism
of drug delivery precisely at the tissues involved
through unique way i.e., in the
of (Fistula In Ano) which is a medicated
thread prepared by the coatings of ,
with as binding agent.
Here acts as powerful
(Excision), (incision) & [8]
(debriding) agent & selectively acts on the unhealthy
Discussion
Acharya
Kshara-sutra Chikitsa
Bhagandar
Apamarga Kshara
Haridra Churna Snuhi Ksheer
Kshara Chedan
Bhedan Lekhan
tissues, pus pockets etc. acts as
(antimicrobial) & also enhance the (healing)
of tract. binds the medicines to the
thread & thread keeps the tract patent. This process of
debridement & healing starts from deeper tissues &
travels towards periphery in stages.
As the exernal opening has greater tendency
to get narrowed or closes due to unhealthy
granulation tissue growth due to which drainage of
the debrided tissue & sepsis is not done effectively
which causes hindrance in the healing of the tract and
delays patient's recovery period hence This degraded
tissues & sepsis drainage is facilitated by making the
external opening widening by partial fistulotomy.
By adopting this partial fistulotomy
procedure along with the thearpy in
such high anal complex fistulas would enhance the
successful cure rate and reduce the suffering the
patient & also reduce the cost of the treatment. One
can get 100%success rate without any
complications.
aridra Krimigna
Ropan
Snuhi Ksheer
Kshara Sutra
H
Conclusion
References
[1] Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR. Surgical
intervention for anorectal fistula. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev2010;5: CD006319.
[2] Malik AI, Nelson RL, Tou S. Incision and drainage of
perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev2010;7: CD006827.
[3] Ambikadatta shastri ed, Sushruta samhita Nidan Ch 4,
Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Chaukamba Sanskrit Sanstan
Varanasi Edition, reprint 2007. P- 244.
[4] Ambikadatta shastri ed, Sushruta samhita Sutra Ch 33
Verse 4-5, Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Chaukamba
Sanskrit Sanstan Varanasi Edition, reprint 2007. P-261.
[5] Ambikadatta shastri ed, Sushruta samhita Chikitsa
Ch 8, Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Chaukamba Sanskrit
Sanstan Varanasi Edition, reprint 2007. P 45.
[6] Ibid [5] Ch 8 Verse 5-11 & 20-22, P 45-46.
[7] Ibid [5] Ch 15 Verse 30-32, P -81.
[8] Ibid [4] Ch 11 Verse 3, P -34.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Santosh Y Mudakappagol, Mathew Sunny, Management of high anal fistula by Kshara Sutra ligation along with partialFistulotomy - pp.155-157
157
Recent approaches of Pre-clinical
Researches in Ayurveda
Journal of Indian
System of Medicine
How to cite the article: Rohit Gokarn, Supriya R. Gokarn, Recent approaches of Pre-clinical Researches in Ayurveda, J-ISM, V2N3, July-September 2014, pp.159-161
1 2Assistant Professor,Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana,Assistant Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Mahatma Gandhi AyurvedaCollege,Hospital and Research Centre,Salod(H),Wardha.JISM1436H: Received September 8, 14,Accepted September 14, 14
Rohit Gokarn , Supriya R. Gokarn1 2
Current Theme
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Abstract
Keywords:Ayurveda, Pre-clinical, Safety, Invivo, Invitro
Research in Ayurveda is still in its primitive stage and has to upgrade and update to the current trends.
Contributions by various ancient sears were not just speculation but collective work with clean neat acquisition
of clinical data. This innovative approach has come to halt in past few decades and is not in accordance with
current research designs. A thorough review through present research modules will help investigators to apply
and adapt to the need of the hour. Appropriate research design and collaborative work with interdisciplinary
approach is at most necessary to derive concrete conclusion.
Introduction:
Ayurveda -Traditional Indian System of
Medicine has an enriched historical background and
is one of the great living traditions. Considerable
research on pharmacognosy, chemis t ry,
pharmacology and clinical therapeutics has been
carried out on Ayurvedic medicaments. Several
preclinical studies have been carried out on
cytoprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic
potential of Ayurvedic medicines. There is a growing
need for an “evidence based medicine” hence
research is the prime need of contemporary
.[1] A narrative review of prior research by
screening published research papers will lay the
foundation for identifying strengths and gaps in the
evidence base that is available to analyse the safety
and efficacy ofAyurvedic interventions. [2]Although
Ayurveda has contributed a lot to humanity, it fails to
cope with current scenario due to poor data
acquisition and research designs. Developing
standards and SOP for raw drugs and formulation is a
tedious and lengthy process but a good networking of
Ayurveda
researchers can solve this problem. One can
concentrate towards only single problem at a time by
controlling all other possible variables. A single
platform which can work in favor of science can be of
great help. Holistic and systemic approach supported
by experiential base can serve as an innovative and
powerful discovery engine for newer, safer and
affordable medicines. [3] Hence to analyze the
different preclinical research modalities and their
relevance present study was designed.
A review of Research works available in
pubmed was done to explore different research
modalities and to understand nature of works carried
out in conventional and with newer dimensions. Few
words like Pharmacognosy, Characterization, In
vitro, In vivo,Antioxidants, Cell-line,Antimicrobial,
Safety, Toxicity etc were searched to find out the
number of works carried out and their relevance
Studies. The search was refined by adding the key
term "Ayurveda" in all cases. A summarized
overview of prior research on Ayurveda could be
sketched on the basis of the comprehensive analysis.
Materials & Methods:
158
Rohit Gokarn, Supriya R. Gokarn, Recent approaches of Pre-clinical Researches in Ayurveda, pp.159-161
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Observations and results:
Table 1. Observation of search in Pubmed with different key words
Sl.no Type of study Number of articles
1 Cell line studies
With Key word Ayurveda 122
Free full text 40
Without key word Ayurveda 816745
2 Anti microbial study
With key word ayurveda 12
Free full text 01
Without key word Ayurveda 31378
3 Anti oxidant study
Without key word Ayurveda 5398
Free full text 07
With key word Ayurveda 17
4 Anti inflammatory study
With key word Ayurveda 158
Free full text 47
Without key word Ayurveda 179816
5 Anti diabetic study
With key word Ayurveda 26
Free full text 09
Without key word Ayurveda 5569
6 Safety studies
With key word Ayurveda 112
Free full text 52
Without Key word Ayurveda 170291
7 Fingerprinting Techniques
With key word Ayurveda 07
Free full text 01
Without key word Ayurveda 12565
08 Pharmacovigilance
With key word Ayurveda 07
Free full text 05
Without Key word Ayurveda 3435
09 In vitro studies
With key word Ayurveda 81
Free full text 26
Without Key word Ayurveda 244951
10 In vivo studies
With key word Ayurveda 56
Free full text 19
Without key word Ayurveda 166221
11 Pharmacognosy
With key word Ayurveda 164
Free full text 73
Without Key word Ayurveda 10480
12 Immunomodulatory study
With key word Ayurveda 38
Free full text 09
Without key word Ayurveda 8165
159
Rohit Gokarn, Supriya R. Gokarn, Recent approaches of Pre-clinical Researches in Ayurveda, pp.159-161
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
Cell line studies
Anti microbial study
Anti oxidant stduy
Anti diabetic Study:
Safety studies :
Finger printing techniques
Pharmacovigilance
:
122 studies related to Ayurveda were
screened. Various herbs have been tried for their anti
cancerous activity. root,
aqeuous extract of , water extract
of , z-guggululosterone and
guggulolipid extract of have
shown significant action.[4] Also
, curcumin, have shown
postive results in anti cancerous study, is
reported to have anti-hepatitis C virus action.[5]
:
Drugs like extract,
,
, have been reported for
their anti microbial action. [6]
:
Anti oxidant action has been evaluated and
reported in single drugs like
. Two works on
polyherbal formulations i.e and
, a non classical formulation
named Pepticare , a mineral preparation i.e
was found. [7]
,
have been reported to have anti
diabetic activity. A study on ( )
having a protective role in diabetic cataract has also
been reported. [8]
Various reports are found out of which some
are ,
. [9]
:
The finger printing of mineral preparations
like
polyherbal formulation named BHU ,herbals like
Asparagus, sesame oil is found. [10]
:
Seven articles related to Ayurveda are
available which discusses ADR's and reporting
system, change in scenario in field of Ayurveda,
contribution of WHO in global acceptance of
Ayurveda. [11]
Ichnocarpus fruitescens
Tinospora cordifolia
Ashwagandha
commiphora mukul
Tulsi, Arjuna,
Murraya koenigi eclipta alba
Eclipta alba
Vasa, Jatropha, Chitraka
Terminalia chebula Eclipta alba, Ocimum sanctum,
caesalpinia bonduc Nimba
Haridra, Zingiber
officinale, cassia occidentalis
Maharasnadi kwatha
Vaysthapana Rasayana
Tamra
bhasma
Guduchi sa tva , Yashada bhasma
Pterocarpus marsupium, Eugenia jambolana,
Gymnema sylvestre
Bilva Aegle marmelos
Vasaguduchyadi kwatha Rasamanikya, yashada
Bhasma, tamra bhasma
Trivanga bhasma, swarnamakshika bhasma,
x
In vitro studies
In vivo studies
in
Pharmacognosy
Ayurvedic
Anti inflammatory Study:
Immunomodulatory study:
Discussion:
:
In vitro assay of three indian medicinal
plants was done to see if plants mediate their anti-
diabetic effects through anti-oxidant and apoptoic
action, cognitive effects of special extract of
, a ten yrs research report, anti malarial and
safety study of . Genotoxic and
antigenotoxic potential of alkaloid Punarnavine
from are some of the works.
:
Molecular targets and mechanisms of cancer
prevention and treatment by withaferin a, a naturally
occurring steroidal lactone.,
( ) leaf extract inhibits human pancreatic
tumor growth athymic mice by Apoptosis are few
important works. [13]
:
Impact of Seasons and Dioecy on
Therapeutic Phytoconstituents of
, a Drug. Pharmacognostical and
Preliminary physicochemical evaluation of
granules - A polyherbal
formulation are some important works. [14]
Anti inflammatory activity of
and poly herbal prepara t ion
are some of the works found in
search. [15]
Single drugs like
, and polyherbal preparations like
compound, ,
, , are
reported to have immune-modulatory activity
[16,17].
Analysis of the preclinical work done in the field of
Ayurveda gives important leads to identify priorities
for future research [18]. Lack of adequate Pre-
formulation studies like Qualitative and quantitative
estimation of raw drugs, Characterization of mineral
drugs, Pharmaceutical Standardization are the major
Bacopa
monniera
Pluchea lanceolata
Boerrhavia diffusa
Achyranthes aspera
Apamarg
Tinospora
cordifolia Rasayana
Triphaladi
embllica
officinalis, Chandrashura, grewia asiatica, withania
somni fera
Chandraprabha vati
Convolvulus pluricaulis,
Picrorhiza kuroa, Tinospora cordi fol ia,
Caesalphinia bonucella, Asparagus racemosa,
Withania somnifera, Tylophora indica, boerhavia
diffusa Shirishadi
amalako rasayana vachadhatryadi
avaleha shirishavaleha Brahma rasayana
[12]
160
drawback for further studies on the single drugs or
formulations.AsAyurveda utilizes drug as a whole, it
is quite difficult to quantify the
constituents, but to know the quality, parameters like
HPTLC, HPLC, GCMS can be adapted to identify
the active constituents. In case of metallic and
mineral medicine Characterization of raw minerals
and finished drugs is much easier task and has
definite conclusive results. Research findings on
inclusion of organic matter in mineral drugs has
changed complete course of medicine and is looked
in different way, known by organo-metallic complex
molecule [19]. One can find lot of studies on
Pharmaceutical standardization, but here the
approach by researchers suggests that, very few
follow the Pharmacopial references. Uniformity in
pharmaceutical process is very important to find
standard drug which may be prepared in any corner
of the country. Controlling variables in
pharmaceutical process to derive to definite
conclusion is needed. One more int sting debate is
need for reforms in animal models according
yurvedic pharmacokinetics and dynamics. As such
there have been only few attempts to design animal
models as per yurvedic drug action but this can be a
area of research for future. Safety studies of single or
compound formulations with key word yurveda are
limited to 112. There is urgent need of safety studies
especial ly in organo-metall ic compound
formulations which are in day to day practice. Only
few studies on safety of ,
are available.
Efficacy study of Ayurvedic medicaments are also
outnumbered by allied science. Most of the studies
related to Ayurveda comprises of studies on isolates
or extracts and not whole drug. The studies on whole
drug are still lacking and there is need of rigorous
works and data acquisition. The other concern is
there are very few studies on compound formulation
and more on single drugs as such the situation is
reverse when it comes to actual utilization of these.
A comprehensive review on articles available in
pubmed showed lack of publication of Ayurvedic
researches in reputed journals. Most of the studies
were done by isolation of active constituents or
extraction. There is need of quality research in
individual
ere
on to
A
A
A
Makaradhwaja Tamra
Bhasma, Kajjali, Trivanga Bhasma
Conclusion:
Ayurveda with interdisciplinary approach.
References:
[1]. Ram H Singh, Exploring issues in the development of
Ayurvedic Research Methodology, Journal of Ayurveda and
Integrative medicine, 2010,1(2) P-91
[2]. Manohar R, Eranezhath S, MahapatraA, Manohar R S.A
narrative review of research on Ayurveda.
2012, 12(Suppl
1):P427
[3] . Ethnopharmacology and drug discovery.
2005Aug 22;100(12):50-2
[4] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
cell+line+ayurveda/page1, date of access 14/09/2014
[5] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
cell+line+ayurveda/page2, date of access 14/09/2014
[6] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
anti+microbial+study+ayu... date of access 14/09/2014
[7] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
anti+oxidant+activity+ayu.. date of access 14/09/2014
[8] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
anti+diabetic+study+ayurveda, date of access 14/09/2014
[9] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
safety+study+ayurveda, date of access 14/09/2014
[10] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
fingerprinting+techniques+..., date of access 14/09/2014
[11] Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
pharmacovigilance+ayurveda, date of access 14/09/2014
[12] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
in+vitro+studies+ayurveda, date of access 14/09/2014
[13] Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
in+vivo+studies+ayurveda, date of access 14/09/2014
[14] Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
pharmacognosy+ayurveda, date of access 14/09/2014
[15] Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
anti+inflammatory+study+..., date of access 14/09/2014
[16] Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
immunomodulatory+study... /page1, date of access
14/09/2014
[17] Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=
immunomodulatory+study... /page2, date of access
14/09/2014
[18] Manohar R, Eranezhath S, Mahapatra A, Manohar R S.
A narrative review of research on Ayurveda.
2012, 12(Suppl
1):P427
[19] Balaji Krishnamachary et al. Elucidation Of A Core-
Shell Model For Through Physicochemical
Characterization. International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 4, Issue 2, 2012
BMC
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
BMC
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Lauha Bhasma
Patwardhan B J
Ethnopharmacol.
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 161
Rohit Gokarn, Supriya R. Gokarn, Recent approaches of Pre-clinical Researches in Ayurveda, pp.159-161
National Workshop on
“Ayurvedic Interventions in Cerebral Palsy”
Srihari S
Assistant Professor, Department of Kaumarabhritya, Associate Editor, J-ISM, MGACH & RC, Wardha,
September 8, 14 September 8, 14JISM1435H Received for publication: ;Accepted:
How to cite the article:
Journal of Indian
System of MedicineWorkshop Report
A national workshop on Ayurvedic Interventions
in Cerebral Palsy was organised by Department
of Kaumarabhritya, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved
College, Hospital & Research Centre, Wardha
which is a constitute college under Datta Meghe
Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Maharashtra,
India on 27th & 28th June, 2014. The workshop
aimed at generating a concrete knowledge on
various possible interventions in treating
children affected with Cerebral Palsy. The
workshop acted as platform for sharing
knowledge between resource personnel's who
have hands on experience in successfully
managing these children and young aspirant
scholars in the field of Kaumarabhritya. The
program was attained by around 150 delegates
including under graduate students, post graduate
scholars, medical officers and faculties from
various colleges all over India.
On the 1 day the workshop started under the
chairmanship of Dr. Shyam Bhutada, Dean,
MGACH & RC with inauguration by Dr.
Amitabh Kumar Pandey, Vice President, Central
Council of Indian Medicine, New Delhi, India
and Dr. Ramesh Babu Devalla, Chairman
st
Regulation Committee, CCIM, New Delhi and
Ex-Director General Central council of
Research inAyurvedic Sciences, New Delhi.
Speaking on the eve chief guest Dr. Ramesh
Babu Devalla, said Research works conducted
from past 10-12 years with various Ayurvedic
therapeutic procedures like and
internal medications administered to children
affected with different types of cerebral palsy
has shown 15-20% of relief on the various
complaints, spasticity being the major one.
These relief itself is of a significant importance,
while other system of medicines have very
limited treatments in managing these types of
children. He congratulated the organizing team
for bringing in the expertise like Prof Shailaja U
Rao, from SDM college of Ayurveda, Hassan,
Karnataka who is the first researcher in the field
of Ayurveda to conducted studies on Ayurvedic
interventions in Cerebral palsy.
Dr. Amitabh Kumar Pandey, who was the Guest
of Honor during the inaugural function said
Ayurveda the traditional system of Indian
medicine practiced since more than 5000 years
has in store a rich potential medicines and
Panchakarma
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September162
Srihari S, National Workshop on “Ayurvedic Interventions in Cerebral Palsy”, pp 162-163
variety of therapeutic procedures which plays a
significant role in children affected with cerebral
palsy. He also praised the doctors of the college
and hospital that in a short span of time they had
made a significant mark by providing successful
treatments to many serious diseases like Cerebral
Palsy.
Prof Shailaja U Rao, delivered the key note
address on the topic of “Recent advances
in the management of cerebral palsy in
Ayurveda”. She discussed the concept of cerebral
palsy in Ayurveda which is a
(untold disease), possible treatment modalities
and discussed the results obtained in her hospital
from past 10 years. She also emphasized the
newer approaches followed in regarded with
diagnosis andAyurvedic management followed.
This was followed by 26 paper presentations and
5 poster presentations by PG scholars as well as
faculties from different colleges all over India.
On the second day there was discussions by Dr.
Prema Khatri (M. Sc. Physiotherapy) and Mrs.
Madhuri Wane (Occupational Therapist,
AVBRH hospital, Wardha) on physiotherapy and
occupational therapy for its role in rehabilitating
the children of cerebral palsy. This was followed
by an interesting session by Dr. Rajagopala S
from Institute for post graduate teaching and
Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat on
“Critical analysis of Research works conducted
in the field of Ayurveda” by post graduate
scholars all over India and works conducted by
Anuktha Vyadhi
various institutes and researchers. An in depth
critical analysis was done by him in order
understand how Ayurvedic therapies and
medicines would be beneficial in managing this
lifelong prevailing condition in children.
Afternoon session was dedicated to live
demonstration of various occupational therapy
measures adopted in cerebral palsy children by
Mrs. Madhuri Wane followed by demonstrations
of various therapies applicable in
children by Dr. Renu B Rathi, Head, Dr. Srihari S
and Dr. Jyothy K B, Asst. Professor in
department of Kaumarabhritya, MGACH & RC.
The evening session was dedicated to one on one
open discussion with the delegates and all the
resource persons which lasted 2 hrs. This was
followed by Valedictory function where prizes
was awarded to best paper and poster
presentation. First best paper prize was won by
D r . M a d h u m i t h a , P G S c h o l a r i n
Kaumarabhritya, SDM College of Hassan,
Karnataka. Second best paper prize was won by
D r. S u m e e t G o y a l , P G S c h o l a r i n
Kaumarabhritya, NIA, Jaipur. Third best paper
was won shared by Dr. Sukhadha Mayekar, PG
Scholar in Kaumarabhritya, L.R.P. Ayurvedic
Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre,
Ishwarpur, Sangli and Dr. Sahana Shankari, PG
Scholar in Kaumarabhritya, SDM College of
Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka. Best Poster prize
was won by Dr. Savitha Chougule, PG Scholar in
Kaumarabhritya, Alva's Ayurvedic Medical
College, Moodbidri, Karnataka.
Panchakarma
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September 163
Announcements
Details of Event Contact info:
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September164
National seminar on
to be held on 2 Nov, 2014
By: Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya
Kalpana,
Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital &
Research Centre, Salod(H), Wardha,
Maharashtra.
''Reverse Pharmacology''
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Dr Bharat Rathi- 9011058301
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Mr. Maneesh Deshmukh-9324326262
Rectification:
In the issue V2-N2, April-June 2014 contents, the article title in the short communication - important
tool for health and disease” is misprinted along with withdrawn co-author's name. The inconvenience is deeply
regretted.
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” is
Quarterly Peer Reviewed International Journal of
research in Ayurveda published from Mahatma
Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & Research
Centre, a Constituent College under Datta Meghe
Institute of Medical Sciences, (DU) Nagpur. It offers
the publication of -
· Randomized
controlled trials, interventions studied, studies of
screening and diagnostic test, outcome studies,
cost effectiveness analyses, case-control series,
and surveys with high response rate. (
)
· Systemic critical assessments
of literature and data sources, etc. ( )
· New/ interesting/ rare cases or
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· Announcements of
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e.g. [1]
Agnivesha,
chapter 18/32 sloka., 5th ed. New Delhi:
Munshiram Mohanlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.;
1992. p.541.
[2] Choudhury P, Prajapati NC, Puri RK,
Sachdev HP. Impact of national immunization
schedule on vaccine preventable diseases: A
hospital based study. Indian Pediatr 1992; 29:
33-38.
Do not write headings in al l
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5 Keywords ( 8 Introduction –
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Discussion – Conclusion – References
(Authors
/ Editors: Name of chapter, Name of book,
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numbers)
(e.g.: [13])
Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya ed,
Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana,
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
CAPITALS.
recommend a Reviewer
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should specify with a letter.
It is considered for all electronic submissions
that the author is abiding with the regulations of
J-ISM and any further legal situations arise are
not at the responsibility of J-ISM and the author
has to clear by his own expenses and
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· Authors can “ ” name
along with his designation, mobile / email
contact details.
italics.
The J-Ism is following the double blind
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reviewer are unaware of the individuals.
Initially the editorial team scrutiny the content
and make the necessary suggestions to be done
in article. Later it is forwarded to peer for the
subject and content examination. With the
comments the article is sent to author and the
article is expected to resubmit with in stipulated
time. With corrections received is subjected to
editorial board scrutiny and made suggestions in
necessary or accepted for publication. This
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according to the subject of article. The author is
having right of withdrawal of article from
journal with proper intimation.
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Electronic:
Please send a Hard copy of article along
with consent letter by Post to:
:
Chief Editor, J-ISM,
Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital &
Research Centre,Salod (H), Wardha- 442004,
(MS) India
Journal of Indian System of Medicine Vol.2-Number 3, , 2014July-September
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DATTA MEGHE INSTUTUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (DU), NAGPUR
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Friendliness and compassion, towards patient,
interest in treating treatable diseases and declining
the patients with complications are the four
associative factorials for a professional physician.