israeli politicians use of the internet election campaigns – march 2006 sharon haleva amir
TRANSCRIPT
Israeli Politicians Use of the Internet
Election Campaigns – March 2006
Sharon Haleva Amir
Israeli Governmental System
PresidentCeremonial Head of the State
Judicial Authority Courts SystemLegislative Authority
Parliament-Knesset Executive AuthorityGovernment
Prime MinisterHead of the State
In Practice
Israeli Electoral System
• Israeli Elections are based on nation- wide proportional representation.
• the voters vote for a party list, and not for a particular person on the list.
• the number of seats which every list receives in the Knesset is proportional to the number of voters who voted for it.
• Qualifying treshold is 2%, which means a party must receive at least 2% of the votes in order to be elected.
Israeli Electoral System 2
• The Elections are being held every four years.nevertheless, the Knesset or the Prime Minister can decide to hold early elections, and under certain circumstances can serve for more than four years
• The Knesset – Israeli Legislative Parliament is constituted of 120 members (MK).
• In the last Knesset (16th),13 Lists were elected.
• http://www.knesset.gov.il/main/eng/home.asp
Israel’s exposure Rate to the Internet
• 40% of households in Israel were connected to the internet in 2004 (compared to 28% in 2002)
• http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/indic-tech_heb.pdf
Israeli Elections Via the Internet –Politicians Side
• Parties Sites.• Internet Campaigns - Electoral Propaganda in
the Home Pages of Leading Sites.• For the First Time :
Candidates publish their own personal Blogs. Candidates all across the political spectrum are using this new medium to reach their voters
Israeli Labor (Haavoda) Party Site
“Kadima” (Ruling Party) Site
Right wing “Likud” Party Site
Internet Campaigns – “Shinui” Party in Ynet Homepage
(the leading Newspaper in Israel)
“Dov & His Friends”Dov Henin’s Blog – Israeli Communist
Party (“Hadash”)
Baruch Marzel’s Blog – Right Wing Extremist Candidate
Hagar Zimmerman’s Blog– “Green Leaf” party
supports legalisation of soft drugs
“Shelly Yechimovitz – the Diary”Haavoda (Labor) Candidate
Blog
“Yahalom in a public mission” – Shaul Yahalom’s Blog – “Mafdal”: A National
Religious Party
Israeli Elections Via the Internet –Citizens Side
• Political Forums
• Talkbacks
• Chats
• Citizens Political Blogs
• Supporters Sites.
• Virtual Support Demonstrations
Politicians appear in a video chat ,talking with members of the political community
in a leading Israeli newspaper
Talkbacks – Internet users respond to
current affairs articles
Citizens Political Blogs : Menora Hazani – a settler
represents Right wing voters, Ilanit Suisa– represents
Left wing votersAbigail Bechler- represents
Mainstream voters
A Private Site of Likud Supporters
A Virtual Support Demonstartion“Kadima” Party
Internet as an Electoral Tool
• The Internet presence in electoral campigns is well noticed.
• Most parties and candidates use the internet to reach citizens without the need to use mediated mass communications media.
Internet as an Electoral Tool – Advantages to the politicians
• The Internet sets no limits of time and space for the political players to lecture their platform.
• The Propaganda Laws which reffers to classical mass media (Radio, TV, Journalism) do not apply to the internet, thus the political players doesn’t have any legal limitations.
More Advantages to the political players
• Politicians use the net to preach their own opinions and platforms.
• Interviews of politicians by opinionated journalists are less important to them;
• Thus, politicians do not need to face profound or prying questions.
• Good for politicians – Bad for Democracy
Internet as an Electoral Tool – Advantages to the citizen/voter
• It exposes citizens to many opinions whenever they want to.
• It lays the foundation to deliberation.• It enables potential voters to interact by
Email, Forum or Chat with the politicians, effortlessly.
• It empowers citizens to become active players in the political game.
Main Disadvantages of the Internet as an Electoral Tool
• Although Internet is very prevalent in Israel, wide scale populations don’t have access to the net.
• Themes published in the Internet reach mostly Israeli natives, middle class, well educated people.
• Thus the Net doesn’t represent equally all the opinions and all the sectors in the population.
Some Critical Insights
• Theoretically, politicians usage of the internet empowers citizens, advances deliberation and opens another communication channel between politicians and citizens.
• However, many of the blogs don’t include talkback / forum options.
Critical Insights - 2
• Election Campaigns motivate politicians to court potential voters. After the elections, presumably most MK will not continue to write their blogs.
• One sided / short termed blogs don’t contribute empowerment or participation on behalf of the citizens but rather constitutes another unilateral communication channel for the politicians.
A Bit About My Planned Research
• A Comparative Research• Content Analysis of MK websites
(Israel).• Content Analysis of MP websites (UK).• The connection between legislators
websites to Participatory Democracy and Deliberation – in theory & in practice.
Interesting Links
• Citizens' Empowerment Center in Israel• english gateway to the knesset website• The Israel Democracy Institute• Israeli Politics Blogspot - A monthly new
sletter• Ynet News Elections Site (Online Englis
h Newspaper)
