israel oceanographic & limnological research ltd. tel: 972-4 … · 2005. 12. 18. · israel...

Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd. מ"חקר ימים ואגמים לישראל בע Tel-Shikmona, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080 חיפה, 8030ד "ת, שקמונה-תל Tel: 972-4-8565200 : טלפון Fax: 972-4-8511911 : פקס

Environmental Quality of Israel's Mediterranean Coastal Waters in 2004

Annual Report of the National Marine Environmental Monitoring Program

Executive Summary

Barak Herut, Edna Shefer and Yuval Cohen

IOLR Report H34/2005a

The National Marine Environmental Monitoring Program is funded by The Ministry of the Environment

The Ministry of National Infrastructures

Monitoring activities in ports and marinas are funded by The Ministry of Defense

September 2005

© All rights reserved. No parts of this report may be published without permission in writing from the authours.

1

Executive Summary1 Introduction This report presents information on the environmental quality of Israel’s Mediterranean coastal waters in the year 2004, based on the National Marine Environmental Monitoring Program (NMEMP) and related activities carried out by the National Institute of Oceanography of Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR). The report also presents trends of environmental changes based on analysis of long-term monitoring data. The NMEMP is guided by the Marine and Coastal Environment Division of the Ministry of Environment. The aim of the program is to provide a scientific basis for decision making with regard to protection of the marine environment, including enforcement of the provisions of national legislation and international conventions. The NMEMP includes five components: • Monitoring of heavy metals in the coastal waters (carried out since 1978); • Monitoring of the introduction of nutrients and particulate metals into the

coastal waters through coastal rivers (since 1990); • Monitoring of the atmospheric fluxes of nutrients and heavy metals into the

coastal waters (since 1996); • Monitoring of nutrient levels and algal populations in the coastal waters (since

2000); • Estimation of the overall pollution load introduced into the coastal waters

derived from a database on point sources of pollution (as of 2002). The NMEMP has been updated over the years in accordance with the available information on pollution sources. Fig. 1 shows the main sources of pollution along the coastline. Fig. 2 presents the NMEMP sampling stations. Location of the sampling stations and the parameters measured at each station are listed in Table 1. All the data collected within the framework of the NMMP is archived at the Israel Marine Data Center (ISRAMAR), IOLR. The evaluation of temporal trends in the environmental quality of the coastal waters is based on analysis of all relevant ISRAMAR databases.

1 The original full report submitted to the Government is written in Hebrew ( available at the IOLR web site, Hebrew Version - www.ocean.org.il). This executive summary presents the main findings of the report and the figures included therein.

2

Monitoring Activities in the Year 2004 • Heavy metals in sediments: 14 sampling stations in Haifa Bay; 10 stations on

the continental shelf along the coast (~5 m depth); 31 stations at the lower reaches and outlets of the coastal rivers.

• Heavy metals and organic pollutants in ports and marinas: Sampling stations (water and sediments) in Haifa, Qishon and Ashdod ports and in Akko, Atlit, Hadera, Michmoret, Hertzelia, Tel-Aviv, Ashdod and Ashquelon marinas.

• Heavy metals in suspended particulate matter: 9 sampling stations along the coast between Ashdod and Haifa; 10 stations in Haifa Bay; 31 stations at the lower reach of the coastal rivers.

• Heavy metals in benthic organisms: 173 specimens of bivalves, 408 specimens of gastropods and 10 specimens of Hermit crab from Haifa Bay and other areas along the coast.

• Heavy metals in fish: 182 specimens of 10 species of inshore fish and 157 specimens of 4 species of trawl fish caught in Haifa Bay and in other areas along the coast.

• Pesticide residues in fish (preliminary screening): 11 specimens of 3 species of inshore fish.

• Heavy metals in atmospheric dust: 43 samples from Haifa area and 47 samples from Maagan Michael.

• Nutrients in rainwater: 36 samples from Haifa area. • Nutrients in the coastal rivers: 31 sampling stations at the lower reaches and

outlets of the rivers sampled twice (winter and fall). • Nutrients, chlorophyll and algae in coastal waters: Sampling during several

cruises along the coastline including Haifa Bay. Appendix 1 presents the total number of heavy metal analyses carried out since the beginning of the monitoring program. Main Findings The findings of the monitoring activities carried out in 2004 reveal that in general, the level of pollution of Israel's Mediterranean coastal waters is not high relative to international marine environmental quality guidelines and criteria. Trends of decreasing pollution identified in previous years continued in 2004. However, the situation is not yet satisfactory. Significant quantities of anthropogenic materials are introduced into the coastal waters both from point sources (marine outfalls and coastal rivers) and from diffuse sources (runoff waters and atmospheric deposition). As a result, a number of local pollution problems exist along the coastline. The findings and conclusions of the report are summarized below in two ways. First, in a table of environmental indicators (e.g. heavy metals in sediments, heavy metals in fish etc.). The table presents the status of the coastal waters in 2004 and trends in the last decade. Second, in maps presenting the status of different areas along the coastline relative to four environmental criteria: (1) status of the shallow water area

3

based on the values of the "Diversity Index"2 of the microalgae populations – four levels; (2) status of the lower reaches/outlet areas of the coastal rivers based on chlorophyll concentrations – three levels3; (3) status of the coastal sediments based on the concentrations of heavy metals, pesticide residues (DDT) and PCB's – two levels4; (4) status of the coastal sediments based on tributyl-tin (TBT) concentrations – two levels5. Environmental Indicators - Status and Trends 6

Environmental Indicator Status in 2004 Trends in Last Decade Heavy metals in sediments

Haifa Bay: Medium level of mercury pollution in the northern part of the Bay and the Qishon estuary. No change in mercury levels compared to 2003. Low concentrations of other heavy metals. Lead and zinc enrichment relative to other areas. Coastal rivers : High level of pollution by mercury, zinc, cadmium, nickel and medium level of pollution by copper, lead and chromium in the lower reach of the Qishon River. Medium level of pollution by some metals in the Betzet, Naaman, Hadera, Taninim and Alexander rivers.

Mercury pollution decreased. Lead concentrations decreased. Pollution in the Qishon estuary decreased. No clear trend of change in other rivers.

2 Number of species divided by the aquare root of the algal biomass (decreasing values indicate a trend towards eutrophication). 3 Based on the Sediment Quality Guidelines developed by US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for the National Status and Trends Program. The two levels used are pollutant concentrations smaller and greater than ERM values (concentration of pollutant above which biological effects frequently occur). An area/site is marked as "polluted" when the concentration of one of the metals/organic compounds considered exceeded ERM. 4 Low, Medium and High levels of nutrient pollution based on chlorophyll concentration data, according to NOAA's estuarine trophic state classification. 5 Less than and more than 100 microgr./Kg. 6 Pollution levels in the table (high, medium and low) are relative to water and sediment quality guidelines and criteria commonly used by US Government agencies for environmental assessment purposes and to the Israeli standeards for marine water quality.

4

Environmental Indicator Status in 2004 Trends in Last Decade Along the coast: In general, the concentrations of all metals in shallow areas are smaller than harmful levels. Several local pollution problems: Medium level of pollution by mercury and cadmium in TAS area. Chromium enrichment along the coast south of Palmachim and in the area of the "Agan Chemicals/Ashdod Refineries" outfall (off Ashdod). Ports and Marinas: High level of pollution by mercury and zinc in Haifa Port. Medium level of pollution by several metals in the ports of Haifa, Qishon and Ashdod and the marinas of Akko and Ashdod.

No clear trend in TAS (Tel-Aviv Region Sewage Treatment Plant) area (seasonal changes in the level of pollution). Similar and even higher levels of pollution found previously in Haifa and Qishon ports.

5

Environmental Indicator Status in 2004 Trends in Last Decade Heavy metals in suspended particulate matter

Haifa Bay: Concentrations in southern Haifa Bay, near the Qishon estuary, higher than those recorded outside the bay. Coastal rivers: High concentrations of mercury, cadmium and copper in several rivers. Along the coast: Much lower concentrations than in the outlets of the coastal rivers. Mercury enrichment opposite the outlets of Yarkon and Soreq rivers.

No change in mercury levels. Cadmium levels in the southern part of the bay decreased as of July 2000. No significant trend No significant trend.

Dissolved heavy metals in seawater

Concentrations in Haifa Bay higher than in other areas but generally lower than the Israeli water quality standard.

Heavy metals in fish Fish fit for consumption with respect to national safety limit. Mercury enrichment in inshore fish from Haifa Bay relative to fish from other areas. Mercury enrichment in some trawl fish from the northern part of the coastline relative to fish from the south. .

Mercury concentrations stabilized at a lower level than in previous decade. No change.

Heavy metals in benthic organisms

Haifa Bay and Akko: Mercury enrichment in bivalves and gastropods relative to other areas. Cadmium enrichment in gastropods from southern Haifa Bay relative to other areas.

Mercury concentrations in bivalves decreased during 1980 – 1992; trend of increase since 1993 has reversed in the past three years. Cadmium concentrations in Qishon estuary decreased.

6

Environmental Indicator Status in 2004 Trends in Last Decade Along the coast (selected sites): Cadmium enrichment in gastropods at Atlit

No change

Heavy metals in dust Concentrations similar to Europe and higher than in open sea areas.

Lead concentrations decreased. No clear trend of change in cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations.

Organic pollutants in sediments

Ports and marinas: Pollution by pesticide residues (DDT) in the ports of Haifa, Qishon and Ashdod, Tel-Aviv marina and the cooling basin of Ashdod power plant. Medium level of pollution in the Qishon Port, Akko marina and the cooling basin of Hadera power plant. High level of PCB's pollution in Haifa and Ashdod ports and Akko marina; medium level of pollution in Qishon Port and Tel-Aviv marina. Medium level of pollution by a few PAH's in Haifa and Ashdod ports. Significant TBT pollution in Haifa, Qishon and Ashdod ports, in Akko, Michmoret, Tel-Aviv and Ashquelon marinas and in the cooling basin of Ashdod power plant. The findings indicate continued TBT input.

Similar levels of pesticide residues, PCB's and TBT found in the years 2000 – 2003. Imposex (indicator of TBT pollution) found in snails from Haifa Bay.

Organic pollutants in water

Ports and marinas: At all sites the concentrations of volatile and semi-volatile pollutants were below detection limit or much lower than level harmful to

No significant change during 2000 – 2003.

7

Environmental Indicator Status in 2004 Trends in Last Decade marine organisms. High levels of TBT pollution found in Haifa and Ashdod ports and in Akko, Michmoret, Hertzelia and Tel-Aviv marinas. At all ports and marinas, TBT concentrations were higher than the Israeli water quality standard.

No significant change during 2000 – 2003.

Nutrients in rain water Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes into the coastal waters smaller than in Europe but higher than in open sea areas.

Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes depend on annual precipitation. No significant change in nitrogen flux in the last 7 years.

Nutrients in coastal rivers (outlet areas)

Medium to high levels of pollution in most rivers.

Some decrease in nutrient concentrations (especially in Soreq and Qishon rivers).

Nutrient load from point sources

Coastal rivers (including Qishon) > TAS outfall > others

Reported decrease in quantities of nutrients discharged into the rivers.

Nutrients in coastal waters

Haifa Bay: Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment decreasing with distance from the shore. Along the coast: Phosphorus enrichment near the outlet of Yarkon river and TAS outfall; nitrate enrichment near the outlets of Yarkon and Taninim rivers. High nutrient concentrations near the effluent outfall of the Hertzelia sewage treatment plant.

Probably decreasing trend since 2002; possibly a change (increase) in N/P ratio of the Qishon River discharge.

Microalgae in coastal waters

Haifa Bay: High concentrations relative to other areas.

Monitoring started in 2000; possibly beginning

8

Environmental Indicator Status in 2004 Trends in Last Decade Especially high concentrations in the Qishon River estuary. Potentially toxic species found. Along the coast: High concentrations near Yarkon River. Relatively high concentration in shallow waters (< 10 m) compared to deeper water (30 m). Genera that might include toxic species found along entire coastline.

of a decreasing trend. Potentially toxic species found previously in Haifa Bay. Potentially toxic species found in previous years.

9

Environmental status along the coastline

a. Status of the shallow water area based on the values the Diversity Index of the microalgae populations and of the lower reaches/outlet areas of the coastal rivers based on chlorophyll concentrations.

M

EU4

EU3

EU3

EU2

EU1

EU1

EU1?

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

M

L

EU3

L

10

b. Status of the coastal sediments based on the concentrations of heavy metals,

pesticide residues (DDT), PCB's and TBT.

TBTזיהום ב-

PCB/DDTזיהום במתכות/PCB/DDTמתכות/

11

Recommendations Based on the findings of this report, it is recommended that the relevant government agencies take the following actions in order to reduce pollution of the coastal waters and to prevent potential public health risks and ecological damages:

1. Enhancement of the efforts to reduce wastewater discharges into the coastal rivers.

2. Develpoment of a data management system for wastewater discharges into the

coastal rivers ( to improve the ability to estimate the overall pollution load from the rivers).

3. Identification of the sources of heavy metals (especially mercury) input to the

Tel-Aviv Region Sewage Treatment Plant and treatment of the effluents at their sources in order to minimize metal discharges into the sea.

4. Adoption of sediment quality guidelines which would serve as targets for

decisions on restriction of wastewater discharge into the coastal waters and as an interpretive tool for monitoring programs.

5. Updating of the national safety limit for mercury levels in edible fish which

has been set many years ago. In addition, safety limits for other metals and for organic contaminants should be considered.

6. Porhibition of all fishing activities in polluted areas as well as in areas where

there is a risk of accumulation of harmful substances based on information on wastewater discharge into the sea.

7. Strict enfircement of the porhibition to use TBT antifouling paints within

Israel and on Israeli vessels.

8. Routine monitoring of bathing water quality in all beaches which are adjacent to the coastal rivers, are not "Declared Bathing Beaches" (where routine monitoring is carried out) and yet are open to the public.

12

Fig. 1: Location of land-base sources (triangles=marine outfalls, yellow points=coastal river outlets, black points=emergency/drainage outlets, red stars=power plants cooling water).

13

Fig. 2: Location of monitoring stations along the Mediterranean coast of Israel and at the lower reaches of the coastal rivers (A – northern area of the coast, B – Haifa Bay, C – southern area of the coast, D – Locations of benthic fauna sampling). The square south of Tel-Aviv (map C) represents the monitoring area of sewage sludge disposal at sea.

Med

iterr

anea

n

Sea

Monitoring stations, 2004

A

Map B

34.8 34.9 35.0 35.0 35.132.4

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.8

32.9

33.0

33.1

HB1-HB5

H1-H4

H5-H8

H9-H12

Bezet r.

Naaman r.

Qishon r.

Dalia r.

Taninim r.

Hadera r.

Alexander r.Coastal stations (water)Coastal stations (sediment)Aerosol stationsRiver stations (sediment & water)

14

Fig. 2: Cont.

146000 148000 150000 152000 154000 156000 158000 160000

246000

248000

250000

252000

254000

256000

258000

260000

12

891011

12

14

18

2223

2627

Carmelit

Haifa Bay


Aerosol sampling station

BCoastal stations (water)Coastal stations (sediment & benthic fauna)

15

Fig. 2: Cont.

Med

iterr

anea

n

Sea


Shafdan

Poleg r.

Yarqon r.

Soreq r.

Lakhish r.

Evtach r.

Shiqma r.

34.4 34.5 34.6 34.6 34.8 34.9 35.031.5

31.6

31.7

31.8

31.9

32.0

32.1

32.2

32.3 H43-H40

H13

H14-H17

H21-H18

H22-H25

AGAN

H26-H29

Coastal stations (water)

C

River stations (sediment & water)Coastal stations (sediment)

Agan/Baza

16

Fig. 2: Cont.

Haifa

34.6 34.8 35.0 35.2 35.4

31.6

31.8

32.0

32.2

32.4

32.6

32.8

33.0

33.2

Netanya

Hadera

Jaffa

Ashdod

Herzllya

Trawl fish

Coastal fish

Molluscs

Akko

Tel Aviv

D

North

Center I

Center II

South

17

Fig. 3. Mercury concentrations (µg g-1 dry wt.) in surficial sediments from the shallow area of Haifa Bay during 1984-2004. ERL is Effects Range Low; ERM is Effects Range Median.

Fig. 4: Mercury concentrations (µg g-1 dry wt.) in surficial sediments from stations 8 and 9 in northern Haifa Bay, at water depths of 3 and 6m respectively, during 1981-2004. ERL is Effects Range Low; ERM is Effects Range Median.

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)

Station 8Station 9

ERM

ERL

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Distance from Station 1 (km)

Hg

( µg/

g dr

y w

t.)198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

station 8,9station 27

2004

1984

ERM

ERL

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)

18

Fig. 5: Annual amounts of mercury introduced into Haifa Bay by effluents from the 'Electrochemical Industries'. The factory was closed in 2004.

Fig. 6: Profiles of mercury concentrations in sediment cores at station 10 in Haifa Bay during 1985 – 2004 (the integrated area below the profile represents the total amount of mercury in the core per cm2).

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

Years

Mer

cury

inpu

t (kg

/yea

r

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

Mer

cury

inpu

t (kg

/yea

r)

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Hg (ug/g dry wt.)

Dep

th c

m

St. 10 1985St. 10 1989St. 10 1993St. 10 1997St. 10 2004

Dep

th c

m

Hg (µg/g dry wt.)

19

Fig. 7: Mercury (A) and cadmium (B) concentrations (µg g-1 dry wt.) in Haifa Bay sediments, 2004 (size of arrows represents concentration).

Hg in SedimentsHaifa Bay, 2004

34.96 34.98 35.00 35.02 35.04 35.06 35.08 35.1032.80

32.82

32.84

32.86

32.88

32.90

32.92

32.94A

0.45 to 0.72

0.25 to 0.45

0.15 to 0.25

0.00 to 0.15

Cd in SedimentsHaifa Bay, 2004

34.96 34.98 35.00 35.02 35.04 35.06 35.08 35.1032.80

32.82

32.84

32.86

32.88

32.90

32.92

32.94B

1.20 to 6.60

0.10 to 1.20

0.00 to 0.10

20

Fig. 8: Cadmium and mercury concentrations (µg g-1dry wt.) in surficial sediments from the Qishon River estuary (station 27) during 1984-2004. (A) logaritmic scale; (B) linear scale for 1997–2004.

0

1

10

100

1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Year

Cd

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)

0.01

0.10

1.00

Hg (µg/g dry w

t.)

CdHg

AH

g (µg/g dry wt.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year

Cd

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Hg (µg/g dry w

t.)

ERL (Hg)

ERM (Hg)

ERM (Cd)

ERL (Cd)

B

Cd

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.) H

g (µg/g dry wt.)

21

Fig. 9: long-term trends of lead concentrations in surface sediments in Haifa Bay (A) and along the coast (B) during 1984-2004.

1984 - 2004

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Year

Pb (µ

g/g

dry

wt.)x

x

12891011121418222326

A

1988-2004

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Pb (µ

g/g

dry

wt.)

H8H12H17H40

B

Pb (µ

g/g

dry

wt.)

Pb

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)

22

Fig. 10: Mercury (A) and cadmium (B) concentrations in sediments along the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2004 (size of arrows represents concentration).

34.60 34.80 35.00 35.20 35.40

31.60

31.80

32.00

32.20

32.40

32.60

32.80

33.00

33.20

Bezet r.

Naaman r.

Qishon r.

Dalia r.

Taninim r.

Hadera r.

Alexander r.

Poleg r.

Yarqon r.

Soreq r.

Lakhish r.

Evtach r.

Shiqma r.

(µg/g dry wt.)

Mediterranean Sea

Hg in sediments, 2004

0.71 to 0.85

0.25 to 0.71

0.15 to 0.25

0.00 to 0.15

A

23

Fig. 10: Cont.

34.60 34.80 35.00 35.20 35.40

31.60

31.80

32.00

32.20

32.40

32.60

32.80

33.00

33.20

Bezet r.

Naaman r.

Qishon r.

Dalia r.

Taninim r.

Hadera r.

Alexander r.

Poleg r.

Yarqon r.

Soreq r.

Lakhish r.

Evtach r.

Shiqma r.

(µg/g dry wt.)

Mediterranean Sea

Cd in sediments, 2004

9.60 to 27.00

1.20 to 9.60

0.00 to 1.20

B

24

Fig. 11: TBT concentrations (µg/L, logarithmic scale) in seawater at ports and marinas along the Mediterranean coast of Israel (August 2004).

Fig. 12: TBT concentrations (µg/kg, logarithmic scale) in sediments at ports and marinas along the Mediterranean coast of Israel during 2004.

0.1

1

10

100

1000

II היפ חמלנ

יבאב

תל ה רינמ

I היפ חמלנ

I דדואש

מל נ

כוה ערינמ

רתמומכ

גן מע

יהצלהר

ה רינמ

ודשד א

ה רינמ

III היפ חמלנ

II דדואש

מל נ

"אצאק

III דדואש

מל נ

ותפנמס

- שוןקי

מל נ

לוןשק אנהרימ

רהחד

גן מע

ולשכ אעגןמ

TBT µg

/L

TBT in water, 2004

TBT in sediment, 2004

1

10

100

1000

IV פהחי

מל נ

ותפנמס

- שוןקי

מל נ

III היפ חמלנ

יבאב

תל ה רינמ

II דדואש

מל נ

III דדואש

מל נ

רתמומכ

גן מע

I היפ חמלנ

כוה ערינמ

II היפ חמלנ

I ודשדמל א

נ

ולשכ אעגןמ

לוןשקה ארינמ

IV ודשד אמלנ

I הדר חעגןמ

יהצלהר

ה רינמ

"אצאק

ודשד א

ה רינמ

II הדר חעגןמ

פהחי

רץ מפ

ון צפ

TBT µg

/kg

dry

wt

TBT

(µg/

kg d

ry w

t.)

25

Fig. 13: Trends of heavy metal (µg/g dry wt.), PCB's ((µg/g dry wt.) and TBT (ng/g dry wt.) concentrations in surface sediments in ports and marinas during 2000-2004.

נמל חיפה

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

2

3

4

5

6

Cd

HgCd

נמל חיפה

50

90

130

170

210

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

30

34

38

42

46

Ni

CrCuNi

נמל קישון

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0

5

10

15

20

25C

d`̀

נמל קישון

0

100

200

300

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

20

40

60

80

Ni

נמל אשדוד

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.4

1.8

Cd

נמל אשדוד

30

40

50

60

70

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

18

22

26

30

34

Ni

26

Fig 13: cont. (heavy metals).

מרינה תל אביב

0.000

0.040

0.080

0.120

0.160

0.200

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

Cd

HgCd

מרינה הרצליה

0

20

40

60

80

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

4

8

12

16

20

Ni

CrCuNi

מרינה עכו

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.4

Cd


0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

Cd


0

10

20

30

40

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ni

מרינה עכו

0

40

80

120

160

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

10

20

30

40

Ni

27

Fig 13: cont. (heavy metals).

מעגן מכמורת

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

Cd

HgCd

מעגן מכמורת

0

4

8

12

16

20

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

2

4

6

8

Ni

CrCuNi

מרינה אשדוד

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

Cd

מרינה אשדוד

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

4

8

12

16

20

Ni

מרינה אשקלון

0.004

0.044

0.084

0.124

0.164

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

Cd

מרינה אשקלון

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

6

10

14

18

22

26

Ni

קצא"א

0.002

0.006

0.010

0.014

0.018

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Hg

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

Cd

קצא"א

0

5

10

15

20

25

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Cr,

Cu

0

4

8

12

16

20

Ni

28

Fig 13: cont. (TBT).

Tributyltin (low values)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

צפון מפרץחיפה

עתלית מעגן חדרה מרינההרצליה

מעגן אשכול מרינהאשדוד

מעגן קצא"א

Tri

buty

ltin

(ppb

2001200220032004

Tributyltin (medium values)

0

100

200

300

400

מעגן מכמורת מרינה ת"א נמל אשדוד מרינה אשקלון

Tri

buty

ltin

(ppb

2001200220032004

Tributyltin (high values)

0

1500

3000

4500

6000

נמל חיפה נמל קישון-מספנות מעגן עכו נמל אשדוד

Tri

buty

ltin

(ppb

)

2001200220032004

12000

Tri

buty

ltin

(ppb

)

Tri

buty

ltin

(ppb

)T

ribu

tylti

n (p

pb)

29

Fig 13: cont. (PCB's).

Fig. 14: Relationships between Fe, Pb and Al in suspended particulate matter sampled in shallow surface water along the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2004.

PCB's

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

נמל חיפה

Iנמל חיפה

IIמול חוף

שמן

נמל

קישון -

מספנות

מעגן עכו מרינה תל

אביב

נמל

אשדוד

PCB

's (p

pm)

2001200220032004

1.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Al % dry wt.

Fe %

dry

wt.

Rivers March 04Rivers Sep 04Sea Aug 04

Fe %

dry

wt.

1

10

100

1000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Al % dry wt.

Pb µ

g/g

dry

wt

Rivers March 04Rivers Sep 04Sea Aug 04

Pb (µ

g/g

dry

wt.)

Al % dry wt.

30

Fig. 15: Decrease of mercury concentrations (µg g-1 wet wt.) in bivalves from Haifa Bay: Mactra corallina (1980-2004) and Donax sp. (1975-2004).

Donax Sp.Haifa Bay > 0.25

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

Mactra corallinaNorthern Haifa Bay

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

stations 1,2 8,9,10,12

31

Fig. 16: Box plots of Hg, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the bivalve Donax sp. collected at different sites during 2004. The bottom and the top edge of each box are located at the sample 25 and 75 percentiles. The center horizontal line is drawn at the sample median (EI=Electrochemical industries, QY=Qiryat Yam, MM=Maagan Michael).

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

0.00

0.01

0.10

Cu

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

0

1

2

3

4

EI QY MM

Zn (µ

g/g

wet

wt.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Donax sp.

32

Fig. 17: Variations of Hg concentrations (logarithmic scale of µg g-1 wet wt.) in the bivalve Mactra corallina from northern Haifa Bay during 1980 – 2004. Analytical detection limit was 0.0005 µg g-1 dry wt.

-9

-7

-5

-3

-1

1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Ln H

g (µ

g/g

wet

wt

Mactra corallina 1980-2004HB 1,2,8,9,10,12

Ln H

g (µ

g/g

wet

wt.)

-6

-4

-2

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Ln H

g (µ

g/g

wet

wt

Mactra corallina 2002-2004 HB 1,2,8,9,10,12

Ln H

g (µ

g/g

wet

wt.)

33

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

0.001

0.01

0.1

Cd

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

ACH AK-B AK-P QY HS TS AT MM HAD MIC PAL ASH

Zn (µ

g/g

wet

wt.)

0

10

20

30

40

Fig. 18: Box plots of Hg Cd and Zn concentrations in the gastropods Patella sp. collected at different sites during 2004. The bottom and the top edge of each box are located at the sample 25 and 75 percentiles. The center horizontal line is drawn at the sample median (ACH=Achziv, AK-B=Akko sewage, AK-P=Akko port, QY=Qiryat Yam, HS=Hof Shemen, TS=Tel Shiqmona, AT=Atlit, MM=Maagan Michael, HAD=hadera, MIC=Michmoret, PAL=Palmachim, ASH=Ashdod marina).

34

Fig. 19: Cadmium (A)and zinc (B) concentrations (µg g-1 wet wt.) in the gastropods Patella sp. at the Qishon River estuary (HS) and Qiryat Yam (QY), during 1997–2004. Bold line (in graph A) represents the anthropgenic Cd load introduced into the Qishon River

Fig. 20: Mercury concentrations (µg g-1 wet wt.) in the gastropods Patella sp. at different sites in Haifa Bay during 2001 – 2004.

Patella sp.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Cd

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

0

1

2

3

4

Cd (ton/year)

HSQYCd load

A

Cd

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Years

Zn (µ

g/g

wet

wt.

HSQY

B

Zn (µ

g/g

wet

wt.)

Patella sp.

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

e w

t.

HSQYMMAkko-bACHAkko-pTSH

g (µ

g/g

wet

wt.)

35

Fig. 21: Mercury/body weight ratios in the muscle tissues of specimens of Diplodus sargus (annual average±standard deviation) from Haifa Bay and from other areas along the Israeli coastline, during 1979-2004.

Diplodus sargus

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005

Year

Hg

( µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish w

t.sHaifa Bay

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish

wt.

Diplodus sargus

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish w

t.s

Other area

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish

wt.

36

Fig. 22: Mercury/body weight ratios in the muscle tissues of specimens of Lithognathus mormyrus (annual average +standard deviation) from Haifa Bay and from other areas along the Israeli coastline, during 1979-2004.

Lithognathus mormyrus

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish w

t.sHaifa Bay

Lithognathus mormyrus

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish w

t.s

Other area

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish

wt.

37

Fig. 23: Mercury/body weight ratios in the muscle tissues of specimens of Sargocentron rubrum (annual average +standard deviation) from Haifa Bay and from other areas along the Israeli coastline, during 1979-2004.

Fig. 24: Changes in mercury concentrations (µg/g wet wt.) in specimens of Mullus barbatus (annual average±standard deviation) caught along the northern part of the Israeli coastline during 1974-2004.

Mullus barbatus

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)

North israel (Atlit - Rosh-Ha niqra)

Sargocentron rubrum

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

0.016

1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005

Year

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.) /F

ish w

t.sHaifa Bay

Hg

(µg/

g w

et w

t.)/F

ish

wt.

38

Fig. 25: Atmospheric fluxes of particulate Pb Cd and Cu at Tel-Shikmona (TS) and Maagan Michael (MM) during 1996 – 2004. Annual fluxes were calculated on the basis of sampling during 25% of the total annual days.

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

2005

parti

cula

te P

b (M

M) f

lux

(µg

m-2 y

r-1)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

particulate Pb (TS) flux (µg m-2 yr -1)

Pb-TSPb-MM

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

2005

parti

cula

te C

d flu

x (µ

g m-2

yr-1

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

particulate Cu flux (µg m

-2 yr -1)

Cd TSCd MMCu TSCu MM

39

Fig. 26: Atmospheric wet fluxes of inorganic phosphorus (IP) and inorganic nitrogen (IN) (mmol m-2 yr-1) at Tel-Shikmona during 1992 – 2004. The annual amount of precipitation at Haifa port is included.

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

1992/93

1993/94

1994/95

1995/96

1996/97

1997/98

1998/99

1999/00

2000/01

2001/02

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

diss

olve

d IP

flux

0

200

400

600

800

1000

annual precipitation (mm

IP fluxprecipitation

annual precipitation (mm

)

diss

olve

d IP

flux

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1992/93

1993/94

1994/95

1995/96

1996/97

1997/98

1998/99

1999/00

2000/01

2001/02

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

diss

olve

d IN

flux

diss

olve

d IP

flux

40

0

1

2

3

4

0 4 8 12 16

dissolved oxygen mg/L

wat

er d

epth

m

NaamanQishonAlexanderYarqonLachish

March 2004

September 2004

Fig. 27: Depth-profiles of salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations at the estuaries of Naaman, Qishon and Alexander Rivers during March and September 2004.

0

1

2

3

4

0 4 8 12 16dissolved oxygen mg/L

wat

er d

epth

m

NaamanQishonAlexander

0

1

2

3

4

0 10 20 30 40

salinity

wat

er d

epth

m

NaamanQishonAlexander

0

1

2

3

4

0 10 20 30 40

salinity

wat

er d

epth

m

NaamanQishonAlexanderYarqonLachish

41

Fig. 28: Phosphate (A), ammonium (B) and nitrate (C) concentrations (µM) in surface water at the coastal river outlets along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, during 1990–2004 (March & September).

Beze

t

Naa

man

Qish

on

Dal

ia

Tani

nim

Had

era

Ale

xand

er

Pole

g

Yar

qon

Sore

q

Lakh

ish

Evta

ch

Shiq

ma

19901991

19921994

19951996

19971998 Mar

1998 Sep1999 Mar

1999 Oct2000 Mar

2000 Sep2001 Mar

2001 Sep2002 Mar

2002 Sep2003 Mar

2003 Sep2004 Mar

2004 Sep0

100

200

300

400

500

600PO

4 (µ

M)

Shoreline sampling (A stations)

Beze

t

Naa

man

Qish

on

Dal

ia

Tani

nim

Had

era

Ale

xand

er

Pole

g

Yar

qon

Sore

q

Lakh

ish

Evta

ch

Shiq

ma

19901991

19921994

19951996

19971998 Mar

1998 Sep1999 Mar

1999 Oct2000 Mar

2000 Sep2001 Mar

2001 Sep2002 Mar

2002 Sep2003 Mar

2003 Sep2004 Mar

2004 Sep0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

PO4

( µM

)

50 m from shoreline (B stations) or more

A

42

B

Beze

t

Naa

man

Qish

on

Dal

ia

Tani

nim

Had

era

Ale

xand

er

Pole

g

Yar

qon

Sore

q

Lakh

ish

Evta

ch

19941995

19961997

1998 Mar1998 Sep

1999 Mar1999 Oct

2000 Mar2000 Sep

2001 Mar2001 Sep

2002 Mar2002 Sep

2003 Mar2003 Sep

2004 Mar2004 Sep0

100200300400500600700800900

1000

NO

3 (m

M)


Beze

t

Naa

man

Qish

on

Dal

ia

Tani

nim

Had

era

Ale

xand

er

Pole

g

Yar

qon

Sore

q

Lakh

ish

Evta

ch

Shiq

ma

19941995

19961997

1998 Mar1998 Sep

1999 Mar1999 Oct

2000 Mar2000 Sep

2001 Mar2001 Sep

2002 Mar2002 Sep

2003 Mar2003 Sep

2004 Mar2004 Sep0

200400600800

10001200140016001800

NO

3 ( µ

M)


43

C

Bez

etN

aam

anQ

isho

nD

alia

Tani

nim

Had

era

Ale

xand

erPo

leg

Yar

qon

Sore

qLa

khis

hEv

tach

Shiq

ma

19961997

1998 Mar1998 Sep

1999 Mar1999 Oct

2000 Mar2000 Sep

2001 Mar2001 Sep

2002 Mar2002 Sep

2003 Mar2003 Sep

2004 Mar2004 Sep0

50010001500200025003000350040004500

NH

4 ( µ

M)


Bez

etN

aam

anQ

isho

nD

alia

Tani

nim

Had

era

Ale

xand

erPo

leg

Yar

qon

Sore

qLa

khis

hEv

tach

Shiq

ma

19961997

1998 Mar1998 Sep

1999 Mar1999 Oct

2000 Mar2000 Sep

2001 Mar2001 Sep

2002 Mar2002 Sep

2003 Mar2003 Sep

2004 Mar2004 Sep0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

NH

4 (µ

M)


44

Fig. 29: Nutrient (µM) – nitrate (A), phosphate (B), silicic acid (C), and Chlorophyll a (D) (µg/l) concentrations in surface water along the Mediterranean coast of Israel (depth <30m) during 2004.

Ashqelon

Tel Aviv

Taninim river

Netanya

Haifa

NitrateAugust 2004

34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.9 3531.6

31.7

31.8

31.9

32

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.4

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.9

A

45

Ashqelon

Tel Aviv

Taninim river

Netanya

Haifa

August 2004

34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.9 3531.6

31.7

31.8

31.9

32

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.4

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.9

Phosphate

B

46

Ashqelon

Tel Aviv

Taninim river

Netanya

Haifa

August 2004

34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.9 3531.6

31.7

31.8

31.9

32

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.4

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.9

Silicic acid

C

47

Ashqelon

Tel Aviv

Taninim river

Netanya

Haifa

August 2004

34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.9 3531.6

31.7

31.8

31.9

32

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.4

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.9

Chl-a

D

48

Fig. 30: Relative concentrations of Chl a derived from MERIS satellite images in 20 March 2004 (a), 25 May 2004 (b) and 20 August 2004 (c).

c

b

a

49

Fig. 31: Distribution of Synechococcus counts in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the Mediterranean coast of Israel taken from shallow and deeper (30m) stations during August 2004.

Fig. 32: Relative distribution of phytoplankton group biomass (µgC/L) in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the Mediterranean coast of Israel taken from shallow and deeper (30m) stations during August 2004.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Qishon HB5 HB4 HB2 HB1 Shallow Deep ShallowH8

DeepH5

ShallowH12

DeepH9

ShallowH17

DeepH14

ShallowH18

DeepH21

ShallowH29

DeepH26

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

H4 H1 Taninnim Alexander Yarqon Soreq Ashqelon

Counts (%)

0102030405060708090

100

HB5 HB4 HB2 HB1 Shallow Deep ShallowH8

DeepH5

ShallowH12

DeepH9

ShallowH17

DeepH14

ShallowH18

DeepH21

ShallowH29

DeepH26

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay


Biomass (%)

Synechococcus monads <5u Dinoflagellates Diatoms Other Flagellates

50

Fig. 33: Distribution of microplankton (>10µm) biomass (µgC/L) of dinoflagellates and diatoms in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the Mediterranean coast of Israel taken from shallow and deeper (30m) stations during August 2004.

Fig. 34: Distribution of phytoplankton biomass (µgC/L) in surface water at Haifa Bay (August 2004) and at the Qishon River estuary (May and October 2004).

01020

3040506070

8090

100

HB5 HB4 HB2 HB1 ShallowDeepShallowH8

DeepH5

ShallowH12

DeepH9

ShallowH17

DeepH14

ShallowH18

DeepH21

ShallowH29

DeepH26

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay


Biomass (µgC/L)

Dinoflagellates Diatoms

0200

400600800

100012001400

16001800

May October Shallowstations

Deepstations

Qishonport entry

Qishonport entry

HB5 HB4 HB2 HB1 Avarage Avarage

Biomass (µgC/L)

51

Fig. 35: Distribution of total phytoplankton cells and biomass (µgC/L) in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the Mediterranean coast of Israel taken from shallow and deeper (30m) stations during August 2004.

Fig. 36: Average phytoplankton biomass (µgC/L) in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the coast (in shallow and deeper (30m) stations) during 2001 – 2004.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350H

B5

HB

4

HB

2

HB

1

Shal

low

Dee

p

Shal

low

H8

Dee

pH

5

Shal

low

H12 Dee

pH

9

Shal

low

H17 Dee

pH

14

Shal

low

H18 Dee

pH

21

Shal

low

H29 Dee

pH

26

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay


Counts (Millions cells/L)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350Biomass (µgC/L)

Counts Biomass

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2001 2002 2003 2004

Biomass (µgC/L)

ShallowDeep

52

Fig. 37: Average microplankton biomass (µgC/L) in surface water at stations (in shallow and deeper (30m) water) along the coast during 2001 – 2004.

Fig. 38: Biomass (µgC/L) ratios of flagellates/diatoms in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the coast (in shallow and deeper (30m) stations) during 2002 – 2004.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

HB

5

HB

4

HB

2

HB

1

Shal

low

Dee

p

Shal

low

H8

Dee

pH

5Sh

allo

wH

12 Dee

pH

9Sh

allo

wH

17 Dee

pH

14Sh

allo

wH

18 Dee

pH

21Sh

allo

wH

29 Dee

pH

26

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay

HaifaBay


Flagellates/Diatoms Ratio

2002 2003 2004

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

H4 H1 H8 H5 H12 H9 H17 H14 H18 H21 H29 H26

Hof Dado Taninnim Alexander Yarqon Soreq Ashqelon

Biomass (µgC/L)

Shallow Deep

53

Fig. 39: Average microplankton biomass (µgC/L) in surface water at stations in Haifa Bay and the Qishon River estuary during 2002 – 2004.

Fig. 40: Diversity Index of the phytoplankton in surface water at Haifa Bay and along the Mediterranean coast of Israel taken from shallow and deeper (30m) stations during 2001 - 2004. The Diversity Index is calculated by dividing the number of species by the root square of total cell density.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Qishon HB5 HB4 HB2 HB1

Biomass (µgC/L)

Shallow Stations

0123456789

10

HB5 H4 H8 H12 H17 H18 H29

Qishon Haifa Bay Hof Dado Taninnim Alexander Yarqon Soreq Ashqelon

Div

ersit

y In

dex

Div

ersi

ty in

dex

Deep Stations

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

H1 H5 H9 H14 H21 H26

Hof Dado Taninnim Alexander Yarqon Soreq Ashqelon

Div

ersit

y In

dex

Div

ersi

ty in

dex

54

Fig. 41. Quality control charts for determination of cadmium (A) and mercury (B) in fish tissues and mercury in sediments (C). Points represent results (annual averages) of analyses of standard reference materials. Solid and dotted lines represent the certified values and their standard deviations.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Cd

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)(SR

M 1

577;

1571

)

15

17

19

21

23

25

Cd (µg/g dry w

t.(Dolt-2;3)

Bovine liver (SRM 1577a) Bovine liver (SRM 1577b)

Dolt-2

Dolt-3

Orchard leaves (SRM 1571)

A

B

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.) (T

una

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

Hg (µg/g dry w

t.) (Dorm

-2)

Tuna

Dorm -2

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.) (T

una)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Annual mean values

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.)(B

uffa

lo,IA

EA

1

2

3

4

5

6

Hg (µg/g dry w

t.) (PAC

S-1)

PACS-1

Buffalo river sediment

IAEA 405

C

Hg

(µg/

g dr

y w

t.) (B

uffa

lo, I

AE

A)

55

Table: Heavy metal concentration range (µg g-1 wet wt.) in muscle tissue of inshore and trawl fish collected along the Mediterranean coast of Israel during 2004.

Size

(cm)

דגי מכמורת

Mullus barbatus North part of Israel, 32-56 m 50 11.0-20.0 0.014-0.162 bdl 0.275-1.28 3.16-7.07 2.84-13.94South part of Israel, 36 m depth 15 14.0-19.0 0.014-0.053 bdl 0.265-0.511 2.95-4.92 3.49-11.28

Upeneus moluccensis North part of Israel, 32-54 m 7 13.0-18.0 0.049-0.391 bdl 0.387-0.630 4.47-7.70 5.51-8.63South part of Israel, 36 m depth 12 13.5-20.5 0.055-0.418 bdl 0.332-1.889 3.78-7.90 2.91-14.40

Pagellus erythrinus North part of Israel, 32-56 m 33 13.0-23.0 0.038-0.428 bdl 0.194-0.565 3.66-6.19 1.47-8.02South part of Israel, 36 m depth 11 16.5-17.5 0.051-0.218 bdl 0.126-0.309 2.95-4.32 1.31-6.04

Rafael, 15 m depth. 10 12.0-18.0 0.143-0.493 bdl 0.247-0.412 3.33-4.86 1.81-8.39Bat galim, 5 m depth 12 14.0-17.5 0.039-0.079 bdl 0.251-0.520 3.57-4.58 1.85-6.85

Epinephelus aeneus off Yafo, 35 m depth 7 20.0-69.0 0.028-0.211 bdl 0.220-0.275 3.45-4.74 0.27-2.80

Pargus coeruleostictus off Yafo, 35 m depth 2 34.0 0.265-0.295 bdl 0.182-0.244 2.90-2.92 1.75-2.33

Species Location No. of specimens

Hg Cd Cu Zn Fe

56

Table: cont.

Size (cm)

דגים חופיים

Lithognathus mormyrus Qiryat Yam, 2 m depth 11 16.0-21.0 0.067-0.428 bdl 0.246-0.490 4.61-6.74 2.34-5.02Qiryat Haim, 10 m depth 9 14.5-16.0 0.026-0.069 bdl 0.168-0.427 3.95-5.69 3.62-9.72

Bat galim, 5m depth 18 12.5-17.0 0.025-0.089 bdl 0.218-1.75 4.53-7.36 1.22-9.37Jisr-az-zarqa, 3.5m depth 6 14.0-20.5 0.034-0.162 bdl 0.215-0.292 25.29-6.79 1.60-5.32

Qesarya, 8 m depth 2 16.0-205 0.031-0.062 bdl 0.442-0.486 4.22-5.84 3.67-5.95

Diplodus sargus Frutarom, 15m depth 4 12.0-16.5 0.064-0.403 bdl 0.217-0.279 3.72-5.09 3.45-4.50Bat galim, 5 m depth 10 15.0-25.0 0.036-0.568 bdl 0.246-0.487 1.81-2.50 1.26-3.88Qesarya, 8 m depth 10 14.0-22.0 0.050-0.239 bdl 0.217-0.532 3.45-5.79 2.71-6.95Herzliyya, 8m depth 6 19.5-22.5 0.102-0.433 bdl 0.252-0.416 3.19-6.38 3.85-9.13

Yafo, 35 m depth 2 2.75 0.293-0.492 bdl 0.227-0.283 3.04-3.21 2.34-3.77Palmahim, 8 m depth. 12 16.0-20.0 0.100-0.405 bdl 0.173-0.428 3.70-5.58 3.56-8.21

Diplodus vulgaris Frutarom, 15m depth 10 14.0-17.0 0.148-0.482 bdl 0.199-0.814 4.04-5.21 2.30-10.1Sargocentron rubrum Nahariyya, 11 14-20.5 0.285-0.740 bdl 0.175-0.794 2.84-4.64 4.0-6.3

Frutarom, 12m depth 10 14.5-16.5 0.274-0.485 bdl 0.221-0.536 3.07-3.5 3.2-7.3Bat galim, 28 m depth 10 15-19 0.221-0.545 bdl 0.221-0.455 3.34-4.92 5.0-7.9Palmahim, 8 m depth 5 15.5-18.0 0.159-0.226 bdl 0.309-0.441 3.15-3.87 3.42-8.31

Siganus rivulatus Bat galim, 5 m depth 1 18 0.012 bdl 0.257 3.53 3.44Qesarya, 8 m depth 11 17.5-22.0 0.002-0..012 bdl 0.323-0.784 4.59-6.62 3.70-7.83

Frutarom, 16 m depth 10 15.0-18.0 0.006-0.026 bdl 0.171-0.449 4.39-6.58 3.69-5.87Yafo, 10 m depth 8 14.5-18.0 0.005-0.010 bdl 0.485-1.117 3.81-5.67 3.80-12.08

Palmahim, 8 m depth. 3 19.0-25.5 0.005-0.008 bdl 0.154-0.283 3.07-4.55 2.31-2.74

Mullu surmuletus Frutarom, 17 m depth 8 18.0-22.0 0.157-0.384 bdl 0.289-0.649 3.24-4.18 3.77-9.65Epinephelus marginatus off Yafo, 35 m depth 2 54.0-58.0 0.208-0.341 bdl 0.220-0.240 3.76-4.23 2.42-3.91

Epinephelus costea off Yafo, 35 m depth 1 33.5 0.117 bdl 0.275 3.86 2.8bdl = below detection limit Cd<0.04µg/g wet wt.

Species Location No. of specimens

Hg Cd Cu Zn Fe

Appendix Total number of heavy metal analyses in fish, mollusks and sediments since the beginning of the monitoring program

Fish (1974-2004)

Diplodus sargus 848 Lithognathus mormyrus 993 Mullus barbatus 759 Sargocentron rubrum 452 Upeneus asymmetricus 287 Upeneus moluccensis 107 Siganus rivulatus 278 Mullus surmuletus 254 Oblada melanura 122 Pagellus erythrinus 353 Saurida undosquamis 148 Other 925

Total 5526

Mollusks* (1975-2004)

Mactra corrallina corrallina 1780 Astropecten bispinosus 55 Rudicardium tuberculatum 145 Neverita josephinia 80 Patella sp. 713 Diogenes pugilator 196 Donax trunculus 585 C. gallina 36 Arcularia gibbosula 69 Cellana rota 92 other 528

Total 4724

Sediment and suspended particulate matter

Sea Sediments (1981-2004) 682 River Sediments (1988-2004) 530 SPM (1994-2004) 859

Total 2080

* Composite samples (>10,000 specimens)

israel oceanographic & limnological research ltd. tel: 972-4 … · 2005. 12. 18. · israel...

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