Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576 S531

strategy yielded similar specific productivities when compared toa typical fermentation at 37 ◦C but with a lower metabolic burden,due to the high percentage of healthy cells at the end of the fermen-tation. In conclusion, amino acid limitation based strategies seemedto be a suitable approach to be implemented at a large scale levelsince it is cheaper (does not require any additional energy) and ithas proved to be efficient in the amplification of several plasmids.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.861

[PUB-O.1]

Effect of the carbon source on the fermentative performanceof Dekkera bruxellensis, contaminant yeasts from the alcoholicfermentations

S.R. Ceccato-Antonini ∗, A.P.G. Bassi, V.R. Reis

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, BrazilKeywords: alcoholic fermentation; Dekkera bruxellensis; contami-nant yeast; fermentative performance

The yeasts Dekkera bruxellensis are important contaminants inalcoholic fermentations for beverage and fuel alcohol production.In the latter very little is known about their role in the processand which conditions may trigger or influence their growth. In thiswork the effect of the carbon source (glucose or sucrose) on thefermentative performance of three strains of D. bruxellensis wasevaluated.

The yeasts (isolated from ethanol-producing units) were grownin YEPD medium with cell recycle until enough wet mass wasachieved to inoculate three 500-mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 200 mLof final medium volume, in a concentration of 10 g/L of mass(washed in saline solution repeatedly) in each. The fermentationmedium was constituted of salts, yeast extract (0.6%) and glucose orsucrose (10%), pH 5.0, and flasks were maintained at 30 ◦C, 100 rpmfor 48 hours. Samples were taken each 12 hours to evaluate pH,alcoholic content (%), Brix (◦), cell number (cells/mL) and viability(%).

The fermentation rate was slower with sucrose, with alcoholproduction as much as 20% higher with glucose for two strains. Anintense medium acidification was achieved after 48 hours, whichshould have contributed to the remarkable decrease in the cell via-bility especially with glucose. Values of pH as low as 1.8-1.9 wereobserved for all three strains at the end of fermentation. Despiteof the low fermentative efficiency (around 1-1.5% of alcohol), in aprevious study a similar result was obtained only after 3-4 days offermentation in sugar cane juice in batch system with cell recyclein static cultures.

The carbon source influenced the fermentation rate stimulat-ing acid production but the flask agitation favoring aeration isalso an important parameter to be considered in the managingof these yeasts during the fermentation process (Support: Fapesp09/14617-4 and 09/07061-0).

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.862

[PUB-O.2]

Potentiality of phytopathogen-controlling yeasts isolated fromsugar cane as growth plant promoters

M.M. Rosa 1,2, S.M. Tauk-Tornisielo 2, M.L.R. Lopes-Assad 1, S.R.Ceccato-Antonini 1,∗

1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, BrazilKeywords: growth plant promoter; biological control; Col-letotrichum; yeasts

Microorganisms known as growth plant promoters (GPPM) arenaturally found in rhizosphere and on plant surfaces, producingsubstances capable to stimulate the vegetal development by dif-ferent mechanisms as siderophore and fitohormone production,biological control, resistance induction and mineral solubilizationwith the release of nutrients in soil solution. Yeasts participateactively in diverse and important biotechnology processes andalthough they are widely found in agricultural areas, little is knownabout their function in these environments.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potentiality of yeastsisolated from sugar cane and exhibiting control of fungal phy-topathogen development as growth plant promoters and theirapplication in sustainable crop management.

Yeasts were isolated from rhizosphere soil and leaves of sugarcane and after a screening process three strains were selected dueto the biocontrol of Colletotrichum sublineolum, sorghum pathogencausing anthracnose, by direct antagonism in Petri dish. The yeastswere identified by ITS region sequencing as Torulaspora globosa(strain 1S112, isolated from soil rhizosphere), Rhodotorula globosa(strain 2F32, isolated from leaves) and Candida intermedia (strain2S02, isolated from leaves). Evaluations of indole acetic acid (auxinfitohormone) and siderophore production as well as in vitro solu-bilization of phosphate and potassium were taken.

Not even a yeast produced siderophore compounds but thestrain of T. globosa was able to produce indole acetic acid and solu-bilize phosphate in vitro. Potassium was significantly released frominsoluble rock probably due to the intense acid production. No pre-vious report was found about T. globosa in soil and its function inthat habitat. This strain may be a potential organism to be used topromote plant growth, but further studies should be conducted toget a field evaluation of its potential. (Support: CNPq grant)

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.863

[PUB-O.3]

Isolation and screening of pentose-fermenting yeasts for thebioethanol production

Sandra Regina Ceccato-Antonini 1,∗, Cristina Martini 2, MaisaHelena Heluany 1, Ana Ligia Buzolin 1, Sâmia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo 2, Márcia Maria Rosa-Magri 1

1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil

The bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic substrates is dif-ferent from the first-generation ethanol concerning the technologyto release the simple sugars from the biomass and the microor-ganism to ferment them. Pentoses as xylose and arabinose are notutilized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the well-known yeast used inindustrial processes. For the production of ethanol from these abun-dant raw materials a search for yeasts able to ferment the pentosesis required. This work aimed to isolate yeasts from soil and fromsugar cane bagasse and juice, using selective media with xylose or

S532 Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576

arabinose as sole carbon sources. These yeasts were tested in a fer-mentation medium with xylose or arabinose at 30oC for 10 days.Two yeast strains isolated from sugar cane juice were able to fer-ment arabinose at 2% but not at 5% and 10%. The number of yeastsisolated from sugar cane bagasse which assimilated xylose is sim-ilar to the number of arabinose-assimilating yeasts, around 103 -105 yeasts/g soil. However, the isolates from the first sampling ofbagasse (in December 2009) were not able to ferment xylose or ara-binose. The isolation and screening procedures are still in progress,as well as the optimization of the culture medium for the produc-tion of ethanol by the yeasts selected. (Support: CNPq, FAPESP –INCT Bioethanol).

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.864

[PUB-O.4]

Mechanisms of action in the biological control of phy-topathogenic mold by a yeast

Márcia Maria Rosa-Magri 1,∗, Sâmia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo 2, San-dra Regina Ceccato-Antonini 1

1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil

Yeasts are important microorganisms utilized for differentpurposes in biotechnological processes. The control of phy-topathogenic fungi by the yeasts has been studied, mainlyinhibiting molds which cause fruit rots in the postharvest and con-trolling diseases of economically important cultures in the field. Inthis context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the yeast Torulas-pora globosa (strain 1S112) as biological control agent against thephytopatogenic mold Colletotrichum sublineolum. The experimentswere carried out in liquid medium to evaluate the action of the pureculture (yeast) and mixed culture (yeast plus phytopathogen), inbuffered and no-buffered medium, after filtration or autoclaving ofthe supernatants, during 60 hours of cultivation, on mold spore ger-mination. The supernatants of yeast cultures presented significantcontrol of the spore germination in C. sublineolum, in free-of cellextracts, showing that living cells are not demanded for the antag-onism. There was no stimulation in the production of antifungalcompounds when the yeast was grown with the mold. The auto-claved supernatant was not the best for the mold growth control,indicating that a temperature-sensitive compound was responsiblefor the control of fungal germination. The buffered medium showedthe best results for the control, which may be related to the stabil-ity of antifungal compounds produced by the yeast. It is concludedthat the yeast T. globosa (strain 1S112) is a potential organism to beused for the biological control of causative agents of plant disease,but more information about the mechanisms of action is necessaryto recommend this yeast as a biofungicide.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.865

[PUB-O.5]

A novel approach for the production of biodiesel from wastecooking oil by using cutinase bioreactors

Kiran Kumar Gali 1,∗, Hanumantha Rao Garapati 2

1 Bioprocess laboratory,Bapatla Enginering College,Bapatla -522101,India2 Centre For Biotechnology,Department of Chemical Enginer-ing,Andhra University College of Engineering,Visakhapatnam-530003,IndiaKeywords: cutinase bioreactors; biodiesel; cooking oils; monoalkylesters

Every oil dependent country in general and developed nation inparticular are looking towards biofuels to reduce the spiraling for-eign oil import costs, and to mitigate pollution and global warmingassociated with the use of fossil fuels. Biofuel production is becom-ing price-competitive with fuels in use at present due to manyreasons. One such energy source is referred to as biodiesel. Thiscan be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, microalgal oils,waste products of vegetable oil refinery or animal rendering, andused frying oils. Chemically, they are known as monoalkyl estersof fatty acids. The conventional method for producing biodieselinvolves acid and base catalysts to form fatty acid alkyl esters.Downstream processing costs and environmental problems asso-ciated with biodiesel production and byproducts recovery haveled to the search for alternative production methods and alterna-tive substrates. Enzymatic reactions involving cutinases can be anexcellent alternative to produce biodiesel through a process com-monly referred to alcoholysis, a form of transesterification reaction,or through an interesterification (ester interchange) reaction. Theobjective of the work is to measure the production of cutinase byFusarium oxysporum in the presence of several carbon and nitrogensources (glycides, fatty acids and oils, and several organic and inor-ganic nitrogen sources), trying to find a cost-effective substitutefor cutin in the culture medium as an inducer of cutinase produc-tion. A CCD study of the fermentation conditions was carried out,and the best production of cutinase was registered. These resultssupport the production of cutinase in a larger scale. A packed-bedreactor (PBR) system with and without recycling was developed byusing immobilized biocatalyst for biodiesel production by mixtureof waste cooking oils Methanolysis. A high methyl ester contentof over 80% was achieved. The biodiesel was characterized by itsphysical and fuel properties according to ASTM standards

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.866

[PUB-O.6]

Investigation of the Role of F1L Protein in Orf Virus Structureand Morphogenesis Using a Deleted Mutant Virus

L. Gallina 1,∗, A. Mercer 2, A. Lavazza 3, A. Scagliarini 1

1 Department of Public Health and Animal Pathology, University ofBologna, Italy2 Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Otago University, New Zealand3 The Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Insti-tute (IZSLER), Virology group, ItalyKeywords: Deleted mutant virus; orf virus; plaques; homologuesrecombination

Orf virus (OV) is the prototype of the genus Parapoxvirus inthe family Poxviridae that causes the contagious skin disease orf.