islamic architecture lecture

Imran Mohammad [email protected]

925-890-9507

Sunday - April 25th, 2008MCA – Muslim Community Association, Santa Clara, California

OverviewWhat is Architecture?

What is Islamic Architecture?

What is the difference?

Styles

Elements

Influences of Islamic Architecture

Architectural Masterpieces

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/IMAGES/islamic-tile.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/cairo-autumn.html&h=98&w=100&sz=4&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=6VYvOqJylkTzWM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmuslim%2Bdesign%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.eb.com/eb/image%3Fid%3D61218%26rendTypeId%3D4&imgrefurl=http://student.britannica.com/comptons/art-51524/Intricately-patterned-tiles-adorn-the-interior-of-the-Imam-Mosque&h=300&w=298&sz=25&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=k9XedaMTuuBVUM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=115&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/800px-Selimiye_Mosque%25252C_Dome.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/STY-islam.htm&h=533&w=800&sz=208&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=zcPQPSvoQxV0AM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bonner-design.com/images/m-g-vault.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bonner-design.com/&h=388&w=240&sz=18&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=Wfatu4-xgxv55M:&tbnh=123&tbnw=76&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.planetenjoy.com/my/images/tajmahal04.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.planetenjoy.com/art/631_taj-mahal-agra-india-the-most-beautiful-masterpieces-of-architecture-in-the-world&h=441&w=640&sz=78&hl=en&start=16&um=1&tbnid=KHCWhy_CuZ8pqM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/33_pol.jpg&imgrefurl=http://civilsut-english.blogfa.com/&h=426&w=778&sz=100&hl=en&start=30&um=1&tbnid=Top4a6JIB3eS3M:&tbnh=78&tbnw=142&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26start%3D18%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/groups/ngg/Muqarnas/Img/bistam_detail.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/groups/ngg/projects.php&h=371&w=552&sz=196&hl=en&start=35&um=1&tbnid=mIO4xCZRrQqqHM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26start%3D18%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.islamispeace.org.uk/uploads/images/Mosque---Aye-Sophia.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.islamispeace.org.uk/itm.php%3Fid_top%3D27&h=292&w=448&sz=48&hl=en&start=37&um=1&tbnid=2WUb0_ph4wfa0M:&tbnh=83&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26start%3D36%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/1052/50521616.JPG

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sunna.info/souwar/data/media/6/islam11.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sunna.info/souwar/postcard.img518.htm%3Fl%3Darabic&h=512&w=345&sz=38&hl=en&start=53&um=1&tbnid=MzfERohoa5oVgM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dislamic%2Barchitecture%26start%3D36%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

What is Architecture?

Space, Shelter, Sanctuary

• Rudimentary at first• More elaborate with time• To show power, money,

importance

DEFINITION:The art and science of

designing and building structures

What is Islamic Architecture?

Islamic Buildings?

Buildings in Muslim countries?

Architecture by Muslims?

DEFINITION:Encompasses both secular &

religious buildings from the beginning of Islam to present day, influencing the design & construction of structures within the sphere of Islamic Culture


Basic PrincipalsConcept of Space

Sacred vs. ProfanePermanent vs. Temporal

Concept of Man on EarthLife Cycle of a Grave

Geometric DriversPatterns in NatureSufi Elements on Design

Environmental ConstraintsForm addresses climateForms follow Function or visa versa?


ElementsCourtyard – Sehan

GardenWater Char Bagh

TechnologyDome Arch

Bara Dari

Awan

Mashabia

Chadar

China Kari


http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/adobe/images/alamos_courtyard_440.jpg

Ahead of Modern Influences

Sustainable Development

Green / Environmental Design

Passive Environmental Control

Accessible or ADA Design


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.homesforeasyliving.com/images/indexon/logonew.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.homesforeasyliving.com/&h=329&w=336&sz=7&hl=en&start=60&um=1&tbnid=NFQwwR5DpIW_UM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Duniversal%2Bdesign%26start%3D42%26ndsp%3D21%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Mushrain & Mughribain

WEST EAST

Lord of the two easts and the two westsAl-Rahmaan 55: 17


Mushrain & Mughribain

WEST EAST


StylesPersian Moorish

Turkistan (Timurid)

Ottoman Turkish

Fatimid

Mamluk

Indo-Islamic (Mughal)

Sino-Islamic

Afro-Islamic






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Persian - Isfahan

Early Islamic architects borrowed and adopted the traditions and ways of the fallen Persian empire

Islamic architecture borrows heavily from Persian architecture.

Characteristics:Tapered brick pillarsLarge arcades

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.world-housing.net/uploads/102412_117_13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.world-housing.net/whereport1view.php%3Fid%3D100141&h=448&w=576&sz=17&hl=en&start=10&um=1&tbnid=daE7-7YPKfXQoM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpersian%2Barchitecture%26ndsp%3D21%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.webindia123.com/monuments/other/design1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.webindia123.com/monuments/other/taj.htm&h=148&w=150&sz=10&hl=en&start=48&um=1&tbnid=BJg_kH5CZqQi7M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpersian%2Barchitecture%26start%3D42%26ndsp%3D21%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Moorish - AlhambraGreat Mosque, Cordoba (785 AD)

Peak of design: Alhambra, Granada (Palace/Fortress)

Lasting impact on modern Spanish architecture.

Characteristics:

Foliage Motifs

Arches

Glazed Tile work

Central Fountain

Turkistan - SamarkandErected by Timur

Samarkand, Herat, Meshed, Kazakhstan

Derived from Persian influence

Gave rise to Mughal design

Characteristics:Axial SymmetryDouble DomesBrilliant colors on the outside

Ottoman - IstanbulByzantine, Persian and Syrian

influence

Vast inner spaces covered by seemingly weightless but massive domes

Vaults, domes, semi-domes, columns

Great architect – Sinan

Note worthy architectureSuleiman Mosque

http://www.islamic-architecture.info/WA-TU/WA-TU-005.htm

Fatimid & Mamluk- CairoFATAMID

High influence - Turkistan

Al-Azhar Mosque - 1st example

Famous buildings

Al Azhar UniversityAl Hakim MosqueAl Jame-al-Aqmer

MAMLUK

Patrons of arts

Art & Architecture at peak


http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Architecture/4-615Spring2002/LectureNotes/detail/lec5.htm

Indo – Islamic (Moghal)Fusion: Persian, Arabic, Hindu

Use marble & precious/semi-precious stone

Showed power & influence over region

Famous buildings:

Shalimar GardensDelhi FortBadshahi MasjidTaj Mahal


http://lh3.google.com/_p93PViGI3bs/Ry2md-iZipI/AAAAAAAABYo/zwE2wr1Gqu4/s800/image15.jpg

Sino - Islamic1st Mosque in China:

Grand Mosque of Xi’an

Follow traditional Chinese form

Buildings highly symmetrical but gardens highly asymmetrical

Predominantly wooden construction – but some use of red or gray blocks


Afro IslamicFamous Structures in Africa:

Grand Mosque of Djenne’Cairo CitadelSankore Mosque in Timbutku

Style highly influenced by Muslim traders to the region


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Medersa_Sankore.jpg

MasterpiecesTaj Mahal

Agra, India

Isfahan Bazaar Isfahan, Iran

Alhambra Cordoba, Spain











Taj Mahal - IndiaShah Jehan for Mumtaz Mahal

Build in 1648

Architect:Ustad Ahmad Lahauri


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f1/Chahar-Bagh-Taj-Mahal-net.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TajPlanMughalGardens.jpg

Isfahan Bazaar - Iran

17th Century

“World’s first shopping mall”

Miles of streets covered for pedestrian friendly climate control


Alhambra - SpainMeans - Red Fort

Mixes natural & man-made elements


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Adolf_Seel_Innenhof_der_Alhambra.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atauriques.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Alhambra_Generalife_fountains.jpg

Modern ArchitectureBurj Al-Arab

Dubai, UAE

Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The Burj Dubai, UAE











Burj Al-ArabTallest Hotel – 1,053’ (1994)


Petronas Towers2 rotated squares

The BurjAbstracted desert flower pattern

Imran Mohammad [email protected]

925-890-9507

Sunday - April 25th, 2008MCA – Muslim Community Association, Santa Clara, California

islamic architecture lecture

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